Photovoltaic module heat sink

Abstract

Photovoltaic module heat sinks belong to the technical field of snow melting in solar power stations, and particularly to a photovoltaic module heat sink. The present invention provides a photovoltaic module heat sink with good use effect. The present invention includes a transverse strip rectangular plate, which is characterized in that a plurality of vertical strip rectangular plates are evenly distributed along the length direction of the transverse strip rectangular plate, the front vertical side of the front vertical strip rectangular plate is the front side of the heat sink, and the rear vertical side of the rear vertical strip rectangular plate is the rear side of the heat sink; the center line along the length direction of the transverse strip rectangular plate passes through the center of the vertical strip rectangular plate; a transverse strip electric heating belt is arranged on the heat sink, the center line of the length direction of the transverse strip electric heating belt coincides with the center line of the length direction of the transverse strip rectangular plate, the front end of the transverse strip electric heating belt is flush with the front end of the heat sink, and the rear end of the transverse strip electric heating belt is flush with the rear end of the heat sink.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of snow melting in solar power stations, and in particular relates to a photovoltaic module heat sink. Background Art

[0002] In mid- and high-latitude regions, snow in winter will cover the surface of photovoltaic modules, significantly reducing the power generation of photovoltaic power stations. If the snow on the surface of photovoltaic modules is melted, the power generation of photovoltaic power stations can be effectively increased, but the current snow melting technology for photovoltaic power stations needs further improvement.

[0003] The present invention aims at solving the above problems and provides a photovoltaic module heat sink with good use effect.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme, which includes a transverse strip rectangular plate, characterized in that a plurality of vertical strip rectangular plates are evenly distributed along the length direction of the transverse strip rectangular plate, the front vertical side of the front vertical strip rectangular plate is the front side of the heat sink, and the rear vertical side of the rear vertical strip rectangular plate is the rear side of the heat sink; the center line along the length direction of the transverse strip rectangular plate passes through the center of the vertical strip rectangular plate; a transverse strip electric heating tape is arranged on the heat sink, the center line of the length direction of the transverse strip electric heating tape coincides with the center line of the length direction of the transverse strip rectangular plate, the front end of the transverse strip electric heating tape is flush with the front end of the heat sink, and the rear end of the transverse strip electric heating tape is flush with the rear end of the heat sink.

[0005] As a preferred solution, the number of the vertical strip rectangular plates of the present invention is four.

[0006] As another preferred embodiment, the width of the transverse strip electric heating tape of the present invention is smaller than the width of the transverse strip rectangular plate.

[0007] As another preferred embodiment, the heat sink described in the present invention is multiple and evenly distributed along the length direction of the photovoltaic module; the length direction of the heat sink is perpendicular to the length direction of the photovoltaic module; the front end of each heat sink is in the same vertical direction; in the horizontal direction, the heat sink is centered on the back of the photovoltaic module.

[0008] As another preferred solution, the number of heat sinks in the present invention is six.

[0009] As another preferred solution, the detection points are located between adjacent heat sinks of the present invention.

[0010] As another preferred solution, in the present invention, the center of a rectangular area surrounded by four adjacent vertical strip-shaped rectangular plates is a detection point.

[0011] As another preferred solution, in the present invention, m is the length of the photovoltaic module (unit: mm), n is the width of the photovoltaic module (unit: mm), k is the lateral spacing of the detection points (unit: mm), p is the longitudinal spacing of the detection points (unit: mm), q is the longitudinal spacing of the heating tape (unit: mm), a is the width of the heat sink (unit: mm), e is the length of the heat sink (unit: mm), b is the width of the vertical strip-shaped rectangular plate (unit: mm), and c is the width of the horizontal strip-shaped rectangular plate (unit: mm);

[0012] 0.8n ≤ e < n, 60mm ≤ b ≤ 100mm, 60mm ≤ c ≤ 100mm, 250mm ≤ a < p, k = n / (x + 1), p = m / (y + 1), q = p, and the length of the electric heating tape is equal to the length e of the heat sink; the distance between the left edge of the photovoltaic module and the left edge of the heat sink is (n - e) / 2, and the distance between the right edge of the photovoltaic module and the right edge of the heat sink is also (n - e) / 2; the thickness of the heat sink is between 0.8mm and 1.5mm.

[0013] As another preferred solution, in the present invention, the power supply control circuits of the heating tapes installed on each photovoltaic module are independent of each other.

[0014] Secondly, in the present invention, the length of the photovoltaic module is 2094mm and the width is 1038mm.

[0015] In addition, the heat sink in the present invention is an aluminum heat sink.

[0016] Advantages of the present invention.

[0017] In the present invention, by using the designed horizontal "king" - shaped heat sink, the heat energy emitted by the electric heating tape is effectively conducted to the photovoltaic module, making the snow melting speed of each part on the surface of the photovoltaic module more uniform. In addition, compared with fully covering the back panel of the photovoltaic module with heat sinks, the designed horizontal "king" - shaped heat sink can greatly reduce the consumption of heat sink materials and significantly reduce costs. Description of the Drawings

[0018] The following further describes the present invention in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments. The protection scope of the present invention is not limited only to the表述 of the following content.

[0019] Figure 1 Design drawing of the horizontal "king" - shaped heat sink installed on the back of the photovoltaic module.

[0020] Figure 2 Position diagram of the snow depth detection points of a certain photovoltaic module (all numerical units in the figure are mm).

[0021] Figure 3 Dimension diagram of the heat sink (all numerical units in the figure are mm).

[0022] Figure 4 Diagram of the installation position of the heat sink on the back of the photovoltaic module (all values ​​in the figure are in mm).

[0023] Figure 5 Schematic side view of the snow depth detection sensor and photovoltaic module.

[0024] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the top view of the snow depth detection sensor and photovoltaic module.

[0025] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the photovoltaic panel snow melting controller.

[0026] Figure 8 Control program flow chart.

[0027] Fig. 9 Specific circuit schematic diagram a of the present invention.

[0028] Fig.10 Specific circuit schematic diagram b of the present invention.

[0029] Fig.11 Specific circuit schematic diagram c of the present invention.

[0030] Fig.12 Specific circuit schematic diagram d of the present invention.

[0031] Fig.13 Specific circuit schematic diagram e of the present invention.

[0032] Fig.14 The specific circuit principle diagram f of the present invention.

[0033] Fig.15 Specific circuit schematic diagram of the present invention g. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] As shown in the figure, the present invention includes a transverse strip rectangular plate, and a plurality of vertical strip rectangular plates are evenly distributed along the length direction of the transverse strip rectangular plate, the front vertical side of the front vertical strip rectangular plate is the front side of the heat sink, and the rear vertical side of the rear vertical strip rectangular plate is the rear side of the heat sink; the center line along the length direction of the transverse strip rectangular plate passes through the center of the vertical strip rectangular plate; a transverse strip electric heating belt is arranged on the heat sink, the center line of the length direction of the transverse strip electric heating belt coincides with the center line of the length direction of the transverse strip rectangular plate, the front end of the transverse strip electric heating belt is flush with the front end of the heat sink, and the rear end of the transverse strip electric heating belt is flush with the rear end of the heat sink.

[0035] There are four vertical strip-shaped rectangular plates.

[0036] The width of the transverse strip electric heating tape is smaller than the width of the transverse strip rectangular plate.

[0037] There are multiple heat sinks, which are evenly distributed along the length direction of the photovoltaic module; the length direction of the heat sink is perpendicular to the length direction of the photovoltaic module; the front ends of the heat sinks are in the same vertical direction; in the horizontal direction, the heat sinks are centered at the back of the photovoltaic module.

[0038] There are six heat sinks.

[0039] The detection points are located between adjacent heat sinks.

[0040] The center of the rectangular area enclosed by every four adjacent vertical strip-shaped rectangular plates is a detection point.

[0041] Select x×y detection points on the backplane of the photovoltaic module at uniform intervals, where x is the number of horizontal detection points and y is the number of vertical detection points. Design a horizontal "king" - shaped heat sink to surround each detection point, as Figure 1 shown. Install 1 electric tracing band at the center line position of each heat sink, and the horizontal center line of the heat sink coincides with the horizontal center line of the electric tracing band.

[0042] m is the length of the photovoltaic module (unit: mm), n is the width of the photovoltaic module (unit: mm), k is the horizontal spacing of the detection points (unit: mm), p is the vertical spacing of the detection points (unit: mm), q is the longitudinal spacing of the tracing bands (unit: mm), a is the width of the heat sink (unit: mm), e is the length of the heat sink (unit: mm), b is the width of the vertical strip - shaped rectangular plate (unit: mm), c is the width of the horizontal strip - shaped rectangular plate (unit: mm);

[0043] 0.8n≦e < n, 60mm≦b≦100mm, 60mm≦c≦100mm, 250mm≦a < p, k = n / (x + 1), p = m / (y + 1), q = p, the length of the electric tracing band is equal to the length e of the heat sink; in the horizontal direction, the heat sink is centered at the back of the photovoltaic module, the distance between the left edge of the photovoltaic module and the left edge of the heat sink is (n - e) / 2, and the distance between the right edge of the photovoltaic module and the right edge of the heat sink is also (n - e) / 2; the thickness of the heat sink is between 0.8mm and 1.5mm.

[0044] The power supply control circuits of the electric tracing bands installed on each photovoltaic module are independent of each other. When there is snow on the surface of the photovoltaic module, instead of starting all the electric tracing bands to melt the snow, only the upper and lower two adjacent electric tracing bands at the position of the detection point where snow is identified are powered for heating, so as to achieve heating only at the snow - covered parts and not heating at the snow - free parts, which can greatly save electric energy and reduce the snow - melting cost.

[0045] The length of the photovoltaic module is 2094mm and the width is 1038mm.

[0046] The heat sink is made of aluminum.

[0047] Take the YL450D-40d1 / 2 photovoltaic module produced by Yingli Energy (China) Co., Ltd. as an example. The length of the module is 2094mm and the width is 1038mm. 15 test points (5 rows × 3 columns) are selected at uniform intervals on the back of the photovoltaic module. Figure 2 Design a horizontal "W"-shaped aluminum heat sink, the size of the heat sink is as follows Figure 3 As shown, these 15 points are surrounded, and each photovoltaic module uses a total of 6 heat sinks. Install an electric heating cable at the center line of each heat sink. The installation position is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the solar panel uses a total of 6 electric heating cables. Taking this model of photovoltaic module as an example, if the back is completely covered with aluminum heat sinks, the thickness of the heat sink is 1mm, and the aluminum density is 2700kg / m 3 According to calculation, the aluminum material required is 5.8686444 kg. If the designed horizontal "W"-shaped aluminum heat sink is used, the aluminum material required is 2.356776 kg, which is 40.16% of the aluminum material required for the back plate to be covered with heat sinks.

[0048] The heat sink designed by the present invention can detect the snow depth at the detection point. The snow depth detection method at the detection point of the photovoltaic module is as follows:

[0049] The snow depth detection sensor is installed on a CNC electric pan-tilt platform, which is used to control the snow depth detection sensor to rotate horizontally and in pitch. The pan-tilt platform is fixed on a column perpendicular to the horizontal plane. The column is installed in the direction of the extension line of the center line of the No. 1 photovoltaic module. f is the distance between the column and PV module No. 1 in the direction of the center line of PV module No. 1 (unit: mm), h is the height on the column from the horizontal plane where the front edge of PV module No. 1 is located to the horizontal plane where the snow depth detection sensor is located (unit: mm), m is the length of the PV module (unit: mm), n is the width of the PV module (unit: mm), j is the spacing of the PV modules (unit: mm), β is the horizontal rotation angle of the snow depth detection sensor probe (unit: °), d1 is the snow depth detected in the direction indicated by the snow depth detection sensor (unit: mm), d2 is the snow depth projected from d1 to the direction of the center line of the PV module (unit: mm), d is the snow depth projected from d2 to the normal direction of the PV module (unit: mm), θ is the angle between the PV module and the horizontal plane (unit: °), and δ is the pitch rotation angle of the snow depth detection sensor probe (unit: °).

[0050] In order to obtain the snow depth value d at a certain detection point of the photovoltaic module, it is first necessary to calculate the horizontal rotation angle β and the pitch rotation angle δ when the snow depth detection sensor points to the detection point, and then control the CNC electric pan / tilt to rotate the snow depth detection sensor to this angle, and then the snow depth detection sensor performs snow depth detection. Finally, the snow depth d1 detected by the snow depth detection sensor in this direction is converted into the snow depth d in the normal direction of the photovoltaic module through an algorithm (the algorithm below). Figure 6 Taking five typical points as an example (the algorithm for the snow depth at other points can be obtained with reference to the algorithm for the snow depth at these five typical points), the snow depth calculation method is as follows.

[0051] (1) Algorithm for calculating snow depth at detection point 1

[0052] First, calculate the pitch rotation angle δ and horizontal rotation angle β required for the CNC electric gimbal, as follows.

[0053] Depend on have to

[0054] Depend on have to

[0055] Then, the snow depth d1 detected by the snow depth detection sensor in the direction pointed by the CNC electric pan / tilt is converted into the snow depth d in the normal direction of the photovoltaic module, and the calculation is as follows.

[0056] Depend on So d2=d1×cosβ

[0057] Depend on Obtain d=d2×sin(θ+δ)=d1×cosβ×sin(θ+δ)

[0058] (2) Algorithm for calculating snow depth at detection point 2

[0059] The detection point No. 2 is located on the center line of the No. 1 photovoltaic module, so the horizontal rotation angle β is 0°, d1 = d2. The angle δ required for the CNC electric pan / tilt rotation is calculated as follows.

[0060] Depend on have to

[0061] The snow depth d1 detected by the snow depth detection sensor in the direction pointed by the CNC electric pan / tilt head is converted into the snow depth d in the normal direction of the photovoltaic module, and the calculation is as follows.

[0062] Depend on And d1=d2, we get d=d1×sin(θ+δ)

[0063] (3) Algorithm for calculating snow depth at detection point 3

[0064] First, calculate the pitch rotation angle δ and horizontal rotation angle β required for the CNC electric gimbal, as follows.

[0065] Depend on have to

[0066] Depend on have to

[0067] Then, the snow depth d1 detected by the snow depth detection sensor in the direction pointed by the CNC electric pan / tilt is converted into the snow depth d in the normal direction of the photovoltaic module, and the calculation is as follows.

[0068] Depend on So d2=d1×cosβ

[0069] Depend on Obtain d=d2×sin(θ+δ)=d1×cosβ×sin(θ+δ)

[0070] (4) Algorithm for calculating snow depth at detection point 4

[0071] The detection point 4 is located on the PV module 2, so the calculation needs to include the physical quantity j of the PV module spacing. First, calculate the angle δ of the CNC electric pan / tilt rotation and the angle β of the horizontal rotation, as follows.

[0072] Depend on have to

[0073] Depend on have to

[0074] Then, the snow depth d1 detected by the snow depth detection sensor in the direction pointed by the CNC electric pan / tilt is converted into the snow depth d in the normal direction of the photovoltaic module, and the calculation is as follows.

[0075] Depend on So d2=d1×cosβ

[0076] Depend on Obtain d=d2×sin(θ+δ)=d1×cosβ×sin(θ+δ)

[0077] (5) Algorithm for calculating snow depth at detection point 5

[0078] First, calculate the pitch rotation angle δ and horizontal rotation angle β required for the CNC electric gimbal, as follows.

[0079] Depend on have to

[0080] Depend on have to

[0081] Then, the snow depth d1 detected by the snow depth detection sensor in the direction pointed by the CNC electric pan / tilt is converted into the snow depth d in the normal direction of the photovoltaic module, and the calculation is as follows.

[0082] Depend on So d2=d1×cosβ

[0083] Depend on Obtain d=d2×sin(θ+δ)=d1×cosβ×sin(θ+δ).

[0084] The method for calculating the theoretical output power of the photovoltaic module of the present invention and the method for judging when to start snow melting are as follows:

[0085] 1) Calculation method of theoretical output power of photovoltaic modules

[0086] The present invention provides a method for calculating the theoretical output power value of a photovoltaic module, and obtains the theoretical output power value of the photovoltaic module by calculating parameters such as actual irradiation intensity, photovoltaic module backplane temperature, and the number of years the photovoltaic module has been in operation.

[0087] The calculation process is as follows, where P th is the theoretical output power of the photovoltaic module (unit W), P stc is the rated power of the photovoltaic module under standard test conditions, R ac is the real-time irradiance intensity on the surface of the photovoltaic module (unit: W / m 2 ), R stc is the radiation intensity under standard test conditions (unit: W / m 2 ), T b is the back panel temperature of the photovoltaic module (unit: °C), T stc is the battery temperature of the module under the standard test environment (unit: °C), γ is the power temperature coefficient of the photovoltaic module (unit: % / °C, γ is a negative number), Y is the number of years the photovoltaic module has been in operation (the number of days the photovoltaic module has been in operation is divided by 365, and the result is accurate to 3 decimal places), A1 is the power attenuation rate of the photovoltaic module in the first year of operation (unit: %), A V K is the annual power linear attenuation rate of the photovoltaic module after the first year (unit %), d is the dust impact coefficient on the component surface.

[0088] When Y≦1,

[0089] When Y>1,

[0090] In the formula, K d The specific value needs to be at 12 noon every day and the irradiance Rac >500W / m 2 Under the condition of d The real-time value of K d The real-time value is used as the time from this moment to the next time the above calculation conditions are met (12 noon and the radiation intensity R ac >500W / m 2 ) between the moments in the above calculation P th K used in the formula d The next time the above calculation conditions are met (12 noon and the irradiance R ac >500W / m 2 ), recalculate K according to the following formula d The real-time value of K d The value replaces the K calculated last time d Value calculation P th .

[0091] When Y≦1,

[0092] When Y>1,

[0093] Where P ac is the real-time output power of the photovoltaic module (in W), R stc =1000W / m 2 , T stc =25℃,P stc ,γ,A1,A V Specific parameter values ​​are provided by PV module manufacturers based on different models of PV modules.

[0094] Compared with the existing calculation method of theoretical output power of photovoltaic modules, this calculation method is different in that:

[0095] (1) Previous algorithms multiplied a fixed power attenuation coefficient with time when calculating the attenuation characteristics of photovoltaic modules over time. This algorithm takes into account the completely different attenuation characteristics of photovoltaic module output power over time in the first year and after the second year. The power attenuation in the first year is large, and the power attenuation in the second year and subsequent years is small and linear, so this algorithm calculates the theoretical output power in the first year and after the second year separately. In the first year of the module's use, the power attenuation proportional coefficient caused by time is (1-Y×A1); in the second year of the module's use and subsequent years, the power attenuation proportional coefficient caused by time is [1-A1-(Y-1)×A v ]. The theoretical output power value of the photovoltaic module calculated in this way is more accurate than that of previous algorithms.

[0096] (2) Because photovoltaic power stations are affected by factors such as the installation angle of photovoltaic modules, fine particles of soil and sand brought by wind, whether there are factories emitting smoke and dust in the surrounding area, whether there is rain erosion, and whether there are measures to regularly remove dust from photovoltaic modules, the thickness of dust on the surface of photovoltaic modules and its impact on the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic modules are variable, so the dust influence coefficient of the module surface is variable.

[0097] In the previous algorithm, when calculating the theoretical output power of photovoltaic modules, the surface dust influence coefficient multiplied in the calculation is a fixed value (the fixed value usually selected in the calculation is between 97% and 85%), without considering the dynamic change of the component surface dust influence coefficient, which reduces the accuracy of the calculated theoretical output power value of photovoltaic modules. This patent proposes a calculation method that meets certain conditions (12 noon and the irradiation intensity R ac >500W / m 2 ) under the condition that the real-time output power P of the photovoltaic module ac , the number of years the photovoltaic module has been in operation Y, the real-time irradiation intensity on the surface of the photovoltaic module R ac The real-time surface dust influence coefficient K is calculated by using the following parameters: d , and K d The value is dynamically updated with the newly calculated K d The value replaces the K calculated last time d value, so that the theoretical output power value of the photovoltaic module can be calculated more accurately.

[0098] 2) How to judge when to start snow melting

[0099] The snow melting system needs to determine two prerequisites before starting the snow melting function: first, whether the surface of the photovoltaic module is covered with snow. Second, whether the snowfall has ended. The snow melting function can only be started when both conditions are met.

[0100] If the snow melting function is activated when there is no snow covering the surface, the snow melting system will run idle, which consumes electricity and reduces the life of equipment such as CNC electric pan / tilt. If the snow melting function is activated before the snowing ends, the power consumption of the heating cable will increase significantly, because during the snowing process, the snow on the surface of the module may slide off the surface of the module when it reaches a certain thickness (when the PV module is installed at a non-0 degree inclination angle) or part of the snow may be blown off by natural wind. Therefore, when the snowing ends completely and the amount of snow on the surface of the PV module remains constant, the power consumption of snow melting is the least.

[0101] The invention provides a safe, reliable, energy-saving and highly intelligent automatic snow-melting system for a photovoltaic power station.

[0102] The present invention adopts the following method to confirm the realization of the above two prerequisites, and on this basis determines whether to start melting snow on the components.

[0103] (1) How to determine whether the surface of a photovoltaic module is covered with snow

[0104] If the surface of the PV module is covered with snow, its actual output power will be significantly lower than the theoretical output power. The difference between the two powers can be used to determine whether the surface of the PV module is covered with snow. The specific method is as follows.

[0105] Calculate the difference P between the theoretical output power and the actual output power of the photovoltaic module dif (Unit: W).

[0106] P dif =P th -P ac

[0107] The theoretical output power of the photovoltaic module is P th The calculation method of is as mentioned above, the real-time output power P of the photovoltaic module ac The calculation formula (unit W) is as follows.

[0108] P ac =U×I

[0109] Where U is the output voltage of the photovoltaic module (unit V), and I is the output current of the photovoltaic module (unit A).

[0110] Set the power threshold P d (unit W), where P d =0.3×P th If P dif >P d , it can be determined that the surface of the photovoltaic module is covered with snow.

[0111] (2) How to determine whether the snow has ended

[0112] Whether the snow has ended needs to be judged based on whether the snow depth on the surface of the PV modules increases per unit time. The specific method is as follows.

[0113] Select a photovoltaic module at the center of the photovoltaic array, detect the snow depth at all detection points on the surface of the photovoltaic module every 10 minutes, and calculate the average snow depth value d of these detection points p (Unit: mm).

[0114]

[0115] Where d i is the snow depth value (in mm) at the i-th detection point on the surface of the photovoltaic module, i=1~g, g is the number of snow depth detection points on the surface of the photovoltaic module.

[0116] If the average snow depth d p If there is no increase for 30 consecutive minutes, it can be judged that the snow has ended.

[0117] The method for controlling snow melting speed on the surface of photovoltaic modules of the present invention is as follows:

[0118] Normally, the amount of snow on the surface of photovoltaic modules is inconsistent, that is, the depth of snow in each part is different. If the same amount of electric heating is provided to all snow-covered parts per unit time, the parts with smaller snow depth will achieve complete snow melting in a shorter time, and the snow melting time of the parts with larger snow depth will be relatively longer. The characteristic of photovoltaic module power generation is that as long as a small part of the photovoltaic module surface is blocked by real shadows, the photovoltaic module will not generate electricity or the power generation power will be greatly reduced. In severe cases, a "hot spot effect" will occur, causing permanent damage to the photovoltaic module. If more electric heating is provided per unit time to the parts with larger snow depth, and less electric heating is provided per unit time to the parts with smaller snow depth, the difference in the length of time for snow melting on the surface of the photovoltaic module can be reduced, and the snow melting speed of each part of the photovoltaic module can be controlled.

[0119] The present invention proposes a snow melting speed control method to achieve supplying different electric heating amounts per unit time to locations with different snow accumulation depths on the surface of a photovoltaic module. The specific method is as follows.

[0120] Collect the snow depth values ​​at each detection point on the surface of a single photovoltaic module and calculate d a1 , d a2 ,...d ay , where d a1 ~d ay is the average value (in mm) of the snow depth at all test points at the same horizontal height from bottom to top of the PV module, and y is the number of longitudinal test points.

[0121] The average snow depth d a Divided into 3 depth intervals: (1) 0mm <d a ≦15mm; (2) 15mm <d a ≦30mm; (3)d a >30mm. The power supply modes of the electric heating cables above and below the detection point where snow is present are divided into three types: ① The heating time duty cycle is 50% and the heating cycle is 2s; ② The heating time duty cycle is 75% and the heating cycle is 4s; ③ Continuous uninterrupted heating.

[0122] The power supply mode adopted for the electric heating tape is as follows according to the different snow depth conditions of the photovoltaic modules.

[0123] 1. When d a1 ~d ayThe snow depth conditions for all three depth intervals are included. For depth interval (1), the electric heating tapes above and below the detection point adopt power supply mode ①. For depth interval (2), the electric heating tapes above and below the detection point adopt power supply mode ②. For depth interval (3), the electric heating tapes above and below the detection point adopt power supply mode ③.

[0124] 2. When d a1 ~d ay Including the snow depth conditions in depth interval (2) and depth interval (3), the electric heating tapes above and below the detection point corresponding to depth interval (2) adopt power supply mode ②, and the electric heating tapes above and below the detection point corresponding to depth interval (3) adopt power supply mode ③.

[0125] 3. When d a1 ~d ay Including the snow depth conditions of depth interval (1) and depth interval (2), the electric heating tapes above and below the detection point corresponding to depth interval (1) adopt power supply mode ②, and the electric heating tapes above and below the detection point corresponding to depth interval (2) adopt power supply mode ③.

[0126] 4. When d a1 ~d ay Including the snow depth conditions in depth interval (1) and depth interval (3), the electric heating tapes above and below the detection point corresponding to depth interval (1) adopt power supply mode ①, and the electric heating tapes above and below the detection point corresponding to depth interval (3) adopt power supply mode ③.

[0127] 5. When d a1 ~d ay Only the snow depth in depth interval (1) is included, and the electric heating cables above and below the detection point corresponding to depth interval (1) adopt power supply mode ③.

[0128] 6. When d a1 ~d ay Only the snow depth in depth interval (2) is included, and the electric heating cables above and below the detection point corresponding to depth interval (2) adopt power supply mode ③.

[0129] 7. When d a1 ~d ay Only the snow depth in depth interval (3) is included, and the electric heating cables above and below the detection point corresponding to depth interval (3) adopt power supply mode ③.

[0130] 8. When the snow depths at adjacent detection points above and below a heating cable belong to different depth ranges, the power supply mode of the heating cable shall operate according to the power supply mode of the detection point with the larger snow depth value.

[0131] The optimization method of the snow melting system of the present invention is:

[0132] 1) Optimize according to heating time

[0133] Due to the differences in the specific locations and environments of the photovoltaic modules, for example, some photovoltaic modules are shaded, some modules have poor air circulation around them, and some modules have heat sources near them, etc., these situations will lead to differences in the heating time required for snow melting for each module and each part of the module. This patent proposes a method to reduce the difference in heating time for each heating belt, and the specific method is as follows.

[0134] (1) Count the time T that each heating cable works from the start of heating to the stop of heating after the snow melting is completed when the PV module snow melting system melts snow after three snowfalls. i1 、T i2 、T i3 ,(T i1 、T i2 、T i3 Respectively represent the working time of the i-th heating cable in the snowmelt system during the first, second and third snowfalls, i = 1 ~ v, v is the total number of heating cables used in the snowmelt system). (This method is not limited to counting data from three snowmelt processes. In actual applications, if more data are counted, the results will be more accurate.)

[0135] (2) Calculate the total working time T of each heating cable i =T i1 +T i2 +T i3 .

[0136] (3) Calculate the average total working time of all heating cables in the system

[0137] (4) Calculate the difference D between the total working time of each heating cable and the average working time i =T i -T av .

[0138] (5) Calculate the ratio of the time difference of each heating cable to the average time value

[0139] (6) Screening S i >0.1, replace the heating tape that meets this condition with a heating tape with a higher power value. Suppose the power value of the heating tape before replacement is P i , then the power value of the heating cable after replacement is (1+S i )×P i .

[0140] (7) Screening S i <-0.1, replace the heating tape that meets this condition with a heating tape with a lower power value. Suppose the power value of the heating tape before replacement is P i, then the power value of the heating cable after replacement is (1+S i )×P i .

[0141] 2) Optimize according to heating power

[0142] During the installation of the photovoltaic snow melting system, due to construction quality problems or aging problems after a period of use, gaps or detachment may occur between the heating tape and the heat sink, or between the heat sink and the module backplane. This will cause a significant reduction in the heat conducted by the heating tape to the photovoltaic module, which not only loses electricity but also affects the snow melting effect. This patent proposes a method by which the module where this problem occurs can be found. The specific method is as follows.

[0143] (1) Count the amount of electricity consumed by each component during the snow melting process E i (i=1~w, w is the total number of photovoltaic modules, E i represents the electricity consumed by the i-th PV panel to melt snow).

[0144] E i =E i1 +E i2 +...+E iz

[0145] Where z is the total number of heating cables installed on the back of the photovoltaic module, E i1 E represents the power consumed by the first heating cable on the back panel of the i-th photovoltaic module in the snow melting project, i2 It represents the amount of electricity consumed by the second heating tape on the back panel of the i-th photovoltaic module in the snow melting project, and so on.

[0146] (2) Calculate the average power consumption of all components during the snow melting process

[0147] (3) Calculate the difference between the power consumption of each component and the average power consumption value F i =E i -E av

[0148] (4) Calculate the ratio of the power difference of each component to the average power consumption value

[0149] (5) Screening Q i >0.2, conduct on-site inspection of the heating tape and perform repairs on the PV modules that meet this condition.

[0150] The photovoltaic module snow melting controller of the present invention comprises a CPU circuit, a heating belt control circuit, a photovoltaic module voltage detection circuit, a current detection circuit, an irradiation detection circuit, a keyboard and a liquid crystal display circuit, a GPRS communication circuit, a numerical control pan-tilt control circuit, a snow depth detection circuit, an angle detection circuit and a temperature detection circuit. The signal transmission port of the CPU circuit is respectively connected to the signal transmission port of the heating belt control circuit, the signal transmission port of the voltage detection circuit, the signal transmission port of the current detection circuit, the signal transmission port of the irradiation detection circuit, the signal transmission port of the keyboard and the liquid crystal display circuit, the signal transmission port of the GPRS communication circuit, the signal transmission port of the numerical control pan-tilt control circuit, the signal transmission port of the snow depth detection circuit, the signal transmission port of the angle detection circuit and the signal transmission port of the temperature detection circuit. The control signal output port of the heating belt control circuit is connected to the electric heating belt. The detection signal output port of the current detection circuit is connected to the detection signal output port of the electric heating belt. The signal input port is connected to the current transformer (the junction box on the back of the photovoltaic module outputs two wires, which are the positive and negative outputs of the photovoltaic module respectively. There is a round hole in the center of the current transformer, which can pass a wire with a maximum diameter of 13.6 mm. The positive or negative wire of the photovoltaic module is passed through the hole to detect the current value output by the photovoltaic module), the detection signal input port of the irradiation detection circuit is connected to the detection signal output port of the irradiation sensor, the CNC pan-tilt control circuit is connected to the CNC pan-tilt, the CNC pan-tilt is arranged on the column, and a snow depth sensor and a pan-tilt angle sensor are arranged at the upper end of the CNC pan-tilt, and a photovoltaic module angle sensor is arranged on the photovoltaic module. The detection signal output port of the pan-tilt angle sensor and the detection signal output port of the photovoltaic module angle sensor are respectively connected to the detection signal input port of the angle detection circuit; the detection signal output port of the snow depth sensor is connected to the detection signal input port of the snow depth detection circuit.

[0151] The CPU circuit is the core of the controller, and its tasks include collecting various physical signals, controlling the rotation of the CNC electric pan / tilt, calculating the snow depth at the measured points on the surface of the photovoltaic module, determining which electric heating cables need power supply and heating and which power supply mode these electric heating cables use, etc.

[0152] The snow depth detection circuit detects the snow depth in real time through a snow depth sensor, converts the 485 signal output by the snow depth sensor into a serial port TTL signal through a level signal conversion circuit to communicate with the CPU, and realizes electrical isolation between the controller circuit and the snow depth sensor through a power isolation circuit.

[0153] The numerically controlled pan-tilt control circuit realizes horizontal rotation and pitch rotation of the pan-tilt through real-time control of the pan-tilt by the CPU. The 485 signal output by the pan-tilt is converted into a serial port TTL signal through a level signal conversion circuit to communicate with the CPU, and the electrical isolation of the controller circuit and the numerically controlled electric pan-tilt is realized through a power isolation circuit.

[0154] The angle detection circuit detects the angles of the photovoltaic module and the snow depth sensor in real time through an angle sensor, converts the 485 signal output by the angle sensor into a serial port TTL signal through a level signal conversion circuit to communicate with the CPU, and realizes electrical isolation between the controller circuit and the angle sensor through a power isolation circuit.

[0155] The radiation detection circuit detects the radiation intensity in real time through the radiation sensor, and the radiation sensor outputs the radiation intensity through the current signal. The current signal is converted into a voltage signal through the signal conditioning circuit, and the voltage signal is converted into a digital signal through the AD conversion module inside the CPU.

[0156] The current detection circuit samples the current output by the photovoltaic module in proportion through the current sensor and outputs a corresponding voltage signal. The voltage signal is converted into a digital signal through the AD conversion module inside the CPU after passing through the signal conditioning circuit.

[0157] The voltage detection circuit samples the voltage output by the photovoltaic module in proportion through a voltage transformer and outputs a corresponding current signal. The current signal is converted into a voltage signal through a signal conditioning circuit, and the voltage signal is converted into a digital signal through an AD conversion module inside the CPU.

[0158] The temperature sensor in the temperature detection circuit converts the temperature of the photovoltaic module back plate into a digital signal, and communicates with the CPU in a single data bus mode to send the module back plate temperature information to the CPU.

[0159] The CPU in the keyboard and LCD screen circuit identifies the trigger button in an external interrupt and scanning mode, and the CPU communicates with the LCD screen module in a serial synchronous communication mode and controls the LCD screen display content. The function of the keyboard and LCD screen circuit is to set system control parameters and view the system working status.

[0160] The heating belt control circuit outputs a control signal from the IO port of the CPU, and controls whether the relay control end coil is powered after optical coupling isolation, thereby controlling whether each heating belt is powered for heating. The 24V power supply at the relay control end is electrically isolated from the 24V power supply in the controller circuit through the power isolation circuit.

[0161] The CPU in the GPRS communication circuit communicates with the GPRS wireless transparent transmission module through a serial asynchronous communication interface, and realizes remote wireless communication through a GPRS network.

[0162] The snow depth detection circuit, CNC pan / tilt control circuit, angle detection circuit, radiation detection circuit, current detection circuit, voltage detection circuit, temperature detection circuit, keyboard and LCD screen circuit, heating belt control circuit, and GPRS communication circuit are all connected to the CPU circuit.

[0163] When the present invention is used, the snow depth detection sensor is installed on a CNC electric pan-tilt platform, and the pan-tilt platform controls the snow depth detection sensor to rotate horizontally and in pitch. The pan-tilt platform is fixed on a column perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and the column is installed in the direction of the extension line of the center line of the No. 1 photovoltaic module. An angle sensor is installed on the snow depth detection sensor to detect the angle to which the snow depth detection sensor points. Another angle sensor is installed on the photovoltaic module to detect the angle between the photovoltaic module and the horizontal plane. Pass the output wire of the photovoltaic module through the circular hole in the center of the current sensor ( Figure 6 The electrical connection mode of the three photovoltaic modules is series connection); the positive and negative electrodes of the output terminals of the three photovoltaic modules are respectively connected to the PV+ pin and PV- pin of the voltage signal input port connector in the voltage detection circuit. The temperature sensor is fixed on the back plate of the photovoltaic module away from the area covered by the heating belt and the heat sink. The irradiation sensor is fixed on a plane with the same inclination as the photovoltaic module and cannot be blocked by shadows. Each heat sink is fixed on the back plate of the photovoltaic module according to the position requirements of the present invention, and each heating belt is fixed at the horizontal center line position of each heat sink.

[0164] like Figure 8 As shown, when the present invention starts working, the first step is to use the keyboard to input various known physical parameters, including the rated power of the component, the temperature coefficient of the component power, the power attenuation rate of the photovoltaic component in the first year of operation, the linear power attenuation rate of the photovoltaic component every year after the first year, etc., and set the initial parameters, including the inspection cycle, the power threshold P d , snowmelt duration, etc., and then enter the loop program steps. The second step is to collect the irradiation intensity on the surface of the photovoltaic module and the backplane temperature of the photovoltaic module, and calculate the theoretical output power of the photovoltaic module based on parameters such as the number of years the module has been in operation and the algorithm proposed by the present invention. The third step is to collect the voltage and current values ​​at the output end of the photovoltaic module, calculate the actual output power of the photovoltaic module, and calculate the difference P between the actual output power and the theoretical output power. dif . Compare P dif With P d The value of the value, if P dif Not greater than P d , then return to the second step and execute the above calculation process in a loop. dif Greater than P d , then proceed to step 4. Step 4: Detect the snow depth at all test points on a typical photovoltaic module and calculate the average snow depth value d on the module surface p , detected and calculated every 10 minutes. p If there is no increase within 30 minutes, proceed to step 5; if d pIf it increases within 30 minutes, repeat the fourth step. The fifth step is to control the rotation of the pan / tilt so that the snow depth sensor detects all the set detection points in turn, and calculate the snow depth at each detection point according to the algorithm proposed in the present invention. The sixth step is to use the corresponding power supply mode for each heating cable to start heating and melting snow according to the snow melting speed control method proposed in the present invention, based on the snow depth at each detection point of the photovoltaic module, and then enter the snow melting duration waiting period. The seventh step is to re-detect the snow depth at all detection points. Determine whether the snow depth at all detection points is zero. If not, return to the fifth step to continue the snow melting step. If it is zero, stop heating, and after the inspection cycle waiting time, return to the second step to repeat the above-mentioned cycle procedure steps.

[0165] The CPU circuit adopts MM32F3273D7P chip U1, and pins 1 to 4 of U1 are respectively connected to +3.3V, LCD-A0, LCD-RST, and LCD-CS. Pin 5 of U1 is respectively connected to one end of resistor R1, one end of crystal oscillator X1, and one end of capacitor C1. The other end of C1 is respectively connected to ground and one end of capacitor C2. The other end of C2 is respectively connected to the other end of X1, the other end of R1, and pin 6 of U1. Pins 7 to 12 of U1 are respectively connected to RST, RD2, RD3, SCL, SDA, and GND. Pin 12 of U1 is respectively connected to the positive electrode of capacitor C3, the positive electrode of capacitor C 4, the negative pole of C3 is connected to the other end of C4 and pin 13 of U1 respectively, pins 14 to 32 of U1 are connected to UART4-TX, UART4-RX, UART2-TX, UART2-RX, GND, +3.3V, UART5-TX, UART5-RX, ADC1, ADC2, ADC4, GPRS-PWR, ADC3, ADC5, GND, UART3-TX, UART3-RX, GND, +3.3V respectively, pins 18 and 19 of U1 are connected to both ends of C5, and pins 31 and 32 of U1 are connected to both ends of C6;

[0166] Pins 33 to 64 of U1 are connected to L6 to L1, LE3 to LE1, UART1-RX, UART1-TX, RD1, INT3, JTMS, GND, +3.3V, JTCK, ROW5 to ROW1, COL5 to COL1, GND, RD4, T-DQ, GND, and +3.3V respectively;

[0167] Pin 3 of BM117-3.3 chip P1 is connected to +15V, pin 2 of P1 is connected to +3.3V, one end of switch SW1 is connected to ground and one end of capacitor C13 respectively, the other end of SW1 is connected to one end of resistor R2, RST, and the other end of capacitor C13 respectively, and the other end of R2 is connected to +3.3V.

[0168] The CPU uses a 32-bit microcontroller produced by Shanghai Lingdong Microelectronics Co., Ltd., model MM32F3273D7P. The communication module uses an embedded GPRS wireless transparent transmission module produced by Jinan Youren Internet of Things Technology Co., Ltd., model USR-GPRS232-7S3. The LCD screen module uses a product produced by Shenzhen Jinglianxun Electronics Co., Ltd., model JLX12864G-183-BN. The relay uses a low-power micro relay produced by Ningbo Huike Xinjiyuan Electric Co., Ltd., model HK4100F-DC24V-SDAG, coil voltage 24V, coil power consumption 0.15W. The 24V power isolation module uses a product produced by Shenzhen Hailingke Electronics Co., Ltd., model HLK-10D2424B. The 3.3V power supply module uses a product produced by Shanghai Baili Microelectronics Co., Ltd., model BM1117-3.3. The voltage transformer uses a product produced by Nanjing Qihuo Technology Co., Ltd., model VSM025A / 10. The current sensor is a product produced by Jiangsu Zhonghuo Sensing Technology Co., Ltd., model HDIB-CE-10P2O2.

[0169] The snow depth detection circuit includes a common mode inductor LDM1, a first terminal of LDM1 is connected to +24V, a second terminal of LDM1 is connected to one end of inductor L1, the other end of L1 is connected to pin 1 of HLK-10D2424B chip P2, pin 2 of P2 is connected to the third end of LDM1, and the fourth end of LDM1 is grounded; pin 4 of P2 is connected to +24V-HM31 through inductor L2, and pin 3 of P2 is connected to GND-HM31 through inductor L3;

[0170] Pin 1 of ST3485 chip U2 is connected to UART1-RX, pins 2 and 3 of U2 are connected to RD1, pin 4 of U2 is connected to UART1-TX, pin 5 of U2 is connected to ground and one end of capacitor C21 respectively, the other end of C21 is connected to +3.3V and pin 8 of U2 respectively, pin 6 of U2 is connected to one end of resistor R5, one end of resistor R6 and one end of resistor R7 respectively, the other end of R6 is connected to +3.3V, the other end of R7 is connected to RS485-A1, the other end of R5 is connected to pin 7 of U2, one end of resistor R3 and one end of resistor R4 respectively, the other end of R3 is grounded, and the other end of R4 is connected to RS485-B1.

[0171] The snow depth sensor uses the laser snow depth sensor produced by Austrian SOMMER, model HM31, with a snow depth measurement range of 0-15m. The CNC electric pan-tilt uses the worm gear light pan-tilt produced by Sichuan Huiyuan Optical Communication Co., Ltd., model HY-LW18-01B, with a horizontal rotation angle range of 0 to 360°, a pitch angle range of -60 to 60°, and a positioning accuracy of 0.1°. An angle sensor is installed on the snow depth detection sensor to detect the angle to which the snow depth detection sensor points. An angle sensor is installed on the back panel of the photovoltaic module to detect the angle between the photovoltaic module and the horizontal plane. The angle sensor uses the dual-axis inclination sensor produced by Shenzhen Weite Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., model SINDT02-485, with an angle detection accuracy of 0.1°. The temperature sensor uses a wide temperature range single bus temperature measurement chip produced by Beijing Qixin Zhongchuang Technology Co., Ltd., model QT18B20, with a temperature range of -55℃ to +125℃, a maximum error of ±0.5℃ in the range of -10℃ to +85℃, and a maximum error of ±1.5℃ in the full temperature range. The radiation sensor uses a product produced by Wuhan Chenyun Technology Co., Ltd., model YGC-TBQ-KV-A2, with a radiation detection range of 0~2000W / m 2 The electric heating cable is a glass fiber constant power electric heating cable produced by Anhui Huanrui Electric Heating Equipment Co., Ltd. The model is RDP2-J4-60, with 220V power supply, heating power of 60W / m, and heating cable width of 9.5mm.

[0172] The digital control pan / tilt control circuit includes a common mode inductor LDM2, a first terminal of LDM2 is connected to +24V, a second terminal of LDM2 is connected to one end of inductor L4, the other end of L4 is connected to pin 1 of HLK-10D2424B chip P3, pin 2 of P3 is connected to the third end of LDM2, and the fourth end of LDM2 is grounded; pin 4 of P3 is connected to +24V-HY through inductor L5, and pin 3 of P3 is connected to GND-HY through inductor L6;

[0173] Pin 1 of ST3485 chip U3 is connected to UART2-RX, pins 2 and 3 of U3 are connected to RD2, pin 4 of U3 is connected to UART2-TX, pin 5 of U3 is connected to ground and one end of capacitor C29 respectively, the other end of C29 is connected to +3.3V and pin 8 of U3 respectively, pin 6 of U3 is connected to one end of resistor R10, one end of resistor R11 and one end of resistor R12 respectively, the other end of R11 is connected to +3.3V, the other end of R12 is connected to RS485-A2, the other end of R10 is connected to pin 7 of U3, one end of resistor R8 and one end of resistor R9 respectively, the other end of R8 is grounded, and the other end of R9 is connected to RS485-B2.

[0174] The temperature detection circuit adopts QT18B20 chip PE3, and the 1st, 2nd and 3rd pins of PE3 are connected to T-GND, T-DQ and T-3.3V respectively.

[0175] The angle detection circuit includes a common mode inductor LDM3, a first terminal of LDM3 is connected to +24V, a second terminal of LDM3 is connected to one end of an inductor L7, the other end of L7 is connected to pin 1 of the HLK-10D2424B chip P4, pin 2 of P4 is connected to the third end of LDM3, and the fourth end of LDM3 is grounded; pin 4 of P4 is connected to +24V-SINDT through inductor L8, and pin 3 of P4 is connected to GND-SINDT through inductor L9;

[0176] Pin 1 of ST3485 chip U4 is connected to UART3-RX, pins 2 and 3 of U4 are connected to RD3, pin 4 of U4 is connected to UART3-TX, pin 5 of U4 is connected to ground and one end of capacitor C38 respectively, the other end of C38 is connected to +3.3V and pin 8 of U4 respectively, pin 6 of U4 is connected to one end of resistor R16, one end of resistor R17 and one end of resistor R18 respectively, the other end of R17 is connected to +3.3V, the other end of R18 is connected to RS485-A3, the other end of R16 is connected to pin 7 of U4, one end of resistor R14 and one end of resistor R15 respectively, the other end of R14 is grounded, and the other end of R15 is connected to RS485-B3;

[0177] Pin 1 of ST3485 chip U5 is connected to UART4-RX, pins 2 and 3 of U5 are connected to RD4, pin 4 of U5 is connected to UART4-TX, pin 5 of U5 is connected to ground and one end of capacitor C39 respectively, the other end of C39 is connected to +3.3V and pin 8 of U5 respectively, pin 6 of U5 is connected to one end of resistor R21, one end of resistor R22 and one end of resistor R23 respectively, the other end of R22 is connected to +3.3V, the other end of R23 is connected to RS485-A4, the other end of R21 is connected to pin 7 of U5, one end of resistor R19 and one end of resistor R20 respectively, the other end of R19 is grounded, and the other end of R20 is connected to RS485-B4.

[0178] The radiation detection circuit includes an LM324 chip CA1A, wherein the 3rd pin of CA1A is connected to CURRENT, the 2nd pin of CA1A is respectively connected to the 1st pin of CA1A and one end of a resistor R25, and the other end of R25 is connected to ADC5 through a resistor R26.

[0179] Pins 1, 2, and 3 of the YGC-TBQ-KV-A2 chip PE6 are connected to +24V, GND, and CURRENT respectively.

[0180] The current detection circuit includes an LM324 chip CA1B, wherein the 5th pin of CA1B is respectively connected to one end of a resistor R29 and one end of a resistor R30, and the other end of R29 is respectively connected to the other end of R30 and the ground, the 6th pin of CA1B is respectively connected to one end of a resistor R27 and one end of a resistor R28, and the other end of R27 is connected to S-CUR, the other end of R28 is respectively connected to the 7th pin of CA1B and one end of a resistor R31, and the other end of R31 is respectively connected to the 9th pin of the LM324 chip CA1C and one end of a resistor R32, the 10th pin of CA1C is grounded through a resistor R33, the other end of R32 is respectively connected to the 8th pin of CA1C and one end of a resistor R34, and the other end of R34 is connected to ADC4 through a resistor R35;

[0181] Pins 5 to 8 of the HDIB-CE-10P2O2 chip PE7 are connected to +24V, GND, S-CUR, and GND respectively.

[0182] The voltage detection circuit includes a VSM025A / 10 chip U6, pin 1 of U6 is connected to PV+ through parallel resistors R36 and R37, pin 2 of U6 is connected to PV-, pin 5 of U6 is connected to pin 3 of LM324 chip CA2A through resistor R39, pin 2 of CA2A is respectively connected to pin 1 of CA2A and one end of resistor R40, and the other end of R40 is connected to ADC1;

[0183] VSM025A / 10 chip U7, U7's pin 1 is connected to PV+ through parallel resistors R41 and R42, U7's pin 2 is connected to PV-, U7's pin 5 is connected to LM324 chip CA2B's pin 5 through resistor R44, CA2B's pin 6 is connected to CA2B's pin 7 and one end of resistor R45, and the other end of R45 is connected to ADC2;

[0184] VSM025A / 10 chip U8, pin 1 of U8 is connected to PV+ through parallel resistors R46 and R47, pin 2 of U8 is connected to PV-, pin 5 of U8 is connected to pin 10 of LM324 chip CA2C through resistor R49, pin 9 of CA2C is connected to pin 8 of CA2C and one end of resistor R50 respectively, and the other end of R50 is connected to ADC3.

[0185] The keyboard and LCD screen circuit includes a 74LV08A chip U9 and a JLX12864G-183-BN chip U10, and pins 1, 2, 5, 8, 9, and 12 of U9 are respectively connected to COL1, COL2, COL3, INT3, COL5, and COL4;

[0186] Pins 8 to 12 of U10 are connected to SDA, SCL, LCD-A0, LCD-RST, and LCD-CS respectively.

[0187] The heating belt control circuit includes a common mode inductor LDM4, a first terminal of LDM4 is connected to +24V, a second terminal of LDM4 is connected to one end of an inductor L10, the other end of L10 is connected to pin 1 of HLK-10D2424B chip P5, pin 2 of P5 is connected to the third end of LDM4, and the fourth end of LDM4 is grounded; pin 4 of P5 is connected to +24V-RELAY through inductor L11, and pin 3 of P5 is connected to GND-RELAY through inductor L12;

[0188] Pins 3, 4, 7, 8, 13, and 14 of the 74LVC373ADB chip U11 are connected to L1 to L6 respectively, pin 11 of U11 is connected to LE1, and pins 2, 5, 6, 9, 12, and 15 of U11 are connected to L1-1 to L1-6 respectively;

[0189] Pins 2, 4, 6, and 8 of the TLP521-4 chip U12 are connected to pins L1-1 to L1-4 respectively; pins 2 and 4 of the TLP521-2 chip U13 are connected to pins L1-5 and L1-6 respectively; pins 15, 13, 11, and 9 of U12 are connected to pins KM1-1, KM1-2, KM1-3, and KM1-4 respectively, and pins 7 and 5 of U13 are connected to pins KM1-5 and KM1-6 respectively;

[0190] Pins 2, 4, 6, and 8 of the TLP521-4 chip U15 are connected to pins L2-1 to L2-4 respectively; pins 2 and 4 of the TLP521-2 chip U16 are connected to pins L2-5 and L2-6 respectively; pins 15, 13, 11, and 9 of U15 are connected to pins KM2-1, KM2-2, KM2-3, and KM2-4 respectively, and pins 7 and 5 of U16 are connected to pins KM2-5 and KM2-6 respectively;

[0191] Pins 3, 4, 7, 8, 13, and 14 of the 74LVC373ADB chip U14 are connected to L1 to L6 respectively, pin 11 of U14 is connected to LE2, and pins 2, 5, 6, 9, 12, and 15 of U14 are connected to L2-1 to L2-6 respectively;

[0192] Pins 2, 4, 6, and 8 of the TLP521-4 chip U18 are connected to pins L3-1 to L3-4 respectively; pins 2 and 4 of the TLP521-2 chip U19 are connected to pins L3-5 and L3-6 respectively; pins 15, 13, 11, and 9 of U18 are connected to pins KM3-1, KM3-2, KM3-3, and KM3-4 respectively, and pins 7 and 5 of U19 are connected to pins KM3-5 and KM3-6 respectively;

[0193] Pins 3, 4, 7, 8, 13, and 14 of the 74LVC373ADB chip U17 are connected to L1 to L6 respectively, pin 11 of U17 is connected to LE3, and pins 2, 5, 6, 9, 12, and 15 of U17 are connected to pins L3-1 to L3-6 respectively.

[0194] The GPRS communication circuit includes a USR-GPRS232-7S3 chip U20, pins 6 and 7 of U20 are respectively connected to USR-TX and USR-RX, pin 10 of U20 is connected to PWR, and pin 15 of U20 is connected to G-LINK;

[0195] Pin 1 of TPS79328DBVR chip P6 is connected to +3.3V, one end of capacitor C64, and one end of resistor R74 respectively. The other end of R74 is connected to pin 3 of P6. The other end of C64 is connected to ground and pin 2 of P6 respectively. Pin 4 of P6 is connected to ground and one end of capacitor C65 respectively through capacitor C66. The other end of C65 is connected to pin 5 of P6.

[0196] The base of NPN transistor Q1 is connected to one end of resistor R75 and one end of resistor R76 respectively, the other end of R75 is connected to USR-TX, the other end of R76 is connected to +2.8V and one end of resistor R77 respectively, the other end of R77 is connected to the collector of Q1 and the base of NPN transistor Q2 respectively, the emitters of Q1 and Q2 are grounded, the collector of Q2 is connected to one end of resistor R78 and UART5-RX respectively, the other end of R78 is connected to +3.3V;

[0197] Pin 1 of TLP521-1 chip U21 is connected to GPRS-PWR through resistor R83, pin 2 of U21 is grounded, pin 4 of U21 is connected to +3.3V, pin 3 of U21 is connected to one end of resistor R84, one end of capacitor C67, and one end of resistor R85 respectively, the other end of R84 is connected to the other end of C67 and ground respectively; the other end of R85 is connected to the base of NPN transistor Q5, the emitter of Q5 is grounded, and the collector of Q5 is connected to PWR;

[0198] The base of NPN transistor Q3 is connected to one end of resistor R79 and one end of resistor R80 respectively, the other end of R79 is connected to UART5-TX, the other end of R80 is connected to +3.3V and one end of resistor R81 respectively, the other end of R81 is connected to the collector of Q3 and the base of NPN transistor Q4 respectively, the emitters of Q3 and Q4 are grounded, the collector of Q4 is connected to one end of resistor R82 and USR-RX respectively, the other end of R82 is connected to +2.8V;

[0199] The base of NPN transistor Q6 is connected to G-LINK through resistor R86, the collector of Q6 is connected to +4V and one end of resistor R88 respectively through light-emitting diode LED1 and resistor R87, and the other end of R88 is connected to the emitter of Q6 and ground respectively through light-emitting diode LED2;

[0200] Pin 1 of MP2303 chip P7 is connected to MP-BS, pin 2 of P7 is connected to the cathode of diode D11 and one end of resistor R89 ​​respectively, the anode of D11 is connected to +15V, and the other end of R89 is connected to pin 7 of P7; pin 3 of P7 is connected to +4V, one end of capacitor C72, one end of inductor L13, one end of capacitor C73, one end of capacitor C74, and one end of resistor R90 respectively, the other end of C72 is connected to MP-BS and the cathode of diode D12 respectively, the anode of D12 is connected to the other end of L13, the other end of R90 is connected to pin 5 of P7 and one end of resistor R91 respectively, the other end of R91 is connected to ground and one end of resistor R92 respectively, and the other end of R92 is connected to pin 6 of P7 through capacitor C75.

[0201] Among them, P1 is a 3.3V power module with a maximum output current of 1A, which powers the electronic components in the controller that require 3.3V power supply. P2~P5 are 24V DC power isolation modules with a maximum output power of 10W, which are used to achieve electrical isolation between the controller and various external devices to prevent electromagnetic interference and surges caused by external devices from affecting the controller. P6 is a 2.8V power module with a maximum output current of 200mA, which powers the communication level conversion circuit in the GPRS communication circuit. P7 is a 4V power module with a maximum output current of 3A, which powers the GPRS wireless transparent transmission module in the GPRS communication circuit.

[0202] PE1~PE7 are external devices, which are connected to the controller circuit board through connectors to achieve power supply and data transmission. Among them, PE1 is a snow depth sensor, model HM31, connected to the circuit board through connector J3; PE2 is a CNC electric pan / tilt, model HY-LW18-01B, connected to the circuit board through connector J4; PE3 is a temperature sensor, model QT18B20, connected to the circuit board through connector J5; PE4 is an angle detection sensor installed on the snow depth sensor, model SINDT02-485, connected to the circuit board through connector J6; PE5 is an angle detection sensor installed on the backboard of the photovoltaic module, model SINDT02-485, connected to the circuit board through connector J7; PE6 is an irradiation sensor, model YGC-TBQ-KV-A2, connected to the circuit board through connector J8; PE7 is a current sensor, model HDIB-CE-10P2O2, connected to the circuit board through connector J9.

[0203] Connectors J10, J11, and J12 are the voltage signal input ports of photovoltaic modules. Pin 1 of connector J10 is connected to the positive output terminal of photovoltaic module No. 1, and pin 2 of connector J10 is connected to the negative output terminal of photovoltaic module No. 1. Pin 1 of connector J11 is connected to the positive output terminal of photovoltaic module No. 2, and pin 2 of connector J11 is connected to the negative output terminal of photovoltaic module No. 2. Pin 1 of connector J12 is connected to the positive output terminal of photovoltaic module No. 3, and pin 2 of connector J12 is connected to the negative output terminal of photovoltaic module No. 3.

[0204] Pin 1 of connector J14 is connected to the live wire of the AC 220V power supply, and pin 2 of J14 is connected to the neutral wire of the AC 220V power supply. Pins 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 of connector J15 are connected to one end of the 6 heating cables of the No. 1 photovoltaic module, and pins 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 of J15 are connected to the other end of the 6 heating cables of the back panel of the No. 1 photovoltaic module. Pins 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 of connector J16 are connected to one end of the 6 heating cables of the back panel of the No. 2 photovoltaic module, and pins 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 of J16 are connected to the other end of the 6 heating cables of the No. 2 photovoltaic module. Pins 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 of connector J17 are connected to one end of the 6 heating cables of the back panel of the No. 3 photovoltaic module, and pins 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 of J17 are connected to the other end of the 6 heating cables of the No. 3 photovoltaic module.

[0205] In addition, connector J1 is the controller DC power supply interface, J2 is the CPU program download interface, and connector J13 is connected to the 5×5 keyboard.

[0206] R24 is a 1% precision resistor with a resistance of 150Ω. R38, R43, and R48 are 1% precision resistors with a resistance of 130Ω. R90 is a 1% precision resistor with a resistance of 40.2KΩ. R91 is a 1% precision resistor with a resistance of 10KΩ.

[0207] The light-emitting diode LED1 (green) is the GPRS communication network status indicator. When it is on, it means that the GPRS network connection is established, and when it is off, it means that the GPRS network connection is disconnected. The light-emitting diode LED2 (red) is the GPRS wireless transparent transmission module power indicator. When it is on, it means that the GPRS wireless transparent transmission module is powered on, and when it is off, it means that the GPRS wireless transparent transmission module is powered off.

[0208] LDM1~LDM4 are common mode inductors used to suppress common mode electromagnetic interference signals in the power supply, and the inductance value is 10mH.

[0209] The present invention adopts the MM32F3273D7P chip as the CPU of the controller. The number of general input / output ports of the chip is 52. If more electric heating cables need to be controlled, it can be achieved by selecting a chip with more general input / output ports as the CPU or by adding an input / output port expansion circuit.

[0210] It can be understood that the above specific description of the present invention is only used to illustrate the present invention and is not limited to the technical solutions described in the embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention can still be modified or replaced by equivalents to achieve the same technical effects; as long as the use requirements are met, they are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module heat sink, comprising a transverse strip rectangular plate, characterized in that A plurality of vertical strip-shaped rectangular plates are evenly distributed along the length direction of the horizontal strip-shaped rectangular plate. The front vertical edge of the front vertical strip-shaped rectangular plate is the front edge of the heat sink, and the rear vertical edge of the rear vertical strip-shaped rectangular plate is the rear edge of the heat sink; the center line along the length direction of the horizontal strip-shaped rectangular plate passes through the center of the vertical strip-shaped rectangular plate; a horizontal strip-shaped electric heating tape is arranged on the heat sink, and the center line in the length direction of the horizontal strip-shaped electric heating tape coincides with the center line in the length direction of the horizontal strip-shaped rectangular plate. The front end of the horizontal strip-shaped electric heating tape is flush with the front end of the heat sink, and the rear end of the horizontal strip-shaped electric heating tape is flush with the rear end of the heat sink; There are six of the heat sinks, which are evenly distributed along the length direction of the photovoltaic module; the length direction of the heat sink is perpendicular to the length direction of the photovoltaic module; the front ends of the heat sinks are in the same vertical direction; in the horizontal direction, the heat sinks are centered at the back of the photovoltaic module; The area between adjacent heat sinks is a detection point; The center of the rectangular area surrounded by every four adjacent vertical strip-shaped rectangular plates is a detection point; x×y detection points are selected at uniform intervals on the back panel of the photovoltaic module, where x is the number of horizontal detection points, y is the number of vertical detection points; m is the length of the photovoltaic module, n is the width of the photovoltaic module, k is the horizontal spacing of the detection points, p is the vertical spacing of the detection points, q is the longitudinal spacing of the horizontal strip-shaped electric heating tape, a is the width of the heat sink, e is the length of the heat sink, b is the width of the vertical strip-shaped rectangular plate, and c is the width of the horizontal strip-shaped rectangular plate; 0.8n≦e<n, 60mm≦b≦100mm, 60mm≦c≦100mm, 250mm≦a<p, k=n / (x + 1), p=m / (y + 1), q=p, the length of the horizontal strip-shaped electric heating tape is equal to the length e of the heat sink; the distance between the left edge of the photovoltaic module and the left edge of the heat sink is (n - e) / 2, and the distance between the right edge of the photovoltaic module and the right edge of the heat sink is also (n - e) / 2; the thickness of the heat sink is between 0.8mm and 1.5mm; The power supply control circuits of the horizontal strip-shaped electric heating tapes installed on each photovoltaic module are independent of each other.

2. The photovoltaic module heat sink according to claim 1, characterized in that There are four of the vertical strip-shaped rectangular plates.

3. The photovoltaic module heat sink according to claim 1, characterized in that The width of the horizontal strip-shaped electric heating tape is less than the width of the horizontal strip-shaped rectangular plate.

4. The photovoltaic module heat sink according to claim 1, characterized in that The heat sink is an aluminum heat sink.

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