Automotive glass with high recovery ability to environmental influences

Abstract

This invention relates to a glass panel for vehicles, particularly a glass panel for motor vehicles, comprising: borosilicate glass, particularly a borosilicate glass panel manufactured by a float glass process, the glass panel having a thickness between 1.1 mm and 5.4 mm; and a two-dimensional region for a sensor, particularly an optical sensor, preferably an imaging optical sensor, assigned to the two-dimensional region, wherein, relative to an upward direction (S) perpendicular to the main direction of movement (V) of the vehicle, particularly a vertically upward direction relative to the main direction of movement (V) of the vehicle, at least the tilt angle (α) of the two-dimensional region is in the range between 35° and 65°, preferably between 40° and 60°.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an automotive glass panel comprising borosilicate glass, an assembly, and a laminate comprising the automotive glass panel. Background Technology

[0002] During normal operation, vehicle glass is subjected to a variety of environmental impacts, including mechanical loads caused by particles impacting the glass.

[0003] Although these particles typically vary in shape, size, and hardness, they exhibit typical stress conditions under which they will present typical damage characteristics on the surface of automotive glass and leave these typical damage characteristics permanently on the surface of automotive glass.

[0004] For example, during road construction work in a community or city, there is often sand on the newly paved road section, and vehicles in front may kick up this sand and throw it at vehicles behind them.

[0005] In this case, given that the hardness of these abrasive particles is generally higher than that of conventional automotive glass, glass products, especially those containing mineral glass, may be particularly sensitive to the reaction of these abrasive particles.

[0006] In addition, increasingly sophisticated sensor systems, especially those including optical sensor devices, are being used in modern motor vehicles. They are often used in conjunction with driver assistance systems to enable safer vehicle movement and to avoid causing damage to road traffic.

[0007] However, it is precisely these sensing devices and driver assistance systems that rely on the reliability of data acquisition, which in most cases is achieved through the vehicle itself, often even directly behind its windshield.

[0008] Therefore, the quality of the windshield, which serves as a sensing interface between the vehicle's interior and exterior, is becoming increasingly important.

[0009] If such optical sensing devices include or at least constitute part of an image capture system, the necessary image quality is crucial for the correct sensing and recognition of the subsequent system, and it is usually also necessary to provide particularly adequate optical resolution and appropriate contrast permanently.

[0010] However, if scattered light is generated within the optical interface between the vehicle's exterior and interior, and this scattered light is superimposed on the imaging component of the light detected by the sensor, this will significantly reduce the contrast of the image provided by the imaging device.

[0011] However, this can become particularly dangerous when a noticeably less bright area of ​​the image is being recorded alongside a very bright, especially point, light source. This often occurs at night with oncoming traffic or when the sun is low, and can even cause the light sensor to fail completely if the optical interface is of poor quality, especially when a large amount of stray light reduces contrast, making proper and reliable imaging or image processing impossible.

[0012] In conclusion, it can be said that sensors that are to operate reliably require good visibility, especially in the context of autonomous driving. Summary of the Invention

[0013] The purpose of this invention is to ensure that even after mechanical stress, especially after surface damage, the amount of interference or external light can be kept as low as possible.

[0014] The above objective can be achieved by an automotive glass panel, particularly a motor vehicle glass panel, comprising: borosilicate glass, particularly a borosilicate glass panel manufactured by a float process, the automotive glass panel having: a thickness between 1.1 mm and 5.4 mm; and a two-dimensional region for a sensor, particularly an optical sensor, preferably an imaging optical sensor, assigned to the two-dimensional region, wherein, relative to a direction S extending perpendicularly to the main direction of movement V of the vehicle, particularly a direction vertically upward relative to the main direction of movement V of the vehicle, at least the tilt angle α of the two-dimensional region is in the range between 35° and 65°, preferably between 40° and 60°.

[0015] In the context of this disclosure, the tilt angle α is measured relative to the upward direction perpendicular to the vehicle's direction of travel, such as... Figure 3 and 12 As shown, when the vehicle moves to the left, the tilt angle α in the clockwise direction is considered positive. Using the Cartesian coordinate system shown in the figure, which includes mutually orthogonal spatial directions X, Y, and Z, it is assumed, without loss of generality and only by example, that the upward direction S extends along the Z direction, i.e., along the vertically upward direction, and that the vehicle's direction of travel is opposite to the Y direction.

[0016] It is generally advantageous if the absolute value of the generated scattered light is not only low, but also as insignificant as possible in its dependence on the direction of the damage.

[0017] Therefore, even though automotive glass is typically curved, an operating position can be found for the sensor area, which, despite damage, still exhibits the highest long-term operational stability due to the aforementioned advantages.

[0018] To achieve the objectives of this disclosure, it is further assumed that the vehicle's primary direction of movement is defined by its movement parallel to a plane (preferably a horizontal plane) located below it; and to determine this primary direction of movement, the vehicle's speed is not subjected to any acceleration such as an increase or decrease in speed, nor to any change in direction in the vehicle's travel direction; and the vehicle, relative to the plane of its parallel movement, experiences no change in height due to its horizontal extension, and therefore does not rise or fall during its movement. This allows for very precise indication of the tilt angle α, particularly for the arrangement of borosilicate glass panels on or within the vehicle, based on the mounting position of the automotive glass panels, enabling a defined orientation of the mounting position relative to the vehicle's nominal travel direction, and this particularly allows for the application of test results from, for example, sand droplet tests to actual driving situations. Furthermore, this primary direction of movement covers most actual driving situations in which the travel direction of a vehicle equipped with borosilicate glass panels according to the invention deviates from the primary direction of movement described above by only a small angle.

[0019] For vehicles, especially those exposed to increased particulate loads, particularly those used in harsh operating environments where more than 50% of the particles originate from areas higher than the borosilicate glass plate and impact at an average angle β1 relative to the vehicle's main direction of movement, the tilt angle α allocated to at least the two-dimensional region of the sensor relative to the upward direction S perpendicular to the vehicle's main direction of movement V can be between 35°+β1 and 65°. Such particulate loads can occur, for example, in quarries, gravel mining, or agriculture.

[0020] In this paper, particles are considered to be solid particles frequently encountered in the everyday driving conditions of motor vehicles. As mentioned in the angular specifications in the preceding and following paragraphs, the particles correspond to a whole particle weighing approximately 0.1 g, or 0.0001 kg, and the corresponding measurements for such whole particles, such as in sand droplet tests, will be described in more detail below. However, when more than 50% of the particles originate from a region lower than the borosilicate glass plate and impact at an average angle β2 relative to the vehicle's main direction of movement, the tilt angle α of at least the two-dimensional region assigned to the sensor relative to the upward direction perpendicular to the vehicle's main direction of movement can be between 35° and 60°-β2. Such particle loads may occur, for example, during road and bridge construction operations.

[0021] In some embodiments, the borosilicate glass plate may have curvature in at least some of its regions. In these cases, the tilt angle α of the tangents T1, T2 of the surface of the borosilicate glass plate within the two-dimensional region assigned to the sensor, relative to the upward direction S perpendicular to the main direction of movement V of the vehicle, should be in the range between 35° and 60°.

[0022] For example, the two-dimensional region allocated to the sensor may be located within the upper third, preferably the upper fifth, of the borosilicate glass plate as defined in its mounting location.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment, the borosilicate glass plate may be heat-tempered. In embodiments with heat-tempered borosilicate glass plates, the near-surface compressive stress may have a total value between 100 MPa and 300 MPa.

[0024] In a further preferred embodiment, the borosilicate glass plate may be chemically tempered. In embodiments with chemically tempered borosilicate glass plates, the near-surface compressive stress CS can have a value from 100 MPa to 300 MPa. In embodiments with chemically tempered borosilicate glass plates, the depth of the compressive stress zone (also referred to as the layer depth DoL) can range from 25 μm to 50 μm.

[0025] Advantageously, the borosilicate glass plate comprises or is composed of borosilicate glass, which includes components having the following composition (in weight percent):

[0026] The positive properties of borosilicate glass, which can be particularly achieved by referring to the sand droplet test, will be described in more detail below.

[0027] Other embodiments of the borosilicate glass plate may also include or be composed of borosilicate glass, the borosilicate glass comprising components having the following components (in weight percent):

[0028] In embodiments of this disclosure, the above-described components are preferably used in combination with additional conditions. Since these additional conditions are more advantageously expressed as mole percentages (abbreviated as mol%), the composition of the borosilicate glass disclosed above is first converted to mol%.

[0029] For each oxide, clearly defined lower and upper limits for the component range are given in mole percentage, which also correspond to the concentration range of that oxide in mole percentage. For the lower and upper limits, the mole percentage components corresponding to all component ranges in weight percentage can be described as follows:

[0030] The additional conditions are derived from the background described in more detail below.

[0031] In the presence of alkali metal oxides and alkaline earth metal oxides, both boron and aluminum ions tend to absorb oxygen from these oxides—that is, the oxygen initially bound to them—and tend to transform into tetrahedral coordination. Therefore, the resulting tetrahedra are more suitable for networks composed primarily of silicon oxide tetrahedra.

[0032] In this case, aluminum ions are preferred; see Sebastian Bruns, Tobias Uesbeck, Dominik Weil, and Doris. Leo van Wüllen, Karsten Durst, and Dominique de Ligny, Influence of Al₂O₃ Addition on Structure and Mechanical Properties of Borosilicate Glasses, Front. Mater., July 28, 2020. Therefore, if alkali metal oxides and alkaline earth metal oxides cannot provide enough oxygen ions, boron ions will remain. These boron atoms will then be trigonally coordinated.

[0033] The proportion of trigonal boron, expressed in mol%, is calculated as follows: c B2O3,trigonal =c B2O3 +c Al2O3 -c Na2O -c K2O -c Li2O

[0034] Here, "c" represents the corresponding concentration in mol%. B2O3 c represents the total concentration of B2O3. B2O3，trigonal This refers to the triangular coordination portion based on this calculation. Therefore: c B2O3,trigonal The concentration of trigonal-bound boron is expressed in mol%. c B2O3 The concentration of boron oxide (B₂O₃) is expressed in mol%. c Al2O3 The concentration of aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) is expressed in mol%. c Na2O The concentration of sodium oxide (Na₂O) is expressed in mol%. C K2O The concentration of potassium oxide (K₂O) is expressed in mol%. c Li2O The concentration of lithium oxide (Li₂O) is expressed in mol%.

[0035] Therefore, among all the currently disclosed component specifications for borosilicate glasses, the above concentration c B2O3 c Al2O3 c Na2O c K2O c Li2O This corresponds to the proportion of the component in the form of oxides given in mole percent by the subscript.

[0036] If c B2O3,trigonal A value greater than zero is advantageous because the three triangularly coordinated boron atoms aggregate to form a planar structure, namely, a boron-oxygen ring (see Christian Hermansen, Quantitative Evaluation of Densification and Crack Resistance in Silicate Glasses, Master's Thesis, Aalborg University, Denmark, July 5, 2011). These boron-oxygen rings tend to aggregate, and adjacent boron-oxygen rings can slide against each other.

[0037] These boron-oxygen rings aggregated within the borosilicate glass network thus form domains with a layered structure. Parallel to these layers, the glass network is able to absorb forces without breaking the bonds. This improves the brittle fracture behavior of the glass and achieves currently known resistance, particularly improved stone impact resistance. For example, evidence of the proportion of borane structures can be provided by 11B-MAS-NMR analysis.

[0038] Under the conditions specified below, the boron oxide rings aggregated in the borosilicate glass network thus provide an internal "lubricant." This counteracts brittleness and therefore surface damage.

[0039] On the other hand, an excessive proportion of trigonal boron is detrimental to chemical resistance, especially alkali resistance, because the hydroxide ions that diffuse in will move very quickly along the aforementioned "sliding plane".

[0040] However, sufficient alkali resistance is particularly important for the long-term durability of automotive glass, as it is frequently exposed to alkalis during operation, which may be caused, for example, by environmental influences or by additives in cleaning processes (such as in car washes or windshield washer fluids).

[0041] Therefore, for the first group of borosilicate glasses, the preferred composition given above in mol% is c B2O3，trigonalThe content is at least 3 mol%, preferably at least 5 mol%, more preferably at least 7 mol%, most preferably at least 9 mol%, but not exceeding 11 mol%, preferably not exceeding 10 mol%.

[0042] Therefore, the following generally applies to the composition of Group I borosilicate glasses in mol% terms: B₂O₃ + Al₂O₃ - Na₂O - K₂O – Li₂O ≥ 3 Mol⁻ %; and B2O3+Al2O3-Na2O-K2O–Li2O≤11Mol-%.

[0043] Furthermore, the following applies to preferred embodiments: B₂O₃ + Al₂O₃ - Na₂O - K₂O – Li₂O ≥ 5 mol-%; and B2O3+Al2O3-Na2O-K2O–Li2O≤10Mol-%.

[0044] Furthermore, the following are particularly preferred embodiments applicable to the first group of borosilicate glasses: B₂O₃ + Al₂O₃ - Na₂O - K₂O – Li₂O ≥ 7 Mol⁻ %; and B2O3+Al2O3-Na2O-K2O–Li2O≤9Mol-%.

[0045] Furthermore, the following are the most preferred embodiments applicable to the first group of borosilicate glasses: B₂O₃ + Al₂O₃ - Na₂O - K₂O – Li₂O ≥ 9 Mol⁻ %; and B2O3+Al2O3-Na2O-K2O–Li2O≤10Mol-%.

[0046] The second group of borosilicate glasses exhibits particularly high alkali resistance. B2O3，trigonal It is at least 2 mol%, preferably at least 4 mol%, particularly preferably at least 6 mol%, but not exceeding 10 mol%, preferably not exceeding 8 mol%.

[0047] Therefore, the following generally applies to Group II borosilicate glasses: B₂O₃ + Al₂O₃ - Na₂O - K₂O – Li₂O ≥ 2 Mol⁻%; and B2O3+Al2O3-Na2O-K2O–Li2O≤10Mol-%.

[0048] Furthermore, the following are preferred embodiments applicable to the second group of borosilicate glasses: B₂O₃ + Al₂O₃ - Na₂O - K₂O – Li₂O ≥ 4 Mol⁻%; and B2O3+Al2O3-Na2O-K2O–Li2O≤8Mol-%.

[0049] Furthermore, the following are particularly preferred embodiments applicable to the second group of borosilicate glasses: B₂O₃ + Al₂O₃ - Na₂O - K₂O – Li₂O ≥ 6 Mol⁻ %; and B2O3+Al2O3-Na2O-K2O–Li2O≤8Mol-%.

[0050] Other embodiments of the borosilicate glass plate may include or be composed of borosilicate glass, the borosilicate glass comprising components having the following components (in weight percent):

[0051] In the currently disclosed embodiments, the above-described components are also preferably used in combination with additional conditions. Since these additional conditions can advantageously be expressed as molar percentages, the composition of the borosilicate glass disclosed above is first converted to mol%.

[0052] For each oxide, clearly defined lower and upper limits of the component range are given in mole percentage, which also correspond to the respective concentration range (in mol%) for that oxide. For the lower and upper limits, the mole percentage components corresponding to all component ranges in weight percentage can be described as follows:

[0053] Here, the additional condition is also: c B2O3,trigonal =c B2O3 +c Al2O3 -c Na2O -c K2O -c CaO

[0054] Therefore, for the first group of borosilicate glasses, the preferred composition given above in mol% is c B2O3,trigonal It is at least 3 mol%, preferably at least 5 mol%, particularly preferably at least 7 mol%, most preferably at least 9 mol%, but not exceeding 11 mol%, preferably not exceeding 10 mol%.

[0055] Therefore, the following generally applies to the composition of Group I borosilicate glasses in mol% terms: B₂O₃ + Al₂O₃ - Na₂O - K₂O – Li₂O ≥ 3 Mol⁻ %; and B2O3+Al2O3-Na2O-K2O–Li2O≤11Mol-%.

[0056] Furthermore, the following applies to preferred embodiments: B₂O₃ + Al₂O₃ - Na₂O - K₂O – Li₂O ≥ 5 mol-%; and B2O3+Al2O3-Na2O-K2O–Li2O≤10Mol-%.

[0057] Furthermore, the following are particularly preferred embodiments applicable to the first group of borosilicate glasses: B₂O₃ + Al₂O₃ - Na₂O - K₂O – Li₂O ≥ 7 Mol⁻ %; and B2O3+Al2O3-Na2O-K2O–Li2O≤9Mol-%.

[0058] Furthermore, the following are particularly preferred embodiments applicable to the first group of borosilicate glasses: B₂O₃ + Al₂O₃ - Na₂O - K₂O – Li₂O ≥ 9 Mol⁻ %; and B2O3+Al2O3-Na2O-K2O–Li2O≤10Mol-%.

[0059] The second group of borosilicate glasses exhibits particularly high alkali resistance. B2O3,trigonal It is at least 2 mol%, preferably at least 4 mol%, particularly preferably at least 6 mol%, but not exceeding 10 mol%, preferably not exceeding 8 mol%.

[0060] Therefore, the following generally applies to Group II borosilicate glasses: B₂O₃ + Al₂O₃ - Na₂O - K₂O – Li₂O ≥ 2 Mol⁻%; and B2O3+Al2O3-Na2O-K2O–Li2O≤10Mol-%.

[0061] Furthermore, the following are preferred embodiments applicable to the second group of borosilicate glasses: B₂O₃ + Al₂O₃ - Na₂O - K₂O – Li₂O ≥ 4 Mol⁻%; and B2O3+Al2O3-Na2O-K2O–Li2O≤8Mol-%.

[0062] Furthermore, the following are particularly preferred embodiments applicable to the second group of borosilicate glasses: B₂O₃ + Al₂O₃ - Na₂O - K₂O – Li₂O ≥ 6 Mol⁻ %; and B2O3+Al2O3-Na2O-K2O–Li2O≤8Mol-%.

[0063] In the context of this disclosure, a laminate is also disclosed, comprising: at least one float borosilicate glass plate as described above, the thickness of which is between 1.1 mm and 5.4 mm; at least one other glass plate; and at least one polymer interlayer.

[0064] Another glass plate may include, for example, soda-lime glass or borosilicate glass as disclosed in this application, or be made of soda-lime glass or borosilicate glass as disclosed in this application.

[0065] In this laminate, sensors, particularly optical sensors, can be disposed between the borosilicate glass plate and the other glass plate, specifically within or near the polymer interlayer located between the borosilicate glass plate and the other glass plate.

[0066] In other embodiments that may be intended to improve conventional automotive glass, a borosilicate glass plate may, for example, be disposed at least in front of a two-dimensional region having sensors, particularly optical sensors, preferably imaging optical sensors, assigned thereto.

[0067] Such a component is particularly advantageous if the first sheet of the automotive glass or laminate does not include borosilicate glass, but instead includes, for example, soda-lime glass or is made of soda-lime glass. In this case, the advantages described in this disclosure can also be applied to conventional automotive glass.

[0068] In many cases, it is sufficient to simply place the borosilicate glass plate in front of the two-dimensional area to which the sensor, especially an optical sensor, is located. Therefore, when replacing the borosilicate glass plate in front of the corresponding sensor, it is not necessary to replace the entire automotive glass, resulting in considerable cost savings. This cost saving plays a particularly important role in the commercial sector.

[0069] In these embodiments, the polymer interlayer disposed between the borosilicate glass plate and the first automotive glass plate, which does not include borosilicate glass but specifically includes soda-lime glass, can be colored to reduce, for example, heat radiation entering the interior of the vehicle.

[0070] Given the advantages described above, automotive glass panels, particularly windshields, are typically exposed to higher particulate loads compared to, for example, panoramic windows or side and rear windows mounted in the roof. Attached Figure Description

[0071] The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and exemplary embodiments, wherein:

[0072] Figure 1 A schematic front view of the apparatus used to perform a sand droplet test is shown.

[0073] Figure 2 A further schematic front view of the apparatus used to perform a sand droplet test is shown, which additionally illustrates the particle momentum occurring in a motor vehicle under typical driving conditions;

[0074] Figure 3 A vertical cross-sectional view of a motor vehicle glass including a borosilicate glass plate according to a first embodiment is shown, illustrating the motor vehicle glass in its nominal mounting position in a motor vehicle;

[0075] Figure 4 A horizontal cross-sectional view of a motor vehicle glass comprising a borosilicate glass plate according to another embodiment is shown;

[0076] Figure 5 A micrograph is shown of the surface of a soda-lime glass plate subjected to a sand droplet test, in which the surface is exposed to the action of sand particles during the test;

[0077] Figure 6 A micrograph is shown of the surface of a borosilicate glass plate subjected to a sand droplet test, in which the surface is exposed to the action of sand particles during the test;

[0078] Figure 7 Micrographs are shown of the surfaces of soda-lime glass and borosilicate glass plates subjected to a sand droplet test when sand particles impact the corresponding glass plates at different angles α'. These surfaces are exposed to the action of sand particles during the test, and neither the soda-lime glass nor the borosilicate glass plates are tempered.

[0079] Figure 8 Micrographs are shown of the surfaces of soda-lime glass and borosilicate glass plates subjected to a sand droplet test when sand grains impact the corresponding glass plates at different angles α'. These surfaces are exposed to the action of sand grains during the test, and the soda-lime glass and borosilicate glass plates have been heat-tempered.

[0080] Figure 9 The haze value is shown as the result of the scattered light measurement obtained at an inclination angle α' after a sand drop test was performed on a non-tempered soda-lime glass plate and a non-tempered borosilicate glass plate for a total impact sand grain amount of 0.25 kg basalt sand grains.

[0081] Figure 10 The haze value is shown as the result of the scattered light measurement obtained at an inclination angle α' after a sand drop test was performed on a non-tempered soda-lime glass plate and a non-tempered borosilicate glass plate for a total impact sand grain amount of 0.5 kg basalt sand grains.

[0082] Figure 11 The haze values ​​are shown as the results of scattered light measurements obtained at an inclination angle α' after a sand drop test was conducted on a hot-tempered soda-lime glass plate and a hot-tempered borosilicate glass plate for a total impact sand grain amount of 0.5 kg.

[0083] Figure 12 A vertical cross-sectional view of an automotive glass comprising a borosilicate glass plate according to another embodiment is shown, illustrating angles β1 and β2 of particles impacting the automotive glass; and

[0084] Figure 13 A vertical cross-sectional view of another automotive glass, including a borosilicate glass plate, is shown according to another embodiment, wherein the borosilicate glass plate covers only the portion of the automotive glass plate that is not made of borosilicate glass, in order to protect sensors, particularly optical sensors.

[0085] Figure 14 It shows Figure 12 The view additionally shows equipment for determining the environment, particularly a harsh operating environment, in which more than 50% of the particles originate from areas higher than the borosilicate glass plate, or in areas lower than the borosilicate glass plate. Detailed Implementation

[0086] Preferred embodiments will be described in detail below, wherein the same reference numerals denote the same or equivalent parts. For better understanding and for clarity, the drawings are not drawn to scale.

[0087] Now refer to Figure 1 The diagram shows a highly schematic front view of an apparatus 1 used to perform a sand droplet test. A container 2 with an opening at the bottom contains sand particles 3, which can enter a free-fall tube 4 from the container 2 and, after passing through a free-fall section F, detach from the tube and fall onto a glass plate 5. At the glass plate, the sand particles 3 possess a defined particle momentum P. t(rickle) The impact occurs when the particle's momentum is determined by its corresponding mass and the velocity V it gains along the free-fall segment F. max Limited by.

[0088] To avoid adhesion, the particles 3 are dried before the sand drop test to ensure that only individual particles 3, independent of other particles, rather than clumps of particles, impact the glass plate 5.

[0089] The glass plate 5 can be arranged at different tilt angles α', which refers to the angle relative to the horizontal plane 6, and the sand particles 3 move vertically relative to the horizontal plane 6 until they hit the glass plate 5.

[0090] Perform the respective sand droplet tests as described above at the defined tilt angle α' shown in the figure until all the sand particles 3 shown have impacted the glass plate 5.

[0091] For each tilt angle α', a new glass plate 5 with an undamaged surface is used for the corresponding sand drop test. Once the sand drop test has been completed at each of these angles, each glass plate 5 is examined using a microscope and scattered light measurements.

[0092] The free fall height F is 1.65m, which limits the particle velocity v upon impact with the glass plate 5. max It is approximately 5.689 m / s, of which The average mass of the sand particles is 0.1g, or 0.0001kg. The particle momentum P at the moment of impact (of each particle) is... t Given m·v = 0.000568973 Ns, this momentum is... Figure 2 The middle is represented as P t(rickle) For particles with a total mass of 0.25 kg, the total momentum of all particles is approximately 1.422431896 Ns. For particles with a total mass of 0.5 kg, the total momentum of all particles is approximately 2.844863793 Ns. The particles consist of microgranular basalt sand grains.

[0093] Such haze measurement can be performed using a properly calibrated haze measuring device according to ASTM D1003 (CIE C), and in the case described in this invention, the device is the Haze-Gard plus AT-4725 device from BYK-Gardner.

[0094] Table 1 below shows the values ​​of scattered light, i.e., haze, obtained in the sand droplet test using the parameters described above. The value labeled SL refers to the haze value obtained when measuring soda-lime glass, and the value labeled BS refers to the value obtained when measuring borosilicate glass.

[0095] Neither the glass plate 5 made of soda-lime glass nor the glass plate 5 made of borosilicate glass was tempered, and for each tilt angle α' shown in the table below, 0.25 kg of basalt sand grains were used.

[0096] Table 1: Haze values ​​of soda-lime glass (SL) and borosilicate glass (BS)

[0097] Since the same amount of sand was used under the same conditions when conducting the sand droplet test, the probability of double / multiple impacts is the same for these types of glass.

[0098] For borosilicate glass, which is less brittle than soda-lime glass, a single impact often creates a small, isolated dent on the surface, but it usually does not shatter. When another impact occurs at the same point, the dent typically only deepens. In contrast to soda-lime glass, borosilicate glass exhibits greater plasticity, which is related to its tendency to cause less haze-implying damage.

[0099] Soda-lime glass is more brittle than borosilicate glass, so repeated impacts can cause it to shatter. This fracturing or debris on the surface leads to an increase in haze due to the resulting broken surface texture (fracture pattern) and at least partially the multiple optical (air-glass) transitions. This results in the amplification of scattered light, as caused by the corresponding fracture pattern.

[0100] Furthermore, soda-lime glass has a higher refractive index than the borosilicate glass used here. Therefore, defects of the same size will cause soda-lime glass to exhibit a stronger scattering effect, resulting in a higher haze value. Soda-lime glass has a refractive index greater than 1.5, while the borosilicate glass used here has a refractive index of approximately 1.47.

[0101] Figure 5 An optical microscope image of the surface of a soda-lime glass plate is shown. Figure 6 An optical microscope image of the surface of a borosilicate glass plate is shown. It can be clearly seen that, under the same test conditions, the damaged area of ​​soda-lime glass is much larger than that of borosilicate glass, which is in good agreement with the results of the scattered light measurement, i.e., the haze result.

[0102] like Figure 7 and 8 As shown, it can also be observed that all measurements at the tilt angle α' have roughly the same result.

[0103] Reference Figure 2 Now we will explain how the results of the sand drop test can be applied to driving scenarios, such as those frequently encountered in the daily operation of motor vehicles.

[0104] Figure 2 A further schematic front view of the apparatus 1 for performing the sand droplet test is shown, which also illustrates the particle momentum P generated in the motor vehicle when the aforementioned sand particles impact the glass plate 5 under typical driving conditions. r(oad) .

[0105] By first defining the vehicle's main direction of movement V, the mounting position of the glass panel within or on the vehicle can then be specified relative to that main direction of movement V. For example, Figure 3 The cross-sectional view shows a portion of the motor vehicle 7, showing only the laminated glass 8 and the vehicle body sections 9 and 10 that support the laminated glass.

[0106] If the main direction of movement V is in the horizontal plane 6 (during the sand drop test, the sand particles 3 move vertically relative to the horizontal plane 6 until they hit the glass plate 5), the results obtained in the sand drop test can be applied to the installation position of the glass plate in the motor vehicle, especially relative to its corresponding tilt angles α, α', as will be described below.

[0107] Therefore, it can be assumed that under common actual driving conditions, the particles 3' that impact the vehicle glass, especially the glass panel 5, move against the main direction of movement V and have momentum P when they impact the glass panel 5. r(oad) .

[0108] To apply the results of the sand droplet test to common real-world driving scenarios, momentum P t(rickle) and P r(oad) The direction of the normal N on the surface 5' of the glass plate 5 at the impact points of particles 3 and 3' is as follows: Figure 2 The diagram shows them as being on the same plane to avoid lateral angular deviations for this conversion.

[0109] For example, the main direction of movement V of the vehicle, especially the motor vehicle 7, is defined here by the movement of the vehicle parallel to a plane located below the vehicle (here, a horizontal plane 6 parallel to the plane encompassed by directions X and Y in the Cartesian coordinate system), as can be seen from... Figure 2 It's obvious.

[0110] However, due to momentum P t(rickle) and P r(oad) Since the directions are perpendicular to each other, in order to apply the results of the sand drop test to common actual driving situations, it is necessary to match the tilt angle α' used in the sand drop test with the direction in which the particle 3 impacts the glass plate 5.

[0111] For this purpose, Figure 2 The tilt angle α of these conversions is shown, which shows at least the tilt angle α of the two-dimensional region 11 relative to the upward direction S perpendicular to the main direction of movement V of the vehicle.

[0112] This device allows the results of sand droplet tests to be applied to common driving scenarios, and can also be used to determine the value of the tilt angle α'.

[0113] Surprisingly, it has been found that the results obtained from sand particles used in sand dripping tests can be applied to common real-world driving scenarios, although in these scenarios: a) The corresponding weight of the particles impacting the glass plate 5; b) The corresponding velocity of the particles impacting the glass plate 5; c) The shape of the particles impacting glass plate 5; and d) The material of the particles impacting glass plate 5. It is not necessarily required to match the particles used in the sand drop test.

[0114] Given the reusability of these results discovered by the inventors, advantageous design specifications can be made, particularly regarding the arrangement of the two-dimensional region for sensors allocated to the two-dimensional region, especially optical sensors, preferably imaging optical sensors, thereby demonstrating the advantages according to the invention.

[0115] Therefore, in the context of this disclosure, particles are also specifically understood to be those particles used in subsequent sand droplet tests and that are also commonly present in everyday driving conditions.

[0116] However, for this purpose, the results of the sand droplet test should be discussed more carefully again.

[0117] According to Table 1 and Figure 9 , 10 The results of the scattered light measurements shown in Figure 11 clearly show, based on the haze values, that regardless of whether it is heat-tempered, and especially for all the measured tilt angles, the haze value of the soda-lime glass plate is always higher than that of the borosilicate glass plate.

[0118] Furthermore, it can be seen that the haze value changes with the corresponding tilt angle α.

[0119] For the haze value of borosilicate glass, Figure 8 , 9 The auxiliary line G is plotted in Figure 10, which shows that for tilt angles α greater than approximately 30°, increasing the tilt angle α leads to a continuous decrease in haze value.

[0120] Therefore, particularly advantageous values ​​are reliably produced for the tilt angle α and thus for tilt degrees greater than 35°, for example, Figure 2 As shown, the tilt angle can be specified relative to the upward direction S perpendicular to the vehicle's main direction of movement V, particularly the direction vertically upward relative to the vehicle's main direction of movement V. For example, in common real-world driving situations, such as... Figure 2 The glass plate shown, with this tilt angle α, will have a correspondingly reduced sensitivity to scattered light when exposed to particle impacts.

[0121] Due to configuration conditions, especially when using optical sensors, particularly imaging optical sensors, a maximum tilt angle of approximately 65° has proven advantageous, as this allows distortion in the beam path and planar parallel image offset to be kept at a low level.

[0122] These specifications are particularly applicable to two-dimensional regions 11, such as those currently disclosed in borosilicate glass plates, e.g. Figure 4 and Figure 12 As shown schematically only, this two-dimensional region is allocated to the optical sensor 12, and in particular the imaging optical sensor 12.

[0123] Therefore, relative to the upward direction S perpendicular to the vehicle's main direction of movement V, at least the tilt angle of this two-dimensional region, also known as the vertical tilt angle α, is advantageously in the range between 35° and 65°, preferably between 40° and 60°.

[0124] Therefore, the area that can be assigned to the sensor as a two-dimensional region 11, or that can be used as the area assigned to the sensor as region 11, can be any desired area of ​​the automotive glass 8, 8', in which the area satisfies the above conditions for the currently disclosed vertical tilt angles α, α1, and α2 and the horizontal tilt angle γ as specified below, and the size of the area allows light to enter to a degree that satisfies the corresponding sensor. In the case of a simple sensor that only detects brightness (such as a light-emitting diode), the size of this two-dimensional region can be as small as 1 cm. 2 In the case of more complex sensors, such as imaging sensors or rain sensors, the area size of this two-dimensional region can reach approximately 25 cm. 2 Or even larger. This two-dimensional region can have a square, rectangle, polygon, circle, ellipse shape, or a free-form shape.

[0125] from Figure 4 It can be seen that a horizontal tilt angle γ can also be considered, which is defined by the normal vector N of the surface 5' of the glass plate 5 relative to the main direction of movement V of the vehicle. For such a defined horizontal tilt angle γ, the corresponding descriptions of the vertical tilt angles α, α1, and α2 given in this disclosure should apply accordingly. However, due to the geometric relationships shown in a simplified manner, the following relationship can be applied to the corresponding absolute value of the horizontal tilt angle γ: γ = 90° - α, and in particular also to the numerical value of α in the corresponding disclosure.

[0126] exist Figure 12 In the case of the flat glass, particularly the flat laminated glass 8, the vertical tilt or the vertical tilt angle α applies to the entire surface, and in particular also to the entire surface of the first glass plate 5 of the laminated glass 8 having surface 5'.

[0127] For vehicles, especially those exposed to increased particulate loads, particularly those used in harsh operating environments, where more than 50% of the sand particles originate from areas higher than the borosilicate glass plate and impact at an average angle β1 relative to the vehicle's main direction of movement, the tilt angle α of at least the two-dimensional region assigned to the sensor relative to the upward direction (S) perpendicular to the vehicle's main direction of movement V can be in the range between 35°+β1 and 65°.

[0128] The embodiments described in the preceding paragraphs are not limited to use in harsh operating environments, but can also be advantageously used in situations not limited by the operating environment of motor vehicles. However, in such cases, the advantages currently described for particles originating from regions higher than the borosilicate glass plate will also be realized.

[0129] For example Figure 12 As shown, if more than 50% of the sand particles come from a region lower than the borosilicate glass plate and impact at an average angle of β2 relative to the vehicle's main direction of movement, then the tilt angle α assigned to at least the two-dimensional region of the sensor relative to the upward direction perpendicular to the vehicle's main direction of movement is in the range between 35° and 60° - β2.

[0130] The embodiments described in the preceding paragraphs are not limited to use in harsh operating environments, but can also be advantageously used in situations unrestricted by the operating environment of a motor vehicle. However, in such cases, the advantages currently described for particles originating from regions lower than the borosilicate glass plate will also be realized.

[0131] The detection of particles originating from regions higher than the borosilicate glass plate and particles originating from regions lower than the borosilicate glass plate can be illustrated by examples, for instance, by those skilled in the art. Figure 14 This is accomplished as shown, namely, by using measuring containers G1, G2, and G3, which open in the driving direction V and close under typical conditions of the environment (such as the vehicle speed allowed in that environment). Each of these containers G1, G2, and G3 can be installed on the front or side of the corresponding automotive glass, particularly borosilicate glass, and all have the same opening cross-section in the driving direction.

[0132] Container G1, with its opening O1 facing upwards, allows particles to enter from a region higher than the borosilicate glass plate. Container G2, with its horizontally facing opening O2, allows particles to enter from the region in front of the borosilicate glass plate, and container G3, with its opening O3 facing downwards, allows particles to enter from a region lower than the borosilicate glass plate.

[0133] The greater the length of containers G1, G2, and G3 in the direction of travel, and the lower the inclination of openings O1 and O2 relative to the direction of travel V, the more accurate the measurement results will be. Those skilled in the art will adjust these containers according to the corresponding needs based on accuracy requirements.

[0134] By weighing the amounts M1, M2, and M3 of particles collected in measuring containers G1, G2, and G3 in the corresponding environments, those skilled in the art can then determine, for example, by calculating the quotient M1 / (M1+M2+M3) for particles from higher-level regions and the quotient M3 / (M1+M2+M3) for particles from lower-level regions.

[0135] To determine the angles β1 and β2 of the particles impacting the vehicle glass, a container G2, preferably arranged in front of the two-dimensional area allocated to the sensor, can be tilted upward at a specific angle, i.e., tilted in the positive direction of angle β1, and this tilt angle can vary between 0° and 30°, for example, in increments of 5°. The container G2 can also be tilted downward at a specific angle, i.e., tilted in the positive direction of angle β2, and this tilt angle can vary between 0° and 25°, for example, in increments of 5°, thereby covering all angles relevant to these current embodiments. By driving through the corresponding environment one or more times at each tilt angle, the mass M2 gained in the container G2 during the passage through the environment can be allocated to the corresponding tilt angle, and the amount of particles originating from that angle can be determined from the mass M2 allocated to the corresponding angle. Although a 5° angle interval is considered sufficient, those skilled in the art can also choose smaller angle increments if they still wish to increase the accuracy of the measurement. In this way, the average value of particles impacting at angles β1 or β2 relative to the vehicle's main direction of movement (V) can be determined, and the average values ​​of β1 and β2 can be determined, for example, by linear averaging.

[0136] Glass plate 5, especially glass plate existing in the form of the first plate of laminated glass 8, can have a thickness D from 1.1 mm to 5.4 mm.

[0137] For example, a thickness D ranging from 3mm to 5mm is particularly suitable for trucks.

[0138] Borosilicate glass plates can be used as glass plate 5 on the outside, or as... Figure 12 As indicated by reference numeral 13, it serves as another glass plate 13 on the inside.

[0139] A polymer interlayer 14 is provided between the outer glass plate 5 and the inner glass plate 13 of the laminated glass 8, which is used to firmly and mechanically fix the glass plates 5 and 13 to each other.

[0140] In a further embodiment, sensor 15, particularly optical sensor 15, may be additionally disposed on borosilicate glass plate 5, and in the case of laminated glass 8, also disposed on another glass plate. Sensor 15 may be disposed, for example, within or near polymer interlayer 14 located between the borosilicate glass plate and the other glass plate. In the context of this document, if sensor 15 is partially embedded in polymer interlayer 14, particularly in each case partially embedded laterally in polymer interlayer 14, rather than being thereby surrounded on all its sides, but having a portion adjacent to borosilicate glass plate 5 and / or adjacent to another glass plate 13 rather than adjacent to polymer interlayer 14, then sensor 15 is referred to as being positioned close to polymer interlayer 14.

[0141] Now refer to Figure 13 It shows a vertical cross-sectional view of another type of automotive glass, particularly a laminated glass 8' comprising a borosilicate glass plate 16 according to another embodiment.

[0142] In this embodiment, the borosilicate glass plate 16 covers only a portion of the automotive glass plate 17 to protect the sensors, particularly the optical sensors 12 and 15, and thus covers at least the corresponding two-dimensional region 11 allocated to the optical sensors, wherein the automotive glass plate 17 specifically does not include borosilicate glass.

[0143] The polymer interlayer 18 disposed between the borosilicate glass plate 16 and the automotive glass plate 17, which is the first plate and specifically does not include borosilicate glass, and in this case, the polymer interlayer 18 may specifically include a heat-absorbing or heat-reflecting hue.

[0144] However, the present invention is not limited to flat glass plates; glass plates with curvature, such as glass plates with curvature in at least some areas, can also be used to implement the present invention.

[0145] exist Figure 3 and 4 In the embodiment shown, the tilt angles α1 and α2 of the tangents T1 and T2 of the surface 5' of the borosilicate glass plate 5 located in or in front of the sensor in the upward direction (S) perpendicular to the main direction of vehicle movement, and particularly in the direction vertically upward relative to the main direction of vehicle movement (V), should be between 35° and 60°, and preferably between 40° and 60°.

[0146] However, as Figure 3As shown, the statement "tangents T1, T2 located on or in front of surface 5' within the two-dimensional region assigned to the sensor" refers to the beam paths 19, 20 of light passing through the glass plates, which are refracted at the corresponding inclined surfaces of the glass plate 5 and another inner glass plate 13 of the laminated glass 8, resulting in a plane parallel offset. This statement aims to ensure that the aforementioned conditions of the corresponding inclination angles α1, α2 are satisfied for all light incident on the two-dimensional region 11 and thus propagating along beam paths 19, 20.

[0147] In such embodiments, particularly in view of the planar parallel offset as described above, the following arrangement is advantageous: that is, the two-dimensional region 11 assigned to the sensor 12 is located within the upper third, preferably within the upper fifth, of the borosilicate glass plate 5 defined in its mounting position, and in the sense of this disclosure, "upper" or "upward" can be understood to refer to the Z direction of the Cartesian coordinate system as shown in the figures, and the "upper third" or "upper fifth" of the automotive glass plate is understood to be the upper third or upper fifth relative to the Z direction.

[0148] Typically, in the embodiments disclosed above, the optical sensor 12 may be arranged in a two-dimensional region 11 assigned to the sensor, preferably a brightness detection sensor, an imaging sensor, or a rain sensor. List of reference numerals 1 Apparatus for performing sand droplet tests 2 containers 3. Sand particles 4 Free Fall Tube 5. Glass plate subjected to sand droplet test 5' The surface of glass plate 5 subjected to sand impact. 6. At a horizontal plane, during the sand droplet test, sand particles 3 move vertically relative to this horizontal plane until they impact the glass plate 5. 7 Motor vehicles 8. Laminated glass for motor vehicles Another embodiment of 8' laminated glass 9. The body portion of the motor vehicle 7 that supports the laminated glass 8. 10. The body portion of the motor vehicle 7 supporting the laminated glass 8. 11 A two-dimensional region of a currently disclosed borosilicate glass plate, but which is not necessarily a flat region, having an optical sensor 12, particularly an imaging optical sensor 12, assigned to it. 12 Optical sensors, especially brightness detection optical sensors, imaging optical sensors, or rain sensors. The other inner glass plate of 13 laminated glass 8 14 Polymer Interlayer 15 Sensors, particularly optical sensors in the polymer interlayer 14 16. Another embodiment of a borosilicate glass plate 17. Glass panels for motor vehicles, specifically free of borosilicate glass. 18 Polymer Interlayer 19. The beam path of light passing through the glass plate 20. Beam path of light passing through the glass plate F Free fall height G Auxiliary Line G1 Measuring Container G2 Measuring Container G3 Measuring Container M1 measures the amount of particles obtained in the measuring container G1. M2 measures the amount of particles obtained in measuring container G2. M3 measures the amount of particles obtained in the measuring container G3. P t(rickle) The particle momentum of sand during the sand droplet test P r(oad) The particle momentum generated by a motor vehicle under typical driving conditions V. Main direction of movement of the vehicle, particularly the vehicle equipped with the borosilicate glass plate of the present invention. S is the upward direction perpendicular to the vehicle's main direction of movement V. The normal direction of the surface 5' of glass plate 5 at the point of impact of sand grain 3 O1 measures the opening of container G1. O2 Measurement container G2 opening O3 Measuring the opening of container G3 α' is the angle of inclination of sand particle 3 impacting glass plate 5 in the sand droplet test. α is the tilt angle relative to the upward direction S, which is perpendicular to the vehicle's main direction of movement V; it is also called the vertical tilt angle. γ horizontal tilt angle Tangent 5' on the surface of glass plate 5 of T1 Tangent 5' on the surface of glass plate 5 of T2 The angle of inclination of the tangent T1 to the surface 5' of glass plate 5 relative to S. The angle of inclination of the tangent T2 to the surface 5' of glass plate 5 relative to S. Thickness of borosilicate glass plate 5 (D) β1 Impact angle of particles from the high-position region β2 is the impact angle of particles from this bottom region.

Claims

1. An automotive glass panel comprising borosilicate glass, said automotive glass panel having: A thickness between 1.1mm and 5.4mm; and A two-dimensional region, used to assign a sensor to the two-dimensional region; in, The tilt angle α of at least the two-dimensional region is between 35° and 65° relative to the upward direction S perpendicular to the vehicle's main direction of movement V; Specifically, for vehicles used in harsh operating environments, where more than 50% of the particles originate from areas higher than the borosilicate glass plate, and relative to the vehicle's primary direction of movement V... Impact at an average angle of 1 The tilt angle α of at least the two-dimensional region assigned to the sensor is between 35° and the upward direction S perpendicular to the main direction of movement V of the vehicle. Within the range of 1 and 65°; and More than 50% of the particles originate from a region lower than the borosilicate glass plate and relative to the vehicle's main direction of movement. When impacted at an average angle of 2, The tilt angle α of at least the two-dimensional region assigned to the sensor, relative to the upward direction S perpendicular to the main direction of movement V of the vehicle, is between 35° and 60°. Within the range of 2.

2. The automotive glass panel comprising borosilicate glass according to claim 1, wherein the automotive glass panel is a glass panel for motor vehicles.

3. The automotive glass panel comprising borosilicate glass according to claim 1, wherein the automotive glass panel comprises a borosilicate glass panel manufactured by a float glass process.

4. The automotive glass panel comprising borosilicate glass according to claim 1, wherein the sensor is an optical sensor.

5. The automotive glass panel comprising borosilicate glass according to claim 1, wherein the sensor is an imaging optical sensor.

6. The automotive glass panel comprising borosilicate glass according to claim 1, wherein, The tilt angle α of at least the two-dimensional region is in the range between 35° and 65°, which is vertically upward relative to the vehicle's main direction of movement V.

7. The automotive glass panel comprising borosilicate glass according to claim 1, wherein, The tilt angle α of at least the two-dimensional region is in the range between 40° and 60°, which is perpendicular to the direction S that is vertically upward relative to the vehicle's main direction of movement V.

8. The automotive glass panel comprising borosilicate glass according to claim 1, wherein the vehicle is a vehicle exposed to increased particulate load.

9. The automotive glass panel comprising borosilicate glass according to claim 1, wherein, The tilt angle α of at least the two-dimensional region assigned to the sensor is between 35° and 35°, which is vertically upward relative to the vehicle's main direction of movement V. Within the range of 1 and 65°.

10. The automotive glass panel comprising borosilicate glass according to claim 1, wherein, The tilt angle α of at least the two-dimensional region assigned to the sensor is between 35° and 60°, which is vertically upward relative to the vehicle's main direction of movement V. Within the range of 2.

11. The automotive glass panel comprising borosilicate glass according to claim 1, wherein the automotive glass panel has curvature in at least some regions thereof.

12. The automotive glass panel comprising borosilicate glass according to claim 11, wherein, The tangents T1 and T2 on the surface of the borosilicate glass plate within the two-dimensional region assigned to the sensor have tilt angles α1 and α2 that are between 35° and 60° relative to the upward direction S perpendicular to the main direction of movement V of the vehicle.

13. The automotive glass panel comprising borosilicate glass according to claim 12, wherein, The tangents T1 and T2 on the surface of the borosilicate glass plate within the two-dimensional region assigned to the sensor have tilt angles α1 and α2 that are in the range between 35° and 60°, with respect to the vehicle’s main direction of movement V, which is vertically upward.

14. The automotive glass panel comprising borosilicate glass according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein, The two-dimensional region assigned to the sensor is located within the upper third of the borosilicate glass plate defined in its mounting position.

15. The automotive glass panel comprising borosilicate glass according to claim 14, wherein, The two-dimensional region allocated to the sensor is located within the upper fifth of the borosilicate glass plate defined in its mounting position.

16. The automotive glass panel comprising borosilicate glass according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein, The borosilicate glass plate is heat-tempered.

17. The automotive glass panel comprising borosilicate glass according to claim 16, wherein, The borosilicate glass plate has near-surface compressive stress between 100 MPa and 300 MPa.

18. The automotive glass panel comprising borosilicate glass according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein, The borosilicate glass plate is chemically tempered.

19. The automotive glass panel comprising borosilicate glass according to claim 18, wherein, The borosilicate glass plate has a near-surface compressive stress CS ranging from 100 MPa to 300 MPa.

20. The automotive glass panel comprising borosilicate glass according to claim 18, wherein, The borosilicate glass plate has a compressive stress zone depth DoL ranging from 25µm to 50µm.

21. The automotive glass panel comprising borosilicate glass according to any one of claims 1 to 13, comprising a component having the following components by weight percent: 。 22. The automotive glass panel comprising borosilicate glass according to any one of claims 1 to 13, comprising a component having the following components in weight percent: 。 23. The automotive glass panel comprising borosilicate glass according to any one of claims 1 to 13, comprising a component having the following components in mol% terms: Among them, the following conditions must be met: 。 24. The automotive glass panel comprising borosilicate glass according to claim 23, wherein the following condition is met: 。 25. The automotive glass panel comprising borosilicate glass according to claim 23, wherein the following condition is met: 。 26. The automotive glass panel comprising borosilicate glass according to claim 23, wherein the following condition is satisfied: 。 27. The automotive glass panel comprising borosilicate glass according to any one of claims 1 to 13, comprising a component having the following components in mol% terms: Among them, the following conditions must be met: 。 28. The automotive glass panel comprising borosilicate glass according to claim 27, wherein the following condition is met: 。 29. The automotive glass panel comprising borosilicate glass according to claim 27, wherein the following condition is met: 。 30. The automotive glass panel comprising borosilicate glass according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the borosilicate glass comprises a component having the following components in weight percent: 。 31. The automotive glass panel comprising borosilicate glass according to any one of claims 1 to 13, comprising a component having the following components in mol% terms: Among them, the following conditions must be met: 。 32. The automotive glass panel comprising borosilicate glass according to claim 31, wherein the following condition is met: 。 33. The automotive glass panel comprising borosilicate glass according to claim 31, wherein the following condition is met: 。 34. The automotive glass panel comprising borosilicate glass according to claim 31, wherein the following condition is met: 。 35. The automotive glass panel comprising borosilicate glass according to any one of claims 1 to 13, comprising a component having the following components in mol% terms: Among them, the following conditions must be met: 。 36. The automotive glass panel comprising borosilicate glass according to claim 35, wherein the following condition is satisfied: 。 37. The automotive glass panel comprising borosilicate glass according to claim 35, wherein the following condition is met: 。 38. The automotive glass panel comprising borosilicate glass according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein, The automotive glass panel includes a sensor arranged in the two-dimensional region assigned to the sensor.

39. The automotive glass panel comprising borosilicate glass according to claim 38, wherein, The sensor is a brightness detection sensor, an imaging sensor, or a rain sensor.

40. A laminate comprising: At least one float glass plate for automotive use, the float glass plate for automotive use comprising borosilicate glass according to any one of claims 1 to 39, wherein the thickness of the automotive glass plate is between 1.1 mm and 5.4 mm; at least one other glass plate; and at least one polymer interlayer.

41. The laminate of claim 40, wherein the laminate includes a sensor disposed between the borosilicate glass plate and the other glass plate.

42. The laminate of claim 41, wherein the sensor is an optical sensor and the sensor is disposed between the borosilicate glass plate and the other glass plate.

43. The laminate of claim 41, wherein the sensor is disposed within or near the polymer interlayer located between the borosilicate glass plate and the other glass plate.

44. The laminate according to any one of claims 40 to 43, wherein the sensor is arranged in the two-dimensional region assigned to the sensor.

45. The laminate according to claim 44, wherein the sensor is a brightness detection sensor, an imaging sensor, or a rain sensor.

46. ​​A vehicle glass assembly comprising a laminate according to any one of claims 40 to 45, wherein, The borosilicate glass plate is disposed at least in front of the two-dimensional region, which has sensors assigned to it.

47. The vehicle glass assembly of claim 46, wherein the sensor is an optical sensor.

48. The vehicle glass assembly of claim 47, wherein the sensor is an imaging optical sensor.

49. The vehicle glass assembly of claim 46, wherein at least one polymer interlayer in the laminate is colored.

50. The vehicle glass assembly according to any one of claims 46 to 49, wherein the vehicle glass assembly includes a sensor, wherein the sensor is arranged in the two-dimensional region assigned to the sensor.

51. The vehicle glass assembly of claim 50, wherein the sensor is an optical sensor.

52. The vehicle glass assembly of claim 51, wherein the sensor is a brightness detection sensor, an imaging sensor, or a rain sensor.

53. A motor vehicle, comprising: The vehicle glass panel comprising borosilicate glass according to any one of claims 1 to 39, or the laminate according to any one of claims 40 to 45, or the vehicle glass assembly according to any one of claims 46 to 52, installed thereon.

54. The motor vehicle according to claim 53, wherein, The vehicle glass panel mentioned is a windshield.

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