Electrophoretic and electroblotting apparatus, systems and methods

Abstract

The present invention provides systems for gel electrophoresis and electroblotting, comprising one or more chambers that can detachably and interchangeably receive an electrophoresis cassette or an electroblotting cassette, and provide an electrical interface for both electrophoresis and electroblotting of biological molecules. The present invention also provides electrophoresis apparatuses comprising a clamp and an electroblotting cassette, and related apparatuses. Methods for performing electrophoresis and electroblotting using the systems and apparatuses of the present invention are also provided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention generally relates to systems capable of performing both electrophoresis and electrotransfer of biomolecules. The invention further relates to electrophoresis systems, electrophoresis apparatuses, electrotransfer systems, and electrotransfer apparatuses. Methods for performing electrophoresis and electrotransfer using these systems and apparatuses are also described. Background Technology

[0002] Electrophoresis is a common method for separating biological molecules (biomolecules) based on their size and charge, such as nucleic acids, DNA, RNA, peptides, and proteins. In gel electrophoresis, biomolecules are separated into bands by an electric field, which causes the molecules to migrate through a filter matrix. Typical filter matrices include gels. Electrophoresis chambers consist of strips of filter matrix (such as gels) sandwiched between two glass or plastic plates. Gels have an open molecular network structure that defines pores saturated with a conductive buffer solution containing salts. These pores are large enough that biomolecules can migrate through the gel in response to an electric field. Several types of gels can be used for electrophoresis, such as, but not limited to, polyacrylamide gels, agarose gels, and starch gels.

[0003] During electrophoresis, a gel (in a pre-cast or self-cast electrophoresis chamber) typically contains a sample containing biomolecules and tracer dyes and is placed in a chamber with a cathode and an anode in contact with a buffer solution, allowing an electric field to be generated across the gel when a power source is connected. This generated electric field, composed of a negative charge at one end and a positive charge at the other, is applied across the gel, causing the sample biomolecules and tracer dyes to separate from each other and migrate towards the bottom of the gel. Electrophoresis stops before the relevant biomolecules reach the ends of the gel.

[0004] Electrophoretically separated biomolecules are typically transferred from the separation gel to another material for further analysis, such as, but not limited to, immunological characterization, chemical reactions, and quantification. Electroblotting or electrotransfer is a method known in the art for transferring resolved or separated biomolecules from a gel to another material. 。

[0005] In electrotransfer, after the biomolecules are separated by electrophoresis, the electrophoretic gel containing the separated biomolecules is placed in contact with a relatively thin material or carrier. This material is typically porous, such as, but not limited to, nitrocellulose-based membranes, PVDF-based membranes, activated paper, activated nylon membranes, etc. A buffer is added to the electrotransfer apparatus, and an electric current is passed through the gel and the imprinted membrane sandwiched in between in a direction generally perpendicular to the surface of the transfer membrane. This causes some or most of the biomolecules to be electrophoretically transferred from the gel to the porous material.

[0006] Existing electrophoresis or electrotransfer systems, apparatus, and methods require separate systems and apparatus for each procedure. For example, for electrophoresis, gel cartridges, gel containers holding the gel cartridges and electrophoresis buffer, and electrodes supporting electrical connections are some of the multiple independent pieces of equipment required. For electrotransfer, electrotransfer stacks, electrodes, containers holding the stacks and electrotransfer buffer, and electrical connections are required. Each procedure has multiple time-consuming steps, requiring different sets of equipment. Furthermore, existing electrophoresis systems often suffer from problems with the use of large amounts of buffer, such as buffer overflows and / or buffer spills and / or leaks from the anolyte and catholyte buffer reservoirs. Wet electrotransfer systems in the art also have similar problems, including buffer overflows, and / or buffer leaks during assembly and operation, and the use and waste of large amounts of buffer during stack assembly. Wet electrotransfer systems also frequently generate large amounts of hazardous waste, such as waste transfer buffers that typically contain methanol or other hazardous substances. 。 There is a need in the art for better gel electrophoresis and electrotransfer apparatus, systems and methods. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The systems, apparatuses, and methods described herein address several problems in the art. In some embodiments, the systems, apparatuses, and methods described herein address problems in the art by providing a single system usable for both gel electrophoresis and electrotransfer. In some embodiments, the systems, apparatuses, and methods described herein address problems in the art by providing leak-free gel electrophoresis and / or electrotransfer apparatuses and systems. In some embodiments, the systems, apparatuses, and methods described herein address problems in the art by providing increased throughput, lower buffer volume requirements, and reduced volume of liquid hazardous waste for electrophoresis and / or electrotransfer.

[0008] In one embodiment, a system for gel electrophoresis and electrotransfer includes at least one chamber, a compartment, a container, or a component that can detachably and interchangeably receive an electrophoresis cartridge or an electrotransfer cartridge and provide an electrical interface for both electrophoresis and electrotransfer of biomolecules.

[0009] In one embodiment, the system has at least two chambers to allow for the parallel processing of biomolecules on two or more gel or transfer membranes for electrophoresis and / or electrotransfer.

[0010] In some embodiments, the system of the present invention may include two or more chambers to enable multiple gels / matrixes / membranes / materials to be simultaneously electrophoretically separated and / or simultaneously electrotransferred.

[0011] While most embodiments of the invention are described with reference to a non-limiting example of two chambers, the teachings can be extended to one chamber or more than two chambers placed adjacent to each other to increase throughput. In some embodiments, at least two chambers in the system of the invention may be arranged back-to-back, side-by-side, or adjacent to each other, or arranged in series, or adjacent to each other, or placed adjacent to each other, or stacked, or one vertically stacked on top of the other, or joined diagonally, or one chamber on top of another chamber, with the other chamber vertically stacked and staggered behind another chamber, and / or one or two chambers are tilted relative to each other at an angle.

[0012] Some embodiments describe gel electrophoresis cassettes and clamping systems that can be placed in the system of the present invention, wherein the system can perform gel electrophoresis and electrotransfer. Some embodiments describe various electrotransfer cassettes that can be placed in the system of the present invention, wherein the system can perform both gel electrophoresis and electrotransfer.

[0013] The systems, apparatus, cartridges, and methods of the present invention advantageously produce one or more of the foregoing: including: a system for electrophoresis and electrotransfer; the ability to simultaneously perform high-throughput electrophoresis and / or biomolecular electrotransfer in two or more gels or transfer membranes; and, compared to existing systems and apparatuses for electrophoresis and electrotransfer, reductions in the number of devices or components, cost, accessories, required equipment footprint, storage space, buffer overflow, leakage, or no overflow of buffers, reduction in buffer usage, and reduction in liquid hazardous waste. Compared to some existing apparatuses and systems for electrophoresis or electrotransfer, the systems and apparatuses of the present invention reduce preparation work by eliminating the need for cooling buffers or freezing ice packs to lower the temperature during use. In some embodiments, the apparatuses and systems of the present invention use lower voltages and power.

[0014] In one embodiment, the invention describes a system comprising at least one chamber or compartment configured to receive an electrophoresis cartridge or an electrotransfer cartridge. The system further includes electrodes and electrical connectors connectable to a power source to provide electrical connectivity with the chamber for facilitating electrophoresis or electrotransfer within the electrophoresis cartridge or electrotransfer cartridge placed within the chamber.

[0015] In some embodiments, the system of the present invention includes at least two chambers, wherein each chamber is independently configured to receive an electrophoresis box or electrotransfer box, a first electrode, and a second electrode.

[0016] In some embodiments, the system of the present invention includes: at least two chambers, each chamber independently configured to receive an electrophoresis box or an electrotransfer box; a first electrode; and a second electrode, wherein the electrode has an electrical interface that can be connected to an external power source or an internal power source. In some embodiments, the first electrode and the second electrode have interfaces in each chamber such that each chamber has an anode and a cathode.

[0017] In some embodiments, the first electrode spans two chambers or has an interface that spans two chambers and is configured to make electrical contact with an electrical interface located on the electrotransfer cartridge. In some embodiments, the first electrode has an electrical extension that enters each chamber and serves as an anode during electrophoresis.

[0018] In some embodiments, the second electrode has an extension configured to contact a second electrode interface located on the electrotransfer cartridge. In some embodiments, the second electrode spans two chambers or has an interface spanning two chambers and configured to electrically contact an electrical interface located on the electrotransfer cartridge. In some embodiments, the second electrode has an extension serving as a cathode in each chamber during electrophoresis.

[0019] In some embodiments, the first electrode is an anode and the second electrode is a cathode.

[0020] In some embodiments, the first electrode spans two chambers or is a component or electrode interface located in each chamber of the system of the present invention. In some embodiments, the second electrode spans two chambers or is a component or electrode interface located in each chamber of the system of the present invention.

[0021] In some embodiments of the system of the present invention, a first electrode (including its interface and components) is connected to a common first electrode node and a second electrode (including its interface and components) is connected to a common second electrode node. In some embodiments, the first electrode node and the second electrode node are located on a portion of the chamber or system configured to be electrically connected to a power source.

[0022] In some embodiments, the first electrode node and the second electrode node are located on the portion of the chamber or system that contacts the cap configured to cover the system.

[0023] In some embodiments, the system of the present invention may additionally include a cap configured to cover at least one or more chambers or compartments. In one embodiment, the cap of the system of the present invention includes: an electrical connector detachably connected to a power source; and one or more electrical contacts configured to electrically connect to chamber electrodes when the cap is placed on the device to ensure circuitry integrity within the chambers or compartments, thereby facilitating electrophoresis and / or electrotransfer. Electrodes in at least one chamber are also configured to electrically connect to an electrical interface of the electrotransfer cartridge of the present invention.

[0024] In some embodiments, the system cover may include an electrical connector detachably connected to a power source, the power source including one or more cables and / or one or more plugs pluggable into the power source. An external power source is typically used with the system of the present invention. However, the system of the present invention may also include an internal power source.

[0025] In some embodiments, the system cap includes mechanical features that interact with complementary mechanical features on the top of the chamber, such that electrical contacts on the cap are oriented to a first electrode node and a second electrode node, an orientation that prevents electrode reversal during system use. In some embodiments, the cap includes mechanical features such as grooves that engage with a user's finger to allow easy removal of the cap.

[0026] In some embodiments, the system's cap includes color-coded features that are operable to align and cover the chamber to allow the cap's electrical contacts to connect with corresponding first and second electrode nodes, an alignment that prevents electrode reversal during use.

[0027] In some embodiments, the system cap may include at least one feature such as one or more cable hooks that allow cables to be wound around the cap and held securely during storage. In some embodiments, the system cap has one or more vents that allow buffer vapors to escape during electrophoresis or electrotransfer. In some embodiments, the cap is made of a transparent or translucent material, which allows visibility during use to check if the setup is correct and to assess performance.

[0028] In some embodiments, when the cap is used with an electrophoresis system, mechanical features (such as ridges or grooves) on the underside of the cap allow the cap to engage with the chamber only when the cam handle (used to secure the electrophoresis gel cartridge to the system) is locked.

[0029] In one embodiment, the invention describes a system comprising: at least two chambers, each independently configured to receive an electrophoresis cartridge or an electrotransfer cartridge; three electrodes; and a cover configured to cover the chambers, the cover including an electrical connector detachably connected to a power source; and one or more electrical contacts configured to electrically connect to the electrodes when the cover is placed over the two chambers to ensure circuitry integrity for each of the two chambers. In some embodiments of the system, the three electrodes include a first electrode spanning the two chambers and a second electrode located in each chamber. In some embodiments, the cover includes at least two electrical contacts configured to electrically connect to the first and second electrodes when the cover is placed over the two chambers to ensure circuitry integrity for each of the two chambers.

[0030] In some embodiments, at least two chambers of the system of the present invention are separated by at least one common surface between them. Non-limiting examples of a common surface between the chambers include a wall between at least a portion of the two chambers, a partition between at least a portion of the two chambers, a common connector, etc. In some embodiments, at least two chambers are separated by a space between the two chambers. In some embodiments, at least two chambers are separated by a common surface and a space between at least two chambers.

[0031] Each chamber has at least a first inner surface and a second inner surface. Additional inner surfaces may be present. In some embodiments, the system of the present invention may further include a gasket adjacent to or positioned on a portion of one of the inner surfaces of the chamber. In some embodiments, the system of the present invention may further include a gasket adjacent to or positioned on a portion of the first inner surface. Typically, a three-sided gasket is used, which in non-limiting examples may be a C-shaped gasket or a U-shaped gasket. Alternatively, a double-sided gasket or a four-sided gasket may also be used.

[0032] In embodiments of the system of the present invention or at least one chamber thereof used for electrophoresis, one or two electrophoresis cartridges may be placed into a chamber or compartment of the system. In some embodiments, the electrophoresis cartridge used in the system of the present invention comprises two parallel plates with a gel sealed between the two plates. Each chamber or compartment of the system of the present invention is configured to independently receive an electrophoresis cartridge and is further configured to independently receive a clamping or securing mechanism operable to hold the electrophoresis cartridge in one or more chambers / compartments. In some embodiments, the clamping mechanism of the present invention is operable to clamp the electrophoresis cartridge to an inner surface of a chamber / compartment. In some embodiments, the clamping mechanism of the present invention is operable to clamp the electrophoresis cartridge to a sealing mechanism (such as a gasket), or a clamping or securing mechanism inside a chamber / compartment. In some embodiments, a gasket is placed on at least a portion of the inner surface of a chamber / compartment of the system of the present invention. Typically, a three-sided gasket is used, which may be a C-shaped gasket or a U-shaped gasket in a non-limiting example. Alternatively, a double-sided gasket or a four-sided gasket may also be used.

[0033] In some embodiments, the present invention provides a system for performing gel electrophoresis, the system comprising: a base including at least two chambers, each chamber configured to independently receive an electrophoresis cartridge including two parallel plates for sealing the gel, each chamber configured to independently receive a clamp for securing the electrophoresis cartridge to a surface of each chamber; a single first electrode spanning the two chambers, each chamber having a separate second electrode connected at a common electrode node; a removable cap providing electrical connection to a power source; and a cap having an electrical connector to ensure circuitry between the chamber electrodes when positioned over the base. In one embodiment, the system for electrophoresis of the present invention includes one electrophoresis cartridge. In one embodiment, the system for electrophoresis of the present invention includes two electrophoresis cartridges.

[0034] In some embodiments, the first electrode of the chamber further includes a wire extending along the bottom of each chamber to allow current to flow through the chamber for electrophoresis. In some embodiments, when the electrophoresis chamber is placed in one or both chambers, the wire extending along the bottom of each chamber serves as the anode during electrophoresis. The wire is made of any conductive material, such as, but not limited to, platinum, gold, silver, copper, palladium, steel, stainless steel, iridium, conductive plastic, or any coated conductive material.

[0035] Embodiments of the present invention relate to a clamp for securing an electrophoresis cartridge to a surface. In one embodiment, the clamp of the present invention includes: a cam plate having a flat surface and two projecting ridges, both the two projecting ridges and two projecting edges being located on a first side of the flat surface, the projecting ridges of the cam plate being configured to be positioned adjacent to and in contact with an edge of a first plate of the electrophoresis cartridge; two independently movable cam handles operable to move forward toward the cam plate or backward away from the cam plate, the two cam handles being attached to the cam plate via bolts located on the cam plate, wherein moving the cam handles forward toward the cam plate secures the electrophoresis cartridge to the surface, and wherein moving the cam handles backward away from the cam plate releases the electrophoresis cartridge from the surface. The two projecting edges, positioned perpendicular to the flat surface of the cam plate facing the electrophoresis cartridge, are positioned adjacent to the cam handles and provide guidance for the placement of the electrophoresis cartridge. Optionally, the cam plate may also have two additional protrusions located on a second side of the flat surface of the cam plate, the two additional protrusions projecting at the edge of the cam plate in a plane perpendicular to the flat surface of the cam plate facing away from the electrophoresis cartridge.

[0036] In another embodiment, the clamp of the present invention includes: a cam plate having a flat surface and two protruding ridges, the protruding ridges of the cam plate being positioned adjacent to and in contact with the edge of a first plate of the electrophoresis box; and two independently movable cam handles operable to move forward toward the cam plate or backward away from the cam plate, the two cam handles being attached to the cam plate via bolts located on the cam plate, wherein moving the cam handles forward toward the cam plate secures the electrophoresis box to the surface, and wherein moving the cam handles backward away from the cam plate releases the electrophoresis box from the surface.

[0037] In some embodiments, the cam handle of the clamp of the present invention can move within a range of motion from 0 degrees to 180 degrees. In some embodiments, the cam handle of the clamp of the present invention can move within a range of motion from 0 degrees to 45 degrees.

[0038] In some embodiments, the clamp of the present invention includes a plurality of protrusions on the bottom side of the flat surface of the cam plate. In some embodiments, the clamp of the present invention includes a plurality of protrusions on the bottom side of the flat surface of the cam plate facing the gel box. The number of protrusions may vary. In some non-limiting exemplary embodiments, 1 One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten bumps, etc., are located on the bottom side of the flat surface of the cam plate facing the gel cassette. The shape and size of the bumps can vary. In some embodiments, the bumps are configured to distribute pressure on all portions of the gel cassette plate at the bottom to prevent warping or bending of the gel cassette during electrophoresis and / or when the gel cassette is fixed for electrophoresis. In some embodiments, the bumps allow free circulation of buffer ions at the bottom of the cassette.

[0039] In some embodiments, the surface on which the clamp of the present invention holds or secures the electrophoresis box is a surface on a portion or part of the electrophoresis tank. In some embodiments, the surface on which the clamp of the present invention holds or secures the electrophoresis box is a surface on a portion or part of the system of the present invention on which both electrophoresis and / or electrotransfer can be performed.

[0040] In some embodiments, the surface on which the clamp of the present invention holds or secures the electrophoresis box is a gasket located on a portion or part of the electrophoresis tank or on a wall or surface, or a gasket located on a portion or part of the system of the present invention capable of performing both electrophoresis and / or electrotransfer.

[0041] The clamping mechanism or clamp of the present invention creates or forms a liquid-impermeable seal between the electrophoresis cartridge and the gasket in the chamber / compartment of the system. In some embodiments, clamping the electrophoresis cartridge into the chamber or compartment of the system of the present invention results in the formation of two fluidly spaced sub-chambers / sub-compartments within the chamber or compartment. In some embodiments, a first sub-chamber / sub-compartment is formed between a portion of the first inner surface of the chamber / compartment, a portion of the gasket, and a plate of the electrophoresis cartridge facing the first inner surface of the chamber of the system in which the electrophoresis cartridge and clamp are placed. In some embodiments, a portion of the gasket forming the first sub-chamber includes three sides of the gasket and may include a left side and a right side and a bottom side of the gasket. In some embodiments, a second sub-chamber / sub-compartment is formed between the left and right sides of the gel cartridge, a side of the gel cartridge facing the second inner surface, and the remainder of the chamber of the system in which the electrophoresis cartridge and clamp are placed.

[0042] The sub-chambers or sub-compartments thus formed during system use can be filled with buffer solutions for electrophoresis and can be used as a first buffer reservoir and a second buffer reservoir.

[0043] In some embodiments, a first buffer reservoir is formed between a portion of the first inner surface of the chamber / compartment, a portion of the gasket, and the plate of the electrophoresis cartridge facing the first inner surface of the chamber into which the electrophoresis cartridge and clamp are placed. In some embodiments, a second buffer reservoir is formed between the left and right sides of the gel cartridge, the gel cartridge plate / side facing the second inner surface, and the remainder of the chamber into which the electrophoresis cartridge and clamp are placed.

[0044] The system of the present invention is not limited to any size and can be scaled up or down to accommodate electrophoresis or electrotransfer cartridges of any size. For example, the electrophoresis cartridges that can be used may include one or more micro gel cartridges, medium gel cartridges, or large gel cartridges. In other non-limiting examples, each chamber of the system of the present invention can hold a volume of electrophoresis buffer of approximately 30 ml to 5 liters.

[0045] In some embodiments of the system of the present invention, one or two chambers of the system have an electrophoresis box and a clamp. In some embodiments of the system of the present invention, one or two chambers of the system have an electrotransfer box.

[0046] In some embodiments of the system of the present invention, one chamber of the system has an electrophoresis box and a clamp, and another chamber of the system has an electrotransfer box.

[0047] Embodiments of the present invention relate to an electrical transfer cartridge. In one embodiment, the electrical transfer cartridge of the present invention includes: two plates (or shells) reversibly or permanently joined by at least one engagement mechanism to allow the two plates to move between an open position and a closed position; a locking mechanism for locking the two plates in a closed position; a sealing mechanism operable to seal the two plates in the closed position to form a liquid-impermeable seal on at least three sides; a second plate configured to receive components of a transfer stack on its inner sides, and the outer sides of the first and second plates include at least one electrical interface, each of which is connected to an electrode located on the inner side of each plate.

[0048] In one embodiment where a liquid-impermeable seal is formed on three sides of the electrotransfer cartridge, the three sides are the bottom side, left side, and right side of the cartridge. In some embodiments, a liquid-impermeable seal is formed on all four sides of the electrotransfer cartridge.

[0049] In some embodiments, the engagement mechanism of the electrotransfer box includes one or more of the following: hinges; multiple hinges; disconnected hinges; clamps; one or more hooks; one or more clamps; mechanical components on the two plates (or shells) that are slidable and interlocking to bond, glue, bond, or weld the two plates together; a linkage design connecting the two plates with a flexible material; or an external element for engaging the two plates. In some embodiments, the engagement mechanism is a reversible engagement mechanism or a permanent engagement mechanism. A permanent engagement mechanism allows the two plates to remain together as a single component. This is advantageous to the user because it provides fewer components and / or allows for easier closure of the plates since alignment is not required before closure. A reversible engagement mechanism allows for two separate shells.

[0050] In some embodiments, the electrodes located inside the two plates of the electrotransfer cartridge of the present invention are plate electrodes embedded in or placed on the inner surface of each plate. In alternative embodiments, the electrodes located inside the two plates of the electrotransfer cartridge can be wire electrodes, wire mesh electrodes, or rod electrodes. These electrodes can be made of conductive materials, such as, but not limited to, steel, stainless steel, copper, platinum, palladium, iridium, titanium, conductive coating materials, conductive plastics, etc. 。

[0051] In some embodiments, the external electrical interface of the plate electrode can be a spring, electrode node, bracket, pin, plug, or any design that allows electrical contact, such as an electroplating interface for the electrode. The external electrical interface is configured to be physically or electrically connected to the electrode or electrode extension having an electrical connection to a power source. The electrode or electrode extension can be included in a system of the present invention capable of performing both electrophoresis and / or electrotransfer. The electrode or electrode extension can be included in any system capable of performing electrotransfer.

[0052] In one embodiment, in the system of the present invention, a first electrode spanning two chambers is configured to contact a first electrode interface on an electrical transfer cartridge that can be placed in one or more chambers. In some embodiments, the first electrode interface of the electrical transfer cartridge is an anode interface.

[0053] In some embodiments, the second electrode of the chamber / compartment of the present invention has extensions configured to contact a second electrode interface on an electrical transfer cartridge that can be placed in one or more chambers. In some embodiments, the second electrode interface of the electrical transfer cartridge is a cathode interface.

[0054] Non-limiting examples of electrode interfaces in the systems, boxes, devices and other components of the present invention may include springs, nodes, adapters, plugs, connectors, plugs and pins.

[0055] In some embodiments, the locking mechanism of the electrotransfer cartridge of the present invention includes a slider. In some embodiments, the slider includes: a strip wound around a portion of the width of the outer side of a first plate; a lateral extension of the strip further wound around a portion of the depth of the outer side of the first plate; and an element operable to reversibly engage with a portion on the outer side of a second plate to form a lock between the first and second plates upon engagement. In some embodiments, when the two plates are closed, the slider of the electrotransfer cartridge of the present invention aligns with corresponding elements on the second plate, which are operable to slide to form a lock.

[0056] In some embodiments, the locking mechanism may be a slider that can be attached to one of the plates via one or more mounting features. In some embodiments, the slider may have mating mounting features that are operable and permanently or reversibly attach the slider to the plate. In some embodiments, the locking mechanism may be a slider located on one plate, wherein a mechanical mating feature on the slider can mate with a corresponding mechanical feature located on another plate. Matching features are typically located on both sides of each plate.

[0057] In some embodiments, the locking mechanism may be a clamp on one plate and a clamp closure on another plate. The clamping mechanism is typically attached to one plate via mounting features. The clamp typically has mating mounting features that allow the clamp to be attached to another plate. Several mounting features may be used, such as bolt holes, etc.

[0058] In some embodiments, the sealing mechanism of the electrotransfer cartridge of the present invention includes at least one slider. In one exemplary embodiment, when the two plates are closed, the slider (as described above) moves in a direction toward the top of the plate to form a locking and liquid-impermeable seal on at least three sides of the electrotransfer cartridge. In one exemplary embodiment, when the two plates are closed, the slider moves in a direction toward the bottom of the plate to form a locking and liquid-impermeable seal on at least three sides of the electrotransfer cartridge. In one example embodiment, when the two plates are closed, the slider located on one side of the closed plate moves up or down to form a locking and liquid-impermeable seal on at least three sides of the electrotransfer cartridge. In some embodiments, liquid-impermeable seals may be formed on all four sides of the electrotransfer cartridge. The formation of the liquid-impermeable seal (or liquid-tight seal) creates or forms a liquid reservoir inside the electrotransfer cartridge. In some embodiments, the sealing mechanism of the electrotransfer cartridge of the present invention may additionally include a gasket placed on one of the two plates of the electrotransfer cartridge.

[0059] In some embodiments, a lip or protrusion may be located on either the first or second plate. The lip or opening allows for easy dispensing of liquid into or out of the electrotransfer cartridge. The lip or protrusion may also provide additional structural support to the cartridge. In some embodiments, the second plate has a lip, protrusion, or opening on its top side that is operable to dispense liquid (such as transfer buffer) into the electrotransfer cartridge after sealing the other three sides, or to pour liquid out of the cartridge after electrotransfer is complete. The electrotransfer cartridge may have visual markings, such as fill lines or other indicators, inside the liquid reservoir to indicate the amount of liquid (such as electrotransfer buffer) the user wishes to fill.

[0060] In some embodiments, the electrotransfer cassette of the present invention further includes elements providing a support structure located outside or inside the first or second plate. In some embodiments, the support structure of the electrotransfer cassette of the present invention may be located outside the cassette. In a non-limiting example, the support structure may reduce or prevent warping or bending of the first plate. In a non-limiting exemplary embodiment, the support structure may include one or more ribs, one or more ridges, one or more grooves, one or more protrusions, concave-convex structures, one or more reinforcing elements that may be externally added or combined with plates, bumps, inserts, supports, or other elements located in the electrotransfer system to provide support and / or rigidity for the electrode plates of the electrotransfer cassette. In some embodiments, one or more support structures allow the two electrode plates to be parallel to each other, which allows for a uniform electric field for the efficient transfer of biomolecules during electrotransfer.

[0061] In some embodiments, the support structure allows the second plate to rest at an angle. In some embodiments, the angle caused by the support structure provides ergonomic advantages for assembling and / or viewing the transfer stack. In some embodiments, the angle of the support structure allows the second plate to contain a volume of transfer buffer, which helps keep the transfer stack hydrated throughout the assembly process. In some embodiments, the angle of the support structure reduces buffer overflow during the assembly of the transfer stack onto the second plate.

[0062] In some embodiments, the electrotransfer cartridge of the present invention is configured to be placed in a system in which both electrophoresis and / or electrotransfer can be performed. In some embodiments, the electrotransfer cartridge of the present invention is configured to be placed in any system in which electrotransfer can be performed. In some embodiments, the electrotransfer cartridge is located in the electrotransfer system after being locked and sealed.

[0063] In a non-limiting example, the electrotransfer cassette that can be used may include a cassette that can be used to simultaneously transfer biomolecules from one or more microgel cassettes, one or more medium-sized gel cassettes, one or more large gel cassettes to one or more electrotransfer membranes.

[0064] In some embodiments, during use, the liquid reservoir of the closed and sealed electrotransfer cartridge of the present invention is filled with buffer solution and placed in the chamber of the system of the present invention capable of performing both electrophoresis and / or electrotransfer, and the cap of the system is placed on the chamber and connected to a power source to complete the circuitry of the electrotransfer cartridge system. In some embodiments, during use, the buffer solution is not filled in the liquid reservoir prior to electrotransfer.

[0065] In some embodiments, the present invention provides a system for performing electrotransfer, the system comprising: at least two chambers; a single first electrode spanning the two chambers of a base and connected to a first electrode node located on a top side of the base; a second electrode located in each chamber, the two second electrodes being connected at a common second electrode node located on the top side of the base, each chamber being configured to independently receive an electrotransfer cartridge, the electrotransfer cartridge comprising: two plates engaged by a engagement mechanism configured to allow movement of the two plates from an open position and a closed position; a locking mechanism operable to lock the two plates; and a sealing mechanism. The structure is operable to achieve a liquid-impermeable seal on at least three sides of the electrotransfer cartridge; a second plate configured to receive components of the transfer stack on its inner sides, wherein the outer sides of the first and second plates each include at least one electrical connector connected to an electrode located inside each plate, the electrical connectors on the first and second plates being in electrical contact with a first and a second electrode of the chamber; and a removable cover covering the chamber, the cover providing electrical connection to a power source, and the cover having an electrical connector that electrically connects to the electrical connectors of the electrotransfer cartridge to complete the circuitry when the electrotransfer cartridge is placed in the base and the cover covers the base. In some embodiments, a locking mechanism includes a slider operable to lock (or clamp or bias) the two plates in a closed position. In some embodiments, a sealing mechanism includes a slider that seals the two plates in a closed position to form a liquid-impermeable seal on at least three sides. In some embodiments, the sealing mechanism further includes at least one gasket located on at least one of the two plates. In one embodiment, the system for electrotransfer of the present invention includes an electrotransfer cartridge. In one embodiment, the system for electrical transfer of the present invention includes two electrical transfer boxes.

[0066] Embodiments of the present invention relate to methods for performing gel electrophoresis or electrotransfer using the apparatus and systems described herein.

[0067] In some embodiments, a method of performing gel electrophoresis includes: obtaining an electrophoresis cartridge containing a gel; removing a gel comb from the electrophoresis cartridge; optionally rinsing the wells with water or running buffer; placing the electrophoresis cartridge into at least one chamber of the system of the present invention; placing the clamp of the present invention into the chamber and clamping the gel cartridge onto a portion of the surface of the chamber; pouring electrophoresis buffer into a first buffer reservoir; pouring electrophoresis buffer into a second buffer reservoir; loading samples and controls into the wells; connecting the system's electrode nodes / interfaces / connectors (which are electrically connected to the electrodes of the chambers) to a power source; selecting the voltage and time on the power supply unit; and performing electrophoresis on the samples and controls.

[0068] In some embodiments of the method, the gel box is placed adjacent to a gasket present on the wall of at least one chamber. In some embodiments, the clamping step includes moving the cam handle of the clamp of the present invention toward the gel box to lock them in place.

[0069] In some embodiments, where the system of the present invention has a cover, the step of connecting the electrode nodes / interfaces / connectors in the system to a power source includes: placing the cover onto the system such that the cover electrical connector is connected to the system electrode interface / node / connector with the correct polarity; and connecting the plug in the cover to the power source.

[0070] The present invention also provides an electrotransfer cartridge and an electrotransfer system. In some embodiments, the gel used for the electrotransfer of biomolecules from a gel to a transfer membrane is a gel that operates in any electrophoresis system. In other embodiments, the gel used in the electrotransfer method of the present invention can be a gel that operates in an electrophoresis system, as described above.

[0071] In some embodiments, the gel on which electrophoresis has been performed to resolve biomolecules is first removed from the electrophoresis chamber. This typically involves prying or breaking open the electrophoresis chamber with a gel scalpel and removing the gel before assembling the transfer stack. The transfer stack typically comprises a sponge and one or more layers of filter paper (and / or other porous / gel-like material soaked in electrotransfer buffer), followed by a gel on which the biomolecules resolved by electrophoresis are placed, followed by a transfer membrane (typically nitrocellulose, PVDF, or any porous material), another stack of one or more layers of filter paper soaked in electrotransfer buffer, and another sponge. This stack can be assembled onto a plate of the electrotransfer chamber. Typically, the plate in an electrotransfer chamber with a cathode is the plate on top of the stack. In some embodiments of the invention, the tray of the invention is designed to place the electrotransfer chamber in the open position and assemble the transfer stack. The tray of the invention is designed to contain excess buffer and prevent spills and contamination on lab benches and tables, and provides a container to soak consumables in buffer prior to transfer.

[0072] In one embodiment, a method for performing electrotransfer of biomolecules includes: obtaining a gel to which biomolecules are separated by electrophoresis; assembling a transfer stack onto a second plate of the electrotransfer cartridge of the present invention, including placing transfer material on top of the gel and further placing filter paper and a sponge above and below the transfer material and the gel stack; closing a first plate of the electrotransfer cartridge onto the second plate; locking and sealing the electrotransfer cartridge on at least three sides by a locking and sealing mechanism on the electrotransfer cartridge; placing the electrotransfer cartridge into at least one chamber of a system of the present invention capable of performing electrotransfer and electrophoresis; connecting electrical connectors / nodes / interfaces on the system to a power source; selecting a transfer voltage and runtime on the power source; and performing electrotransfer of biomolecules from the gel to the transfer material.

[0073] In one embodiment, locking and sealing are achieved by sliding a slider on the electrotransfer cartridge to lock and seal the electrotransfer cartridge. In one embodiment, locking and sealing are achieved by clamping a fixture onto the electrotransfer cartridge to lock and seal the electrotransfer cartridge. In one embodiment, sealing is achieved by a gasket located on at least one of the two plates of the electrotransfer cartridge. The gasket may be a three-sided gasket or a four-sided gasket.

[0074] In some embodiments, the seal forms a liquid-impermeable seal. In some embodiments, a liquid-impermeable seal is formed on at least three sides of the electrotransfer cartridge. In one embodiment, placing the electrotransfer cartridge into the chamber of the system of the present invention includes: making the electrotransfer cartridge upright such that the engaging side (hinge / hook side) is at the bottom of the system, while the unsealed fourth side is at the top. At this stage, the method may optionally include pouring electrotransfer buffer into an opening at the top of the electrotransfer cartridge. In some embodiments, it is not necessary to pour additional electrotransfer buffer into the electrotransfer cartridge because the transfer stack has sufficient buffer. In embodiments where the system of the present invention has a cap, the step of connecting the electrical connectors of the system to a power source includes: placing the cap onto the chamber such that the cap electrical connectors are connected to the chamber electrode connectors; and connecting the electrical connectors on the cap to a power source.

[0075] In some embodiments, a liquid-impermeable seal is formed on all sides of the electrical transfer box.

[0076] In some embodiments, the assembly of the transfer stack in the second plate is completed by placing the open electrotransfer cartridge into a tray to avoid buffer overflow on the surface. In some embodiments, stack assembly includes: soaking filter paper and a sponge in transfer buffer; pouring transfer buffer into a first plate; placing a sponge layer, followed by filter paper, on the second plate; oriented a gel with the holes facing the bottom side of the electrotransfer cartridge and placing the gel over the filter paper; and applying a transfer material (such as, but not limited to, a membrane, PVDF) to the transfer cartridge. Place a membrane, nylon membrane, or any porous material on which biomolecules can be transferred (e.g., a membrane, nylon membrane, or any other porous material) on top of the gel; use a roller to remove any air bubbles from each layer of the stack; place another sheet of filter paper on top of the transfer material (membrane); place another sponge on top of the filter paper.

[0077] In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for simultaneously performing electrotransfer and electrophoresis, the method comprising: securing an electrophoresis cartridge in a first chamber of a system of the present invention using a clamp; loading a sample containing biomolecules to be electrophoresed into the electrophoresis cartridge; placing an electrotransfer cartridge having a transfer stack having a gel containing biomolecules and a transfer material to which the biomolecules are desired to be electrotransferred; selecting a voltage using a power supply device and optionally selecting the duration of operation at the desired voltage; performing electrophoresis in the electrophoresis cartridge and performing electrotransfer of the biomolecules from the gel to the transfer material. In some embodiments, due to the use of a common voltage, electrophoresis and electrotransfer are performed at different times.

[0078] These embodiments and other features of this teaching will become clearer from the detailed description in the following sections. Attached Figure Description

[0079] One or more embodiments of the invention can be better understood by referring to the following one or more accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art will understand that the drawings described below are for illustrative purposes only. The drawings are not intended to limit the scope of this teaching in any way.

[0080] Figure 1 This is a schematic perspective view of an exemplary system of the present invention having two chambers according to one embodiment, which can be used to perform electrophoresis and / or electrotransfer. Figure 2 According to one embodiment Figure 1 An exploded view showing the component layers; Figure 3 According to one embodiment Figure 1 and Figure 2 The side view of the system of the present invention shown; Figure 4 According to one embodiment Figure 1 and Figure 2 The diagram shows a front perspective view of the system of the present invention, which has a cover placed thereon; Figure 5A This is a front perspective view of the cover of the system of the present invention according to one embodiment; Figure 5B This is a top view of the cap of the system of the present invention according to one embodiment; Figure 5C This is a bottom view of the cover of the system of the present invention according to one embodiment; Figure 6A and Figure 6B This is a detailed view of the various parts of the cap of the system of the present invention according to one embodiment. Figure 6A An exemplary cable retainer and spring clip are depicted in the image, and... Figure 6B The image depicts part of the cable's electrode nodes and electrical connectors; Figure 7A , Figure 7B , Figure 7C and Figure 7D An exemplary clamp is depicted for holding an electrophoresis box into a chamber of the system of the present invention. According to one embodiment, Figure 7A A front perspective view of the fixture is depicted. Figure 7B A front view of the fixture is depicted. Figure 7C The rear view of the fixture is depicted, and Figure 7D A side view of the fixture is depicted, showing a cam handle positioned to one side of the fixture. Figure 8A A front perspective view of an exemplary electrophoresis system of the present invention according to one embodiment is depicted, showing an electrophoresis gel cassette and clamp placed inside two chambers of the system of the present invention, wherein the clamp is in the unlocked position; Figure 8B A description of an embodiment Figure 8A A front perspective view of the electrophoresis system, showing the electrophoresis gel cassette and clamps placed inside the two chambers of the system of the present invention, wherein the clamps are in the locked position; Figure 8C A description of an embodiment Figure 8B A front view of the electrophoresis system, showing electrophoresis gel cassettes and clamps placed inside two chambers of the system of the present invention, wherein the clamps are in the locked position; Figure 9A A description of an embodiment Figure 8B It has a front perspective view of the cap shown above, which can be placed on the system; Figure 9B A system is depicted according to one embodiment, wherein the cap is placed on the system. Figure 9A Front perspective view; Figure 10A A front perspective view of the inside of an exemplary electrical transfer box in the open position according to one embodiment is depicted; Figure 10B The image depicts the open position according to one embodiment. Figure 10A Front view of the inside of the electrical transfer box; Figure 10C The image depicts the open position according to one embodiment. Figure 10B Rear view of the back side of the electrical transfer box; Figure 10D The image depicts the closed and unlocked positions according to one embodiment. Figure 10A Front perspective view of the electrical transfer box; Figure 10EThe image depicts the closed and unlocked positions according to one embodiment. Figure 10D Front view of the electrical transfer box; Figure 10F The image depicts the closed and unlocked positions according to one embodiment. Figure 10E Rear view of the electrical transfer box; Figure 10G The image depicts a closed and locked position according to one embodiment. Figure 10A Front perspective view of the electrical transfer box of the system; Figure 10H The image depicts a closed and locked position according to one embodiment. Figure 10G Front view of the electrical transfer box; Figure 10I The image depicts a closed and locked position according to one embodiment. Figure 10H Rear view of the electrical transfer box; Figure 11A , Figure 11B and Figure 11C An exemplary electrical transfer cartridge of the present invention according to one embodiment is depicted, the exemplary electrical transfer cartridge having a clamp closing and locking mechanism, wherein... Figure 11A The opening position is described. Figure 11B The closed position is depicted, and Figure 11C The locking position is depicted; Figure 12A , Figure 12B , Figure 12C , Figure 12D and Figure 12E An exemplary electrical transfer box of the present invention according to one embodiment is depicted, the exemplary electrical transfer box having a hinge and having two plates, one of which has a slider for closing and locking, wherein... Figure 12A The exploded view of the assembly with transfer stack components is depicted in its open position. Figure 12B The open positions of the assembled stacked components are depicted; Figure 12C The half-open position is depicted. Figure 12D It depicts a slider that can slide downwards to lock the box in a closed position, and Figure 12E The locked position of the slider when it slides down is depicted; Figure 13A , Figure 13B and Figure 13C An exemplary electrical transfer box of the present invention according to one embodiment is depicted, which has two plates but no hinge, wherein a slider lock is attached to one plate, wherein... Figure 13A The opening position is described. Figure 13B The slider is depicted in its closed but unlocked position at the top, and Figure 13C The locked position of the slider when it slides down is depicted; Figure 14A , Figure 14B , Figure 14C , Figure 14D and Figure 14E An exemplary electrical transfer box according to one embodiment of the present invention is depicted, which does not have a hinge but has two separate plates, one of which has a slider for closing and locking, wherein... Figure 14A The exploded view of the assembly with transfer stack components is depicted in its open position. Figure 14B The open positions of the assembled stacked components are depicted; Figure 14C The half-open position with details of the locking mechanism is depicted. Figure 14D It depicts a slider that can slide upwards to lock the box in its closed position, and Figure 14E The closed and unlocked positions are depicted, along with additional details about the interlocking mechanism; Figure 15A , Figure 15B , Figure 15C and Figure 15D An exemplary electrical transfer box according to one embodiment of the present invention is depicted, the exemplary electrical transfer box having at least one hinge and at least one slider on one of the plates for closing and locking, wherein... Figure 15A The front view depicts the inside of the open position. Figure 15B The rear view of the open position is depicted. Figure 15C It depicts a slider that can slide down to lock the box in the closed but unlocked position, and Figure 15D The locked position of the slider when it slides down is depicted; Figure 16 An exemplary electrical transfer box of the present invention according to one embodiment is depicted, the exemplary electrical transfer box having at least one hinge and at least one slider on one of the plates for closing and locking, wherein the slider slides downward to form a lock and seal and slides upward to unlock and open; Figure 17A and Figure 17B Two different exemplary electrical transfer boxes according to one embodiment of the invention are depicted, the two different exemplary electrical transfer boxes having two unconnected separate plates locked together with a slider, each plate having a different number of contact points for the locking interface of the slider; Figure 18 An exemplary electrical transfer box of the present invention according to one embodiment is depicted, the exemplary electrical transfer box having two separate plates, with engagement mechanisms (such as hooks or disconnectable hinges) at the bottom of the plates and sliders for closing and locking, wherein the sliders slide down to lock the box and slide up to unlock it; Figure 19AA front perspective view of an exemplary electrotransfer system of the present invention according to one embodiment is depicted, showing an insertion into a chamber of the system. Figure 10H An exemplary electrical transfer box; Figure 19B A description of an embodiment Figure 19A A front view of an exemplary electrical transfer system; Figure 19C A depiction is provided according to one embodiment, wherein the cap is placed on top. Figure 19A A front perspective view of an exemplary electrical transfer system; Figure 20 A front perspective view of an exemplary tray for assembling an electrical transfer stack and a box, according to one embodiment, is depicted; Figure 21 An exemplary electrophoresis method according to one embodiment is illustrated; and Figures 22A to 22F An exemplary electrical transfer method is illustrated in the figure, wherein Figure 22A An electrical transfer box in an open configuration is depicted, placed on a tray. Figure 22B An exploded view of an electrical transfer box with transfer stack components is depicted. Figure 22C An electrical transfer box in a closed and locked position is depicted in a tray. According to one embodiment, Figure 22D An electrical transfer box is depicted in a closed and locked position, positioned for placement in an electrical transfer system; Figure 22E The electrical transfer box inside the electrical transfer system is depicted, and Figure 22E An electrical transfer box inside an electrical transfer system is depicted, which has a cover to enable electrical connection. Detailed Implementation

[0081] It should be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present teachings. In this patent application, the use of the singular includes the plural unless specifically stated otherwise. For example, unless the context otherwise requires, the singular forms “a / an” and “the” also include the plural aspects as used in this specification and the appended claims. Similarly, unless the context otherwise requires, any singular term used in this specification also means plural, and vice versa.

[0082] Furthermore, the use of “comprise / include” and “contain”, or variations of these root words (such as, but not limited to, “comprises / including” and “contained”), is not intended to be restrictive. Unless otherwise stated, the use of “or” means “and / or”. The term “and / or” means that the preceding and following terms can be used together or separately. For illustrative purposes, and not as a limitation, “X and / or Y” can mean “X” or “Y” or “X and Y”.

[0083] When this document provides a range of values, unless otherwise expressly stated, the range is intended to include a starting value and an ending value, as well as any value or range of values ​​in between. For example, "from 0.2 to 0.5" means 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5; the ranges in between are such as 0.2-0.3, 0.3-0.4, 0.2-0.4; the increments in between are such as 0.25, 0.35, 0.225, 0.335, 0.49; the increment ranges in between are such as 0.26-0.39, etc.

[0084] As used herein, the term "or combinations thereof" refers to all permutations and combinations of the terms listed preceding the stated term. For example, "A, B, C, or combinations thereof" is intended to include at least one of the following: A, B, C, AB, AC, BC, or ABC, and if the order is important in a particular case, it also includes BA, CA, CB, ACB, CBA, BCA, BAC, or CAB. Continuing this example, combinations containing repetitions of one or more items or terms are explicitly included, such as BB, AAA, AAB, BBC, AAABCCCC, CBBAAA, CABABB, etc. Those skilled in the art will understand that, unless otherwise apparent from the context, there is generally no limitation on the number of items or terms in any combination.

[0085] This document describes systems, apparatus, and methods for electrophoresis and electrotransfer of biomolecules. The systems, apparatus, and methods of the present invention overcome several problems in the art. In some embodiments, systems applicable to both gel electrophoresis and electrotransfer are described. In some embodiments, a system for gel electrophoresis and electrotransfer includes one or more chambers, compartments, or components that can detachably and interchangeably receive an electrophoresis cartridge or an electrotransfer cartridge and provide an electrical interface for both electrophoresis and / or electrotransfer of biomolecules. Therefore, the systems of the present invention provide a single instrument platform for performing two different biomolecular analytical methods.

[0086] In some embodiments, the systems, apparatuses, and methods described herein overcome problems in the art by providing an increased throughput for electrophoresis and / or electrotransfer systems having multiple chambers to allow parallel processing of electrophoretic gels or electrotransfer from multiple gels to multiple electrotransfer membranes. In some embodiments, a system has at least two chambers to allow parallel electrophoresis and / or electrotransfer of biomolecules on two or more gels or transfer membranes.

[0087] The systems, apparatus, and methods described herein also overcome other problems in the art by providing leak-free gel electrophoresis systems. Furthermore, the systems, apparatus, and methods described herein overcome other problems in the art by providing leak-free electrotransfer apparatus and electrotransfer systems.

[0088] Therefore, compared to existing systems and apparatuses for electrophoresis or electrotransfer, the systems, apparatuses, cartridges, and methods of the present invention advantageously produce at least one or more of the aforementioned benefits, including: a system or platform for electrophoresis and electrotransfer; the ability to perform multiple electrophoresis and / or electrotransfer processes in a single device by simultaneously processing biomolecules in two or more gels or transfer membranes; increased throughput for electrophoresis and electrotransfer; a reduction in the number of devices or parts or components; reduced costs; reduced equipment storage footprint; reduced spillage; reduced leakage; reduced cleanup; reduced use of buffers and reagents; and reduced liquid hazardous waste, such as methanol in transfer buffer waste compared to existing systems and apparatuses for electrophoresis or electrotransfer. Compared to some existing devices and systems for electrophoresis or electrotransfer, the systems and apparatuses of the present invention reduce preparation work by eliminating the need for cooling buffers or freezing ice packs to lower the temperature during use of the system or apparatus. An additional advantage provided by the present invention compared to existing devices is lower current and power requirements.

[0089] The section headings used herein are for organizational purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the subject matter in any way. All references and similar materials cited in this application (including, but not limited to, patents, patent applications, articles, books, papers, and Internet web pages), regardless of their format, are expressly incorporated in their entirety for all purposes. If any terminology defined or used in one or more of the incorporated references or similar materials contradicts the definition of such term in this application, this application shall prevail. While this teaching is described in conjunction with various embodiments, it is not intended to limit this teaching to such embodiments. Rather, those skilled in the art will understand that this teaching encompasses various alternatives, modifications, and equivalents.

[0090] The accompanying drawings and figures provided in this specification are used to describe exemplary embodiments. Those skilled in the art will note that the drawings and examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this teaching in any way. Not all parts are labeled in every drawing; similar parts have similar numbers unless otherwise stated, and these may not be described in every drawing or every part of the specification.

[0091] I. Systems and devices: Embodiments of the present invention describe a system applicable to both gel electrophoresis and electrotransfer. In one embodiment, the system of the present invention includes at least one chamber, compartment, container, or component configured to removably and detachably receive an electrophoresis cartridge or an electrotransfer cartridge. The system further includes electrodes and a cap that covers at least one chamber, compartment, or component and provides electrical connection. The terms “chamber,” “compartment,” “container,” “component,” “base,” or “system base” are used interchangeably in this specification.

[0092] 1) Systems for electrophoresis and electrotransfer: Embodiments of the present invention describe a system for gel electrophoresis and electrotransfer, the system comprising one or more chambers that can removably and interchangeably receive an electrophoresis cartridge or an electrotransfer cartridge, and providing an electrical interface for both electrophoresis and electrotransfer of biomolecules. In one embodiment, a system has at least two chambers to allow for parallel processing of electrophoresis and / or electrotransfer of biomolecules on two or more gels or transfer membranes.

[0093] Figure 1 This is a schematic perspective view of an exemplary system 100' that can be used for gel electrophoresis and electrotransfer. In one exemplary embodiment, system 100' has two chambers 10a and 10b configured to perform electrophoresis and / or electrotransfer. Each chamber 10a and 10b is independently configured to receive an electrophoresis cartridge or an electrotransfer cartridge. Although Figure 1 Several other figures and embodiments in this invention are described using a non-limiting example of two chambers, but the teachings are extendable to systems for electrophoresis and electrotransfer with only one chamber, or systems with more than two chambers placed adjacent to each other to increase the throughput of the systems of the invention. In some embodiments, the systems of the invention have more than two chambers to achieve electrophoretic separation or electrotransfer of biomolecules in gels / matrices / membranes / materials in each chamber.

[0094] like Figure 1As shown in the embodiments, the two chambers 10a and 10b are arranged back-to-back adjacent to each other. In alternative embodiments, the chambers in the system of the present invention may be arranged adjacent to each other, side by side, back-to-back, in series, adjacent to each other, or adjacent to each other, diagonally placed, or one chamber may be above another chamber, with the other chamber vertically stacked and staggered behind another chamber, and / or one or two chambers may be inclined relative to each other at an angle.

[0095] like Figure 1 As shown, system 100' includes chambers 10a and 10b, each chamber configured to receive an electrophoresis cartridge or electrotransfer cartridge, and includes a first electrode 12 and a second electrode 13, wherein each electrode has an electrical interface or electrode node 12d and 13d, the first electrode and the second electrode being electrically connected to a power source (not depicted). The power source may be an external power source or an internal power source. In some embodiments, the first electrode 12 and the second electrode 13 have extensions such as 12a, 12b, 12c, 13a, 13b, 13c, 13c', 13c' that extend into each chamber, such that each chamber has an anode and a cathode.

[0096] In some embodiments, the first electrode 12 spans two chambers 10a and 10b or has extensions (such as 12a and 12b) spanning these two chambers, these interfaces being configured to electrically contact electrical interfaces located on the electrotransfer cartridge. In some embodiments, the first electrode 12 has electrical extensions (such as, but not limited to, line 12c) entering each chamber, which serve as an anode during electrophoresis.

[0097] In some embodiments, the second electrode 13 has an extension or interface (such as, but not limited to, 13c' and 13c'') configured to contact an electrode interface located on the electrotransfer cartridge. In some embodiments, the second electrode 13 spans two chambers or has an interface spanning two chambers (depicted as 13c' and 13c'' in a non-limiting example) configured to electrically contact an electrical interface located on the electrotransfer cartridge. In some embodiments, the second electrode 13 has an extension extending into each chamber (depicted as 13a and 13b in a non-limiting example) that serves as a cathode in each chamber during electrophoresis.

[0098] Figure 2 According to one embodiment Figure 1An exploded view showing the arrangement of exemplary components of system 100'. At least two chambers 10a and 10b are each independently configured to interchangeably receive an electrophoresis cartridge or an electrotransfer cartridge. The two chambers also include three electrodes 12, 13a, and 13b. In some embodiments, the three electrodes include a first electrode 12 spanning the two chambers and second electrodes 13a and 13b located in each chamber. The first electrode 12 has extensions 12a and 12b spanning chambers 10a and 10b, respectively. The first electrode 12 has two wires 12c, one in each chamber 10a and 10b.

[0099] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a first electrode 12 spanning two chambers (as extensions 12a and 12b, and / or as a line 12c located in each chamber) is connected to a first electrode node 12d, and two second electrodes 13a and 13b (each second electrode located in one of the chambers 10a and 10b in the base 100' of the system 100) are connected to a common second electrode node 13d. In some embodiments, the first electrode node 12d and the second electrode node 13d are interfaces for connection to a power source.

[0100] In some embodiments, the first electrode 12, spanning two chambers in the system of the present invention, is an anode. In some embodiments, the second electrodes 13a and 13b, present in one or more chambers of the system of the present invention, are cathodes.

[0101] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the first electrode 12 further includes a wire 12c extending along the bottom of each chamber 10a and 10b to allow current to flow through the chamber for electrophoresis. The wire 12c is made of any conductive material, such as, but not limited to, platinum, gold, silver, copper, palladium, steel, stainless steel, iridium, conductive plastic, or any coated conductive material. When the electrophoresis cartridge is placed in one or both chambers 10a and / or 10b, the wire 12c extending along the bottom of each chamber serves as the anode during electrophoresis. In some embodiments, the wire 12c is covered by a holding device 18, which is depicted in a non-limiting example as a perforated plastic strip. These perforations allow the wire 12c to make physical contact with the electrophoresis buffer in the chamber, while the holding device allows the wire 12c to be secured to the bottom plate of the chamber. This allows an electric field to be transferred from the anode wire 12c to the buffer. The holding device 18 also protects the anode wire 12c from damage during system use.

[0102] Other retaining devices with similar functions may be used. The frame 11 may optionally be part of the retaining device 18 and may also be used as a mounting for the three electrodes 12, 13a, and 13b. In some embodiments, the frame 11 and the retaining device 18 are combined to form a single part.

[0103] As the wire 12c extends from the electrode 12 and downwards along the sides of each chamber 10a and 10b, the frame 11 protects the wire electrode. In some embodiments, the frame 11 incorporates the perforated wire 12c of the anode and the electric field generated by the cathode.

[0104] The system of the present invention has at least two chambers 10a and 10b separated by at least one common surface 14 between them. Non-limiting examples of the common surface 14 between the chambers include a wall between at least a portion of the two chambers, a partition between at least a portion of the two chambers, a plurality of walls, or a plurality of partitions. In some embodiments, the two chambers 10a and 10b are separated by a space 15 between the two chambers. In some embodiments, the two chambers 10a and 10b are separated by both the common surface 14 and the space 15 between at least two chambers.

[0105] Each chamber 10a and 10b has at least a first inner surface 16a and a second inner surface 16b. Other inner surfaces (not explicitly depicted) may be present. In some embodiments, the system of the present invention may further include a gasket 17 adjacent to or positioned on a portion of one of the inner surfaces of the chamber. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown in the example, the base of system 100 includes a washer 17 that is adjacent to or positioned on a portion of the first inner surface 16a. The washer 17 is generally a three-sided washer, but in non-limiting examples it may be a C-shaped or U-shaped washer. Alternatively, a double-sided or four-sided washer may be used. In some embodiments, the washer 17 may be placed in a recess 19 adjacent to the first inner surface 16a.

[0106] Figure 3 According to one embodiment, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 The side view of system 100' shown.

[0107] In some embodiments, system 100' (in Figure 4 The system (also depicted as system 100) may further include a cap 20 configured to cover two chambers 10a and 10b. Figure 4 This is a front perspective view and depicts the cover 20 of the covering system 100', wherein the cover 20 includes: an electrical connector 21 detachably connected to a power source; and one or more electrical contacts 23a and 24a (located inside the cover, see...). Figure 5C The one or more electrical contacts are configured to be electrically connected to the first electrode 12 and the second electrode 13, typically via an electrical interface or electrode node (such as 12d and 13d), when the cover 20 is placed on the chambers 10a and 10b, to ensure complete circuitry between the electrodes for each of the two chambers. 22 depicts a cable clamp.

[0108] In some embodiments, the first electrode node 12d and the second electrode node 13d are located on a portion of the system chamber that contacts the cap 20 (see electrode nodes). Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 For more details about Cap 20, please see [link / reference]. Figure 4 and Figures 5A to 5C ).

[0109] like Figure 4 As shown, the cover 20 includes an electrical connector 21 detachably connected to a power source. In some embodiments, the cover 20 of the system 100 may include an electrical connector detachably connected to a power source, the power source including one or more cables and / or one or more plugs pluggable into the power source. External power sources are typically used with the systems of the present invention. However, systems using internal power sources are also contemplated.

[0110] like Figure 4 As shown, electrical connector 21 is typically a plug with one or more banana plugs 21a and 21b for inserting into an external power source (not shown). Electrical connector 21 may include cable clamp 22. Cables 21c and 21d are connected from electrical connector 21 to cable retainers 23 and 24 on either side of the cover. Cables 21c and 21d typically have one negatively charged cable (typically color-coded black) and one positively charged cable (typically color-coded red), and one or more electrical contacts (shown here as 23a and 24a) (typically banana plugs, metal tabs, or any electrical interface) configured to electrically connect to chamber electrodes 12 and 13 via electrode nodes 12d and 13d (typically, but not limited to, banana plugs) when the cover 20 is placed on chambers 10a and 10b, to complete the circuitry for each of the two chambers 10a and 10b.

[0111] In some embodiments, the cap 20 may have at least two cable coils 26 that allow cables to be wound around the cap and held securely during storage. In some embodiments, the cap 20 may have one or more slots 27c on its top surface that allow ventilation or airflow to allow the removal of any moisture that may accumulate during electrophoresis or electrotransfer. In some embodiments, the cap 20 may have one or more slots 27c on its top surface that provide partial visibility of the buffer solution beneath the cap. In some embodiments, the cap is made of a transparent or translucent material (typically plastic) that allows visibility. For example, a user may see bubbles forming in the buffer solution during electrophoresis or electrotransfer, thus knowing that the device is working upon insertion. Alternatively, the user may observe the inside of the system to see the placement of internal components.

[0112] Figure 5A This is a front perspective view of an exemplary cover 20 of the system 100 of the present invention according to one embodiment. Figure 5B Is it like this? Figure 5A The top view of the cap 20 shown. Figure 5C This is the bottom view of the cap. For example... Figures 5A to 5C As shown, the cover 20 includes cables 21c and 21d from electrical connectors 21a and 21b, which are further connected to one or more electrical contacts or connectors (such as, but not limited to, 23b and 24b) inside the cover, configured to be electrically connected to chamber electrodes when the cover is placed on the chamber to complete the circuitry for one or more chambers, thereby facilitating electrophoresis and / or electrotransfer of the system 100.

[0113] Figure 6A and Figure 6B This is a detailed view of the various parts of the cap 20. Figure 6A An exemplary cable retainer 24 (similar to 23 on the other side) and a spring clip 25 are depicted, and... Figure 6B The image depicts a portion of a cable whose ends are in electrical contacts 23a and 24a (24a is shown here). Electrical connectors or contacts 23a and 24a on the cover 20 are connected to electrode nodes 12d and 13d of the chamber. Typically, electrical contacts 23a and 24a are banana jacks, and electrode nodes 12d and 13d are banana plugs. However, other types of electrical contacts and nodes are also envisioned.

[0114] In some embodiments, the cover 20 of system 100 may include at least one feature (such as cable coil 26) for winding a cable during storage. In some embodiments, the cover 20 of system 100 may include mechanical features 27a and 27b that interact with complementary mechanical features (such as 10c and 10d) on the top of the chamber such that electrical contacts 23a and 24a on the cover are connected to the first electrode node 12d and the second electrode node 13d in an orientation that prevents electrode reversal during use of system 100.

[0115] In some embodiments, the system cover may include color-coded features (such as a negatively charged cable, which is typically color-coded black; and a positively charged cable, which is typically color-coded red (colors not explicitly shown in the drawings)) that can be operated to cover chambers 10a and 10b in an orientation that allows the electrical contacts 23a and 24a of the cover to connect with the corresponding first electrode node 13d and second electrode node 12d, an orientation that prevents electrode reversal during use.

[0116] 2) Systems and apparatus for electrophoresis: In some embodiments, the present invention provides a system 100 for performing gel electrophoresis. In one embodiment, a gel electrophoresis cartridge and clamping system are described that can be placed in a system of the present invention capable of performing both gel electrophoresis and electrotransfer. The electrophoresis cartridge may include any precast or self-cast electrophoresis cartridge (such as, but not limited to, a gel cartridge) used in the art to separate biomolecules. The electrophoresis cartridge typically comprises two plastic or glass plates arranged parallel to each other, with a matrix in which biomolecules can migrate and resolve. Electrophoresis cartridges are known in the art and typically include a separator, a retaining plate, and a matrix. Non-limiting examples of the matrix include gels made of polymeric materials such as agarose, acrylamide, polyacrylamide, dextran, starch, etc. Typically, a toothed comb is placed between the two plates at the top of the electrophoresis cartridge to form indentations on the top of the gel, into which a sample containing biomolecules can be loaded. 。 For the clamps and electrophoresis / electrotransfer system of the present invention, any parallel plate gel closure is contemplated for use.

[0117] The system for electrophoresis of the present invention includes a system 100, as depicted in the above embodiments, the system having: a base having chambers 10a and 10b therein into which an electrophoresis cartridge is placed; and a cap 20. The electrophoresis cartridge is secured to the inner surface of the chamber 10a or 10b by clamps (and in some embodiments, to a gasket, such as gasket 17).

[0118] 3) Fixture: The present invention provides a novel clamp for securing an electrophoresis box to a system 100. Figure 7A , Figure 7B , Figure 7C and Figure 7D An exemplary clamp 28 for clamping an electrophoresis box into a chamber (such as 10a or 10b) of a system (such as system 100) according to an embodiment of the present invention is depicted.

[0119] Figure 7A A front perspective view of an exemplary clamp 28 is depicted, the exemplary clamp including: a cam plate 29 having a flat surface having two sides 29a and 29b. Two protruding ridges 29c and 29d extend vertically on the first side 29a. The protruding ridges 29c and 29d on the first side 29a of the cam plate 29 are configured to be placed adjacent to and in contact with the edge of the first plate 33a of the electrophoresis gel cassette 35 (in... Figure 8AThe image depicts part 35 and plates 33a and 33b. Protrusions 29e and 29f extend at each corner of the second side 29b of the cam plate 29. Two independently movable cam handles 30a and 30b (operable to move forward toward the cam plate or backward away from the cam plate) are attached to the cam plate 29 via bolts 31 located on the cam plate 29. Two protruding edges 29c' and 29d' are located on the first side 29a, perpendicular to the flat surface of the first side 29a facing the electrophoresis cartridge of the cam plate. Protruding edges 29c' and 29d' are positioned adjacent to the cam handles 30a and 20b. Protruding edges 29c' and 29d' guide the placement of the electrophoresis gel cartridge 35. In one embodiment, moving the cam handles 30a and 30b forward (i.e., toward the cam plate 29) secures the electrophoresis gel cartridge 35 to a surface or a portion thereof (a surface not explicitly depicted), and moving the cam handles 30a and 30b backward (i.e., away from the cam plate 29) releases the electrophoresis gel cartridge 35 from the surface. In some embodiments, the surface or portion of the surface to which the cam secures the electrophoresis cartridge is a washer 17 located in the electrophoresis system 100. In some embodiments, the cam handles of the clamp of the present invention are movable within a range of motion from 0 degrees to 180 degrees. In some embodiments, the cam handles of the clamp of the present invention are movable within a range of motion from 0 degrees to 45 degrees.

[0120] In some embodiments, the clamp of the present invention includes a plurality of protrusions 32 on the bottom side of the flat surface 29a of the cam plate 29. In some embodiments, the clamp of the present invention includes a plurality of protrusions 32 on the bottom side of the flat surface 29a of the cam plate 29 facing the electrophoresis gel cartridge 35. In some non-limiting exemplary embodiments, one protrusion, two protrusions, three protrusions, four protrusions, five protrusions, six protrusions, seven protrusions, eight protrusions, nine protrusions, ten protrusions, etc., are located on the bottom side of the flat surface 29a of the cam plate 29 facing the electrophoresis gel cartridge 35. The shape, size, and number of protrusions can vary. In some embodiments, the protrusions are configured to distribute pressure on all portions of the gel cartridge plate at the bottom to prevent warping or bending of the gel cartridge during electrophoresis and / or when the gel cartridge is fixed for electrophoresis. In some embodiments, the protrusions allow free circulation of buffer ions at the bottom of the electrophoresis cartridge.

[0121] In some embodiments, the bump 32, combined with the perforation of the electrophoresis system of the present invention, allows buffer ions placed at the bottom of the electrophoresis box in the electrophoresis system to circulate freely, wherein the anode line 12c is located below the perforation.

[0122] Figure 7B A front view of fixture 28 is depicted, and Figure 7C A rear view of fixture 28 is depicted. Figure 7DA side view of a clamp 28 according to one embodiment is depicted, showing a cam handle 30a positioned on one side of the clamp. The cam handle 30 has a socket (such as a hole) positioned in a pin 31 located on the side of a cam plate 29. In one embodiment, the pin 31 is a spring clip, and the cam handle 30 is positioned in the spring clip via the socket. In some embodiments, the cam handle 30 is thus permanently fixed to the cam plate 29 via the spring clip. Alternatively, the pin 31 may be located on the cam handle 30, and the socket (such as a hole) may be located on the cam plate 29. In alternative embodiments, the cam handle 30 may be assembled using screws or inserts, such as, but not limited to, shouldered screws that allow rotation of the cam handle or cam handle, or a post, pin, or other clamp, or a pivot or rotating design.

[0123] In some embodiments, when the cam handle 30 is in the locked position, the cover 20 engages with the system 100. This is to ensure that the electrophoresis box is properly secured in the system 100 before electrical connections are enabled.

[0124] In some embodiments, the surface to which the clamp 28 of the present invention clamps or secures the electrophoresis box is a portion or part of the surface on the electrophoresis tank. Figure 8A The base of the system 100 (without cap 20) is depicted in the figure. In some embodiments, the surface on which the clamp 28 of the present invention clamps or secures the electrophoresis gel cartridge 35 is a part or portion of the surface on which both electrophoresis and / or electrotransfer can be performed on the system 100 of the present invention. In some embodiments, the clamp 28 may be used in conjunction with any electrophoresis tank surface.

[0125] In some embodiments, the surface on which the clamp 28 of the present invention clamps or secures the electrophoresis tank is a gasket (such as gasket 17) located on a portion or part of the electrophoresis tank, or on a wall or surface, or on a portion or part of the base, or on a wall or surface, of the system 100 of the present invention capable of performing both electrophoresis and / or electrotransfer. Gasket 17 may be a three-sided gasket or a four-sided gasket.

[0126] 4) Electrophoresis system: Figure 8A A front perspective view of the base of an exemplary electrophoresis system 100 of the present invention according to one embodiment is depicted, showing an electrophoresis gel cartridge 35 and a clamp 28 placed inside two chambers 10a and 10b, wherein the clamp 28 is in the unlocked position.

[0127] Figure 8B A front perspective view of the base of an exemplary electrophoresis system of the present invention according to one embodiment is depicted, showing electrophoresis gel cassettes 35 and clamps 28 respectively placed inside two chambers 10a and 10b, wherein the clamps are in a locked position (where cam handles 30a and 30b move upward toward cam plate 29).

[0128] Figure 8C A description of an embodiment Figure 8B A front view of the base of the electrophoresis system 100, showing an electrophoresis gel cassette 35 and a clamp 28 placed inside the two chambers of the system, with the clamp in the locked position.

[0129] Figure 9A A front perspective view of the electrophoresis system 100 is depicted, in which the base and the cap 20 are shown positioned above and can be placed on the base, as indicated by the bold arrow below the cap. Figure 9B A front perspective view of a system 100 according to one embodiment, wherein a cap 20 is placed on a base, is depicted. In some embodiments, the system 100 for performing gel electrophoresis includes: a base comprising at least two chambers 10a and 10b, each chamber configured to independently receive an electrophoresis gel cartridge 35 comprising two parallel plates 33a and 33b to enclose the gel, each chamber being configured to independently receive a clamp 28 for securing the electrophoresis gel cartridge 35 to a surface of each chamber; a single first electrode 12, from which two lines 12c run along the base of each chamber 10a and 10b, each chamber having separate second electrodes 13a and 13b connected at a common electrode node 13d. Some embodiments have a removable cover 20 for providing electrical connection to a power source, wherein the cover 20 has electrical connectors (such as electrical contacts 23a and 24a) that can be connected to electrode nodes 13d and 12d respectively when positioned above the base to ensure circuitry between the chamber electrodes. In one embodiment, the system 100 for electrophoresis of the present invention includes an electrophoresis gel cartridge 35 and a clamp 28. In another embodiment, the system 100 for electrophoresis of the present invention includes two electrophoresis gel cartridges 35 and two clamps 28.

[0130] In some embodiments, the clamping mechanism of the present invention can be operated to clamp the electrophoresis cartridge to the inner surface of the chamber / compartment of the base. In some embodiments, the clamping mechanism of the present invention can be operated to clamp the electrophoresis cartridge to a gasket 17 inside the chamber / compartment. In some embodiments, the gasket 17 is placed on or attached to at least a portion of the first inner surface 16a of the chamber / compartment of the system 100 of the present invention. Non-limiting examples of placing or attaching the gasket include, but are not limited to, secondary molding the gasket or bonding the gasket to at least a portion of the first inner surface 16a.

[0131] In some embodiments, the clamping mechanism of the present invention (such as clamp 28) creates or forms a liquid-impermeable seal between the electrophoresis gel cartridge 35 and the gasket 17 in a chamber / compartment 10a or 10b of the system 100. The electrophoresis cartridge is clamped into a chamber or compartment of the system of the present invention, forming two fluidly spaced sub-chambers / sub-compartments 10a' and 10a'' in chamber 10a, and sub-chambers / sub-compartments 10b' and 10b'' in chamber 10b. In some embodiments, a first sub-chamber 10a' is formed between a portion of the first inner surface 16a of chamber 10a (or 10b), a portion of the gasket 17, and a plate 33b of the electrophoresis gel cartridge 35 facing the first inner surface 16a of the chamber of the system. In some embodiments, a second sub-chamber / sub-compartment 10a'' is formed between the left and right sides of the electrophoresis gel cassette 35, the outer edge of the plate 33a of the electrophoresis gel cassette 35 facing the second inner surface 16b, and the remainder of the chamber 10a (or 10b) of the system 100 in which the electrophoresis gel cassette 35 and the clamp 28 are placed.

[0132] The sub-chambers or sub-compartments thus formed during system use can be filled with buffer solutions for electrophoresis and can be used as a first buffer reservoir and a second buffer reservoir.

[0133] In some embodiments, a first buffer reservoir 10a' is formed between a portion of the first inner surface 16a of the chamber 10a, a portion of the gasket 17, and the plate 33b of the electrophoresis cartridge facing the first inner surface 16a of the chamber 10a of the system 100 in which the electrophoresis gel cartridge 35 and the clamp 28 are placed. In some embodiments, a second buffer reservoir 10a'' is formed between the plate 33a of the gel cartridge facing the second inner surface 16b and the remainder of the chamber 10a in which the electrophoresis gel cartridge 35 and the clamp 28 are placed.

[0134] The system of the present invention is not limited to any size and can be scaled up or down to accommodate electrophoresis or electrotransfer cartridges of any size. For example, the electrophoresis cartridges that can be used may include one or more micro gel cartridges, medium gel cartridges, or large gel cartridges. For example, in a non-limiting example, each chamber of the system of the present invention can hold a volume of electrophoresis buffer of approximately 30 ml to 5 liters.

[0135] 5) Electrical transfer box: Embodiments of the present invention relate to electrotransfer cartridges. Several embodiments of electrotransfer cartridges that can be placed in the system 100 of the present invention, which can perform both gel electrophoresis and electrotransfer, are described.

[0136] In one embodiment, the electrotransfer cartridge of the present invention includes: two plates (or shells) reversibly or permanently joined by at least one engagement mechanism to allow the two plates to move between an open position and a closed position; a locking mechanism for locking the two plates in a closed position; a sealing mechanism operable to seal the two plates in the closed position to form a liquid-impermeable seal on at least three sides; a second plate configured to receive components of a transfer stack on its inner sides, and the outer sides of the first and second plates include at least one electrical interface, each of which is connected to an electrode located on the inner side of each plate.

[0137] In some embodiments, a liquid-impermeable seal is formed on all four sides of the electrical transfer cartridge. In an embodiment where a liquid-impermeable seal is formed on three sides of the electrical transfer cartridge, the three sides are the bottom side, the left side, and the right side of the cartridge.

[0138] In some embodiments, the engagement mechanism of the electrotransfer box includes one or more of the following: hinges; multiple hinges; disconnected hinges; clamps; one or more hooks; one or more clamps; mechanical components on the two plates (or shells) that are slidable and interlocking to bond, glue, bond, or weld the two plates together; a linkage design connecting the two plates with a flexible material; or an external element for engaging the two plates. In some embodiments, the engagement mechanism is a reversible engagement mechanism or a permanent engagement mechanism. A permanent engagement mechanism allows the two plates to remain together as a single component. This is advantageous to the user because it provides fewer components and / or allows for easier closure of the plates since alignment is not required before closure. A reversible engagement mechanism allows for two separate shells.

[0139] In some embodiments, the locking mechanism of the electrotransfer cartridge of the present invention includes a slider. In some embodiments, the slider includes: a strip wound around a portion of the width of the outer side of the first plate; a lateral extension of the strip further wound around a portion of the depth of the outer side of the first plate; and an element operable to reversibly engage with a portion on the outer side of the second plate to form a lock between the first and second plates upon engagement. In some embodiments, when the two plates are closed, the slider of the electrotransfer cartridge of the present invention aligns with corresponding elements on the second plate, which are operable to slide to form a lock.

[0140] In some embodiments, the locking mechanism may be a slider that can be attached to one of the plates via one or more mounting features. In some embodiments, the slider may have mating mounting features that are operable and permanently or reversibly attach the slider to the plate. In some embodiments, the locking mechanism may be a slider located on one plate, wherein a mechanical mating feature on the slider can mate with a corresponding mechanical feature located on another plate. Matching features are typically located on both sides of each plate.

[0141] In some embodiments, the locking mechanism may be a clamp on one plate and a clamp closure on another plate. The clamping mechanism is typically attached to one plate via mounting features. The clamp typically has mating mounting features that allow the clamp to be attached to another plate. Several mounting features may be used, such as bolt holes, etc.

[0142] In some embodiments, the sealing mechanism of the electrotransfer cartridge of the present invention includes at least one slider. In some embodiments, the sealing mechanism of the electrotransfer cartridge of the present invention may additionally include a gasket placed on one of the two plates of the electrotransfer cartridge. In an exemplary embodiment, when the two plates are closed, the slider (as described above) moves in a direction toward the top of the plate to form a locking and liquid-impermeable seal on at least three sides of the electrotransfer cartridge. In an exemplary embodiment, when the two plates are closed, the slider moves in a direction toward the bottom of the plate to form a locking and liquid-impermeable seal on at least three sides of the electrotransfer cartridge. In an example embodiment, when the two plates are closed, the slider located on one side of the closed plate moves up or down to form a locking and liquid-impermeable seal on at least three sides of the electrotransfer cartridge. In some embodiments, a liquid-impermeable seal may be formed on all four sides of the electrotransfer cartridge. The formation of the liquid-impermeable seal (or liquid-tight seal) creates or forms a liquid reservoir inside the electrotransfer cartridge.

[0143] Figures 10A to 10I An embodiment of the electrical transfer box 40 of the present invention is depicted, the electrical transfer box comprising: two plates (or shells), namely a first plate 41 and a second plate 42, the two plates being engaged by a coupling mechanism (such as at least one hinge 43) to allow the two plates to be in an open position (see Open Position). Figures 10A to 10C ) and closed position (see closed position) Figures 10D to 10IThe device includes: a locking mechanism for locking the two plates in a closed position; a sealing mechanism further operable to seal the two plates to form a liquid-impermeable seal on three sides; a second plate 42 configured to receive components of the transfer stack on its inner side 42a, and the outer side 42b and the first plate 41 including at least one electrical interface 45a, 45b, 45c and / or 45d, each of which is connected to an electrode (first plate electrode 46; second plate electrode 47) located inside each plate. The three sides of the electrical transfer box 40 forming the liquid-impermeable seal are the bottom side 48, left side 49 and right side 50 of the inner wall of the box. In some embodiments, the electrical transfer box of the present invention includes two plates (or shells 41 and 42) joined by more than one hinge 43.

[0144] In some embodiments, the electrodes located inside the two plates of the electrotransfer cartridge of the present invention are plate electrodes embedded in the inner surface of each plate. In alternative embodiments, plate electrodes 46 and 47 may be wire electrodes, wire mesh electrodes, rod electrodes, or plate electrodes. These electrodes may be made of conductive materials, such as, but not limited to, steel, stainless steel, copper, platinum, palladium, iridium, titanium, conductive coating materials, conductive plastics, etc. In some embodiments, the external electrical interfaces 45 (45a, 45b, 45c, 45d, etc.) of the plate electrodes may be springs, electrode nodes, supports, pins, plugs, or any design that allows electrical contact, such as electroplated interfaces of the electrodes. 。 External electrical interfaces 45a, 45b, 45c, and 45d of plate electrodes 46 and 47 are configured to be physically and / or electrically connected to chamber electrodes 12, 13a, and 13b or extensions of these electrodes (e.g., 12a, 12b, 13c', 13c'', etc.), which have electrical connections to a power source. Electrodes or electrode extensions may be included in the system 100 or 100' of the present invention, which is capable of performing both electrophoresis and / or electrotransfer. Alternatively, electrodes or electrode extensions may be included in any system capable of performing electrotransfer, including electrotransfer systems not explicitly depicted herein.

[0145] In one embodiment, in system 100 of the present invention, such as for example Figure 1 As shown, the first electrode 12 spanning the two chambers is configured to contact a first electrical interface 45c or 45d on an electrical transfer cartridge 40 that can be placed into one or more chambers 10a or 10b. In some embodiments, the first electrical interface 45c or 45d of the electrical transfer cartridge 40 is an anode interface and is connected to an internal plate electrode 46.

[0146] In some embodiments, the second electrode 13a or 13b of the chamber / compartment of the system 100 of the present invention has extensions 13c' and 13c', which are configured to contact a second electrical interface 45a or 45b on an electrical transfer box 40 that can be placed in one or more chambers 10a or 10b. In some embodiments, the second electrical interface 45a or 45b of the electrical transfer box 40 is a cathode interface and is connected to an internal plate electrode 47.

[0147] In some embodiments, the locking mechanism of the electrical transfer cartridge of the present invention includes a slider 44. For example... Figure 10D As shown, in some embodiments, the slider 44 includes: a strip that wraps around a portion of the width of the outer side surface 41b of the first plate 41; a side extension of the strip that further wraps around a portion of the depth 41c of the outer side surface 41b of the first plate 41; and an element operable to reversibly engage with a portion on the outer side surface of the second plate 42 to form a lock between the first and second plates upon engagement. Figure 10D , Figure 10E and Figure 10F As shown, in some embodiments, when the two plates 41 and 42 are closed, the slider 44 of the electrical transfer box 40 aligns with corresponding elements on the second plate 42, which can be operated to slide to form a lock (see sliding direction). Figure 10E (The upward arrow in the image). For example... Figure 10D and Figure 10E As shown, in some embodiments, when the two plates 41 and 42 are closed, the slider moves in a direction toward the top of the plates (see sliding direction). Figure 10D and Figure 10E (as indicated by the upward arrow in the image) to form a locking and liquid-proof seal on three sides 48, 49, and 50 on the inner surface of the electrical transfer box 40, such as... Figure 10G and Figure 10H As shown.

[0148] In some embodiments, a locking mechanism (such as slider 44) also serves as a sealing mechanism. An additional sealing component of the electrical transfer box 40a includes a washer 17, which can be placed inside one of the two plates 41 or 42 so that it is positioned between the two plates when closed. Figure 10A and Figure 10BIn this configuration, gasket 17 is positioned on plate 42 and forms a liquid-impermeable seal between the two plates when the locking mechanism slides into the locked and sealed position of the electrotransfer cartridge 40. Liquid-impermeable seals formed on three sides of the electrotransfer cartridge create or form liquid reservoirs within the cartridge. In some embodiments, additional buffer solution may be poured into the liquid reservoir if desired, allowing current to flow within the electrotransfer cartridge for transferring biomolecules from gel / matrix to membrane / material within the transfer stack. In some embodiments, additional buffer solution is not required, and the liquid reservoir is used to contain buffer solution within the transfer stack without overflowing, allowing current to flow within the electrotransfer cartridge for transferring biomolecules from gel / matrix to membrane / material within the transfer stack.

[0149] In some embodiments, the second plate 42 has a lip or protrusion 52 on its top side 51, which can be operated to dispense liquid into the electrotransfer cartridge 40 after sealing the other three sides 48, 49, and 50. The electrotransfer cartridge may have visual markings, such as fill lines or other indicators, inside the liquid reservoir to indicate the amount of liquid (such as electrotransfer buffer) to be filled by the user.

[0150] In some embodiments, the electrical transfer cartridge of the present invention further includes elements providing a support structure located on the outer side of the second plate or the first plate. In a non-limiting example, the support structure may reduce or prevent warping or bending of the first plate and / or the second plate. In a non-limiting exemplary embodiment, the support structure 53 may include one or more ribs, one or more ridges, one or more grooves, one or more protrusions, concave protrusions, or surfaces or structures.

[0151] In some embodiments, the support structure 53 allows the second plate 42 to abut at an angle. In some embodiments, the angle caused by the support structure allows for easy ergonomic assembly and / or viewing of the transfer stack. In some embodiments, the support structure 53 reduces buffer spillage during assembly of the transfer stack onto the second plate 42. In some embodiments, the support structure provides support to the plate electrodes such that the two plate electrodes are substantially parallel to each other to allow for an optimal electric field between the two plate electrodes to facilitate efficient transfer of biomolecules during electrotransfer.

[0152] Figure 11A , Figure 11B and Figure 11C An exemplary electrical transfer box 40a of the present invention, according to one embodiment, is depicted, having a clamping, locking, and sealing mechanism. Figure 11AAn electrotransfer cartridge 40a in its open position is depicted, showing two separate plates, a second plate 42 and a first plate 41. The second plate is operable to receive a transfer stack and to close the second plate 42 containing the transfer stack. The transfer stack (not explicitly shown) typically comprises a transfer buffer or conductive ions contained in a combination of a gel or matrix or sponge and filter paper; a gel containing biomolecules; and a membrane (not shown) to which the biomolecules are transferred. Each plate 41 and 42 respectively contains or includes an electrode (similar to...). Figures 10A to 10I (46 and 47 in the diagram). Plate electrodes 46 and 47 include electrical interfaces (not explicitly shown) that can be connected to a power source. The first plate 41 includes or has a clamping mechanism 60 attached to or connected to the first plate, which can be operated to close, lock, and / or seal the two plates together. Figure 11B The diagram depicts a closed position where plates 41 and 42 are closed but not yet locked, clamped, or sealed, with clamping mechanism 60 remaining upright. In some embodiments, clamping mechanism 60 also functions as a sealing mechanism. One or both plates 41 and 42 may additionally have support structures 53, such as the exemplary ribs / ridges depicted on plate 41 herein. Support structures (such as 53) reduce or prevent plate bending or warping during clamping. Additional sealing mechanism components of the electrical transfer box 40a include a gasket (not shown) that may be placed inside one of the two plates 41 or 42 so as to be positioned between the two plates when closed. When clamping mechanism 60 as Figure 11C As depicted in the diagram, when clamped downwards, the gasket forms a liquid-impermeable seal between the two plates. Figure 11C The locking and sealing positions of the electrical transfer box 40a are depicted.

[0153] In some embodiments, the clamping mechanism 60 is attached to the first plate 41 via mounting features 61 on the second plate. The clamping mechanism 60 has mating mounting features 62 that allow the clamping mechanism 60 to be attached to the first plate 41. Figure 11A , Figure 11B and Figure 11C As shown, these mounting features are depicted as a bolt-hole mechanism that allows the clamping mechanism 60 to pivot between an open position and a closed position. This 0-180 degree rotational movement of the clamping mechanism allows the clamping mechanism 60 to move from an open and / or unlocked and / or unsealed position (~0 degrees) to a closed and / or locked and / or sealed position (~180 degrees). When the clamping mechanism 60 is closed (e.g., Figure 11B and Figure 11C As shown), the feature on the clamping mechanism engages with feature 62 on the second plate 42 to form a liquid-tight seal (see...). Figure 11C In this non-limiting exemplary embodiment, the mounting and engaging feature is depicted as a hook-and-bolt interface. Other similar features may be used instead.

[0154] Figure 12A , Figure 12B , Figure 12C , Figure 12D and Figure 12E An exemplary electrical transfer box 40b of the present invention is depicted, which has a hinge and two separate plates 41 and 42, one of which has a slider 44 for closing and locking. The engagement mechanism of the two separate plates 41 and 42 is one or more hooks 43', shown herein as being located at the bottom of each plate, to connect the two plates together and to facilitate movement of the plates between an open position and a closed position via hinge movement. Alternatively, the hooks 43' may be located on the left or right side of the plates 41 or 42.

[0155] and Figures 10A to 10I Compared to the two plates 41 and 42 of the electrical transfer box 40, the two plates of 40b are not permanently attached and can be detached from each other. Figure 12A An exploded view of the open position of an exemplary electrical transfer box 40b is depicted, showing a transfer stack 63 placed in a second plate 42 and a first plate 41 (see below for details on the transfer stack assembly), which is operable to close the second plate 42 having the transfer stack 63. Each plate 41 and 42 houses or includes each electrode (not depicted). The plate electrodes include electrical interfaces (not explicitly shown) that can be connected to a power source. The first plate 41 includes or has a locking mechanism (depicted as a slider 44) attached to or connected to the first plate, which is operable to close, lock, and / or seal the two plates together. In this embodiment, the slider 44 also serves as a sealing mechanism. The first plate 41 also has mechanical features that guide the sliding movement of the slider 44 to enable a smooth closure / locking / sealing for the user.

[0156] Additional sealing mechanism components of the electrical transfer box 40b include a gasket 17, which can be placed inside one of the two plates 41 or 42 so that it is positioned between the two plates when the plates are closed. Figure 12B The open position of the electrical transfer box 40b with the assembled transfer stack 63 is depicted, and in this embodiment, the gasket 17 is shown as the boundary of the inner side of the second plate 42. When the locking mechanism and sealing mechanism are as... Figure 12E When the plate is facing downwards, gasket 17 forms a liquid-impermeable seal between the two plates. Figure 12E The locking and sealing positions of the electrical transfer box 40b are depicted.

[0157] One or both plates 41 and 42 may additionally have support structures, such as the exemplary ribs / ridges depicted on plate 41 herein. The support structures can reduce or prevent bending or warping of the plates during clamping. Figure 12C The half-open position of the two plates 41 and 42 when they are closed is depicted.

[0158] like Figure 12C , Figure 12D and Figure 12E As shown, the locking and sealing mechanism (implemented here by slider 44) is attached to the first plate 41 via one or more mounting or mating features on the second plate. Slider 44 has mating mounting features that can be operated to permanently attach slider 44 to the second plate. Figure 12D and Figure 12E As depicted, the slider 44 engages with one or more mating features 61 on the second plates 42 on both sides of the electrical transfer box 40b. Figure 12D The closed position, featuring slider 44 and a top, is depicted. Slider 44 slides downwards to lock the box, and... Figure 12E The locked position of the slider when it slides down is depicted.

[0159] Figure 13A , Figure 13B and Figure 13C An exemplary electrical transfer box 40c of the present invention is depicted, which does not have a hinge but has two plates 41 and 42, wherein a slider 44 is attached to one plate. In this embodiment of the electrical transfer box, the slider 44 also includes an engagement mechanism, a locking mechanism, and a sealing mechanism. Figure 13A An open position of an exemplary electrical transfer cartridge 40c is depicted, wherein a transfer stack assembly (not shown) can be placed in a second plate 42. A first plate 41 is operable to close the second plate 42 and the transfer stack. Each plate 41 and 42 accommodates or includes an electrode. The plate electrode includes an electrical interface (not explicitly shown) that can be connected to a power source. The first plate 41 includes or has a locking mechanism (depicted as a slider 44) attached to or connected to the first plate, which is operable to close, lock, and / or seal the two plates together. In this embodiment, the slider 44 also serves as a sealing mechanism. The first plate 41 also has mechanical features that guide the sliding movement of the slider 44 to enable a smooth closure / locking / sealing for the user. Additional sealing mechanism components of the electrical transfer cartridge 40c include a washer 17 that can be placed inside one of the two plates 41 or 42 so that it is positioned between the two plates when closed. According to one embodiment, Figure 13B The slider is depicted in its closed but unlocked position at the top, and Figure 13C The locked position of the slider when it slides down is depicted.

[0160] Figure 14A , Figure 14B , Figure 14C , Figure 14D and Figure 14EAn exemplary electrical transfer box 40d of the present invention is depicted, which has no hinge but has two separate plates 41 and 42, one of which has a slider 44 for closing, locking, and sealing. A hook 43' consists of two elements, one located on the slider 44 and the other on the second plate 42. The hook 43' is an extension of the slider 44 and the second plate 42 located on its sides, engaging a locking feature. Each plate 41 and 42 accommodates or includes each electrode (not depicted). The plate electrodes include electrical interfaces (not explicitly shown) that can be directly or indirectly connected to a power source. The first plate 41 includes or has a locking mechanism (depicted as slider 44) attached to or connected to the first plate, which is operable to close, lock, and / or seal the two plates together. In this embodiment, the slider 44 also serves as a sealing mechanism. The first plate 41 also has mechanical features that guide the sliding movement of the slider 44 to enable smooth closure / locking / sealing for the user. The additional sealing mechanism component of the electrical transfer box 40d includes a gasket that can be placed inside one of the two plates 41 or 42 so that it is positioned between the two plates when the plates are closed. Figure 14A The exploded view of the open position of the transfer stack 63 is depicted. Figure 14B The open position of the plate 42 with the assembled transfer stack 63 is depicted, and the positioning of the locking and sealing mechanism on the plate 41 is also depicted. Figure 14C The partially open position is depicted in detail, featuring a locking and sealing mechanism attached to the first plate 41 via a mating feature on the second plate. The mating and mounting feature allows the slider 44 to be permanently attached to the first plate 41. Figure 14D As shown, the slider engages with one or more mating features on the second plate 42. These features are located on the sides and bottom of both plates. Figure 14D The diagram depicts a closed position with three mating features on each side or edge and a corresponding feature on the bottom of the second plate 42, with the slider 44 engaging with the corresponding feature to form a lock. A seal is then formed by sliding the slider 44 upwards. Figure 14E The unlocking position according to one embodiment and additional details regarding the interlocking mechanism are depicted.

[0161] Figure 15A , Figure 15B , Figure 15C and Figure 15D An exemplary electrical transfer box 40e of the present invention is depicted, which has a hinge 43 as a engagement mechanism and a slider 44 for closing and locking on the side of one of the plates. Figure 15AA front view of the inner side of the electrical transfer box 40e in the open position is depicted, and plates 41 and 42 connected by one or more hinges 43 are shown. Each plate 41 and 42 houses or includes plate electrodes 46 and 47. The plate electrodes include electrical interfaces (not explicitly shown) for connection to a power source. The second plate 42 includes or has a locking mechanism (depicted as a slider 44) attached to the side of the second plate via snap-fit ​​features that allow the slider to be permanently clamped to the side of the second plate. The slider 44 has mating mounting features that allow a clamp to be held in the second plate. The slider 44 can be operated to close, lock, and / or seal both plates. In this embodiment, the slider 44 also serves as a sealing mechanism. The first plate 41 also has mechanical features that guide the sliding movement of the slider 44 to enable a smooth closure / locking / sealing for the user. Additional sealing mechanism components of the electrical transfer box 40e include a gasket (not shown) that can be placed inside one of the two plates 41 or 42 so that it is positioned between the two plates when the plates are closed. Figure 15B An external rear view of the electrical transfer box 40e in the open position is depicted, which shows the support structure 53 providing mechanical support.

[0162] Figure 15C A closed but unlocked position with a slider is depicted, which slides downward to lock the box. When slider 44 slides downward, a feature on the clamp engages with a feature designed into the first plate to lock and seal the two plates to form a liquid-tight seal. Figure 15D The locked and sealed position of the electrical transfer box 40e according to one embodiment is depicted, wherein the slider 44 slides downward.

[0163] Figure 16 An exemplary electrical transfer box 40f of the present invention in a closed and locked position according to one embodiment is depicted. The exemplary electrical transfer box has at least one hinge 43 as an engagement mechanism and at least one slider 44 on one of the plates for closing and locking, wherein the slider slides downward to form a lock and seal and slides upward to unlock and open. Other components of the sealing mechanism may include gaskets located on the inner surface of at least one of the plates.

[0164] Figure 17A and Figure 17BTwo different exemplary electrotransfer cartridges 40g and 40h according to the invention are depicted, each having two unconnected individual plates movable between an open and closed position via an engagement feature. The engagement feature includes one or more disconnected hinges that can be locked and sealed to a slider 44, each plate having a different number of contact points at its locking interface to the slider. The slider 44 includes a sealing and locking mechanism. Other components of the sealing mechanism may include gaskets located on the inner surface of at least one of the plates.

[0165] The slider 44 forms a liquid-tight seal by engaging one or more mating features designed on opposing plates. The mating features are located on the sides and bottom of these plates. In some embodiments, the liquid-tight seal is formed by the pressure generated between the gasket and the plate as the slider moves to the locked position. Figure 17A The plate has three engagement features on each side, on which the slider 44 engages with the electrical transfer box on the opposite plate, and has a feature at the bottom to engage with the electrical transfer box, thereby locking and sealing the electrical transfer box. Figure 17B Features of slider 44 on each side / edge of the opposite plate and a feature at the bottom are shown.

[0166] Figure 18 An exemplary electrical transfer box 40i of the present invention is depicted, the exemplary electrical transfer box having two separate plates 41 and 42, wherein a hinge 43 (such as a hook or a disengaged hinge) is provided at the bottom of the plates, and a slider 44 for closing and locking, wherein the slider slides downward to lock the box and slides upward to unlock it. The slider 44 includes a sealing and locking mechanism. Other components of the sealing mechanism may include a gasket located on the inner surface of at least one of the plates.

[0167] 6) Systems for electrical transfer: like Figures 19A to 19C As shown, the electrotransfer cartridge 40 of the present invention is configured to be placed in the system 100 of the present invention, which is capable of performing both electrophoresis and / or electrotransfer. In some embodiments, such as Figures 10A to 18 As shown and described, the electrical transfer cartridges (such as 40 and 40a-40i) are configured to be placed in system 100 or any other system capable of performing electrical transfer. Similar parts have similar designations to those shown in the previous figures and will not be repeated.

[0168] In some embodiments, the electrotransfer cartridge of the present invention is configured to be placed in a system of the present invention capable of performing both electrophoresis and / or electrotransfer, or to be prevented from being placed in any electrotransfer system after being sealed.

[0169] In some embodiments, during use, the liquid reservoir of the closed and sealed electrotransfer cartridge of the present invention is filled with buffer solution and placed in the chamber of the system of the present invention capable of performing both electrophoresis and / or electrotransfer, and the cap of the system is placed on the chamber and connected to a power source to make the circuitry of the electrotransfer cartridge system complete.

[0170] Figure 19A A front perspective view of an exemplary electrotransfer system 100 of the present invention according to one embodiment is depicted, showing an electrode inserted into a chamber of the system. Figure 10H An exemplary electrical transfer box. Figure 19B A description of an embodiment Figure 19A A front view of an exemplary electrical transfer system. Figure 19C A depiction is provided according to one embodiment, wherein the cap is placed on top. Figure 19A A front perspective view of an exemplary electrical transfer system.

[0171] like Figure 19C The system 100 depicted for performing electrical transfer has a cap 20. (As shown in the image) Figure 19A and Figure 19B As shown, system 100 includes: at least two chambers 10a and 10b; a single first electrode 12 spanning the two chambers and connected to a first electrode node 12d located on the top side of the chamber; second electrodes 13a and 13b located in each chamber, the two second electrodes being connected at a common second electrode node 13d located on the top side of the chamber, each chamber being configured to independently receive an electrical transfer box 40. Although Figures 19A to 19C The embodiment depicted illustrates an electrical transfer cartridge 40, but other electrical transfer cartridges of the present invention (such as 40a-40i) may also be inserted into chambers 10a and 10b to reach the system 100 for electrical transfer. Similarly, although the electrical transfer cartridge 40 is described in further detail in the specification as an exemplary embodiment describing an electrical transfer system, this should not be construed as limiting the scope of this application. Electrical transfer cartridges 40a-40i with similar components are also described, and the differences are detailed in the preceding sections.

[0172] The electrotransfer cartridge 40 includes: two plates 41 and 42 joined by at least one hinge 43 configured to allow movement of the two plates from an open position and a closed position; a slider 44 operable to lock and seal the two plates in the closed position to form a liquid-impermeable seal on three sides 48, 49, and 50, wherein the second plate 42 is configured to receive components of the transfer stack on its inner side 42a, and wherein the outer side 42b of the second plate and the outer side 41b of the first plate 41 include at least one electrical connector 45 (such as 45a, 45b, 45c, and 45d), each of which is connected to a plate electrode 46 or 47 located on the inner side of each plate, the electrical connector 45 on the first plate 41 and the second plate 42 being in electrical contact with a first electrode 12 and a second electrode 13 of chambers 10a and 10b; and a removable cover 20 covering a base 120. The cover 20 provides an electrical connection to a power source and has electrical connectors such as electrical contacts 23a and 24a. When the power transfer cartridge 40 is placed in the base 120 and the cover 20 covers the base, these electrical connectors are electrically connected to the electrical connectors / interfaces 45 of the power transfer cartridge 40 to complete the circuitry. In one embodiment, the system 100 for power transfer according to the present invention includes one power transfer cartridge. In one embodiment, the system for power transfer according to the present invention includes two power transfer cartridges.

[0173] In a non-limiting example, the electrotransfer cassette that can be used may include a cassette that can be used to simultaneously transfer biomolecules from one or more microgel cassettes, one or more medium-sized gel cassettes, one or more large gel cassettes to one or more electrotransfer membranes.

[0174] 7) Tray for electrotransfer: Figure 20 A front perspective view of an exemplary tray 55 for assembling a transfer stack 63 into an electrical transfer box (40 or 40a-40i) according to one embodiment is depicted. The tray 55 includes two compartments 57 and 58, a partition 59, and a pouring opening 56, wherein the larger compartment 57 is used for assembling the transfer stack 63 into the electrical transfer box (40 or 40a-40i). Figure 22A An exemplary tray 55 for use with an open electrical transfer cartridge 40, according to one embodiment, is depicted. In use, the open electrical transfer cartridge (such as 40, 40a-h) of the present invention is placed in the tray 55. The open electrical transfer cartridge (such as... Figure 22B (As shown) is positioned such that partition 59 divides part of tray 55. The rear wall of tray 55 is tapered so that the electrical transfer box is open when the user assembles the transfer stack. Compartment 58 (in Figure 20 The compartment shown in the middle is used for wetting and transferring stacked materials and components, and compartment 57 (in...) Figure 20The rear compartment (shown in the middle) is used to assemble the transfer stack into the second plate 42 of the open electrotransfer cartridge 40. The larger rear compartment 57 is where the electrotransfer cartridge 40 is placed in its open configuration, with the second plate 42 (cathode side) placed at the bottom of the compartment 57 (on the flat surface of the compartment 57), and the first plate 41 (anode side) placed on the angled surface of the compartment 57. When the user assembles / builds the transfer stack 63 into the second plate 42 of the electrotransfer cartridge 40, any buffer solution that overflows from the electrotransfer cartridge while in the tray is captured by the tray to prevent buffer solution spillage in the laboratory.

[0175] The partition 59 has a higher surface 59'' with lugs 59' on both sides. The higher surface 59'' may have a printed image of the transfer stack configuration to guide the user in correctly assembling the transfer stack into the electrotransfer cartridge. The surface is angled so that the printed image (not shown here) is not obstructed by the transfer stack during user assembly. The lugs 59' allow any liquid in the rear compartment 57 to flow into the front compartment 58 for disposal after the transfer stack is assembled and the electrotransfer cartridge 40 is closed and locked. The tray 55 has two pouring ports 56 at the front corner for the safe disposal of the buffer solution. The pouring ports 56 are conveniently, ergonomically, and safely disposed of hazardous waste into the waste container. The pouring ports 56 are particularly useful because the transfer buffer solution contains methanol, a hazardous chemical that must be disposed of in the hazardous waste container rather than poured into a sink.

[0176] II. method: Embodiments of the present invention relate to a method for performing gel electrophoresis, the method comprising at least one of: obtaining a gel electrophoresis system; obtaining a sample containing at least one biomolecule to be electrophoresed; and performing electrophoresis. Embodiments of the present invention relate to a method for performing electrotransfer of biomolecules using the apparatus and system described herein. Non-limiting examples of electrophoretic or transferable biomolecules include, but are not limited to, nucleic acids, DNA, RNA, polypeptides, and proteins.

[0177] 1) Electrophoresis method

[0178] Figure 21 Exemplary method steps for assembling an electrophoresis system 100, 100', or 110' for electrophoresis are described, wherein system 100' of the present invention first receives clamp 28. Then, an electrotransfer cartridge 40 is inserted between the clamp and the inner chamber wall of the system, and the cam handle 30 of clamp 28 is clamped into a locked position by moving the cam handle 30 to a locked position. Alternatively, system 100 may first receive an electrophoresis gel cartridge 35 and then receive clamp 28.

[0179] Although Figure 21The description depicts the reception of the electrophoresis box 40 and the fixture 28 in two chambers, but as can be clearly seen from the descriptions in the above sections, only one chamber can be assembled with an electrophoresis box and a fixture.

[0180] Figure 21 The cam handle 30 is depicted in the locked position. During the insertion of the clamp 28 into the system 100, the cam handle 30 will be in the unlocked position, and will move to the locked position after the electrophoresis gel cartridge 35 is inserted.

[0181] In a system in which the cover 20 is part of system 100, the cover 20 may be placed on top before the electrical interface on system 100' is connected to a power source via the cover electrical connector. Alternatively, electrode nodes 12d and 13d of system 100' may be connected directly or indirectly to a power source. Clamps, cam handles, electrodes, and nodes / interfaces are shown and described in other parts of this specification.

[0182] In some embodiments, a method of performing gel electrophoresis includes: obtaining an electrophoresis gel cartridge 35 having a gel; removing a gel comb from the electrophoresis cartridge; optionally rinsing the wells with water or running buffer; placing the electrophoresis cartridge into at least one chamber 10a or 10b of the system 100' or 100 of the present invention; placing the clamp 28 of the present invention into the chamber and clamping the gel cartridge onto a portion of the surface of the chamber; pouring electrophoresis buffer into a first buffer reservoir formed by clamping; pouring electrophoresis buffer into a second buffer reservoir formed by clamping; loading the sample and optionally a control into the wells of the gel; connecting the system's electrode nodes 12d and 13d / electrical interfaces / electrical connectors (which are electrically connected to the electrodes of the chambers) to a power source; selecting the voltage and time of the power source; and performing electrophoresis on the sample and the control.

[0183] In some embodiments of the method, the gel box is placed adjacent to a gasket 17 on the wall of at least one chamber.

[0184] In some embodiments, the clamping step includes moving the cam handle 30 of the clamp of the present invention toward the electrophoresis gel cassette 35 to lock them in place.

[0185] In some embodiments, the first buffer reservoir and the second buffer reservoir contain the same buffer solution. In some embodiments, the first buffer reservoir and the second buffer reservoir contain different buffer solutions. The choice of buffer solution depends on the composition of the gel matrix and the gel buffer.

[0186] In some embodiments, the system of the present invention has a cover 20. In these embodiments, the step of connecting the electrode nodes 12d and 13d / electrical interfaces / electrical connectors in the system 100 to a power source includes: after the cam handles 30a and 30b are locked, placing the cover 20 onto the chamber such that the electrical contacts 23a and 24a of the cover are connected to the electrode nodes 12d and 13d / electrical interfaces / electrical connectors of the system with the correct polarity; and connecting the plug 21 in the cover to a power source.

[0187] In some embodiments, a method of performing gel electrophoresis according to the present invention includes: obtaining an electrophoresis cartridge having a gel; removing a gel comb from the electrophoresis cartridge; removing a strip from the electrophoresis cartridge; optionally rinsing the wells with water or running buffer; placing the electrophoresis cartridge into at least one chamber of the system for electrophoresis of the present invention, wherein the well openings of the gel are oriented toward the cathode electrode; placing a clamp of the present invention into the chamber and clamping the gel cartridge onto a portion of the surface of the chamber, thereby forming two separate reservoirs, namely a cathode reservoir and an anode reservoir; pouring buffer into a first buffer reservoir, namely the cathode reservoir; (the buffer in the cathode reservoir may optionally contain an antioxidant); pouring buffer into a second buffer reservoir, namely the anode reservoir; loading samples and controls into the wells of the gel cartridge; placing the system cap onto the chamber; connecting an electrical connector on the cap to a power source; selecting the voltage and time of the power source; and performing electrophoresis on the samples and controls.

[0188] 2) Electrotransfer method

[0189] The present invention also provides electrotransfer cartridges (40, 40a-40i) and electrotransfer systems 100 and 100'. In some embodiments, the gel used for the electrotransfer of biomolecules from a gel to a transfer membrane is a gel that operates in any electrophoresis system. In other embodiments, the gel used in the electrotransfer method of the present invention may be a gel that operates in electrophoresis systems 100, 100', or 110, as described above.

[0190] In some embodiments, the gel on which electrophoresis has been performed to resolve biomolecules is first removed from the electrophoresis chamber. This may include prying or breaking open the electrophoresis chamber with a gel scalpel and removing the gel before assembling the transfer stack. The transfer stack typically comprises a sponge and one or more layers of filter paper (or any porous material such as a gel / matrix) soaked in an electrotransfer buffer, followed by a gel on which biomolecules resolved by electrophoresis are placed, followed by another stack of a transfer membrane (typically nitrocellulose, PVDF, nylon membrane, or any porous material), one or more layers of filter paper soaked in an electrotransfer buffer, and another sponge (see [link to documentation]). Figure 22BThe stack can be assembled onto a plate of an electrical transfer box. Typically, the plate in an electrical transfer box with a cathode is a stack assembled therein. In some embodiments of the invention, the tray of the invention is designed to place the electrical transfer box in an open position and assemble the transfer stack (see [reference needed] for the placement of the tray and the electrical transfer box within the tray). Figure 22A The tray of this invention is designed to hold excess buffer solution and prevent spills and soiling on laboratory workbenches and tables.

[0191] Figures 22A to 22F Methods and steps for electrotransfer using the apparatus and system of the present invention are described. In one embodiment, a method for performing electrotransfer of biomolecules includes: obtaining a gel to which biomolecules are separated by electrophoresis; assembling a transfer stack onto a second plate of the electrotransfer cartridge of the present invention, including placing transfer material on top of the gel and further placing filter paper and a sponge above and below the transfer material and the gel. Figure 22B ); Close the first plate of the electrical transfer box onto the second plate ( Figure 22C The electric transfer box is locked and sealed on at least three or more sides by a locking and sealing mechanism on the box. Figure 22D or Figure 10H The electrotransfer cartridge is placed into at least one chamber of the system of the present invention, which is capable of performing electrotransfer and electrophoresis. Figure 22D and Figure 22E Connect the electrical connectors / nodes / interfaces on the system to the power supply (not depicted); select the transfer voltage and runtime on the power supply; perform the electrotransfer of biomolecules from the gel to the transfer material.

[0192] In one embodiment, locking and sealing are achieved by sliding a slider on the electrical transfer cartridge to lock and seal the electrical transfer cartridge (e.g., Figure 22C and Figure 22D or Figure 10H In another embodiment, locking and sealing are achieved by clamping the fixture onto the electrical transfer cartridge to lock and seal the electrical transfer cartridge (e.g., Figures 11A to 11C ).

[0193] In some embodiments, the seal forms a liquid-impermeable seal. In some embodiments, a liquid-impermeable seal is formed on at least three sides of the electrotransfer cartridge. Figure 22D or Figure 10H In one embodiment, placing the electrotransfer cartridge into the chamber of the system of the present invention comprises: positioning the electrotransfer cartridge upright such that the engaging side (hinge / hook side) is located at the bottom of the system, while the unsealed fourth side is located at the top. Figure 22D or Figure 10HAt this stage, the method may optionally include pouring electrotransfer buffer into an opening at the top of the electrotransfer cartridge. In some embodiments, it is not necessary to pour additional electrotransfer buffer into the electrotransfer cartridge because the transfer stack has sufficient buffer. In embodiments where the system of the present invention has a cap, the step of connecting the electrical connectors on the system to a power source includes: placing the cap onto the chamber such that the electrical connectors of the cap (such as electrical contacts 23a and 24a) are connected to the electrode connectors of the chamber (such as electrode nodes 12d and 13d); and connecting the electrical connectors on the cap (such as 21) to a power source. Figure 22F ).

[0194] In some embodiments, the assembly of the transfer stack in the second plate is completed by placing the opened electrotransfer box into a tray to avoid buffer spillage on the surface. Figure 22A and Figure 22C In some embodiments, the stack assembly steps include the following steps: soaking filter paper and sponge in transfer buffer; pouring transfer buffer into a first plate; placing a layer of sponge, followed by filter paper, on a second plate; oriented a gel containing resolved biomolecules (nucleic acids or proteins) with the pores facing the bottom side of the electrotransfer cartridge and placing the gel over the filter paper; placing a transfer membrane on top of the gel; and using rollers to remove any air bubbles from each layer of the stack. Figure 22B ).

[0195] In some embodiments, the assembly of the stack includes the following steps: using a gel or matrix or an ionic material; placing a gel containing a resolved biomolecule (nucleic acid or protein) above the gel / matrix / ionic material and oriented with the aperture facing the bottom side of the electrotransfer cartridge. This embodiment relates to the assembly of a dry cathode stack assembly. In some non-limiting examples, the gel / matrix / ionic material may contain an ion pool or conductive ions in a non-liquid buffer within the gel / matrix / material.

[0196] In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for simultaneously performing electrotransfer and electrophoresis, the method comprising: securing an electrophoresis cartridge in a first chamber of a system of the present invention using a clamp; loading a sample containing biomolecules to be electrophoresed into the electrophoresis cartridge; placing an electrotransfer cartridge having a transfer stack having a gel containing biomolecules and a transfer material to which the biomolecules are desired to be electrotransferred; selecting a voltage using a power supply device and optionally selecting the duration of operation at the desired voltage; performing electrophoresis in the electrophoresis cartridge and performing electrotransfer of the biomolecules from the gel to the transfer material. In some embodiments, due to the use of a common voltage, electrophoresis and electrotransfer are performed at different times.

[0197] Example

[0198] Example 1: Electrophoresis using different gel chemicals

[0199] The electrophoresis system and apparatus of this invention are used to perform electrophoresis on several different gel chemicals and formulations. Table 1 provides some non-limiting exemplary operating conditions during electrophoresis for various types of gel chemicals cast into medium-sized gels. The current values ​​in the table below apply to one gel. If two gels are being run, the current will be doubled. Note that the current and row time values ​​are approximate and will vary depending on the gel percentage and the power supply used for electrophoresis.

[0200] Table 1:

[0201] Example 2: Performance of electrical transfer systems, apparatus, and methods compared to existing electrical transfer devices

[0202] In electrotransfer experiments, the electrotransfer system of the present invention was compared with the Bio-Rad Criterion Tank transfer (electrotransfer) system. In some embodiments, the electrotransfer system of the present invention performs protein electrotransfer at much lower voltage, current, and power compared to the Bio-Rad Criterion Tank. In one example, electrotransfer was performed using a NuPAGE medium gel in both systems, yielding the following results: The electrical transfer in the system of this invention is performed at 25 V / 725 mA / 18.1 W (Note: 25 V) (0.725A = 18.1W) In contrast, the electrotransfer in Bio-Rad's Criterion tank transfer machine requires much higher voltage and power (100 V / 930 mA / 93.0 W).

[0203] Therefore, compared to existing systems, the electrotransfer system of the present invention can use lower power and thus cheaper power supply units. For example, in the electrotransfer system and cartridge of the present invention, a 3A power supply can be used to perform electrotransfer of proteins in four NuPAGE microgels.

[0204] Example 3: Assembly and performance of electrical transfer systems and devices

[0205] In the electrotransfer experiment, the electrotransfer system of this invention was compared with the Thermo Fisher Micro Imprint Module B1000 (an existing electrotransfer system) to analyze the impermeable seal by experimentally studying the comparative leakage rates. The timed leakage test was performed as follows: 1. Wet the electrotransfer system unit to enable opening and closing of the device during underwater operation. Ensure the unit is wetted before each leak test.

[0206] 2. Before measurement, construct the electrotransfer stack and fully immerse all components in water: 1) Wet the sponge (quantity 2).

[0207] 2) Wet the filter paper (quantity 4)

[0208] 3) Assemble the electrotransfer stack in the following order: sponge (x1), filter paper (x4), and sponge (x1).

[0209] 4) Roll each layer with a transfer roller to remove any air bubbles between each stack.

[0210] 3. Tare the tray and weigh it; the electrotransfer system unit will then be placed in the tray.

[0211] 4. Set the timer to different time intervals of at least 30 minutes, where 30 minutes is the recommended time for electrical transfer.

[0212] 5. Close and clamp the electrical transfer system

[0213] 6. Shake / knock off excess water

[0214] 7. Place the electrotransfer system upright on the weighing tray.

[0215] 8. Add water to the bottom of the water line.

[0216] 9. Start the timer

[0217] 10. Record the leakage rate by lifting the electrotransfer system from the tray and recording the weight of any water that may have leaked into the tray.

[0218] Tables 2 and 3 provide results for the existing Thermo Fisher microimprint module B1000 in relation to the exemplary electrotransfer system of the present invention. As can be seen from Tables 2 and 3, while the average weight of the existing microimprint module is 9.9675 grams, the electrotransfer system of the present invention in Table 3 showed no leakage in measurements taken at different time intervals of 0–30 minutes.

[0219] Table 2: Leakage test results of Thermo Fisher Micro Imprint Module B1000:

[0220] Note: Microimprinting modules 1, 2, 3, and 4 are different electrotransfer units used in the experiment.

[0221] Table 3: Leakage test results of the exemplary electrical transfer system of the present invention:

[0222] Note: DVT #1, #2 and #3 are different electrical transfer units used in the experiment.

[0223] Example 4: Performance of Electrical Transfer Systems and Devices

[0224] In the electrotransfer experiment, the electrotransfer system of this invention simulates "real-time aging" by treating the electrotransfer system at 80°C for different hours, thereby undergoing "accelerated aging." These devices also simulate actual use over time through transfer operation, repeated clamping and opening, and transfer buffering. Experiments were conducted to study and compare leakage rates, analyzing the relationship between the liquid-impermeable sealing performance of the aging unit and its "aging." The timed leakage test setup was as described in Example 3 above. Table 4 below lists the leakage rate data related to aging. As shown in Table 4, the "aging" time is related to the equivalent time the electrotransfer unit spends on the shelf. For example, time = 0 corresponds to no aging at 80°C, time = 1 month corresponds to aging at 80°C for 14.39 hours. Time = 24 One month corresponds to aging at 80°C for 345.36 hours, etc. This experiment demonstrates that even after aging, the leakage rate of the electrotransfer system of this invention is much lower than that of existing systems.

[0225] Table 4: Accelerated Life Testing—Leakage Testing of the Exemplary Electrotransfer System of the Invention: The age of the DVT unit is between 0 and 24 months.

[0226] Since the existing systems tested in the 30-minute leakage test are older, operational systems, they are equivalent to the electrotransfer systems of the present invention, which have undergone accelerated aging as described above. Tables 5 and 6 below provide a summary of 30-minute leakage test data for the accelerated-aging electrotransfer systems of the present invention compared to the older existing systems extracted from the tables above, to facilitate a more convenient comparison of 30-minute performance.

[0227] Table 5:

[0228] Table 6:

[0229] The data from the 30-minute leakage test show that the existing microprinting module B1000 system has a leakage rate of 9.97g after 30 minutes, while some tests of the electroprinting system of this invention show a leakage rate of 1.09g.

[0230] All publications, patents and patent applications mentioned in this specification are incorporated herein by reference, just as each individual publication, patent or patent application is specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated herein by reference.

[0231] While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described herein, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided merely as examples. Those skilled in the art will now recognize various modifications, variations, and substitutions without departing from the invention. It should be understood that various alternatives to the embodiments of the invention described herein may be employed in the practice of the invention. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined solely by the following claims, and thereby encompass the methods and structures within the scope of these claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A system (100) comprising: At least two chambers (10a, 10b); Each of the at least two chambers (10a, 10b) is independently configured to receive an electrophoresis box (35) or an electrotransfer box (40). First electrode (12); and Second electrode (13). The first electrode (12) and the second electrode (13) have electrical interfaces that can be connected to a power source. The first electrode (12) and the second electrode (13) each include an extension extending into each of the at least two chambers (10a, 10b), such that each of the at least two chambers (10a, 10b) has an anode and a cathode.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The at least two chambers (10a, 10b) are arranged back to back, the at least two chambers (10a, 10b) are adjacent to each other, or the at least two chambers (10a, 10b) are arranged in series.

3. The system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The at least two chambers (10a, 10b) are separated by at least one common surface (14) between them. Optionally, the common surface (14) is the wall between at least a portion of the at least two chambers (10a, 10b), and / or Optionally, the at least two chambers (10a, 10b) are separated by a space (15) between the at least two chambers (10a, 10b).

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Further includes: A cap (20) configured to cover the at least two chambers (10a, 10b), the cap (20) comprising: Electrical connector (21), which can be detachably connected to a power source, optionally includes one or more cables (21c, 21d) that can be inserted into the power source, and optionally the power source is external to the device; One or more electrical contacts configured to be electrically connected to the first electrode (12) and the second electrode (13) when the cover (20) is placed on the at least two chambers (10a, 10b) to ensure circuit integrity between the first electrode (12) and the second electrode (13) for each of the at least two chambers (10a, 10b).

5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the at least two chambers (10a, 10b) has a first inner surface (16a) and a second inner surface (16b); and / or The system further includes a washer (17) located on or adjacent to a portion of the first inner surface (16a), and optionally, the washer (17) is a three-sided washer.

6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrophoresis chamber (35) comprises two parallel plates (33a, 33b), with a gel sealed between the two plates (33a, 33b), and / or Each of the at least two chambers (10a, 10b) is further configured to independently receive a clamp (28) operable to hold the electrophoresis box (35) within the chamber. The electrophoresis box (35) is placed and clamped into one of the at least two chambers (10a, 10b), which can form two fluidly separated sub-chambers in the one chamber, wherein the sub-chambers are used as buffer reservoirs.

7. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first electrode (12) spans the at least two chambers (10a, 10b) and is configured to electrically contact the electrical interface on the electrical transfer box (40). Optionally, the first electrode (12) has an extension that enters each of the at least two chambers (10a, 10b), the extension serving as an anode during electrophoresis.

8. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Wherein the first electrode (12) is the anode, and / or The second electrode (13) is the cathode.

9. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second electrode (13) has an extension configured to contact the second electrode interface on the electrical transfer box (40); and / or The second electrode (13) has the extension that serves as a cathode in each of the at least two chambers (10a, 10b).

10. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first electrode (12) is connected to the first electrode node (12d), and the second electrode (13) is connected to a common second electrode node (13d). Optionally, the first electrode node (12d) and the second electrode node (13d) are located on the portions of the at least two chambers (10a, 10b) that are in contact with the cap (20).

11. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first electrode (12) further includes a line (12c) that extends along the bottom of each of the at least two chambers (10a, 10b).

12. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The cap (20) is further defined as one or more of the following: (a) wherein the cover (20) further includes a cable winding feature (26) for winding a cable during storage; (b) wherein the cover includes a mechanical feature that interacts with a complementary mechanical feature on the top of the chamber such that an electrical contact on the cover (20) is connected to a first electrode node (12d) and a second electrode node (13d) in an orientation that prevents the first electrode (12) and the second electrode (13) from reversing during use of the system; (c) wherein the cover (20) includes a color-coded feature that is operable to cover the chamber in an orientation that allows the electrical contacts of the cover (20) to connect with the corresponding first electrode node (12d) and second electrode node (13d), the orientation preventing the first electrode (12) and the second electrode (13) from being reversed during use.

13. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The at least two chambers (10a, 10b) each have an electrophoresis box (35) and a clamp (28); or The at least two chambers (10a, 10b) each have an electrical transfer box (40); or One of the at least two chambers (10a, 10b) has an electrophoresis box (35) and a clamp (28), and the other chamber has an electrotransfer box (40).

14. A method for performing gel electrophoresis, the method comprising: Obtain an electrophoresis box containing gel (35); Remove the gel comb from the electrophoresis box (35); Remove the strip from the electrophoresis box (35); Optionally rinse the wells of the gel cartridge with water or running buffer; The electrophoresis box (35) is placed in at least one chamber of the system according to any one of claims 1-13, wherein the opening of the gel box is oriented toward the cathode electrode; The clamp (28) is placed into the chamber and the gel box is clamped onto a portion of the surface of the chamber, thereby forming two separate buffer reservoirs, namely a cathode reservoir and an anode reservoir; Pour the buffer solution into the cathode reservoir; Pour the buffer solution into the anode reservoir; The sample and, optionally, the control are loaded into the well of the gel cartridge; Place the cap (20) of the system (100) according to claim 4 onto the slot; Connect the electrical connector on the cover (20) to a power source; Use the power supply to select the voltage and time; as well as Electrophoresis was performed on the sample and the control.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the gel box is placed adjacent to a gasket (17) on the wall of at least one of the chambers; and / or The clamping includes the step of moving the cam handle toward the gel box to lock the cam handle in place.

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