Rotating machine with position sensor

Abstract

The invention relates to a rotary machine (1), in particular an electric motor (1), having a position detection mechanism (4) for detecting the rotational position of a pole wheel (2) which can be rotated about a rotational axis, wherein the pole wheel has a peripheral edge (22) and wherein the position detection mechanism (4) has at least one first position sensor (42) for detecting a change in a magnetic field (H) and at least one magnetic element (44) is arranged on the pole wheel, wherein the position detection mechanism furthermore has at least one printed circuit board (6) on which electronic components are arranged and wherein the first position sensor (42) is also arranged at least indirectly on the printed circuit board. According to the invention, the first position sensor (42) at least partially extends into the space of the pole wheel which is surrounded by the peripheral edge (22).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a rotating machine and more particularly to an electric motor. Background Technology

[0002] Such machines have long been known by existing technology. It is also known by existing technology, particularly for detecting the rotational position of such rotating machines during operation. Furthermore, it is known that such machines, such as electric motors, are controlled and / or adjusted based on this rotational position. For this purpose, electric motor sensors capable of detecting rotational orientation are used. Position measurement systems are known, which detect the corresponding rotational position or orientation using optical, magnetic, or coil techniques.

[0003] Optical systems are, in part, quite mechanically sensitive and require small mechanical tolerances during assembly (especially due to thermal expansion). Furthermore, optical systems are quite expensive to manufacture and require significant investment and specialized expertise in production. Additionally, optical sensors are, in part, sensitive to contamination.

[0004] For coils, multiple rotations, multiple rotations, or digital interfaces are often not feasible. Magnetic sensors react in part to factors such as the magnetic field of the material, the effects of the magnetic field, and generally are very sensitive to external influences.

[0005] Magnetic systems still have advantages, such as being relatively inexpensive to manufacture. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Therefore, the object of the present invention is to improve a magnetic position sensor for such applications. This is achieved according to the subject matter of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments and improvements are the subject matter of the dependent claims.

[0007] The rotating machine according to the invention, particularly the electric motor, has a position detection mechanism for detecting the rotational position of a magnetic pole rotor capable of rotating about a rotation axis. This magnetic pole rotor has a periphery, and the position detection mechanism has at least one first position sensor for detecting changes in the magnetic field. At least one magnetic element is arranged on the magnetic pole rotor (preferably this magnetic element and the position sensor for detecting the rotational position work together). Furthermore, the position detection mechanism has at least one printed circuit board on which electronic components are arranged, and the first position sensor is also arranged, at least indirectly, on this printed circuit board.

[0008] Preferably, the first position sensor extends at least partially into the space surrounded by the periphery of the magnetic pole rotor. Preferably, the magnetic element is arranged inside the periphery. In a preferred embodiment, the magnetic element at least partially and preferably completely constitutes the periphery.

[0009] "The position sensor is arranged at least indirectly on the printed circuit board" means that the position sensor can be arranged directly on the printed circuit board, but the position sensor can also be arranged on another base, which is arranged on the printed circuit board and extends in particular toward the direction of the magnetic pole rotor.

[0010] "The space surrounded by the periphery of the magnetic pole rotor" specifically refers to a region that extends into the interior of the magnetic pole rotor or its internal space with respect to a plane formed by the periphery or the end side of the periphery; that is, the position sensor extends into the interior of the magnetic pole rotor or this internal space. "Rotating machine" refers to a machine that particularly outputs rotational motion.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the magnetic pole rotor, as a magnetic element, has a permanent magnet. Therefore, for example, a single permanent magnet with a magnetic north pole and a magnetic south pole can be present. However, multiple permanent magnets can also be arranged, and in particular, multiple permanent magnets can be arranged alternately, thereby changing the accuracy of rotational position detection.

[0012] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the device has an evaluation mechanism for evaluating at least one detection result from the first position sensor. Preferably, the evaluation mechanism has a control unit for evaluating at least one detection result from the first position sensor.

[0013] In another preferred embodiment, the rotating machine has a rotor and / or a stator. Particularly preferably, the rotor is mechanically connected to the motor shaft. Particularly preferably, the magnetic pole rotor is also arranged on this motor shaft with particularly strong torsional resistance. Particularly preferably, the magnetic pole rotor is held as close as possible to the circuit board mentioned above.

[0014] The circuit board or printed circuit board is used, in particular, for controlling and evaluating rotational position detection. This is achieved by the design scheme described herein, in which the magnetic pole rotor or the magnetic field generated by its magnet is arranged as close as possible to the sensor mechanism, i.e., one or more position sensors, or rotated relative to these sensor mechanisms or position sensors.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, a recess is formed in the printed circuit board, and the periphery of the magnetic pole rotor extends within the recess. This allows the magnetic pole rotor to be guided very close to the circuit board, and especially to the position sensor. However, as mentioned above, it is also possible that another base is arranged on the circuit board, which also extends into the magnetic pole rotor, or that the base is designed such that at least one portion of the position sensor, and especially the position sensor, extends into the magnetic pole rotor. Preferably, the aforementioned periphery of the magnetic element of the magnetic pole rotor also extends within this recess.

[0016] However, in the design described herein, recesses are formed in the circuit board, which is particularly preferably done by milling, especially deep milling. In this way, it is possible to construct a central island on the printed circuit board, on which one or more position sensors and / or magnetic field sensors are placed. The magnetic pole rotor is constructed within a milled pitch circle surrounding this sensor island, on which the one or more position sensors are arranged. Thus, the printed circuit board is specifically designed to record and measure the magnetic pole rotor angle. Preferably, this island has a circular cross-section when viewed along the axis of rotation of the magnetic pole rotor.

[0017] Preferably, the one or more position sensors are arranged inside the magnetic pole rotor in this manner, and in particular inside the grooves or openings formed by the magnetic pole rotor.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment, the groove arranged in the circuit board is a milled portion disposed in the circuit board. Particularly preferred is that the groove is an annular groove. It is particularly preferred that an annular groove be provided because the periphery of the magnetic pole rotor is constructed as annular and can extend within this groove. Furthermore, such an annular groove can be manufactured in a particularly simple manner by milling.

[0019] Particularly preferably, the one or more position sensors extend into the magnetic pole rotor along the axis of rotation of the magnetic pole rotor by a predetermined length, and this length is at least 1.0 mm. Preferably, this length is at least 1.2 mm, preferably 1.4 mm, preferably 1.6 mm, preferably 1.8 mm, and preferably 2.0 mm. This inward extension reduces the distance between the permanent magnet of the magnetic pole rotor and the position sensor, thereby improving the accuracy of position measurement. Preferably, this length is less than 8 mm, preferably less than 6 mm, preferably less than 4 mm, and particularly preferably less than 3 mm. These maximum lengths have proven sufficient for adequate detection of the magnetic field generated by the (permanent) magnet of the magnetic pole rotor.

[0020] In another advantageous embodiment, the position detection mechanism has a plurality of position sensors. These position sensors are preferably all arranged inside the magnetic pole rotor. Particularly preferred are at least 4, preferably at least 6, preferably at least 8, preferably at least 10, preferably at least 12, and preferably at least 14 position sensors. These position sensors are particularly preferably arranged along a circumference and particularly preferably equidistant (especially along this circumference).

[0021] In another preferred embodiment, the printed circuit board has a thickness greater than 1.5 mm, preferably greater than 2.0 mm, preferably greater than 2.5 mm, and preferably greater than 3.0 mm. In another design, the printed circuit board has a thickness less than 5.0 mm, preferably less than 4.0 mm, and preferably less than 3.5 mm.

[0022] In another preferred embodiment, the groove has a thickness greater than 1.0 mm, preferably greater than 1.5 mm, and preferably greater than 2.0 mm along the thickness direction of the circuit board (i.e., the radial direction about the axis of rotation).

[0023] In another preferred embodiment, the groove has a depth of less than 3.0 mm, preferably less than 2.0 mm, preferably less than 2.8 mm, and preferably less than 2.5 mm along the thickness direction of the circuit board.

[0024] Preferably, the circuit board is arranged relative to the periphery of the magnetic pole rotor such that the distance between the circuit board or the bottom of the groove and the periphery is greater than 0.2 mm, preferably greater than 0.4 mm, and preferably greater than 0.6 mm. Particularly preferably, the magnetic pole rotor is arranged relative to the circuit board such that the distance between the periphery and the bottom of the groove is less than 3.0 mm, preferably less than 2.0 mm, preferably less than 1.8 mm, preferably less than 1.6 mm, and preferably less than 1.4 mm.

[0025] In one design, the milled portion in the circuit board is 2.2 mm deep, allowing the magnetic pole rotor to snap onto the position sensor and the board. This positioning of the magnetic pole rotor on the position sensor minimizes interference from the magnetic field acting on the rotor from the outside, and makes the position measurement or evaluation less susceptible to interference. In another preferred embodiment, the printed circuit board is constructed as a multilayer structure. Particularly preferred is that the printed circuit board has at least two layers, preferably at least three layers, and preferably at least four layers. Therefore, the circuit board can preferably be made of a material such as FR4. FR4 indicates the grade of the circuit board substrate. This relates to epoxy glass-composite materials.

[0026] It is particularly preferred that the printed circuit board or circuit board has six layers. It is particularly preferred that the recess is configured such that two more of these layers are available in the region of the recess and / or the deep milled portion. Thus, in this region, the signal from the position sensor can be connected to other components of the printed circuit board (e.g., between these layers). In another preferred embodiment, the position detection mechanism has another position sensor disposed on the surface of the circuit board opposite to the magnetic pole rotor, that is, disposed on the back side of the printed circuit board (viewed from the magnetic pole rotor).

[0027] The use of this additional position sensor mechanism enables multi-rotation functionality. In particular, this position sensor can detect complete rotation. This additional position sensor mechanism is especially preferred and determined to detect position even in a non-operating state, that is, when the magnetic pole rotor is rotating without being driven.

[0028] The device is particularly preferably equipped with an energy storage device, such as a capacitor or battery, which supplies power to the other position sensor mechanism, especially when the rotating machine is in a cut-off state. Here, it is particularly preferred that the other position detection mechanism be arranged in an area of ​​a printed circuit board opposite the area where the aforementioned position sensor is arranged.

[0029] Therefore, it is particularly preferable that this other position detection mechanism is also located inside the geometric cylinder formed by the periphery of the magnetic pole rotor (even if it is preferred to be outside the magnetic pole rotor). Here, this other position sensor mechanism can be arranged such that the (geometric) axis of rotation of the magnetic pole rotor extends through this position sensor mechanism.

[0030] Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for operating a rotating machine, particularly an electric motor. Here, the position detection mechanism detects the rotational position of a magnetic pole rotor capable of rotating about a rotation axis, wherein the magnetic pole rotor has a periphery, and wherein the position detection mechanism has at least one first position sensor for detecting changes in the magnetic field, and wherein at least one magnetic element is arranged on the magnetic pole rotor. Preferably, the position detection mechanism has at least one printed circuit board, on which electronic components are arranged, and the first position sensor is arranged at least indirectly on this printed circuit board.

[0031] According to the present invention, the first position sensor extends at least partially into the space surrounded by the periphery of the magnetic pole rotor.

[0032] The magnetic pole rotor advantageously rotates relative to the circuit board. Particularly preferred is that the periphery of the magnetic pole rotor rotates within slots and / or milled portions arranged inside the circuit board.

[0033] The position detection mechanism is particularly preferably configured in the manner described above. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Other advantages and implementation methods are evident from the accompanying drawings. Wherein: Figure 1 A perspective view of the magnetic pole rotor and circuit board is shown; Figure 2 Another perspective view is shown, in which the periphery of the magnetic pole rotor extends into a groove; Figure 3 A top view of the printed circuit board along with the magnetic pole rotor arranged on it is shown; and Figure 4 It shows in Figure 3 The top view of the back side of the printed circuit board shown in the figure; Figure 5 Another illustration shows a magnetic pole rotor arranged on a circuit board; Figure 6 It shows in Figure 5 The cross-sectional view shown in the figure; Figure 7 A diagram of a magnetic pole rotor is shown; and Figure 8 An illustration of the sensor cover is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0035] Figure 1 A printed circuit board 6 is shown, which has multiple layers 66, 67, and 68. This printed circuit board has a first surface 6a, which points to the right and specifically to the direction of the magnetic pole rotor 2. Furthermore, the printed circuit board has a rear surface on which components, such as control mechanisms (not shown), can also be arranged.

[0036] The magnetic pole rotor 2 rotates about the axis of rotation D and has at least one magnetic element and, in particular, a permanent magnet inside it (not shown). Reference numeral 22 indicates the periphery of the magnetic pole rotor.

[0037] A surrounding recess 62 and a milled portion are constructed in the printed circuit board 6. Reference numeral 64 indicates a small island-shaped area (not milled) completely surrounded by the recess 62. A number of position sensors 42 are arranged in particular on this island-shaped area 64. These position sensors are evenly distributed along the circumference here.

[0038] Reference numeral B in the attached figure indicates the radial width of this groove. The periphery 22 fits into this groove 62.

[0039] Figure 2 An illustration is shown in which the magnetic pole rotor extends in the groove 62 and, in particular, the periphery 22 extends in this groove.

[0040] Reference numeral 24 indicates the internal space of the magnetic pole rotor, in which the permanent magnet is specifically arranged. It can be seen that the position sensor 42 extends into this space and is thus positioned near the permanent magnet of the magnetic pole rotor.

[0041] Reference numeral D indicates the thickness of the circuit board, and reference numeral 72 indicates the cooling element. Preferably, the width B of the recess is designed such that the periphery is also spaced from the periphery of the recess by at least 0.2 mm, preferably at least 0.3 mm, preferably at least 0.4 mm, and preferably 0.5 mm in the plane of the circuit board. This corresponding spacing also exists relative to the island where the position sensor is arranged.

[0042] Figure 3 A top view of the circuit board and magnetic pole rotor 2 is shown. The position sensor, arranged circumferentially around the axis of rotation D, can also be seen here. Reference numeral 65 indicates an electronic component arranged on the circuit board, and more precisely, on an unprocessed or unmilled area of ​​the circuit board.

[0043] Figure 4 A top view of the circuit board is shown from below. Here, another position sensor mechanism can be seen, which is also suitable for detecting magnetic fields, but here used for detecting magnetic fields during the device's stopped state and / or during operation without power. A battery (not shown) is provided for this purpose, which also enables the operation of this position sensor 46 in the stopped state of the magnetic pole rotor (not shown).

[0044] Here, the position sensor mechanism 46 is also arranged inside the region within the cross-section of the magnetic pole rotor. Reference numeral 67 indicates the central processor mechanism, which is used to evaluate the data from the individual position sensors.

[0045] Figure 5Another illustration for illustrating the invention is shown. The magnetic pole rotor is shown here again, where the magnetic element 24, such as a permanent magnet, disposed inside the magnetic pole rotor can also be seen. Small island-shaped regions are also visible, arranged inside the magnetic pole rotor and guided so closely to the magnetic element. The periphery and the periphery of the magnetic element 24 are also located inside the groove 62. It can be seen that the end side or periphery of the magnetic element 24 also extends into the groove.

[0046] Reference numeral 12 indicates the first housing component and reference numeral 14 indicates the second housing component. Reference numeral 16 indicates the sensor cover and reference numeral 52 indicates the seal. Reference numeral 15 indicates an energy storage mechanism, such as a battery, used to power the other position sensor mentioned above.

[0047] Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of the device according to the invention is shown. Shaft 18, on which the magnetic pole rotor 2 is arranged, is also shown. This shaft 18 is supported by means of bearing 19 in a manner rotatable relative to the housing. Reference numeral D denotes the axis of rotation, about which the magnetic pole rotor 2 is supported. The aforementioned position sensor extends into the magnetic pole rotor along this axis of rotation.

[0048] Figure 7 A diagram of the magnetic pole rotor 2 is shown. The magnetic element 24 is also shown here. This magnetic element forms a periphery 24a, which also extends into the groove 62. Reference numeral 26 indicates the base or hub of the magnetic pole rotor. This base can be fixed to the (motor) shaft, and it also serves to receive the magnetic element 24. Reference numeral 28 indicates the internal space of the magnetic pole rotor, into which the position sensor extends. Reference numeral 32 indicates the bottom protective cover, on which the magnetic element abuts and / or is arranged. This bottom protective cover 32 is here constructed as a plate.

[0049] Figure 8 An illustration of the sensor cover 16 is shown, which also houses the battery 15. Reference numeral 17 indicates another circuit board.

[0050] The applicant reserves the right to claim all features disclosed in the application as essential features to the present invention, provided that they are novel, individually or in combination, relative to the prior art. Furthermore, it should be noted that features that may be advantageous in themselves are also depicted in the various figures. Those skilled in the art will readily recognize that a particular feature depicted in a single figure may also be advantageous without receiving other features from that figure. Moreover, those skilled in the art will recognize that advantages can also be derived from a combination of multiple features shown in a single figure or in different figures.

Claims

1. A rotating machine (1) having a position detection mechanism (4) for detecting the rotational position of a magnetic pole rotor (2) capable of rotating about a rotation axis, wherein the magnetic pole rotor has a periphery (22) and wherein the position detection mechanism (4) has at least one first position sensor (42) for detecting changes in the magnetic field and at least one magnetic element (24) is arranged on the magnetic pole rotor, wherein the position detection mechanism further has at least one printed circuit board (6) on which electronic components are arranged and wherein the first position sensor (42) is also arranged at least indirectly on the printed circuit board. Its features are, The first position sensor (42) extends at least partially into the space surrounded by the periphery (22) of the magnetic pole rotor. In this circuit board, a groove (62) is formed, and the periphery (22) of the magnetic pole rotor (2) extends in the groove.

2. The rotating machine (1) according to claim 1. Its features are, The groove (62) is a milled portion (62) placed in the printed circuit board (6).

3. The rotating machine (1) according to claim 1. Its features are, The groove (62) is an annular groove (62).

4. The rotating machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, Its features are, The first position sensor (42) extends into the magnetic pole rotor along the direction of the rotation axis for a predetermined length of at least 1 mm.

5. The rotating machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, Its features are, The position detection mechanism (4) has a number of position sensors (42).

6. The rotating machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, Its features are, The printed circuit board has a thickness greater than 1.5 mm and / or the printed circuit board has a thickness less than 5 mm.

7. The rotating machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, Its features are, The groove has a depth greater than 1 mm along the thickness direction of the circuit board and / or the groove has a depth less than 3 mm along the thickness direction of the circuit board.

8. The rotating machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, Its features are, The printed circuit board (6) is constructed as a multilayer structure.

9. The rotating machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, Its features are, The position detection mechanism (4) has another position sensor (46) arranged on the surface of the back magnetic pole rotor (2) of the circuit board.

10. The rotating machine (1) according to claim 1. Its features are, The rotating machine (1) is an electric motor.

11. The rotating machine (1) according to claim 6. Its features are, The printed circuit board has a thickness greater than 2.0 mm and / or the printed circuit board has a thickness less than 4 mm.

12. The rotating machine (1) according to claim 11. Its features are, The printed circuit board has a thickness greater than 2.5 mm and / or the printed circuit board has a thickness less than 3.5 mm.

13. The rotating machine (1) according to claim 12. Its features are, The printed circuit board has a thickness greater than 3.0 mm.

14. The rotating machine (1) according to claim 7. Its features are, The groove has a depth greater than 1.5 mm along the thickness direction of the circuit board and / or the groove has a depth less than 2.8 mm along the thickness direction of the circuit board.

15. The rotating machine (1) according to claim 14. Its features are, The groove has a depth greater than 2.0 mm along the thickness direction of the circuit board and / or the groove has a depth less than 2.5 mm along the thickness direction of the circuit board.

16. A method for operating a rotating machine, wherein a position detection mechanism (4) detects the rotational position of a magnetic pole rotor (2) capable of rotating about a rotation axis, wherein the magnetic pole rotor (2) has a periphery (12) and wherein the position detection mechanism (4) has at least one first position sensor (42) for detecting changes in a magnetic field and at least one magnetic element is arranged on the magnetic pole rotor, wherein the position detection mechanism (4) further has at least one printed circuit board (6) on which electronic components are arranged and wherein the first position sensor (42) is also arranged at least indirectly on the printed circuit board (6). Its features are, The first position sensor (42) extends at least partially into the space surrounded by the periphery (12) of the magnetic pole rotor (2). In this circuit board, a groove (62) is formed, and the periphery (22) of the magnetic pole rotor (2) extends in the groove.

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