Mcfas composition for crustacean aquaculture

Abstract

The present invention relates to a composition for optimizing the growth performance of crustacean aquaculture, said composition comprising an effective dose of medium chain fatty acids (MCFA), wherein said composition comprises an encapsulating component that substantially surrounds the medium chain fatty acids of said composition. A second aspect relates to a composition for preventing and / or treating infections in crustaceans. A third aspect of the present invention discloses such a composition. A fourth aspect of the present invention discloses a method of encapsulating a composition comprising medium chain fatty acids (MCFA), whereby said method comprises embedding said MCFA in a matrix, said matrix comprising a hydrophobic component.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to encapsulated medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) compositions. In particular, this invention relates to the use of encapsulated MCFA compositions for optimizing the growth performance of crustaceans. Background Technology

[0002] Aquaculture is currently the world's fastest-growing food production sector. Globally, aquaculture produces approximately 60 million tons of seafood annually, valued at over US$70 billion. Today, farmed fish account for about 50% of all fish consumed globally. This percentage is projected to increase due to declining catches in both marine and freshwater fisheries and rising seafood consumption (both total and per capita). Today, aquaculture production includes, but is not limited to, carp and other cyprinids, oysters, clams, cockles and ark shells, crustaceans and shrimp, salmon, trout and smelt, mussels, tilapia and other cichlids, as well as scallops and sea fans.

[0003] To meet this high demand for seafood, aquaculture is currently under immense pressure, and new methods for optimizing growth performance are gaining popularity. Of course, higher productivity almost always means an increase in general animal health problems or a higher risk of infectious diseases.

[0004] This is especially true for crustaceans, where it is well known that higher water temperatures increase their growth rate, but also significantly increase the risk of infection and other health-related problems. While it is well known that establishing good hygiene and biosecurity measures (such as improving hatchery hygiene and post-hatching screening) is beneficial, additional measures are needed to further improve growth performance while ensuring the health of crustaceans.

[0005] To protect the overall health of aquatic organisms, EP 1 123 307 discloses a natural physiologically active substance containing at least one fatty acid with 6 to 12 carbon atoms in combination with vitamin C to effectively reduce the risk of fish diseases. While fatty acids, especially medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), are known to exhibit certain beneficial health effects and may also affect growth performance, EP '307 does not demonstrate such effects. Furthermore, EP '307 primarily focuses on fish but does not disclose the application of this physiologically active substance in crustaceans.

[0006] Furthermore, because crustaceans are slow feeders who locate feed by smell, feed may often remain soaked in water for extended periods before being consumed. Additionally, crustaceans break the feed into small pieces outside their mouths before ingesting it. These factors lead to nutrient loss through leaching, resulting in low nutrient utilization rates in crustaceans, which can ultimately harm the growth, health, and performance of farmed animals.

[0007] US 2016 0 150 806 discloses a method for manufacturing an aquaculture feed premix comprising coated lecithin granules. The granules are said to reduce leaching, but US'806 only discloses the water-soluble components of the coating and does not show any compatibility between the coating and MCFA.

[0008] US 2004 / 115275 further describes particles containing dodecanoic acid, stearic acid, and lactobacillus; US 5 422363 discloses spray cooling of stearic acid and pharmaceuticals; and CN 101 658 244 discloses aquatic feed in microencapsulated form. Furthermore, Chambi et al. described solid lipid microparticles (SLMPs) containing stearic acid and lauric acid, as well as glucose, casein, or hydrolyzed casein. Pelissari Julio R et al. disclosed solid lipid microparticles (SLMPs) containing lauric acid and stearic acid, and Izabela Dutra Alvim et al. disclosed the use of spray-cooled stearic acid and hydrogenated vegetable fats.

[0009] The present invention aims to solve at least some of the above-mentioned problems and disadvantages. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The object of this invention is to provide a composition as described in claim 1 for optimizing the growth performance of crustaceans in aquaculture. The composition comprises an effective dose of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) or derivatives thereof, said derivatives being selected from the group consisting of salts, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, esters, or amides, wherein said medium-chain fatty acids comprise hexanoic acid (C6), heptanoic acid (C7), caprylic acid (C8), nonanoic acid (C9), decanoic acid (C10), undecanoic acid (C11), lauric acid (C12), or combinations thereof, and said composition comprises an encapsulating component that substantially surrounds the medium-chain fatty acids of said composition.

[0011] The MCFA compositions of this invention allow for the stimulation of a well-functioning and well-balanced microbial ecosystem in the gastrointestinal tract of crustaceans. Controlling the microbial ecosystem in the animal's gastrointestinal tract leads to better performance and improved health and comfort. Better performance, particularly optimized growth performance, is manifested in, for example, better daily weight gain. The encapsulated MCFA compositions of this invention also offer significant advantages in the context of crustacean aquaculture because the leaching of MCFA from the capsule is controlled and / or minimized in aquatic environments.

[0012] Preferred embodiments of the composition for optimizing the growth performance of crustaceans are shown in any one of claims 2 to 12.

[0013] Therefore, the present invention also relates to a method for optimizing the growth performance of crustaceans in aquaculture as described in claim 13, comprising applying the composition to animal feed. Preferred embodiments are shown in any one of claims 14 to 17.

[0014] A second aspect of the invention relates to an MCFA composition as described in claim 18 for the prevention and / or treatment of infections in crustaceans and / or the improvement of anti-infective immune responses in crustaceans. Preferred embodiments of the composition for said use are shown in any one of claims 19 to 31.

[0015] A third aspect of the invention discloses the composition of claim 32, wherein the MCFA is encapsulated and / or embedded in a capsule. Preferred embodiments of the composition for said use are shown in any one of claims 33 to 39.

[0016] A fourth aspect of the invention provides a method for encapsulating a composition comprising a medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) or a derivative thereof as described in claim 40. The derivative is selected from the group consisting of salts, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, esters, or amides, and the medium-chain fatty acid comprises hexanoic acid (C6), heptanoic acid (C7), caprylic acid (C8), nonanoic acid (C9), decanoic acid (C10), undecanoic acid (C11), lauric acid (C12), or combinations thereof. Thus, the method comprises embedding the MCFA in a matrix containing a hydrophobic component.

[0017] The resulting particles are best suited for use in aquatic environments, particularly in crustacean aquaculture. By appropriately selecting the encapsulating components, these dense microspheres can provide controlled diffusion or erosion-controlled release of MCFA in aquatic environments, without uncontrolled leaching of MCFA.

[0018] Preferred embodiments of the method are shown in any one of claims 41 to 46. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 Displays the final total weight for each group (1-5).

[0020] Figure 2 Shows the growth rate for each group (1-5).

[0021] Figure 3 Shows the feed conversion ratio for each group (1-5).

[0022] Figure 4 Show the survival rate for each group (1-5).

[0023] Figure 5 Shows the survival rate for each group (1-7) using the AHPND challenge.

[0024] Figure 6 Shows the survival rate for each group (1-5) challenged with WSSV.

[0025] Figure 7 Display the SOD index for each group (1-5).

[0026] Figure 8 Show the TNOS index for each group (1-5).

[0027] Figure 9 Showing SOD levels in each group (1-5) of organisms undergoing the AHPND challenge.

[0028] Figure 10 Showing TNOS indices for each group (1-5) of organisms undergoing the AHPND challenge.

[0029] Figure 11 Showing the SOD levels in each group (1-5) of organisms undergoing the WSSV challenge.

[0030] Figure 12 Shows the TNOS index for each group (1-5) in organisms undergoing the WSSV challenge. Detailed Implementation

[0031] This invention relates to compositions for optimizing the growth performance of crustaceans in aquaculture, the compositions comprising an effective dose of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) or derivatives thereof.

[0032] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used in disclosing this invention (including technical and scientific terms) have the meanings commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. As further guidance, terminology definitions are included to better understand the teachings of this invention.

[0033] As used herein, the following terms have the following meanings: Unless the context clearly specifies otherwise, “A,” “an,” and “the” as used in this article refer to singular and plural objects, respectively. For example, “compartment” refers to one or more compartments.

[0034] As used herein, the term "about" in reference to measurable values ​​such as parameters, quantities, and durations is intended to cover fluctuations of less than + / -20%, preferably less than + / -10%, more preferably less than + / -5%, even more preferably less than + / -1%, and still more preferably less than + / -0.1% of the specified value, fluctuations that are suitable for implementation in the disclosed inventions to date. However, it should be understood that the values ​​referred to by the modifier "about" are themselves specifically disclosed.

[0035] As used herein, “comprising” and “consisting of” are synonymous with “including” or “containing” and are inclusive or open-ended terms that specify the presence of the following contents (e.g., ingredients) and do not exclude the presence of other unstated ingredients, features, elements, members, or steps known in the art or disclosed herein.

[0036] A statement of a numerical range by endpoints includes all numbers and fractions contained within that range, as well as the endpoints stated.

[0037] Unless otherwise defined, the expressions “% by weight,” “percentage by weight,” “%wt” or “wt%” throughout this and the entire specification mean the relative weight of the corresponding component based on the total weight of the formulation.

[0038] In a first aspect, the present invention discloses a composition for optimizing the growth performance of crustaceans in aquaculture, the composition comprising an effective dose of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) or derivatives thereof. The derivatives are selected from the group consisting of salts, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, esters, or amides, and the medium-chain fatty acids comprise at least one MCFA selected from the group consisting of acetic acid (C6), heptanoic acid (C7), caprylic acid (C8), nonanoic acid (C9), decanoic acid (C10), undecanoic acid (C11), lauric acid (C12), or combinations thereof.

[0039] The term "aquaculture," also known as "aquatic farming," refers to the cultivation of fish, crustaceans, mollusks, aquatic plants, algae, or other aquatic organisms. Aquaculture involves the cultivation of freshwater and saltwater populations under controlled conditions and can be contrasted with commercial fishing, which involves the harvesting of wild fish. "Marine aquaculture" also refers to aquaculture conducted in marine environments and underwater habitats. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), aquaculture means some form of intervention in the farming process to increase yields, such as regular stocking, feeding, and predator protection. Specific types of aquaculture include fish farming, crustacean farming, oyster farming, marine aquaculture, algae farming (such as seaweed farming), and ornamental fish farming. This invention primarily focuses on "crustacean aquaculture."

[0040] The optimized growth performance is closely related to feed efficiency, and feed conversion ratio is a highly relevant indicator of feed efficiency. The term "feed conversion ratio" describes the efficiency of animal feed intake, referring to the number of feed units consumed over a specific period divided by the number of animal weight gain units. Feed conversion ratio is the ratio of feed consumed to animal weight gain. Therefore, using the encapsulated MCFA composition of the present invention can improve the feed conversion activity of animals without simultaneously stimulating feed intake excessively or significantly. As used herein, the expression "improved feed conversion ratio" and equivalent expressions such as "improved feed conversion ratio" refer to improved feed utilization efficiency and / or improved growth rate. That is, according to the present invention, treated animals (compared to untreated animals) can have substantially the same feed intake and grow at an improved growth rate, can have a reduced feed intake and grow at substantially the same growth rate, or can have a reduced feed intake and grow at an improved growth rate.

[0041] As used herein, "effective dose" or "therapeutic effective dose" refers to the amount of composition that achieves the goal of optimizing growth performance in crustaceans.

[0042] As used herein, the term "MCFA" refers to medium-chain fatty acids, wherein "medium-chain fatty acids" refers to saturated fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids, or mixtures thereof having 6 to 12 carbon atoms. As used herein, "medium-chain saturated fatty acids" refers to hexanoic acid (C6), heptanoic acid (C7), octanoic acid (C8), nonanoic acid (C9), decanoic acid (C10), undecanoic acid (C11), lauric acid (C12), or any mixture thereof. As used herein, the term "MCFA salt" refers to a salt of a free fatty acid. As used herein, the term "free fatty acid" refers to an underived fatty acid, i.e., a fatty acid that has not been converted into a salt, amide, ester, etc. The term "MCFA derivative" refers to a medium-chain fatty acid whose carboxylic acid group can be reversibly converted into another group to form an amide, ester, or glycerol ester. In this specification, the term MCFA derivative does not include MCFA salt.

[0043] The MCFA composition of this invention allows for the stimulation of a well-functioning and balanced microbial ecosystem in the gastrointestinal tract of crustaceans. Controlling the microbial ecosystem in the animal's gastrointestinal tract can lead to better performance and improved health and comfort. Better performance, particularly optimized growth performance, is manifested in, for example, better daily weight gain.

[0044] Preferably, the MCFA is encapsulated and / or embedded in a capsule. The encapsulated MCFA composition of the present invention also has significant advantages in the context of crustacean aquaculture because the leaching of MCFA from the capsule in an aquatic environment is controlled and / or minimized. As a result, the MCFA in the composition is completely contained within the capsule, allowing crustaceans to ingest particularly high levels of MCFA, thereby exhibiting their beneficial effects. This achieves optimal efficacy in optimizing growth performance, especially in aquatic environments.

[0045] In the context of this invention, the term "encapsulation" refers to the process in which fine particles or droplets are surrounded by a coating to obtain particles with other useful properties. Generally, encapsulation (also known as microencapsulation) is used to incorporate food ingredients, feed ingredients, therapeutic compositions, enzymes, cells, or other materials at a small particle scale. Furthermore, encapsulation can be used to encapsulate solids, liquids, or gases to reduce the frequency of administration and prevent degradation, for example, pharmaceutical products. In a relatively simple form, a microcapsule can be considered a small sphere surrounded by a uniform wall. The material inside the microcapsule is called the core, internal phase, or filler, while the wall is sometimes called the shell, coating, or membrane.

[0046] In the context of this invention, the term "leaching" refers to the loss or extraction of certain materials from a carrier into a liquid. In aquaculture, it describes the loss of nutrients or other components from the compositions used herein (e.g., feed, feed supplements, or therapeutic formulations).

[0047] Preferably, the MCFA is encapsulated in a matrix containing a hydrophobic component. Therefore, the encapsulated MCFA composition of the present invention also minimizes leaching in aquatic environments and allows for controlled and / or slow release of the MCFA into the gastrointestinal tract of crustaceans. Thus, crustaceans are exposed to a constant effective dose of MCFA, thereby maximizing the beneficial effects conferred upon them.

[0048] "Hydrophobicity" refers to the physical property of a molecule that repels a large amount of water. Conversely, "hydrophilicity" indicates a substance that is attracted to water. Hydrophobic molecules tend to be nonpolar and therefore prefer other neutral molecules and nonpolar solvents. Because water molecules are polar, hydrophobic substances do not dissolve well in aquatic environments. Examples of hydrophobic molecules include, in particular, alkanes, oils, and fats. The hydrophobicity of this composition allows for optimal and stable encapsulation, thereby further minimizing leaching.

[0049] According to another embodiment, the melting temperature of the hydrophobic component is 50.0 to 120.0°C. Depending on the farmed crustacean species, the water temperature is approximately 15 to 40°C, with an optimal temperature typically between 28 and 32°C. The compositions of the present invention remain stable within these temperature ranges, and further exhibit long-term stability during dry storage at high temperatures and in aqueous environments. Crustaceans are generally found to grow faster at higher temperatures, although some health problems and a certain risk of infection may occur. The compounds of the present invention also allow application at those higher temperatures while exhibiting their various beneficial effects on crustaceans. Preferably, the melting temperature of the encapsulating component is 60.0 to 100.0°C.

[0050] According to another embodiment, the hydrophobic component comprises stearic acid or a salt thereof. As used herein, the terms "stearic acid" and "stearate" refer to the chemically pure form of these substances. Commercially available forms of these substances typically contain a significant amount of impurities. For example, commercial-grade stearic acid typically includes a large amount of palmitic acid. Commercial-grade zinc stearate typically comprises a mixture of zinc salts of stearic acid and palmitic acid, along with a small amount of zinc oxide. Using stearic acid or stearate as the encapsulating component provides a composition that optimally withstands the effects of high heat, pressure, oxidation, chemical reactivity, and / or water solubility, thereby achieving optimal intake in crustaceans. Preferably, the encapsulating component is stearic acid.

[0051] In some embodiments, the ratio of the medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) to the matrix is ​​from 0.15 to 1.50. Within these ranges, optimal integrity of the encapsulation composition is obtained. Leaching is further minimized while the bioavailability of the MCFA in the crustacean gastrointestinal tract is maximized. This delicate balance between stability in aqueous environments and bioavailability in the crustacean gastrointestinal tract is further optimized at a preferred ratio of 0.40 to 1.00.

[0052] According to another embodiment, the medium-chain fatty acid comprises hexanoic acid (C6), caprylic acid (C8), decanoic acid (C10), lauric acid (C12), or a combination thereof. MCFAs in the C6-C12 range further enhance the efficacy of the composition for improved growth performance, while also exhibiting additional antimicrobial activity against potential pathogens in the gastrointestinal tract of crustaceans.

[0053] According to some embodiments, as described herein, the MCFA present in the composition constitutes at least 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, or 99.9% of the weight or volume of the composition. In other embodiments, the amount of MCFA present, as described herein, is from 1% to 99.9% based on the total weight or volume of the composition.

[0054] According to another embodiment, the composition contains 10.0 to 40.0% by weight of MCFA. Within this range, the stability of the composition in aqueous environments is further enhanced due to the improved encapsulation. Preferably, the composition contains 15.0 to 25.0% by weight of MCFA.

[0055] In some embodiments, the average particle size of the capsules is 20 to 300 μm. Capsules within the mentioned particle size range are ideally suited for oral administration to crustaceans, while maintaining optimal stability in aquatic environments and exhibiting good bioavailability in the gastrointestinal tract. An average particle size of 40 to 60 μm is preferred because this range allows for easy incorporation of the encapsulated composition into any typical crustacean feed.

[0056] In some embodiments, the dosage of the composition of the present invention in animal feed, particularly crustacean feed, is from 0.01 to 5.00% by weight. As used herein, “animal feed” includes animal feed, drinking water, and air inhaled by the animal. Due to the dosage of the encapsulated composition in crustacean feed, the composition will be considered a feed supplement or feed additive hereinafter. As used herein, the terms “feed supplement” or “feed additive” refer to a substance added in small amounts to an edible composition or animal feed to improve the composition or feed, and should also be understood as suitable for consumption by animals, particularly crustaceans. The dosages referred to herein are optimized for various feeding programs commonly used in crustacean aquaculture to ensure optimal efficacy of the composition. Preferably, the dosage of the composition in animal feed is from 0.50 to 2.50% by weight.

[0057] In some embodiments, to obtain optimal growth performance, the corresponding effective dosage includes feeding the composition at 0.001 to 0.500% of the crustacean's weight daily. Due to the nature of the encapsulating composition and the controlled release of MCFA in the crustacean's gastrointestinal tract, this composition can be applied in a variety of ways to existing feeding programs. Preferably, the effective dosage includes feeding the composition at 0.010 to 0.200% of the crustacean's weight daily.

[0058] According to the present invention, in some embodiments, the crustaceans are selected from the group consisting of Litopenaeus vannamei (white-legged shrimp), Litopenaeus monodon (tiger shrimp), Litopenaeus vannamei (white-legged shrimp), Akiami paste shrimp, Litopenaeus chinensis (southern thick shrimp), Penaeus sinensis (Chinese shrimp), Litopenaeus cuspidata (banana shrimp), and Penaeus cerana (northern shrimp). Although the present invention relates to a wide range of crustaceans, the group disclosed herein has particular commercial value. Therefore, the compositions of the present invention are particularly useful for achieving optimized growth performance in these commercial species. Furthermore, these commercial species generally have a greater risk of infection due to farming conditions, especially for species such as Litopenaeus monodon and Litopenaeus vannamei. The beneficial properties of the compositions help reduce the risk of infection while contributing to better overall health of the crustaceans.

[0059] Therefore, the present invention also relates to a method for optimizing the growth performance of crustaceans in aquaculture, comprising applying a composition to animal feed, characterized in that the composition comprises an effective dose of a medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) or a derivative thereof, said derivative being selected from the group consisting of salts, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, esters or amides, wherein said medium-chain fatty acid comprises at least one MCFA selected from the group consisting of acetic acid (C6), heptanoic acid (C7), caprylic acid (C8), nonanoic acid (C9), decanoic acid (C10), undecanoic acid (C11), lauric acid (C12) or combinations thereof.

[0060] Preferably, the composition is the composition described in any of the above embodiments. Therefore, all the advantages discussed herein also apply to this method.

[0061] According to some embodiments, the dosage of the composition in animal feed is from 0.01 to 5.00% by weight. Preferably, the dosage of the composition in animal feed is from 0.50 to 2.50% by weight.

[0062] In another embodiment, the effective dose comprises feeding the composition daily at 0.001 to 0.500% of the crustacean weight, preferably 0.010 to 0.200% of the crustacean weight.

[0063] In some embodiments, the crustaceans are selected from the group consisting of Litopenaeus vannamei, Penaeus monodon, Krill, Penaeus chinensis, Penaeus sinensis, Penaeus spp., Arctic shrimp, or combinations thereof.

[0064] A second aspect of the invention relates to a composition for the prevention and / or treatment of infections in crustaceans and / or for improving the anti-infective immune response in crustaceans, wherein the composition comprises an effective dose of a medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) or a derivative thereof, said derivative being selected from the group consisting of salts, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, esters, or amides, wherein said medium-chain fatty acid comprises at least one MCFA selected from the group consisting of acetic acid (C6), heptanoic acid (C7), caprylic acid (C8), nonanoic acid (C9), decanoic acid (C10), undecanoic acid (C11), lauric acid (C12), or combinations thereof. Thus, the uses described herein are therapeutic in nature, wherein the improvement of the anti-infective immune response supports the prevention and / or treatment of infection.

[0065] Viruses are ubiquitous and abundant in the marine environment, making this application extremely valuable for crustacean aquaculture. A lower risk of infection essentially leads to lower overall mortality, better-performing animals, and a healthier aquaculture environment.

[0066] Preferably, the MCFA is encapsulated and / or embedded in a capsule. As previously stated, the encapsulated MCFA composition of the present invention has significant advantages in the context of crustacean aquaculture because the leaching of MCFA from the capsule in an aquatic environment is controlled and / or minimized.

[0067] More preferably, the MCFA is encapsulated in a matrix containing a hydrophobic component. Therefore, the encapsulated MCFA composition of the present invention also minimizes leaching in aquatic environments and allows for controlled and / or slow release of the MCFA into the gastrointestinal tract of crustaceans. For clarity, the hydrophobic component referred to herein is a component other than the MCFA.

[0068] In some embodiments, the melting temperature of the hydrophobic component is from 50.0 to 120.0°C. The compositions of the present invention remain stable at temperatures typically used in crustacean aquaculture, and further exhibit long-term stability during dry storage at high temperatures and in aqueous environments. Preferably, the melting temperature is from 60.0 to 100.0°C.

[0069] According to another embodiment, the hydrophobic component is stearic acid or a salt thereof. Using stearic acid or stearates as the hydrophobic component provides a composition that optimally withstands the effects of high heat, stress, oxidation, chemical reactivity, and / or water solubility, thereby achieving optimal intake in crustaceans. Preferably, the hydrophobic component is stearic acid.

[0070] According to some embodiments, the ratio of the medium-chain fatty acid to the matrix is ​​from 0.15 to 1.50. Within these ranges, optimal integrity of the encapsulation composition is obtained. Preferably, the ratio is from 0.40 to 1.00.

[0071] In some embodiments, the medium-chain fatty acids include hexanoic acid (C6), caprylic acid (C8), decanoic acid (C10), lauric acid (C12), or combinations thereof. MCFAs in the C6-C12 range further enhance the efficacy of the composition in treating and / or preventing infections, while also contributing to an overall improved gut microbiota.

[0072] According to some embodiments, as described herein, the MCFA present in the composition constitutes at least 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, or 99.9% of the weight or volume of the composition. In other embodiments, the amount of MCFA present, as described herein, is from 1% to 99.9% based on the total weight or volume of the composition.

[0073] According to another embodiment, the composition contains 10.0 to 40.0% by weight of MCFA. Within this concentration range, the anti-leaching effect of the encapsulation is further enhanced. Preferably, the composition contains 15.0 to 25.0% by weight of MCFA.

[0074] In some embodiments, the average particle size of the capsules is 20 to 300 μm. Capsules within the mentioned particle size range are ideally suited for oral administration to crustaceans, while maintaining optimal stability in aquatic environments and exhibiting good bioavailability in the gastrointestinal tract. An average particle size of 40 to 60 μm is preferred because this range allows for easy incorporation of the encapsulated composition into any typical crustacean feed.

[0075] According to some embodiments, the dosage of the composition in animal feed is from 0.01 to 5.00% by weight. The dosages referred to herein are optimized for various feeding protocols commonly used in crustacean aquaculture to ensure the composition exhibits optimal efficacy. Preferably, the dosage of the composition in animal feed is from 0.50 to 2.50% by weight.

[0076] According to another embodiment, the effective dosage comprises feeding the animal daily at 0.001 to 0.500% of the composition based on the crustacean's weight. Due to the nature of the encapsulating composition and the controlled release of MCFA in the crustacean's gastrointestinal tract, this composition can be applied in various ways to existing feeding programs. Preferably, the effective dosage comprises feeding the animal daily at 0.010 to 0.200% of the composition based on the crustacean's weight.

[0077] In some embodiments, the crustaceans are selected from the group consisting of Litopenaeus vannamei, Penaeus monodon, Krill, Penaeus chinensis, Penaeus sinensis, Penaeus spp., Arctic shrimp, or combinations thereof.

[0078] According to some embodiments, this composition helps reduce the risk of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) infection. The term "acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND)" refers to infection by a strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus containing a 70 kbp plasmid encoding... Photorhabdus Genes of homologs of insect-associated (Pir) toxins PirA and PirB. AHPND is characterized by sudden, high-volume mortality, up to 100%, typically occurring within 30-35 days after stocking late-stage crustacean seedlings or larvae in aquaculture ponds. Older larvae may also be affected. According to the FOA, low-salinity water sources appear to reduce the incidence of this disease. Peak periods appear to occur during the hot, dry season from April to July. Overfeeding, poor seedling quality, poor water quality, poor feed quality, algal blooms, or collapses are also contributing factors to the occurrence of AHPND in endemic areas.

[0079] As with other infectious diseases in crustaceans, establishing good hygiene and biosecurity practices, such as improving hatchery hygiene and late-stage larval screening, is beneficial. Good broodstock management, the use of high-quality late-stage larvae, and good crustacean farm management, including strict control of feeding rates and appropriate stocking densities, are all effective ways to reduce the impact of diseases, including AHPND.

[0080] The compositions of the present invention have shown particular effectiveness in further reducing the risk of AHPND infection, providing an additional reduction of at least 10%. Preferably, the risk of AHPND infection is reduced by at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, and up to at least 50%.

[0081] According to another embodiment, the composition helps reduce the risk of White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) infection. WSSV has become one of the most prevalent, widespread, and deadliest viruses in crustacean populations worldwide, particularly shrimp. However, there are currently no available treatments to intervene in the uncontrolled occurrence and spread of this disease. WSSV-infected crustaceans may rapidly develop white spots (0.5 to 3.0 mm in diameter) on their exoskeleton, appendages, and inside the epidermis. Because these spots are not always present, and because certain bacteria, high alkalinity, and stress can produce similar spots, they are not considered reliable signs for the initial diagnosis of this disease. Other signs of WSSV include lethargy, a sudden decrease in food consumption, reddening of the body and appendages, and loosening of the cuticle.

[0082] The compositions of the present invention have shown particular effectiveness in further reducing the risk of WSSV infection, providing an additional reduction of at least 10%. Preferably, the risk of WSSV infection is reduced by at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, and up to at least 50%.

[0083] The compositions according to any of the above embodiments contribute to the prevention and / or treatment of infections by improving the anti-infective immune response in crustaceans. Commonly recognized indicators for measuring the immune response in crustaceans are superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total nitric oxide synthase (TNOS). SOD and TNOS levels can be determined by collecting serum from crustaceans using a commercially available kit and analyzing the serum.

[0084] According to another embodiment, the composition of the present invention can improve the anti-infective immune response of crustaceans. Therefore, crustaceans are less susceptible to infection and exhibit stronger resistance to a variety of pathogens.

[0085] The composition according to another embodiment can improve the anti-infective immune response in crustaceans infected with acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND). As a result, the composition of the present invention can be used to effectively treat crustaceans infected with AHPND.

[0086] Another embodiment of the composition improves the anti-infective immune response in crustaceans infected with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), and is therefore highly effective in treating crustaceans infected with said WSSV.

[0087] In some embodiments, the composition of the present invention increases the superoxide dismutase (SOD) level in crustaceans by at least 1%, at least 2%, at least 5%, and preferably at least 10%.

[0088] In some embodiments, the composition of the present invention increases the total nitric oxide synthase (TNOS) level in crustaceans by at least 1%, at least 2%, at least 5%, and preferably at least 10%.

[0089] A third aspect of the invention relates to a composition comprising a medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) or a derivative thereof, said derivative being selected from the group consisting of salts, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, esters, or amides, wherein said medium-chain fatty acid comprises at least one MCFA selected from the group consisting of acetic acid (C6), heptanoic acid (C7), caprylic acid (C8), nonanoic acid (C9), decanoic acid (C10), undecanoic acid (C11), lauric acid (C12), or combinations thereof. The composition of the invention is characterized in that said MCFA is encapsulated and / or embedded in a capsule.

[0090] The MCFA-encapsulated compositions of this invention exhibit high antimicrobial activity against a wide range of microorganisms. These microorganisms include, in particular, pathogens that may reside in the gastrointestinal tract of animals. Therefore, the compositions of this invention are particularly suitable for controlling the microbial ecosystem in the gastrointestinal tract of animals and further reducing the risk of microbial infections in animals. Since the MCFA is stabilized through the encapsulation, the efficacy of the composition is prolonged. Thus, the antimicrobial activity of the composition is preserved over a longer period of administration to animals and / or storage, thereby allowing the composition to optimally withstand the effects of high temperature, high pressure, oxidation, chemical reactivity, and / or water solubility.

[0091] Preferably, the MCFA is encapsulated in a matrix containing hydrophobic components. Therefore, the encapsulated MCFA compositions of the present invention minimize leaching in aquatic environments and achieve controlled and / or slow release of the MCFA. As a result, the compositions of the present invention are particularly suitable for application to aquatic animals.

[0092] According to another embodiment, the melting temperature of the hydrophobic component is from 50.0 to 120.0°C. The compositions of the present invention remain stable at temperatures typically used in aquaculture of crustaceans, and further exhibit long-term stability during dry storage at high temperatures and in aqueous environments. Preferably, the melting temperature is from 60.0 to 100.0°C. Preferably, the melting temperature of the hydrophobic component is from 60.0 to 100.0°C.

[0093] In some embodiments, the hydrophobic component is stearic acid or a salt thereof. As previously mentioned, using stearic acid or stearates as the hydrophobic component provides compositions that can optimally withstand the effects of high heat, pressure, oxidation, chemical reactivity, and / or water solubility. Preferably, the hydrophobic component is stearic acid.

[0094] According to some embodiments, the medium-chain fatty acid and the matrix are present in a ratio between 0.15 and 1.50. Within these ranges, optimal integrity of the encapsulation composition is obtained. Preferably, the ratio is between 0.40 and 1.00.

[0095] According to another embodiment, the medium-chain fatty acid comprises hexanoic acid (C6), caprylic acid (C8), decanoic acid (C10), lauric acid (C12), or a combination thereof. The MCFA exhibits maximized antimicrobial activity in this encapsulation formulation.

[0096] According to some embodiments, as described herein, the MCFA present in the composition constitutes at least 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, or 99.9% of the weight or volume of the composition. In other embodiments, the amount of MCFA present, as described herein, is from 1% to 99.9% based on the total weight or volume of the composition.

[0097] According to another embodiment, the composition contains 10.0 to 40.0% by weight of MCFA. Within this concentration range, optimal antimicrobial activity is achieved, further enhancing the anti-leaching effect of the encapsulation. Preferably, the composition contains 15.0 to 25.0% by weight of MCFA.

[0098] According to another embodiment, the average particle size of the capsule is 20 to 300 μm. Preferably, the average particle size is 40 to 60 μm.

[0099] A fourth aspect of the invention relates to a method of encapsulating a composition comprising a medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) or a derivative thereof. The derivative is selected from the group consisting of salts, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, esters, or amides, and the medium-chain fatty acid comprises hexanoic acid (C6), heptanoic acid (C7), caprylic acid (C8), nonanoic acid (C9), decanoic acid (C10), undecanoic acid (C11), lauric acid (C12), or combinations thereof. The method of the invention comprises embedding the MCFA in a matrix containing a hydrophobic component.

[0100] The method of this invention stabilizes MCFA, thereby contributing to the extended efficacy of the composition. Therefore, the antimicrobial activity of the composition is guaranteed over a longer period of administration to animals and / or storage, whereby the composition can optimally withstand the effects of high temperature, high pressure, oxidation, chemical reactivity, and / or water solubility. Encapsulation according to this method also reduces leaching of the composition in aqueous environments. The hydrophobicity of the matrix allows for good handling and ensures optimal and stable encapsulation of the resulting product, further minimizing MCFA leaching.

[0101] According to another embodiment, the encapsulating component comprises stearic acid or a salt thereof. Using stearic acid or stearates as a hydrophobic component provides ease of handling of the coating component itself and when mixed with MCFA. Stearic acid or its salts also have a melting temperature highly suitable for the methods described herein and provide optimal barrier properties for encapsulating components containing MCFA, optimally resisting the effects of high temperature, high pressure, oxidation, chemical reactivity, and / or water solubility. Preferably, the hydrophobic component used in this method is stearic acid.

[0102] According to another embodiment, the method includes the following steps: (a) melting a hydrophobic component, (b) mixing the melted hydrophobic component of step a with a composition containing MCFA, and (c) spray-coagulating the mixture of step b.

[0103] "Spray coagulation" can be described as a combination of spray drying and hot melt extrusion. While spray coagulation can be matched with many compositions prepared by spray drying or hot melt extrusion, it also enables the preparation of powders with unique properties and applications in microencapsulation, flavor masking, and controlled release. Spray coagulation, also known as spray chilling or spray cooling, is a unit operation that atomizes a liquid melt into a cooling chamber. A sufficiently cold gas stream enters the chamber, whereby the gas stream contacts the droplets and solidification occurs. This involves transforming the molten droplets from a liquid to a solid state while removing energy from the droplets. The transformation of a melt from a soft or fluid state to a rigid or solid state through cooling is called solidification.

[0104] Spray drying typically produces hollow, low-density particles with irregular geometries, while spray condensation, due to the absence of evaporative solvent effects, produces spherical and dense microparticles. Therefore, the resulting particles are optimally suited for use in aquatic environments. By appropriately selecting the encapsulating components, these dense microspheres can provide diffusion-controlled or erosion-controlled release of MCFA in aquatic environments.

[0105] The mixture enters the solidification step through one or more nozzles or atomizers. These nozzles or atomizers are capable of processing high-viscosity mixtures at high temperatures. Typically, four types of nozzles can be used: pressure nozzles, two-fluid nozzles, ultrasonic nozzles, or rotary nozzles. For this invention, a two-fluid nozzle is used. Two-fluid nozzles allow for a wide range of melt viscosities and MCFA concentrations. Generally, two-fluid nozzles allow for a wider particle size distribution than other types of nozzles.

[0106] Preferably, spray coagulation is carried out at a coagulation (cooling) temperature of -10°C to -50°C, more preferably -20.0°C to 40.0°C. Due to these low temperatures, the solidification of the MCFA mixture is achieved rapidly and efficiently, while maintaining the integrity and bioactivity of the encapsulated MCFA. The coagulation or cooling temperature is typically achieved via co-current or counter-current airflow, or possibly a combination of both. This allows for very rapid cooling, resulting in capsules with a regular shape and optimal stability.

[0107] In some embodiments, the melting of the encapsulating component is carried out at a temperature of 80.0 to 120.0°C. Within this temperature range, the encapsulating component remains completely liquid, still allowing for the mixing of MCFA without premature solidification. Furthermore, the temperature range described herein is particularly suitable for forming microcapsules of optimal shape during solidification, as it allows for very rapid solidification once the composition is introduced into a cooling airflow. The resulting product is particularly stable in aqueous environments. Preferably, melting is carried out at a temperature of 90.0 to 110.0°C. In some embodiments, melting is carried out at a temperature 10.0 to 20.0°C higher than the melting temperature of the encapsulating component.

[0108] The feed system used for solidification should be appropriately temperature-controlled to avoid hot spots that could lead to degradation and cold spots that could cause equipment blockage. Furthermore, variations in the feed system temperature can alter the viscosity of the feed melt, thus affecting the properties of the final product. The effects of short-term and long-term exposure to high temperatures (typically above the matrix melting temperature) should be carefully evaluated.

[0109] According to one embodiment, the mixing comprises mixing the molten encapsulating component and the MCFA-containing composition in a ratio of 2:8 to 4:6. This ratio is crucial because one of the limiting factors of the coagulation method is the amount of active ingredient that can be contained within the encapsulation. Within the scope described herein, the maximum amount of MCFA contained in capsules exhibiting sufficiently high stability for the application areas of this invention. The resulting microcapsules maintain their integrity in aqueous environments and during prolonged dry or humid storage.

[0110] In some embodiments, an encapsulation composition with an average particle size of 20 to 300 μm is obtained. This particle size is particularly useful for incorporation into animal feed. In particular, the obtained composition is suitable for incorporation into crustacean feed or for use as a complete diet for seedlings, late-stage seedlings, or larvae. Preferably, the resulting average particle size is 40 to 60 μm.

[0111] The method of the present invention is particularly suitable for obtaining the composition of the third aspect.

[0112] The present invention is further illustrated by the following non-limiting embodiments, which further illustrate the invention and are not intended to, nor should be construed as, limiting the scope of the invention.

[0113] Example

[0114] The effects of MCFA compositions on different growth performance parameters and their role in the prevention and / or treatment of crustacean infections will be described below. Shrimp were used for these tests.

[0115] Processing list

[0116] Treatments using the compositions of the present invention were tested relative to a control treatment. The control treatment consisted of a standard feeding regimen without the formulation of the present invention. The general composition is shown in the table below.

[0117]

[0118] The tests were conducted in 22 water tanks, which were divided into the following 5 groups: - Group 1 (G1): Control - Group 2 (G2): Formulation a of the present invention, - Group 3 (G3): Formulation b of the present invention, - Group 4 (G4): Formulation c of the present invention, and - Group 5 (G5): Formulation d of the present invention.

[0119] Aquaculture operations

[0120] The daily feeding rate for conventional formula feed is 2% to 5%. In these tests, the actual feeding rate was calculated based on the number of shrimp, average weight, and body length to arrive at the theoretical daily feed amount, and adjustments were made as necessary.

[0121] During the seedling stage, feed the animals 10 to 12 times a day. During the juvenile and growth stages, feed them 4 to 6 times a day. Feed them equally during the day and night.

[0122] Example 1: Feed Trial—Effect of MCFA Composition on Growth Performance

[0123] The following parameters were measured during the feed trial: - Weight gain, - Compared to the growth rate, - Feed conversion ratio, and - Survival rate.

[0124] The lowest gain was observed in the control group (G1) based on average shrimp weight. The highest gain was observed in group 4, containing the MCFA formulation of this invention. Figure 1 It can be seen that the MCFA formulation of this invention has a positive effect on the weight gain of crustaceans.

[0125] Compared to the control group (G1), group 3, containing the MCFA composition of the present invention, showed the largest growth rate. Therefore, from Figure 1 and Figure 2 It can be concluded that the MCFA formulation of the present invention has no negative impact on the growth rate, while producing a larger overall total weight.

[0126] Compared with the control group (G1), groups 2-5 clearly showed a lower FCR, indicating that the use of the composition of the present invention can significantly reduce the amount of feed and thus reduce the cost of feed.

[0127] from Figure 4 As can be seen, group 5, which contains the MCFA composition of the present invention, showed the highest survival rate compared to the control group (G1). Groups 2 through 5 all showed better survival rates compared to the control group (G1).

[0128] The above-described feed trials demonstrated the beneficial effects of the MCFA composition of the present invention. Treatment with the MCFA composition had a positive effect on weight gain, while maintaining the same or higher growth rate. Furthermore, the addition of the MCFA composition of the present invention had a positive effect on feed conversion ratio (FCR), thus reducing the amount of feed required. Since survival rates were often higher compared to the control group (G1), treatment with the MCFA composition of the present invention improved the growth performance of crustaceans, particularly shrimp.

[0129] Example 2: Challenge Test—MCFA Composition against Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) and Leukoplakia Syndrome Viruses Impact of WSSV infection risk

[0130] Groups 1 through 5 were challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus (AHPND) and WSSV. Survival rates were determined for each group.

[0131] The survival rates of groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 were higher than those of the control group (G1). It can be concluded that the MCFA composition of the present invention has the effect of reducing the risk of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (AHPND) infection and can be effectively used for prevention and treatment.

[0132] Following WSSV challenge, the survival rates in groups 2, 4, and 5 were significantly higher than those in the control group (G1). The highest survival rates were observed in groups 2 and 5. These results demonstrate that the MCFA composition of this invention reduces the risk of WSSV infection and can be effectively used for prevention and treatment.

[0133] Example 3: Effects of the immuno-MCFA composition on superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total nitric oxide synthase (TNOS) Influence

[0134] For the prevention and / or treatment of infections in crustaceans, the compositions of the present invention have been found to have a positive effect on the general immune response in crustaceans. Relevant immune response indicators, namely superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total nitric oxide synthase (TNOS), were tested in groups 2 to 5 and the control group (G1). SOD and TNOS levels in shrimp serum were determined using commercially available analytical kits.

[0135] The SOD and TNOS levels in groups 2-5 treated with the compositions of the present invention were significantly higher, indicating an improved general anti-infective immune response in crustaceans. As a result, the compositions of the present invention can be highly beneficial in preventing infection.

[0136] Example 4: Immunotherapy-MCFA composition against Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) and Leukoplakia Syndrome Viruses The effects of the (WSSV) challenge on superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total nitric oxide synthase (TNOS) in organisms

[0137] Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total nitric oxide synthase (TNOS) levels were tested in crustaceans in groups 2–5 and the control group (G1) simultaneously challenged with acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). SOD and TNOS levels in shrimp serum were determined using a commercially available analytical kit.

[0138] Compared with the control group (G1), AHPND challenged shrimp fed with the composition of the present invention showed significantly increased SOD and TNOS levels, indicating a beneficial effect on the immune response of AHPND-infected organisms. Therefore, the composition of the present invention can be effectively used for the prevention and / or treatment of infections in crustaceans.

[0139] After challenging shrimp with WSSV, the SOD values ​​in groups 2-5 were approximately at the same level as the control group (G1). The TNOS index showed a considerable improvement compared to the control group (G1). It can be concluded that the compositions of the present invention can be used to improve the immune response in crustaceans infected with WSSV and effectively prevent and / or treat the infection.

[0140] Encapsulation of MCFA compositions

[0141] The encapsulation of MCFA compositions is described below to optimize compositions for use in aquatic environments.

[0142] Example 5: Method for encapsulating MCFA compositions

[0143] The compositions of the present invention were prepared by encapsulating MCFA in a hydrophobic matrix (see table below).

[0144]

[0145] Encapsulation includes the following steps: - Stearic acid is melted at a temperature of 90.0 to 110.0 °C. - Mix molten stearic acid with a composition containing MCFA at a ratio of 7:3, and - Spray solidify the mixture at a temperature of -10.0 to -50.0°C.

[0146] Encapsulation stabilizes the MCFA in the composition, thereby contributing to its prolonged efficacy. Therefore, the antimicrobial activity of the composition is preserved over extended periods of animal administration and / or storage, allowing the composition to optimally withstand the effects of high temperature, high pressure, oxidation, chemical reactivity, and / or water solubility. Encapsulation according to this method also reduces leaching of the composition in aqueous environments.

[0147] It is believed that the invention is not limited to any of the previously described implementations, and that some modifications may be added to the proposed examples without re-evaluating the appended claims.

Claims

1. Use of a composition in the preparation of a pharmaceutical for the prevention and / or treatment of infections in crustaceans, characterized in that, The crustacean infection is acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) or white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection, and the composition contains an effective dose of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) or derivatives thereof, said derivatives being selected from the group consisting of salts, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, or amides, wherein said medium-chain fatty acids contain at least one MCFA selected from the group consisting of citric acid (C6), heptanoic acid (C7), caprylic acid (C8), nonanoic acid (C9), decanoic acid (C10), undecanoic acid (C11), and lauric acid (C12). The MCFA is encapsulated or encapsulated and embedded in a capsule. The MCFA is encapsulated in a matrix containing hydrophobic components. The hydrophobic component has a melting temperature of 50.0 to 120.0°C. The hydrophobic component is stearic acid or its salt, and The mass ratio of the medium-chain fatty acid to the matrix is ​​0.15 to 1.

50.

2. The use as described in claim 1, wherein, The melting temperature of the hydrophobic component is 60.0 to 100.0 °C.

3. The use as described in claim 1, wherein, The mass ratio of the medium-chain fatty acid to the matrix is ​​from 0.40 to 1.

00.

4. The use as described in claim 2, wherein, The mass ratio of the medium-chain fatty acid to the matrix is ​​from 0.40 to 1.

00.

5. The use as described in any one of claims 1-4, wherein, The medium-chain fatty acids include hexanoic acid (C6), caprylic acid (C8), decanoic acid (C10), lauric acid (C12), or combinations thereof.

6. The use as described in any one of claims 1-4, wherein, The composition contains 10.0 to 40.0% by weight of MCFA.

7. The use as described in claim 6, wherein, The composition contains 15.0 to 25.0% by weight of MCFA.

8. The use as described in any one of claims 1-4, wherein, The average particle size of the capsules is 20 to 300 μm.

9. The use as described in claim 8, wherein, The average particle size of the capsules is 40 to 60 μm.

10. The use as described in any one of claims 1-4, wherein, The crustaceans are selected from the group consisting of Litopenaeus vannamei, Penaeus monodon, Krillinus japonicus, Penaeus spp., Penaeus sinensis, Penaeus mogulus, Arctic shrimp, or combinations thereof.

11. Use of a composition in the preparation of animal feed for the prevention and / or treatment of infections in crustaceans, characterized in that, The crustacean infection is acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) or white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection, and the composition contains an effective dose of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) or derivatives thereof, said derivatives being selected from the group consisting of salts, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, or amides, wherein said medium-chain fatty acids contain at least one MCFA selected from the group consisting of citric acid (C6), heptanoic acid (C7), caprylic acid (C8), nonanoic acid (C9), decanoic acid (C10), undecanoic acid (C11), and lauric acid (C12). The MCFA is encapsulated or encapsulated and embedded in a capsule. The MCFA is encapsulated in a matrix containing hydrophobic components. The hydrophobic component has a melting temperature of 50.0 to 120.0°C. The hydrophobic component is stearic acid or its salt, and The mass ratio of the medium-chain fatty acid to the matrix is ​​0.15 to 1.

50.

12. The use as described in claim 11, wherein, The melting temperature of the hydrophobic component is 60.0 to 100.0 °C.

13. The use as described in claim 11, wherein, The mass ratio of the medium-chain fatty acid to the matrix is ​​from 0.40 to 1.

00.

14. The use as described in claim 12, wherein, The mass ratio of the medium-chain fatty acid to the matrix is ​​from 0.40 to 1.

00.

15. The use as described in any one of claims 11-14, wherein, The medium-chain fatty acids include hexanoic acid (C6), caprylic acid (C8), decanoic acid (C10), lauric acid (C12), or combinations thereof.

16. The use as described in any one of claims 11-14, wherein, The composition contains 10.0 to 40.0% by weight of MCFA.

17. The use as described in claim 16, wherein, The composition contains 15.0 to 25.0% by weight of MCFA.

18. The use as described in any one of claims 11-14, wherein, The average particle size of the capsules is 20 to 300 μm.

19. The use as described in claim 18, wherein, The average particle size of the capsules is 40 to 60 μm.

20. The use as described in any one of claims 11-14, wherein, The composition is administered in animal feed at a dosage of 0.01% to 5.00% by weight.

21. The use as described in claim 20, wherein, The composition is administered in animal feed at a dosage of 0.50 to 2.50% by weight.

22. The use as described in any one of claims 11-14, wherein, The effective dosage comprises feeding the composition daily at a rate of 0.001 to 0.500% of the crustacean's weight.

23. The use as described in claim 22, wherein, The effective dosage comprises feeding the composition daily at 0.010 to 0.200% of the crustacean's weight.

24. The use as described in any one of claims 11-14, wherein, The crustaceans are selected from the group consisting of Litopenaeus vannamei, Penaeus monodon, Krillinus japonicus, Penaeus spp., Penaeus sinensis, Penaeus mogulus, Arctic shrimp, or combinations thereof.

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