A dynamic monitoring method of ecological environment based on remote sensing and geographic information system

Abstract

This invention claims protection for a dynamic ecological environment monitoring method based on remote sensing and geographic information systems, which utilizes the PSR model to construct an ecological environment quality evaluation system framework. Principal component analysis is used to analyze the main factors influencing the ecological environment quality level in the study area and obtain results. Land use information maps and ecological environment quality levels are combined to determine the spatial distribution of ecological environment quality levels, clarifying their spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and evolution process. Based on the results of the barrier degree model, the factors influencing ecological environment improvement are understood, providing a scientific basis for future environmental improvements. The constructed hydrodynamic-water quality model, combined with actual conditions, determines the degree of threat to the reservoir area under specific operating conditions, providing a reference for monitoring and early warning. Based on the results of water quality simulation and river flow field analysis, recommendations and countermeasures for river ecological restoration are proposed for ecologically damaged sections of the Sanhekou River Basin.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the cross field of computer mathematical model processing and ecological synthesis, and specifically relates to a method for dynamic monitoring of ecological environment based on remote sensing and geographic information system. Background Art

[0002] Ecological environment is short for the environment composed of ecological relationships. It is closely related to humans and is the sum of natural forces or functions that influence human production and life. The ecological environment plays a vital role in human survival and development, specifically in terms of water resources, land resources, biological resources, and climate resources. The development of the ecological environment is linked to sustainable socioeconomic development. As humans transform nature, it can generate negative feedback loops on human damage. Ecosystems are organic entities composed of biological communities and abiotic natural factors. These influence the structure of natural factors and, in varying degrees, impact human survival and development. With the current rapid economic development, rapid urbanization and urban and rural construction have jeopardized the ecological environment. Social progress has led to frequent occurrences of excessive chemical plant emissions, water and air pollution, eutrophication of rivers and lakes, mudslides, and landslides, seriously threatening the quality of the ecological environment and human health. In recent years, China has recognized the importance of ecological civilization construction for socioeconomic development, gradually prioritizing ecological sustainability and ecological environmental development. Research on ecological environmental quality plays a key role in improving our country's existing ecological civilization theory and system.

[0003] The primary purpose of ecological and environmental assessment is to evaluate the overall value of the ecological environment, effectively assessing human needs in this area. Ensuring water quality in the source area is a prerequisite for the development of urban agglomeration, ecological development, and industrialization in Guanzhong. Constructing healthy, near-natural wetlands in the source area is a crucial measure for addressing issues left over from the project. Therefore, when conducting ecological and environmental assessments, the impact of social factors must be comprehensively incorporated. Using scientific and effective methods will not only help local residents understand the importance of ecological and environmental protection but also provide a scientific basis for improving the ecological environment of the entire region.

[0004] However, the current information-based monitoring of the ecological environment lacks an effective and comprehensive supervision platform to rationally evaluate the regional ecological environment and provide constructive suggestions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To solve the current problem of ecological environment monitoring informatization, the present invention seeks to protect a method for dynamic ecological environment monitoring based on remote sensing and geographic information system, which is characterized by comprising:

[0006] Complete the construction of the ecological environment indicator system and data processing;

[0007] Build and debug the hydrodynamic model;

[0008] Implement the construction and analysis of ecological environment quality evaluation models;

[0009] Debug the ecological environment quality assessment model and calibrate and verify the results;

[0010] Conduct obstacle analysis on ecological environment quality and formulate ecological restoration strategies.

[0011] Furthermore, the completion of the construction of the ecological environment indicator system and data preprocessing also includes:

[0012] Using RS and GIS to study the regional ecological environment quality, the model was used to construct an ecological environment quality evaluation system, including statistical data of 24 indicators including natural, social and economic factors;

[0013] The "Pressure-State-Response" (PSR) model was selected as the overall evaluation index system for the regional ecological environment. Starting from the three systems of pressure, state and response, 20 ecological environment quality evaluation index factors were selected according to the index selection principles.

[0014] The selection of ecological environment quality evaluation indicators includes ecological environment quality pressure system indicators, ecological environment quality status system indicators, and ecological environment quality response system indicators;

[0015] The data processing includes data preprocessing,

[0016] The data preprocessing is to complete the orthorectification, radiation correction, atmospheric correction, splicing and cropping of remote sensing images with the support of remote sensing software ENVI5.3 and ArcGIS10.3, and to complete the classification of remote sensing images using the maximum likelihood method;

[0017] The data processing also includes land use data classification and processing, meteorological data extraction and processing, land use change research, land use spatial structure change analysis, land use dynamic change analysis, land use information map change analysis, and ecological environment quality evaluation indicator data processing.

[0018] Furthermore, the construction of the hydrodynamic model and debugging thereof further includes:

[0019] Construct the two-dimensional plane water flow continuity equation and the two-dimensional plane water flow momentum equation, use the finite volume method to spatially discretize the above hydrodynamic control equations, and use the first-order form to perform numerical solutions;

[0020] Prepare the boundary data file of the study area, use MIKE Mesh Generator to import the boundary terrain file and perform boundary smoothing, define the import and export and boundaries; use the module's built-in functions to divide the study area into unstructured grid units, generate the initial grid file, and after generating the initial grid, output the topographic map after the water depth difference.

[0021] Furthermore, the construction and analysis of the ecological environment quality evaluation model may also include:

[0022] Calculation of weights for ecological environment evaluation indicators, including data standardization and weight calculation using the entropy weight method;

[0023] Use principal component analysis to conduct comprehensive evaluation, measurement and analysis of ecological environment quality;

[0024] Classify the ecological environment quality into different levels.

[0025] Furthermore, the debugging of the ecological environment quality evaluation model and the calibration and verification of the results include:

[0026] Based on the research results of hydrodynamic simulation, a water pollution model is constructed, and then the measured values ​​of the monitoring points are compared and analyzed with the simulated values ​​to calibrate and verify the accuracy of the model.

[0027] The constructed water quality model is used to analyze the spatiotemporal variation of water quality and the relationship between flow rate and pollution concentration in the target area when it experiences sudden water pollution.

[0028] The parameters of the hydrodynamic model to be calibrated and verified are mainly water depth, eddy viscosity coefficient, and Manning coefficient;

[0029] The model is verified using the measured water level data in front of the dam.

[0030] Furthermore, the barrier analysis of ecological environment quality and formulation of ecological restoration strategies also include:

[0031] Build an ecological environment barrier model;

[0032] Obtain the calculation results of ecological environment obstacle degree;

[0033] A complex ecosystem is used to treat discharged pollutants, and physical sedimentation and biological treatment methods are used for in-situ remediation.

[0034] The present invention claims protection for a method for dynamic monitoring of the ecological environment based on remote sensing and geographic information systems, which uses the PSR model to construct an ecological environment quality evaluation system framework. The principal component analysis method is used to analyze the main factors affecting the ecological environment quality level of the study area and obtain the results. The land use information map and the ecological environment quality level are combined to obtain the spatial distribution of the ecological environment quality level, and its spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and evolution process are clarified; based on the results of the obstacle degree model, the factors affecting the improvement of the ecological environment are understood, and a scientific basis is provided for future environmental improvement. Through the constructed hydrodynamic-water quality model, combined with actual conditions, the degree of threat to the reservoir area under specific working conditions is obtained, providing a reference for monitoring and early warning. Based on the results of water quality simulation and river flow field analysis, suggestions and countermeasures for river ecological restoration are proposed for the ecologically damaged river sections in the Sanhekou Basin. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other relevant drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0036] Figure 1 This is a workflow diagram of a method for dynamic monitoring of an ecological environment based on remote sensing and geographic information systems according to the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 This is a workflow diagram of a first embodiment of a method for dynamic monitoring of an ecological environment based on remote sensing and geographic information systems according to the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a workflow diagram of Example 2 of a method for dynamic monitoring of an ecological environment based on remote sensing and geographic information system according to the present invention;

[0039] Figure 4 This is a workflow diagram of Example 3 of a method for dynamic monitoring of an ecological environment based on remote sensing and geographic information system according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the present disclosure and to fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0041] Refer to the attached Figure 1The present invention claims protection for a method for dynamic monitoring of ecological environment based on remote sensing and geographic information system, which is characterized by comprising:

[0042] Complete the construction of the ecological environment indicator system and data processing;

[0043] Build and debug the hydrodynamic model;

[0044] Implement the construction and analysis of ecological environment quality evaluation models;

[0045] Debug the ecological environment quality assessment model and calibrate and verify the results;

[0046] Conduct obstacle analysis on ecological environment quality and formulate ecological restoration strategies.

[0047] Furthermore, the completion of the construction of the ecological environment indicator system and data preprocessing also includes:

[0048] Using RS and GIS to study the regional ecological environment quality, the model was used to construct an ecological environment quality evaluation system, including statistical data of 24 indicators including natural, social and economic factors;

[0049] The "Pressure-State-Response" (PSR) model was selected as the overall evaluation index system for the regional ecological environment. Starting from the three systems of pressure, state and response, 20 ecological environment quality evaluation index factors were selected according to the index selection principles.

[0050] The selection of ecological environment quality evaluation indicators includes ecological environment quality pressure system indicators, ecological environment quality status system indicators, and ecological environment quality response system indicators;

[0051] The data processing includes data preprocessing,

[0052] The data preprocessing is to complete the orthorectification, radiation correction, atmospheric correction, splicing and cropping of remote sensing images with the support of remote sensing software ENVI5.3 and ArcGIS10.3, and to complete the classification of remote sensing images using the maximum likelihood method;

[0053] The data processing also includes land use data classification and processing, meteorological data extraction and processing, land use change research, land use spatial structure change analysis, land use dynamic change analysis, land use information map change analysis, and ecological environment quality evaluation indicator data processing.

[0054] The ecological environment quality pressure system indicators include eight indicators: per capita regional GDP (10,000 yuan), annual per capita fiscal revenue (10,000 yuan), per capita disposable income of rural residents (10,000 yuan), per capita disposable income of urban residents (10,000 yuan), proportion of the tertiary industry in GDP (%), natural population growth rate (‰), per capita cultivated land area (mu / person), and population density (person / square kilometer).

[0055] The ecological environment quality status refers to the current state of ecological development. The selected indicators also reflect the state of the regional ecological environment. Eight indicators were selected: annual precipitation, annual average temperature, forest coverage, urban air quality compliance rate, urban per capita green space, urbanization level, urban Engel coefficient, and rural Engel coefficient.

[0056] The ecological and environmental quality response refers to the response made by organizations such as society and government to optimize and improve ecological and environmental quality. The selected response indicators reflect the pressure and current state of society and government in response to human activities. Four indicators were selected: the proportion of science and technology and education investment in GDP, the utilization rate of industrial solid waste disposal, the centralized treatment rate of urban domestic sewage, and the harmless treatment rate of urban domestic waste.

[0057] The data preprocessing also includes: (1) Orthorectification: the process of eliminating geometric distortion of graphics to generate a planar orthophoto image. It can correct the geometric distortion caused by system factors and eliminate the geometric distortion caused by terrain.

[0058] (2) Radiometric calibration: The process of converting sensor data into radiance values. It can also be used to convert data into other related values ​​such as surface reflectance. Radiometric calibration can be divided into absolute calibration and relative calibration.

[0059] (3) Atmospheric correction: To eliminate the influence of atmospheric factors on the emission of ground objects, so as to obtain the true physical model parameters. Atmospheric correction is also the process of inverting the true reflectivity of the ground objects.

[0060] (4) Image stitching and cropping: ENVI's image mosaicking function provides an interactive way to merge multiple images with or without geographic coordinates to generate a single composite image.

[0061] The land use change study includes (1) single land use dynamics: single land use dynamics is used to characterize the change rate of a certain land use type in a certain period of time in the study area, and the expression is:

[0062]

[0063] Where U is the dynamic degree of a certain land use type during the study period;

[0064] Sa, Sb - the area of ​​a certain land use type at the initial and final stages;

[0065] T – time period;

[0066] When T is set as year, U represents the annual change rate of a certain land use type during the study period.

[0067] (2) Comprehensive land use dynamics: It is used to characterize the overall land use change rate in the study area within a certain period of time. The expression is:

[0068]

[0069] Where LC is the comprehensive land use dynamics during the study period;

[0070] LU i ——the area of ​​land use type i in the initial stage;

[0071] ΔLU i-j ——The absolute value of the area of ​​land use type i converted to other land use types during the study period

[0072] n——number of land use types.

[0073] When the period of T is set to years, LC is the annual change rate of land use in the study area.

[0074] (3) Land use map analysis: Land use maps can record the spatiotemporal composite information of land use changes in map units, which are composed of spatial units and temporal units.

[0075] The ecological environment quality evaluation index data processing includes:

[0076] The inverse distance weighted interpolation method obtains the value of the unknown point by weighted averaging the values ​​of the known sample points. The interpolation result obtained by this method is consistent with the actual result.

[0077] Spatial feature analysis should include at least: DEM, slope and aspect spatial feature analysis, spatial distribution of per capita GDP, annual per capita fiscal revenue (10,000 yuan), per capita disposable income of rural residents (10,000 yuan), per capita disposable income of urban residents (10,000 yuan), proportion of tertiary industry in GDP, natural population growth rate, and per capita cultivated land area (mu / person).

[0078] Furthermore, the construction of the hydrodynamic model and debugging thereof further includes:

[0079] Construct the two-dimensional plane water flow continuity equation and the two-dimensional plane water flow momentum equation, use the finite volume method to spatially discretize the above hydrodynamic control equations, and use the first-order form to perform numerical solutions;

[0080] Prepare the boundary data file of the study area, use MIKE Mesh Generator to import the boundary terrain file and perform boundary smoothing, define the import and export and boundaries; use the module's built-in functions to divide the study area into unstructured grid units, generate the initial grid file, and after generating the initial grid, output the topographic map after the water depth difference.

[0081] Further, refer to Figure 2 The construction and analysis of the ecological environment quality evaluation model also includes:

[0082] Calculation of weights for ecological environment evaluation indicators, including data standardization and weight calculation using the entropy weight method;

[0083] Use principal component analysis to conduct comprehensive evaluation, measurement and analysis of ecological environment quality;

[0084] Classify the ecological environment quality into different levels.

[0085] The data standardization calculation mentioned above performs statistical operations on all data and standardizes the data uniformly, which is also called data standardization calculation. First, each indicator is standardized. There are two main standardized indicators: homogeneity and dimensionlessness. After understanding the correlation of the data, the obtained indicator factors are compared with the environment to determine whether the influencing factors have a positive or negative impact on the ecological environment. The two should be treated separately. The article uses the range method to perform standardization calculations. The specific formula is as follows:

[0086] Positive indicator formula:

[0087] Reverse indicator formula:

[0088] The entropy weight method reduces the influence of two subjective factors and can also reduce the mutual influence of information overlap between indicators.

[0089] (1) Standardization of indicators

[0090] According to the above formula, the standardized processing of the ecological environment quality evaluation index in southeast Chongqing is obtained, and the resulting matrix is ​​Y={y ij} m*n

[0091] (2) Calculate the entropy value of indicator data

[0092] The calculation formula for the entropy value ei of the i-th indicator is:

[0093]

[0094] In the formula m is the number of indicators;

[0095] When p ij = 0, p ij ln p ij =0

[0096] (3) Calculate the coefficient of variation

[0097] Calculate the coefficient of difference of the i-th index. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0098] g i =1-e i

[0099] (4) Calculate weight

[0100]

[0101] (5) Calculation of comprehensive index of ecological environment quality

[0102]

[0103] Where ω is the indicator weight;

[0104] Y ij ——Standardized values.

[0105] Further, refer to Figure 3 The debugging of the ecological environment quality evaluation model and the calibration and verification of the results include:

[0106] Based on the research results of hydrodynamic simulation, a water pollution model is constructed, and then the measured values ​​of the monitoring points are compared and analyzed with the simulated values ​​to calibrate and verify the accuracy of the model.

[0107] The constructed water quality model is used to analyze the spatiotemporal variation of water quality and the relationship between flow rate and pollution concentration in the target area when it experiences sudden water pollution.

[0108] The parameters of the hydrodynamic model to be calibrated and verified are mainly water depth, eddy viscosity coefficient, and Manning coefficient;

[0109] The model is verified using the measured water level data in front of the dam.

[0110] The hydrodynamic force is taken as , the bottom friction is taken as 32m1 / 3s, and the eddy viscosity coefficient is taken as 0.28m1 / 3s. The eddy viscosity coefficient uses the Smagorinsky formula, and the bottom friction is expressed as the Manning coefficient.

[0111]

[0112] Where: C S is a constant;

[0113] l 2 is the characteristic length;

[0114] S ij is the deformation rate.

[0115]

[0116] Where:

[0117] ρ0——density of water

[0118] g - acceleration due to gravity

[0119] M——The reciprocal of Manning number

[0120] h——total water depth

[0121] ——Near-bed velocity

[0122] Further, refer to Figure 4 The aforementioned analysis of ecological environment quality barriers and formulation of ecological restoration strategies also include:

[0123] Build an ecological environment barrier model;

[0124] Obtain the calculation results of ecological environment obstacle degree;

[0125] A complex ecosystem is used to treat discharged pollutants, using physical sedimentation and biological treatment methods for in-situ remediation. The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for dynamic monitoring of ecological environment based on remote sensing and geographic information system, characterized in that: include: Complete the construction of the ecological environment indicator system and data processing; The completion of the construction of the ecological environment indicator system and data preprocessing also includes: Using RS and GIS to study the regional ecological environment quality, the model was used to construct an ecological environment quality evaluation system, including statistical data of 24 indicators including natural, social and economic factors; The "Pressure-State-Response" (PSR) model was selected as the overall evaluation index system for the regional ecological environment. Based on the three systems of pressure, state, and response, 20 ecological environment quality evaluation index factors were selected according to the index selection principles. The selection of ecological environment quality evaluation indicators includes ecological environment quality pressure system indicators, ecological environment quality status system indicators, and ecological environment quality response system indicators; The data processing includes data preprocessing; The data preprocessing includes completing orthorectification, radiation correction, atmospheric correction, splicing and cropping of remote sensing images with the support of remote sensing software ENVI5.3 and ArcGIS10.3, and classifying remote sensing images using the maximum likelihood method. The data processing also includes land use data classification and processing, meteorological data extraction and processing, land use change research, land use spatial structure change analysis, land use dynamic change analysis, land use information map change analysis, and ecological environment quality evaluation index data processing; Build and debug the hydrodynamic model; Implementing the construction and analysis of an ecological environment quality evaluation model; said implementation of the construction and analysis of an ecological environment quality evaluation model also includes: Calculation of weights for ecological environment evaluation indicators, including data standardization and weight calculation using the entropy weight method; Use principal component analysis to conduct comprehensive evaluation, measurement and analysis of ecological environment quality; Classify the quality of the ecological environment; Debug the ecological environment quality assessment model and calibrate and verify the results; Conduct obstacle analysis on ecological environment quality and formulate ecological restoration strategies.

2. The method for dynamic monitoring of ecological environment based on remote sensing and geographic information system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The construction of the hydrodynamic model and debugging also include: Construct the two-dimensional plane water flow continuity equation and the two-dimensional plane water flow momentum equation, use the finite volume method to spatially discretize the above hydrodynamic control equations, and use the first-order form to perform numerical solutions; Prepare the boundary data file of the study area, use MIKE Mesh Generator to import the boundary terrain file and perform boundary smoothing, define the import and export as well as the boundary; use the module's built-in functions to divide the study area into unstructured grid units, generate the initial grid file, and after generating the initial grid, output the topographic map after the water depth difference.

3. The method for dynamic monitoring of ecological environment based on remote sensing and geographic information system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The debugging of the ecological environment quality assessment model and the calibration and verification of the results include: Based on the research results of hydrodynamic simulation, a water pollution model is constructed, and then the measured values ​​of the monitoring points are compared and analyzed with the simulated values ​​to calibrate and verify the accuracy of the model. The constructed water quality model is used to analyze the spatiotemporal variation of water quality and the relationship between flow rate and pollution concentration in the target area when it experiences sudden water pollution. The parameters of the hydrodynamic model to be calibrated and verified are mainly water depth, eddy viscosity coefficient, and Manning coefficient; The model is verified using the measured water level data in front of the dam.

4. The method for dynamic monitoring of ecological environment based on remote sensing and geographic information system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aforementioned analysis of ecological environment quality barriers and formulation of ecological restoration strategies also include: Build an ecological environment barrier model; Obtain the calculation results of ecological environment obstacle degree; A complex ecosystem is used to treat discharged pollutants, and physical sedimentation and biological treatment methods are used for in-situ remediation.

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