A harmless treatment equipment for kitchen waste

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of kitchen waste harmless treatment equipment.Most of kitchen waste is rich in organic matter, which contains a large amount of energy, if kitchen waste is simply filled in landfill, resulting in waste.The present application includes rack, characterized in that the rack is provided with crushing unit, biological fermentation unit and waste gas treatment unit, the biological fermentation unit includes fermentation bin, the crushing unit is connected to fermentation bin, and fermentation bin is connected to waste gas treatment unit, the fermentation bin is divided into upper, middle and lower three layers, heating device is arranged in each layer of fermentation bin and the temperature of each layer of fermentation bin can be controlled separately, and the garbage in upper layer of fermentation bin falls into lower layer of fermentation bin in turn.The present application can reduce the pollution of kitchen waste to ecological environment, realize the resource recovery of kitchen waste, shorten the processing time, reduce the land occupation area, reduce the transportation cost, and especially perfectly solve the harmless treatment of kitchen waste on ship.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a device for the harmless treatment of kitchen waste. Background Technology

[0002] Food waste is the most common type of waste generated in daily urban life. It belongs to municipal solid waste and its main components include starchy foods, plant fibers, animal protein, and fats. It is characterized by high water content, high oil and salt content, easy rotting and foul odor, and difficulty in transportation by ordinary garbage trucks. If this type of waste is not properly sorted and treated, it will cause significant harm to the environment.

[0003] However, most food waste is produced from processed animal and plant materials, which are rich in organic matter. Organic matter contains a lot of energy. If food waste is simply buried in landfills, this energy will be wasted.

[0004] Furthermore, landfilling is impractical for ships that operate at sea for extended periods. Therefore, the disposal of shipboard food waste is essential for effectively protecting the marine environment. With rapid economic development, the demand for energy, especially green and renewable energy, is becoming increasingly urgent. Efficiently and rationally reusing the energy contained within waste will partially meet this energy demand. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention addresses the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a harmless treatment device for kitchen waste, which can reduce the pollution of kitchen waste to the ecological environment and realize the resource recycling of kitchen waste.

[0006] Therefore, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a harmless treatment device for kitchen waste, including a frame, characterized in that a crushing unit, a biological fermentation unit and a waste gas treatment unit are arranged on the frame, the biological fermentation unit includes a fermentation chamber, the crushing unit is connected to the fermentation chamber, the fermentation chamber is connected to the waste gas treatment unit, the fermentation chamber is divided into three layers: upper, middle and lower, each fermentation chamber is equipped with a heating device and can independently control the temperature of each fermentation chamber, and the waste in the upper fermentation chamber falls into the lower fermentation chamber in sequence.

[0007] Preferably, the fermentation chamber is provided with a drive shaft driven by a motor at its center, and three layers of stirring arms are provided on the drive shaft, with each layer of stirring arms extending into the fermentation chamber of the same layer.

[0008] Preferably, the heating device includes a heating chamber located at the bottom of each fermentation chamber, with multiple heating pipes laid inside the heating chamber, the heating pipes connected to a temperature control device, and heat transfer oil poured into the heating chamber.

[0009] Preferably, a heating fan is also provided on one side of the bottom fermentation chamber, and a sorting platform is provided on the upper part of the crushing unit.

[0010] Preferably, the crushing unit includes a central rotating shaft, on which a first cutter disc is mounted. Multiple crushing blades are arranged along the outer circumference of the first cutter disc. Above the first cutter disc, multiple transverse cutters are evenly arranged along the circumference in a stepped manner. Above the transverse cutters, a central blade is also mounted. The central blade has a triangular blade surface with blade edges on both sides.

[0011] Preferably, a heavy hammer crushing mechanism is provided at the lower part of the first cutter disc. The heavy hammer crushing mechanism includes multiple heavy hammer blades evenly distributed along the circumference. The outer end of the heavy hammer blades has an arc-shaped structure, and gears are formed on the arc-shaped structure.

[0012] Preferably, the central rotating shaft is provided with mounting end caps at the upper and lower parts, and four vertical shafts are provided on the mounting end caps that rotate with the central rotating shaft. There are four cross-cutting blades, which are movably mounted on the corresponding vertical shafts. There are four heavy-duty hammer blades, which are fixedly mounted on the vertical shafts, evenly spaced, and at least two adjacent heavy-duty hammer blades are staggered vertically.

[0013] Preferably, the length of the cross-cutting blade extends to the outer ring of the first cutter disc, the axial blade is inclined with its outer end higher than its inner end, and a cutting blade is arranged between the crushing blades, the cutting blade forming sharp blades on both sides, and the cutting blade protruding from the first cutter disc.

[0014] Preferably, the cutter disc is provided with a sleeve-type outer shell, and a ring of vertical toothed grooves is formed inside the outer shell. A second cutter disc is provided at the lower part of the heavy hammer, and a plurality of crushing blades are arranged on the outer ring of the second cutter disc along the circumferential direction.

[0015] Preferably, the crushing tool includes a base, on which a blade is mounted. The blade has a V-shaped notch in the middle and two blade tips of different heights on both sides. The entire blade body has an inward concave arc facing the rotation direction of the blade disc.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. The three-layer fermentation chamber in the fermentation unit divides the fermentation process of kitchen waste into three steps, and the upper, middle and lower fermentation chambers can work simultaneously, which greatly shortens the processing time, saves time and costs and speeds up the processing.

[0017] 2. No wastewater is generated during the treatment process, avoiding secondary pollution of wastewater and greatly saving sewage treatment costs. The exhaust gas is also discharged in compliance with standards, making it suitable for local conditions and rationally laid out.

[0018] 3. Achieves maximum automation, realizing the reduction, harmlessness, and resource recovery of food waste; the process equipment layout is reasonable, aesthetically pleasing, easy to maintain, occupies a small area, and has low transportation costs. In particular, it perfectly solves the harmless treatment of food waste on board ships. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the fermentation apparatus.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the pulverizing unit of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal blade assembly structure of the crushing unit. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0024] like Figures 1-2 The illustrated kitchen waste harmless treatment equipment includes a frame 9, on which a crushing unit, a biological fermentation unit, and a waste gas treatment unit 7 are installed. The biological fermentation unit includes a fermentation chamber, the crushing unit is connected to the fermentation chamber, and the fermentation chamber is connected to the waste gas treatment unit. The fermentation chamber is divided into three layers: an upper fermentation chamber 4, a middle fermentation chamber 5, and a lower fermentation chamber 6. Each fermentation chamber is equipped with a heating device and can independently control the temperature of each fermentation chamber. The waste in the upper fermentation chamber falls sequentially into the lower fermentation chamber.

[0025] The fermentation chamber is equipped with a drive shaft driven by a motor at its center. Three layers of stirring arms 12 are mounted on the drive shaft, with each layer of stirring arms extending into the fermentation chamber at the same level.

[0026] The heating device includes a heating chamber 13 located at the bottom of each fermentation chamber. Multiple heating pipes are laid inside the heating chamber, and the heating pipes are connected to a temperature control device. The heating chamber is filled with heat transfer oil. The heating side is equipped with an inlet for filling with heat transfer oil or is connected to an oil tank through a pipe.

[0027] A heating fan 8 is also installed on one side of the bottom fermentation chamber, and a sorting platform 1 is installed on the upper part of the crushing unit.

[0028] like Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the crushing unit includes a shredding mechanism 2, a crushing mechanism 3, and a central rotating shaft 17. The shredding mechanism 2 includes a first cutter disc 14 mounted on the central rotating shaft. Multiple crushing blades 19 are mounted on the first cutter disc along its outer circumference. Multiple cross-cutting blades 15 are evenly arranged along the circumference above the first cutter disc. The multiple cross-cutting blades are arranged in a stepped manner. A central blade 16 is also mounted above the cross-cutting blades. The blade surface of the central blade is triangular, with blade edges formed on both sides.

[0029] The length of the cross-cutting blade extends to the outer ring of the first cutter disc, and the central shaft blade is inclined, with its outer end higher than its inner end.

[0030] The central rotating shaft has mounting end caps 26 at its upper and lower parts, and four vertical shafts 27 that rotate with the central rotating shaft are mounted on the mounting end caps. Four transverse cutting blades are movably mounted on their respective vertical shafts. Cutting blades 18 are positioned between the crushing blades, each forming a sharp edge on both sides and protruding from the first cutter disc.

[0031] A multi-wedge belt pulley 22 is also provided at the lower end of the central rotating shaft, and the multi-wedge belt pulley 22 is connected to the drive end through a multi-wedge belt. The crushing blade includes a base, on which a blade is provided. The blade has a V-shaped notch in the middle and two blade tips of different heights on both sides. The entire blade body forms an inward concave arc facing the rotation direction of the blade disc.

[0032] The cutter head is provided with a sleeve-type outer shell 20, and a ring of vertical toothed grooves 21 is formed inside the outer shell.

[0033] The crushing mechanism 3 includes a heavy hammer crushing mechanism located below the first cutter disc. This mechanism comprises multiple heavy hammer blades 25 evenly distributed along the circumference. The outer ends of these heavy hammer blades are arc-shaped, with gears formed on the arc-shaped structures. Four heavy hammer blades are fixedly mounted on a vertical shaft 27, evenly spaced, with at least two adjacent heavy hammer blades staggered vertically. A second cutter disc 28 is located below the heavy hammer blades, and multiple second crushing blades 24 are arranged circumferentially around its outer ring. Small hammer blades 23 are movably mounted on the first cutter disc via pins. The central rotating shaft is structured using a two-upper-two-lower configuration of four bearings, ensuring maximum axial load bearing capacity and even distribution of radial loads, thus ensuring reliability and stability during high-speed operation.

[0034] Contact-type dynamic seals are installed above and below the bearings in the crushing unit to prevent moisture from entering the bearings and affecting their usability. This type of sealing method has advantages such as good performance, small installation space, compact structure, long service life, convenient disassembly and assembly, and low cost. At the same time, it has a certain degree of adaptability to machine vibration and spindle eccentricity.

[0035] The working process of this invention is as follows: First, the garbage is initially sorted on the sorting platform, and then it enters the crushing unit. The drive motor drives the central rotating shaft of the crushing unit. The two sets of shaft blades set at the inlet rotate with the shaft. When the material enters, the speed of the shaft blades is already at the maximum cutting speed, while the initial speed of the material is zero, which can initially cut the material. After the first layer of cutting, the material begins to have an initial speed inside the crusher. It is then cut a second time by the movable cross-cutting blades set in the second layer. One end of the cross-cutting blade is fixed close to the drive shaft, and the other end is in a movable state. It forms a speed difference with the material inside the machine body to perform a second cutting. After the second cut, the material falls onto the first cutter disc, which is equipped with crushing and cutting blades. After falling onto the first cutter disc, the material is thrown to the outermost ring by centrifugal force. Under the action of the vertical grooves of the cutting blade and the sleeve shell, the material is pressed down below the first cutter disc after it reaches a size that can pass through the gap between the cutter disc and the grooves. Heavy hammer blades are arranged below to minimize the size of the material particles to the greatest extent. Then it falls onto the second cutter disc. With the "pick-up" of the small hammer blades and the pressing of the crushing blades, the material is sent out of the crusher in the smallest particle state to complete the crushing.

[0036] The crushed material enters the fermentation chamber, where the three-layer fermentation chamber processes the crushed kitchen waste in stages: the upper layer performs high-temperature dehydration, the middle layer performs biological fermentation, and the lower layer performs both fermentation and drying.

[0037] The waste gas treatment equipment renders the waste gas generated in the fermentation chamber harmless, thereby producing recyclable bio-organic fertilizer, reducing the pollution of kitchen waste to the ecological environment, and realizing the resource utilization of kitchen waste.

[0038] The processing equipment of this invention features a simple and clear process route, enabling maximum automation; it achieves the reduction, harmlessness, and resource recovery of food waste; the equipment layout is reasonable and aesthetically pleasing; advanced, reasonable, and reliable processing technology is selected, ensuring convenient management and maintenance, small footprint, and low transportation costs; the equipment does not generate any wastewater during processing, avoiding secondary pollution and significantly reducing wastewater treatment expenses; exhaust gas emissions also meet standards; the equipment is rationally laid out according to local conditions; the fermentation unit has three layers (upper, middle, and lower) that divide the food waste fermentation process into steps, and the three fermentation chambers can operate simultaneously, greatly shortening processing time, saving time and costs, and accelerating processing speed. It also perfectly solves the problem of harmless treatment of food waste on board ships.

[0039] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed invention.

Claims

1. A device for harmless treatment of kitchen waste, comprising a frame (9), characterized in that... The frame is equipped with a crushing unit, a biological fermentation unit and a waste gas treatment unit (7). The biological fermentation unit includes a fermentation chamber. The crushing unit is connected to the fermentation chamber and the fermentation chamber is connected to the waste gas treatment unit. The fermentation chamber is divided into three layers: upper, middle and lower. Each fermentation chamber is equipped with a heating device and can control the temperature of each fermentation chamber independently. The waste in the upper fermentation chamber falls into the lower fermentation chamber in sequence. The center of the fermentation chamber is provided with a drive shaft driven by a motor, and three layers of stirring arms (12) are provided on the drive shaft, with each layer of stirring arms extending into the fermentation chamber of the same layer. The heating device includes a heating chamber (13) set at the bottom of each fermentation chamber, with multiple heating pipes laid inside the heating chamber, the heating pipes connected to a temperature control device, and heat transfer oil poured into the heating chamber; A heating fan (8) is also installed on one side of the bottom fermentation chamber, and a sorting platform (1) is installed on the upper part of the crushing unit. The crushing unit includes a central rotating shaft (17), a first cutter disc (14) is provided on the central rotating shaft, a plurality of crushing blades (19) are provided on the first cutter disc along its outer circumference, a plurality of transverse cutting blades (15) are provided above the first cutter disc along the circumference, the plurality of transverse cutting blades are arranged in a stepped manner, and a spindle blade (16) is also provided above the transverse cutting blades, the blade surface of the spindle blade is triangular, and the two sides form blade edges; The lower part of the first cutter disc is provided with a heavy hammer crushing mechanism, which includes multiple heavy hammer blades (25) evenly distributed along the circumference. The outer end of the heavy hammer blades has an arc-shaped structure, and gears are formed on the arc-shaped structure. The central rotating shaft is provided with mounting end caps at the upper and lower parts respectively. The mounting end caps are provided with four vertical shafts (27) that rotate with the central rotating shaft. There are four cross-cutting blades, which are movably set on the corresponding vertical shafts. There are four heavy hammer blades, which are fixedly installed on the vertical shafts respectively. They are evenly spaced and at least two adjacent heavy hammer blades are staggered vertically. The length of the cross-cutting blade extends to the outer ring of the first cutter disc. The axial blade is inclined, with its outer end higher than its inner end. A cutting blade is arranged between the crushing blades. The cutting blade forms sharp blades on both sides and protrudes from the first cutter disc. The outer side of the cutter disc is provided with a sleeve-type outer shell, and a ring of vertical toothed grooves is formed inside the outer shell. The lower part of the heavy hammer is provided with a second cutter disc (28), and the outer ring of the second cutter disc is provided with multiple crushing blades along the circumferential direction. The crushing tool includes a base, on which a blade is mounted. The blade has a V-shaped notch in the middle and two blade tips of different heights on both sides. The entire blade body has an inward concave arc facing the rotation direction of the blade disc.

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