Light-emitting devices and electronic devices including light-emitting devices

Abstract

This application relates to a light-emitting device, including a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, and an intermediate layer between the first and second electrodes, including an emission layer. The emission layer may include a hole transport host, an electron transport host, a sensitizer, and a delayed fluorescence dopant. The hole transport host and the electron transport host may form an exciton complex. The sensitizer may include an organometallic compound. The delayed fluorescence dopant may not contain metal atoms, and the exciton complex may satisfy a specific equation.

Description

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority and benefit to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2020-0117040, filed with the Korean Intellectual Property Office on September 11, 2020, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] The implementation scheme relates to a light-emitting device and an electronic device including the light-emitting device. Background Technology

[0004] The light-emitting device is a self-emitting device, which has a wide viewing angle, high contrast, short response time, and excellent characteristics in terms of brightness, driving voltage and response speed.

[0005] The light-emitting device may include a first electrode on a substrate, and a hole transport region, an emitter layer, an electron transport region, and a second electrode sequentially stacked on the first electrode. Holes supplied by the first electrode can move towards the emitter layer through the hole transport region, and electrons supplied by the second electrode can move towards the emitter layer through the electron transport region. Charge carriers such as holes and electrons recombine in the emitter layer to generate excitons. These excitons transition from an excited state to the ground state, thereby generating light. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The implementation scheme relates to a light-emitting device that can meet specific conditions and an electronic device including the light-emitting device.

[0007] Other aspects will be set forth in part in the description which follows and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practice of embodiments of this disclosure.

[0008] According to the implementation plan, the light-emitting device may include:

[0009] First electrode;

[0010] The second electrode facing the first electrode; and

[0011] An intermediate layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, including an emission layer.

[0012] The emission layer may include a hole transport host, an electron transport host, a sensitizer, and a delayed fluorescence dopant.

[0013] The hole transport host and the electron transport host can form an excitocomplex.

[0014] The sensitizer may include organometallic compounds.

[0015] The delayed fluorescence dopant may not contain metal atoms, and

[0016] The excitocomplex can satisfy Equations 1 and 2:

[0017] [Equation 1]

[0018] ΔE 1CT-3LE =|E( 1 CT)-E( 3 LE)|≥0.06eV

[0019] [Equation 2]

[0020] E( 3 LE)≥E( 3 CT)

[0021] In equations 1 and 2,

[0022] E( 1 CT) represents the singlet charge transfer state of the exosome complex ( 1 The energy level (eV) of CT.

[0023] E( 3 CT) represents the triplet charge transfer state of the excitocomplex (CT). 3 The energy level (eV) of CT, and

[0024] E( 3 LE) represents the triplet locally excited state of the excitocomplex ( 3 The energy level (eV) of LE.

[0025] In the implementation scheme, E( as said excitocomplex) 1 CT) and E( 3 ΔE of the energy gap between CTs CT It can be from about 0.1 electron volts (eV) to about 0.2 eV.

[0026] In the implementation scheme, the delayed fluorescence photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) (Φ) of the exciton complex is... DF ) and transient fluorescence PLQY(Φ PF ) ratio of Φ DF / Φ PF It can be equal to or less than approximately 0.3.

[0027] In an embodiment, the energy level of the triplet locally excited state of the excimer complex may include E1( 3 LE) and E2 3 LE), E1 3 LE)≠E2( 3 LE), E13 E1) can be equal to the triplet energy level (eV) of the hole transport entity, and E2( 3 LE) can be equal to the triplet energy level (eV) of the electron transport body.

[0028] In the implementation plan, E1 ( 3 LE)>E2( 3 LE), and the excitocomplex can satisfy E( 1 CT)-E1( 3 LE)≥0.06eV.

[0029] In the implementation scheme, the excitocomplex can satisfy E( 1 CT)>E( 3 LE).

[0030] In the implementation, the energy level of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the hole transport host and the energy level of the HOMO of the electron transport host can be equal to or greater than about 0.2 eV, and the energy level of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the hole transport host and the energy level of the LUMO of the electron transport host can be equal to or greater than about 0.2 eV.

[0031] In one embodiment, the sensitizer may not emit light, and the delayed fluorescence dopant may emit fluorescence.

[0032] In an embodiment, the light-emitting device can emit blue light with a maximum emission wavelength of about 450 nanometers (nm) to about 470 nm.

[0033] In an implementation scheme, the hole transporter may include a compound containing at least one carbazole group.

[0034] According to the implementation scheme, the electronic device may include the light-emitting device.

[0035] In one embodiment, the electronic device may further include a thin-film transistor. The thin-film transistor may include a source electrode and a drain electrode, and the first electrode of the light-emitting device may be electrically connected to the source electrode or the drain electrode of the thin-film transistor.

[0036] In an implementation scheme, the electronic device may further include a functional layer, which may include a touch screen layer, a polarization layer, a color filter, a color conversion layer, or any combination thereof. Attached Figure Description

[0037] The above and other aspects, features and advantages of certain embodiments of this disclosure will become more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic view of the energy transfer mechanism of the excitocomplex in the light-emitting device according to the implementation scheme;

[0039] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the light-emitting device according to the implementation scheme;

[0040] Figure 3 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electronic device according to the implementation scheme;

[0041] Figure 4 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electronic device according to another embodiment; and

[0042] Figure 5 This is a graph showing the time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) spectra of thin films A, B, C, D, and E. Detailed Implementation

[0043] Reference will now be made in detail to the embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same reference numerals refer to the same elements throughout. In this respect, the embodiments may take different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the description set forth herein. Therefore, the following description of the embodiments is intended to explain aspects of the description only by referring to the accompanying drawings.

[0044] Because the inventive concept allows for various modifications and multiple embodiments, the embodiments will be illustrated in the accompanying drawings and described in detail in the written description. Effects, features, and methods of implementing the inventive concept will become apparent from the embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings. However, the inventive concept can be implemented in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein.

[0045] The inventive concept will be described in detail below by referring to the accompanying drawings and exemplary embodiments thereof.

[0046] In the embodiments described in the specification, expressions such as “a”, “an” and “the” used for the singular are intended to also include the plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0047] In this specification, it should be understood that terms such as “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,” “including,” “have,” “having,” “contains,” “containing,” etc., are intended to indicate the presence of a feature, integer, step, operation, element, component, or combination thereof specified in the specification, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations thereof.

[0048] In the description, it should be understood that when an element (area, layer, section, etc.) is referred to as being "on", "connected to", or "attached to" another element, it may be directly on, directly connected to, or directly attached to the other element, or one or more intermediate elements may be disposed therebetween.

[0049] For ease of explanation, the dimensions of the components in the accompanying drawings may be enlarged. Therefore, since the dimensions and thicknesses of the components in the drawings are arbitrarily illustrated for ease of explanation, the following embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0050] As used herein, the term "intermediate layer" refers to a single layer or all layers located between the first electrode and the second electrode in a light-emitting device.

[0051] As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items. For example, “A and / or B” can be understood to mean “A, B, or A and B”. The terms “and” and “or” can be used in the sense of conjunctions or antonymous conjunctions and can be understood as equivalent to “and / or”.

[0052] For purposes of meaning and interpretation, the term "at least one of..." is intended to include the meaning of "selected from at least one of...". For example, "at least one of A and B" can be understood to mean "A, B, or A and B". When preceding a column of elements, the term "at least one of..." modifies the elements of the entire column but not any individual element in the column.

[0053] It should be understood that although the terms "first," "second," etc., may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used only to distinguish one element from another. For example, without departing from the scope of embodiments of the inventive concept, a first element may be referred to as a second element, and similarly, a second element may be referred to as a first element.

[0054] The terms "below," "down," "above," "up," etc., are used to describe the relationships of the configurations shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are used as relative concepts and are described with reference to the directions indicated in the drawings.

[0055] As used herein, the terms “about” or “approximately” include a specified value and mean within an acceptable range of deviation from the value as determined by a person skilled in the art taking into account the relevant measurements and errors associated with the measurement of the quantity (i.e., limitations of the measurement system). For example, “about” may mean within one or more standard deviations, or within ±20%, ±10%, or ±5% of the specified value.

[0056] Unless otherwise defined or implied herein, all terms used (including technical and scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. It should be further understood that terms (e.g., those defined in common dictionaries) should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant field and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly defined in the specification.

[0057] [ Figure 1 [Description]

[0058] Figure 1 This is a schematic view used to illustrate the energy transfer mechanism of the excitocomplex in a light-emitting device according to an embodiment.

[0059] Hole transporters and electron transporters contained in the emitting layer of a light-emitting device can form excitocomplexes.

[0060] The charge-transfer excited states of excitocomplexes can include singlet and triplet states. For example, excitocomplexes can have a singlet charge-transfer state ( 1 CT) and triplet charge transfer state ( 3 CT). Triplete locally excited states can exist in excitocomplexes (CT). 3 LE), it is different from 3 The triplet state of the CT state. Since a triplet locally excited state can possess the triplet properties of each of the hole transport host and the electron transport host, the excitocomplex can possess a triplet locally excited state with the triplet properties of the hole transport host. 3 The properties of LE (HT host) and triplet state with electron transport host. 3 LE (ET main body).

[0061] exist" 1 In CT, 1 " indicates a singlet state, and in " 3 CT and 3 In "LE",3 "" indicates a triplet state.

[0062] In the implementation scheme, the excitocomplex can satisfy Equation 1:

[0063] [Equation 1]

[0064] ΔE 1CT-3LE =|E( 1 CT)-E( 3 LE)|≥0.06eV

[0065] In Equation 1,

[0066] E( 1 CT) represents the singlet charge transfer state of the excitocomplex (CT) 1 The energy level (eV) of CT, and

[0067] E( 3 LE) represents the triplet locally excited state of the excitocomplex ( 3 The energy level (eV) of LE.

[0068] When the excitocomplex satisfies Equation 1, it can reduce intersystem crossing from singlet excitons. 1 CT state transfer to 3 The probability of the LE state. Therefore, the energy transfer rate from the exciton complex to the sensitizer and / or delayed fluorescence dopant according to the Foster energy transfer mechanism can increase. Therefore, the energy transfer rate from the exciton complex according to the Dexter energy transfer mechanism can decrease.

[0069] For example, when the excitocomplex 1 The redshift of the CT state reduces ΔE. 1CT-3LE At that time, intersystem crossing via singlet excitons may occur. 1 CT state transfer to 3 The LE state, therefore, increases the triplet exciton density. An increase in triplet exciton density can cause degradation of the light-emitting device, for example, leading to a shorter lifespan. In an embodiment, when the exciton complex satisfies the condition ΔE... 1CT-3LE At ≥0.06 eV, the intersystem crossing rate can be relatively slow, thereby increasing the Foster transition probability, and the excitocomplex can have a low triplet exciton density. Therefore, the light-emitting device according to the embodiment can suppress the degradation of device characteristics and has a longer lifespan.

[0070] In the implementation scheme, the excitocomplex can satisfy Equation 2:

[0071] [Equation 2]

[0072] E( 3LE)≥E( 3 CT)

[0073] In Equation 2, E( 3 CT) represents the triplet charge-transfer state of the excitocomplex (CT) 3 The energy level (eV) of CT.

[0074] When the electron transport host has a low triplet energy level, the electron transport host's 3 The LE state energy level may be low, and therefore, the excitocomplex's 3 The CT state energy level may also be low. Therefore, E( 3 CT) can be greater than E( 3 LE). When E( 3 CT) greater than E( 3 When LE), in 3 The triplet exciton in the CT state is transferred to the CT state via an internal transition. 3 The probability of the LE state is likely higher, and therefore, triplet annihilation may be more likely. In the implementation scheme, 1 CT state and 3 The energy gap (ΔE) between CT states CT ) can be increased, and therefore, from 3 CT state to 1 The upconversion rate of the CT state can be low. Therefore, reverse system crossing (RISC) may not occur smoothly. Consequently, the lifetime of the light-emitting device may decrease as the triplet exciton lifetime increases.

[0075] When the excitocomplex satisfies Equation 2, triplet annihilation can be suppressed, and 1 CT state and 3 The energy gap (ΔE) between CT states CT The light source can be small enough. Therefore, RISC can occur efficiently, and thus the light-emitting device can emit fluorescence with high luminescence efficiency.

[0076] In the implementation scheme, the energy levels of the triplet locally excited states of the excitocomplex can have different values ​​of 2 or greater than 2.

[0077] For example, the energy levels of an excitocomplex in a triplet locally excited state can include E1( 3 LE) and E2 3 LE), E1 3 LE)≠E2( 3 LE), E1 3 E1) can be equal to the triplet energy level (eV) of the hole transport module, and E2( 3 LE) can be equal to the triplet energy level (eV) of the electron transport body.

[0078] Since excitocomplexes are excited complexes, they can be formed through physical contact between hole transport hosts and electron transport hosts. Therefore, excitocomplexes can possess triplet states, each exhibiting characteristics of both hole and electron transport hosts. 3 Each energy level of the LE state can vary according to the triplet energy level of each of the hole transport module and the electron transport module, E1( 3 E2) can be essentially the same as the triplet energy level of the hole transport host, and E2) 3 The energy level of LE can be essentially the same as the triplet energy level of the electron transport body.

[0079] In the implementation plan, E1 ( 3 LE) can be greater than E2 ( 3 LE), and the excitocomplex can satisfy E( 1 CT)-E1( 3 LE)≥0.06eV.

[0080] In the implementation scheme, the excitocomplex can satisfy E( 1 CT)>E( 3 LE). When condition E( 1 CT)>E( 3 When LE is used, Foster's energy transfer rate can be increased, thus improving the lifespan of the light-emitting device.

[0081] In the implementation scheme, E( as excitocomplex) 1 CT) and E( 3 ΔE of the energy gap between CTs CT It can be approximately 0.1 eV to approximately 0.2 eV. When ΔE CT Within this range, intersystem crossing of excitocomplexes can occur effectively.

[0082] In the implementation scheme, the delayed fluorescence photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) (Φ) as an exciton complex DF ) and transient fluorescence PLQY(Φ PF ) ratio of Φ DF / Φ PF It can be equal to or less than about 0.3. In an embodiment, each of the delayed fluorescence (PLQY) and transient fluorescence (PLQY) of the excimer complex can be obtained by photoluminescence (PL) and TRPL spectra measured at room temperature from a thin film formed by co-depositing a hole transport host and an electron transport host on a substrate. This measurement can be understood by referring to the description in the examples and evaluation examples.

[0083] In this implementation, the difference between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of the hole transport host contained in the emitter layer and the HOMO energy level of the electron transport host contained in the emitter layer can be equal to or greater than about 0.2 eV, and the difference between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of the hole transport host and the LUMO energy level of the electron transport host can be equal to or greater than about 0.2 eV. When the difference between the HOMO energy levels of the hole transport host and the electron transport host, and the difference between the LUMO energy levels of the hole transport host and the electron transport host, are each within this range, an excitocomplex can be effectively formed.

[0084] In the implementation scheme, the delayed fluorescence dopant in the emission layer can be a compound that satisfies Equation 3:

[0085] [Equation 3]

[0086] ΔE ST =E D (S1)-E D (T1)≤0.2eV

[0087] In Equation 3,

[0088] E D (S1) represents the lowest singlet state energy level (eV) of the delayed fluorescence dopant, and

[0089] E D (T1) represents the lowest triplet energy level (eV) of the delayed fluorescence dopant.

[0090] When the energy difference between the triplet and singlet states of a delayed fluorescent dopant is within this range, an upconversion from the triplet to the singlet state in the delayed fluorescent dopant can occur effectively, thus improving the luminous efficiency of the light-emitting device.

[0091] In the implementation scheme, the light-emitting device can satisfy Equation 4:

[0092] [Equation 4]

[0093] E EX (T1)>E S (T1)>E D (T1)

[0094] In Equation 4,

[0095] E EX (T1) represents the lowest triplet energy level (eV) of the excitocomplex.

[0096] E S (T1) represents the lowest triplet energy level (eV) of the sensitizer, and

[0097] E D (T1) represents the lowest triplet energy level (eV) of the delayed fluorescence dopant.

[0098] When the light-emitting device satisfies Equation 4, reverse energy transfer can be effectively prevented, thereby effectively transferring energy from the exciton complex to the delayed fluorescence dopant.

[0099] The hole transport host, electron transport host, sensitizer, and delayed fluorescence dopant contained in the emitter layer are not particularly limited, provided that each of them satisfies the conditions described above. The hole transport host, electron transport host, sensitizer, and delayed fluorescence dopant contained in the emitter layer will be described in detail below.

[0100] [Hole propagation entity]

[0101] In the implementation scheme, the hole transport host may contain at least one π-electron-rich C3-C 60 Cyclic groups. π-electron-rich C3-C groups. 60 Cyclic groups can be understood by referring to their description provided in this article.

[0102] In an implementation scheme, the hole transport subject may include a compound containing at least one carbazole group.

[0103] In the implementation scheme, the hole transporter may include a compound represented by Formula 1-1 or Formula 1-2:

[0104] [Equation 1-1]

[0105]

[0106] [Equation 1-2]

[0107]

[0108] Among them, in Equations 1-1 and 1-2,

[0109] A 11 To A 14 Each can be C3-C independently. 60 Carbocyclic groups or C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups,

[0110] L 11 To L 14 Each can be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R. 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60Heterocyclic groups,

[0111] a11 to a14 can each be an integer from 0 to 5 independently.

[0112] R 11 To R 16 Each of these groups can be independently hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, unsubstituted, or substituted with at least one R. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 alkyl groups, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 alkenyl groups, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 The alkynyl group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 alkoxy group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 aryloxy group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 Aryl thioyl groups, -Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -N(Q1)(Q2), -B(Q1)(Q2), -C(=O)(Q1), -S(=O)2(Q1) or -P(=O)(Q1)(Q2), and

[0113] b11 to b16, n11 and n12 can each be an integer from 1 to 5 independently.

[0114] R 10a Q1 through Q3 can be understood by referring to their descriptions provided in this article.

[0115] In Equations 1-1 and 1-2, a11 to a14 can respectively represent L 11 To L 14 The quantity. When a11 is 0, (L 11 ) a11 It can be a single bond, when a12 is 0, (L 12 ) a12 It can be a single bond; when a13 is 0, (L 13 ) a13 It can be a single bond, and when a14 is 0, (L 14 ) a14 It can be a single key.

[0116] In the implementation plan, in Equations 1-1 and 1-2, A 11 To A 14 Each can be a phenyl group.

[0117] In the implementation scheme, the hole transporter may include a compound represented by Formula 1-1A:

[0118] [Equation 1-1A]

[0119]

[0120] In Equation 1-1A, L 11 a11, R 12 To R 15 b12 to b15 can be obtained by referring to the L provided in this article. 11 a11, R 12 To R 15 This can be understood by referring to the descriptions in b12 to b15.

[0121] In the implementation plan, in formula 1-1A, *-(L 11 ) a11 -*' represents a group represented by one of the formulas L-1 to L-9:

[0122]

[0123] Among them, in equations L-1 to L-9,

[0124] R 10b and R 10c Each can be independently obtained by referring to the R provided in this article. 10a To understand from the description,

[0125] b16 and b17 can each be an integer from 0 to 4 independently, and

[0126] * and *' each represent a binding site with an adjacent atom.

[0127] In the implementation scheme, the hole transport host may include at least one of compounds HTH1 to HTH9, but the implementation scheme is not limited thereto:

[0128]

[0129] [Electronic transmission entity]

[0130] In the implementation scheme, the electron transport host may be a C1-C group containing at least one nitrogen element lacking π electrons. 60 Compounds with cyclic groups. C1-C compounds containing nitrogen that lacks π electrons. 60Cyclic groups can be understood by referring to their description provided in this article.

[0131] In the implementation scheme, the electron transport host may be a compound containing at least one 6-membered ring of nitrogen with π-deficient electrons.

[0132] In the implementation scheme, the electron transport host may include a compound represented by Formula 2:

[0133] [Equation 2]

[0134]

[0135] In Equation 2,

[0136] X 21 It can be N or C-(L) 24 ) a24 -(R 24 ) b24 X 22 It can be N or C-(L) 25 ) a25 -(R 25 ) b25 And X 23 It can be N or C-(L) 26 ) a26 -(R 26 ) b26 ,

[0137] L 21 To L 26 Each can be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R. 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups,

[0138] a21 to a26 can each be an integer from 0 to 5 independently.

[0139] R 21 To R 26 Each of these groups can be independently hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, unsubstituted, or substituted with at least one R. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 alkyl groups, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 alkenyl groups, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 The alkynyl group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C60 alkoxy group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 aryloxy group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 Aryl thioyl groups, -Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -N(Q1)(Q2), -B(Q1)(Q2), -C(=O)(Q1), -S(=O)2(Q1) or -P(=O)(Q1)(Q2), and

[0140] b21 to b26 can each be an integer from 1 to 5 independently.

[0141] R 10a Q1 through Q3 can be understood by referring to their descriptions provided in this article.

[0142] In Equation 2, a21 to a26 can respectively represent L 21 To L 26 The quantity, and when a21 is 0, (L 21 ) a21 It can be a single bond; when a22 is 0, (L 22 ) a22 It can be a single bond; when a23 is 0, (L 23 ) a23 It can be a single bond; when a24 is 0, (L 24 ) a24 It can be a single bond; when a25 is 0, (L 25 ) a25 It can be a single bond, and when a26 is 0, (L 26 ) a26 It can be a single key.

[0143] In the implementation plan, a21 to a26 can each be 0 or 1 independently.

[0144] In the implementation plan, in Equation 2, L 21 To L 26 Each can be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R. 10a The substituted phenylene groups, and a21 to a26 can each be 0 or 1 independently.

[0145] In the implementation plan, in Equation 2, R 21 To R 26Each can be independent of the following:

[0146] Unsubstituted or substituted C1-C 10 alkyl groups;

[0147] Each of them was not replaced or was replaced by C1-C 10 Alkyl groups, phenyl groups, carbazole groups, -Si(Q) 31 (Q) 32 (Q) 33 ) or any combination thereof substituted with a phenyl group or carbazole group; or

[0148] -Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3),

[0149] Among them, Q1 to Q3 and Q 31 To Q 33 You can refer to Q1 to Q3 and Q provided in this article respectively. 31 To Q 33 To understand this, we need to refer to the description.

[0150] In the implementation scheme, in Equation 2, the number of R in b21 21 The number of R in b22 22 and the number of R in b23 23 At least one of them can be: a C1-C substituted with at least one phenyl group. 10 Alkyl groups; unsubstituted phenyl groups or carbazole groups substituted with phenyl groups, carbazole groups or any combination thereof; or Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3). In embodiments, the number of R in b21 21 The number of R in b22 22 and the number of R in b23 23 At least one of them can be: -C(Ph)3; a phenyl group; a carbazolyl group; a carbazolyl group substituted with a phenyl group or a carbazolyl group; or -Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), where "Ph" represents a phenyl group.

[0151] In the implementation scheme, the electron transport entity may include at least one of compounds ETH1 to ETH13, but the implementation scheme is not limited thereto:

[0152]

[0153] [Sensitizer]

[0154] Sensitizers can include organometallic compounds.

[0155] The sensitizer can be essentially non-emitting light in the emission layer and transfer energy between the host excitocomplex and the delayed fluorescence dopant.

[0156] For example, the singlet exciton of the excitokinetic complex can be transferred to the singlet state of the sensitizer via Foster energy transfer, and the triplet exciton of the excitokinetic complex can be transferred to the triplet state of the sensitizer via Dexter energy transfer.

[0157] Sensitizers can transfer energy to delayed fluorescence dopants. For example, a sensitizer can act as an energy donor, and a delayed fluorescence dopant can act as an energy acceptor. The mechanism by which a sensitizer transfers energy to a delayed fluorescence dopant can include both the Foster energy transfer mechanism and the Dexter energy transfer mechanism. Therefore, energy transfer for emission in the emitter layer can occur efficiently.

[0158] Since singlet excitons are mainly transferred to triplet excitons via intersystem crossing, and triplet excitons can be used for emission due to the heavy atom effect of metal atoms, sensitizers can effectively transfer excitons transferred from excitocomplexes to delayed fluorescence dopants.

[0159] The absolute PLQY of the sensitizer can be equal to or greater than about 80%. For example, the absolute PLQY of the sensitizer can be equal to or greater than about 90%. The absolute PLQY of the sensitizer can be obtained from the PL spectrum of a thin film in which the host material is doped with the sensitizer, measured at room temperature. The measurement of absolute PLQY can be understood by referring to the description of the examples and evaluation examples.

[0160] In the implementation scheme, the sensitizer may include an organometallic compound represented by Formula 3:

[0161] [Formula 3]

[0162]

[0163] In Equation 3,

[0164] M1 can be platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), copper (Cu), silver (Ag), gold (Au), rhodium (Rh), iridium (Ir), ruthenium (Ru), osmium (Os), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu), terbium (Tb), or thulium (Tm).

[0165] Y1 to Y4 can each be C independently.

[0166] A 31 To A 34 Each can be C3-C independently. 60 Carbocyclic groups or C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, B1 to B4, can each be independently selected from chemical bonds, O, and S.

[0167] T1 to T4 can each be independently *-O-*', *-S-*', or *-C(R)'.35 (R) 36 )-*'、*-C(R 35 )=*'、*=C(R 35 )-*'、*-C(R 35 )=C(R 36 )-*', *-C(=O)-*', *-C(=S)-*', *-C≡C-*', *-B(R 35 )-*'、*-N(R 35 )-*'、*-P(R 35 )-*'、*-Si(R 35 (R) 36 )-*'、*-P(=O)(R 35 )-*', or *-Ge(R 35 (R) 36 )-*',

[0168] k1 to k4 can each be an integer from 0 to 3 independently, and the sum of k1 to k4 can be equal to or greater than 3.

[0169] R 31 To R 36 Each of these groups can be independently hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, unsubstituted, or substituted with at least one R. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 alkyl groups, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 alkenyl groups, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 The alkynyl group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 alkoxy group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 aryloxy group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 Aryl thioyl groups, -Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -N(Q1)(Q2), -B(Q1)(Q2), -C(=O)(Q1), -S(=O)2(Q1) or -P(=O)(Q1)(Q2), and

[0170] b31 to b34 can each be an integer from 1 to 5 independently.

[0171] b31 quantity R 31 , b32 quantity R 32 , b33 quantity R 33 , b34 number of R 34 R 35 and R 36 At least two adjacent groups in the [substrate] may optionally be bonded to form an unsubstituted or [substrate] compound by at least one R [substrate]. 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, and

[0172] * and *' each represent a binding site with an adjacent atom.

[0173] R 10a Q1 through Q3 can be understood by referring to their descriptions provided in this article.

[0174] In the implementation plan, A 31 To A 34 At least one of them can be a C1-C site where the site coordinating with metal M1 is a carbene moiety. 60 Heterocyclic groups.

[0175] In the implementation plan, A 31 To A 34 At least one of them can be a group represented by formula 3A-1 or formula 3A-2:

[0176]

[0177] Among them, in Equation 3A-1 and Equation 3A-2,

[0178] R 37 You can refer to R 31 To understand from the description,

[0179] * indicates the binding site with M1, and

[0180] *' indicates a binding site with an adjacent atom.

[0181] In the embodiments, the sensitizer may include at least one of compounds Pt-1 to Pt-16, but the embodiments are not limited thereto:

[0182]

[0183] [Delayed fluorescence dopant]

[0184] Delayed fluorescence dopants can be any suitable compound that emits delayed fluorescence according to the delayed fluorescence emission mechanism.

[0185] When a triplet exciton transitions to a singlet state via RISC, and the singlet exciton transitions to the ground state, a delayed fluorescence dopant can emit delayed fluorescence. Therefore, a delayed fluorescence dopant can theoretically have 100% internal quantum yield.

[0186] For example, a delayed fluorescence dopant can be a thermally activated delayed fluorescence dopant.

[0187] In the implementation, the delayed fluorescence dopant may include: i) containing at least one electron donor (e.g., a π-electron-rich C3-C3). 60 Cyclic groups (e.g., carbazole groups) and at least one electron acceptor (e.g., sulfoxide groups, cyano groups, C1-C groups containing nitrogen lacking π electrons). 60 Materials containing cyclic groups, etc., ii) comprising C8-C alloys containing at least two cyclic groups that are fused together and share boron (B). 60 Materials with polycyclic groups, etc.

[0188] In the implementation scheme, the delayed fluorescence dopant is a fused-ring compound represented by Formula 4:

[0189] [Formula 4]

[0190]

[0191] In Equation 4,

[0192] A 41 To A 43 Each can be C3-C independently. 60 Carbocyclic groups or C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups,

[0193] X 41 It can be C(R) 44 (R) 45 ), N(R 44 ), O or S,

[0194] X 42 It can be C(R) 46 (R) 47 ), N(R 46 ), O or S,

[0195] L 41 To L 43 Each can be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R. 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group.10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups,

[0196] a41 to a43 can each be an integer from 0 to 5 independently.

[0197] R 41 To R 47 Each of these groups can be independently hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, unsubstituted, or substituted with at least one R. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 alkyl groups, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 alkenyl groups, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 The alkynyl group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 alkoxy group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 aryloxy group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 Aryl thioyl groups, -Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -N(Q1)(Q2), -B(Q1)(Q2), -C(=O)(Q1), -S(=O)2(Q1) or -P(=O)(Q1)(Q2), and

[0198] b41 to b43 and n41 to n43 can each be an integer from 1 to 5 independently.

[0199] R 10a Q1 through Q3 can be understood by referring to their descriptions provided in this article.

[0200] In the implementation scheme, the delayed fluorescence dopant can be a fused-ring compound represented by Formula 4-1:

[0201] [Equation 4-1]

[0202]

[0203] In Equation 4-1,

[0204] R 411 To R 414Each can be independently referenced via R. 41 To understand R from the description, 421 To R 424 Each can be independently referenced via R. 42 To understand R from the description, 431 To R 433 Each can be independently referenced via R. 43 To understand from the description, and

[0205] X 41 and X 42 You can refer to the X provided in this article. 41 and X 42 To understand this, we need to refer to the description.

[0206] For example, the delayed fluorescence dopant may include at least one of compounds D1 to D12, but the embodiments are not limited thereto:

[0207]

[0208] Fused ring compounds represented by Formula 4 or Formula 4-1 can be structures in which cyclic groups are fused around a central boron atom. Therefore, the structural flexibility of the compound can be low, and the variation in geometry can be small. Consequently, fused ring compounds can exhibit small Stokes shift characteristics, and thus small full width at half maximum (FWHM). Therefore, compared to light-emitting devices using sensitizers as emission dopants, light-emitting devices using fused ring compounds as emission dopants can have improved chromatic purity and color reproducibility.

[0209] [ Figure 2 [Description]

[0210] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the light-emitting device 10 according to an embodiment. The light-emitting device 10 may include a first electrode 110, an intermediate layer 130, and a second electrode 150.

[0211] In the following text, we will discuss... Figure 2 The structure of the light-emitting device 10 according to the embodiment and the method of manufacturing the light-emitting device 10 according to the embodiment are described.

[0212] [First Electrode 110]

[0213] refer to Figure 2 The substrate may be additionally disposed below the first electrode 110 or on the second electrode 150. The substrate may be a glass substrate or a plastic substrate. The substrate may be a flexible substrate, including plastics with excellent heat resistance and durability, such as polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyarylate (PAR), polyetherimide, or any combination thereof.

[0214] The first electrode 110 can be formed by depositing or sputtering a material for forming the first electrode 110 on a substrate. When the first electrode 110 is an anode, a high work function material that can be easily injected with holes can be used as the material for the first electrode 110.

[0215] The first electrode 110 can be a reflective electrode, a semi-transparent electrode, or a transmissive electrode. When the first electrode 110 is a transmissive electrode, the material used to form the first electrode 110 can be indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), or any combination thereof. In an embodiment, when the first electrode 110 is a semi-transparent electrode or a reflective electrode, magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al-Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg-In), magnesium-silver (Mg-Ag), or any combination thereof can be used as the material for forming the first electrode 110.

[0216] The first electrode 110 may have a single-layer structure consisting of a single layer or a multi-layer structure comprising two or more layers. In an embodiment, the first electrode 110 may have a three-layer structure of ITO / Ag / ITO.

[0217] [Middle Layer 130]

[0218] Intermediate layer 130 may be on first electrode 110. Intermediate layer 130 may include emitter layer.

[0219] The intermediate layer 130 may further include a hole transport region between the first electrode 110 and the emitter layer and an electron transport region between the emitter layer and the second electrode 150.

[0220] In addition to various organic materials, the intermediate layer 130 may further contain metal-containing compounds (e.g., organometallic compounds), inorganic materials (e.g., quantum dots), etc.

[0221] The intermediate layer 130 may include: i) at least two emitting units stacked sequentially between the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 150; and ii) a charge generation layer located between the at least two emitting units. When the intermediate layer 130 includes at least two emitting units and a charge generation layer, the light-emitting device 10 may be a series light-emitting device.

[0222] [Hole transport region in intermediate layer 130]

[0223] Hole transport regions can have: i) a single-layer structure consisting of a single layer of a single material, ii) a single-layer structure consisting of a single layer containing different materials, or iii) a multi-layer structure having multiple layers containing different materials.

[0224] The hole transport region may include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an emission assist layer, an electron blocking layer, or a combination thereof.

[0225] For example, the hole transport region may have a multi-layer structure, such as a hole injection layer / hole transport layer structure, a hole injection layer / hole transport layer / emission auxiliary layer structure, a hole injection layer / emission auxiliary layer structure, a hole transport layer / emission auxiliary layer structure, or a hole injection layer / hole transport layer / electron blocking layer structure, wherein the layers of each structure are stacked on the first electrode 110 in their respective prescribed order.

[0226] The hole transport region may contain a compound represented by Formula 201, a compound represented by Formula 202, or any combination thereof:

[0227] [Formula 201]

[0228]

[0229] [Formula 202]

[0230]

[0231] Among them, in equations 201 and 202,

[0232] L 201 To L 204 Each can be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R. 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups,

[0233] L 205 It can be *-O-*', *-S-*', or *-N(Q) 201 )-*', unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 20 alkylene groups, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 20 alkenyl groups, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, or unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups,

[0234] xa1 to xa4 can each be an integer from 0 to 5 independently.

[0235] xa5 can be an integer from 1 to 10.

[0236] R 201 To R 204 and Q 201 Each can be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R. 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups,

[0237] R 201 and R 202 It can be optionally via a single bond, unsubstituted, or by at least one R 10a Substituted C1-C5 alkylene groups or unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a The substituted C2-C5 alkenyl groups combine with each other to form unsubstituted or substituted groups with at least one R group. 10a Replacement C8-C 60 Polycyclic groups (e.g., carbazole groups, etc.) (e.g., compound HT16 described herein),

[0238] R 203 and R 204 It can be optionally via a single bond, unsubstituted, or by at least one R 10a Substituted C1-C5 alkylene groups or unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a The substituted C2-C5 alkenyl groups combine with each other to form unsubstituted or substituted groups with at least one R group. 10a Replacement C8-C 60 Polycyclic groups, and

[0239] na1 can be an integer from 1 to 4.

[0240] In the embodiments, formulas 201 and 202 may each contain at least one of the groups represented by formulas CY201 to CY217:

[0241]

[0242] In formulas CY201 to CY217, R 10b and R 10c Each can refer to R. 10a To understand from the description, CY 201 To CY 204 Each can be C3-C independently. 20 Carbocyclic groups or C1-C 20 Heterocyclic groups, and at least one hydrogen atom in formulas CY201 to CY217 can be R 10a replace.

[0243] In the implementation plan, in formulas CY201 to CY217, the ring CY 201 To CY 204 Each group can be an independent phenyl group, naphthol group, phenanthrene group, or anthracene group.

[0244] In the embodiments, Formula 201 and Formula 202 may each contain at least one of the groups represented by Formula CY201 to Formula CY203.

[0245] In an embodiment, formula 201 may include at least one of the groups represented by formulas CY201 to CY203 and at least one of the groups represented by formulas CY204 to CY217.

[0246] In the implementation scheme, in equation 201, xa1 can be 1, R 201 It can be a group represented by any of the formulas CY201 to CY203, xa2 can be 0, and R 202 It can be a group represented by formulas CY204 to CY207.

[0247] In the implementation scheme, Formula 201 and Formula 202 may each not contain groups represented by Formulas CY201 to CY203.

[0248] In the embodiments, Formula 201 and Formula 202 may each not contain the groups represented by Formula CY201 to Formula CY203, and may contain at least one of the groups represented by Formula CY204 to Formula CY217.

[0249] In the implementation scheme, formulas 201 and 202 may each not contain groups represented by formulas CY201 to CY217.

[0250] In the implementation scheme, the hole transport region may comprise one or any combination of compounds HT1 to HT44, m-MTDATA, TDATA, 2-TNATA, NPB (NPD), β-NPB, TPD, spiro-TPD, spiro-NPB, methylated-NPB, TAPC, HMTPD, 4,4',4”-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA), polyaniline / dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PANI / DBSA), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT / PSS), polyaniline / camphorsulfonic acid (PANI / CSA), and polyaniline / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI / PSS):

[0251]

[0252]

[0253]

[0254]

[0255] The thickness of the hole transport region can be approximately to approximately For example, the thickness of the hole transport region can be approximately to approximately When the hole transport region includes a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, or any combination thereof, the thickness of the hole injection layer can be approximately to approximately Furthermore, the thickness of the hole transport layer can be approximately to approximately For example, the thickness of the hole injection layer can be approximately to approximately For example, the thickness of the hole transport layer can be approximately to approximately Excellent hole transport characteristics can be obtained without a significant increase in driving voltage when the thickness of the hole transport region, hole injection layer, and hole transport layer are all within these ranges.

[0256] The emission assist layer can increase light emission efficiency by compensating for the optical resonant distance according to the wavelength of the light emitted by the emission layer. The electron blocking layer can reduce or eliminate the flow of electrons from the electron transport region. Both the emission assist layer and the electron blocking layer can contain the aforementioned materials.

[0257] [p-dopant]

[0258] The hole transport region may contain a charge-generating material as well as the aforementioned materials to improve the conductivity of the hole transport region. The charge-generating material may be substantially uniformly or non-uniformly dispersed in the hole transport region (e.g., as a single layer composed of the charge-generating material).

[0259] Charge-generating materials may include, for example, p-dopers.

[0260] In the implementation, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of the p-dopant can be equal to or less than about -3.5 eV.

[0261] In the embodiments, the p-dopant may include quinone derivatives, compounds containing cyano groups, compounds containing elements EL1 and EL2, or any combination thereof.

[0262] Examples of quinone derivatives may include TCNQ, F4-TCNQ, etc.

[0263] Examples of compounds containing a cyano group include HAT-CN and compounds represented by formula 221.

[0264]

[0265] [Equation 221]

[0266]

[0267] In Equation 221,

[0268] R 221 To R 223 Each can be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R. 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, and

[0269] R 221 To R 223 At least one of them can be independently: a C1-C group substituted with a cyano group; -F; -Cl; -Br; -I; or a C1-C group substituted with a cyano group, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, or any combination thereof. 20 Alkyl groups; or C3-C groups substituted with any combination thereof 60 Carbocyclic groups or C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups.

[0270] In compounds containing elements EL1 and EL2, element EL1 can be a metal, a metalloid, or a combination thereof, and element EL2 can be a nonmetal, a metalloid, or a combination thereof.

[0271] Examples of metals may include: alkali metals (e.g., lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), etc.); alkaline earth metals (e.g., beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), etc.); transition metals (e.g., titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), manganese (Mn), technetium (Tc), rhenium (Re), iron (Fe), ruthenium (Ru), osmium (Os), cobalt. (Co), rhodium (Rh), iridium (Ir), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), copper (Cu), silver (Ag), gold (Au), etc.); later transition metals (e.g., zinc (Zn), indium (In), tin (Sn), etc.); lanthanides (e.g., lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), lutetium (Lu), etc.); etc.

[0272] Examples of metalloids can include silicon (Si), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te), etc.

[0273] Examples of nonmetals can include oxygen (O), halogens (e.g., F, Cl, Br, I, etc.).

[0274] For example, compounds containing elements EL1 and EL2 may include metal oxides, metal halides (e.g., metal fluorides, metal chlorides, metal bromides, metal iodides, etc.), quasi-metal halides (e.g., quasi-metal fluorides, quasi-metal chlorides, quasi-metal bromides, quasi-metal iodides, etc.), metal tellurides, or any combination thereof.

[0275] Examples of metal oxides may include tungsten oxides (e.g., WO, W2O3, WO2, WO3, W2O5, etc.), vanadium oxides (e.g., VO, V2O3, VO2, V2O5, etc.), molybdenum oxides (e.g., MoO, Mo2O3, MoO2, MoO3, Mo2O5, etc.), rhenium oxides (e.g., ReO3, etc.), etc.

[0276] Examples of metal halides can include alkali metal halides, alkaline earth metal halides, transition metal halides, post-transition metal halides, lanthanide metal halides, etc.

[0277] Examples of alkali metal halides can include LiF, NaF, KF, RbF, CsF, LiCl, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, CsCl, LiBr, NaBr, KBr, RbBr, CsBr, LiI, NaI, KI, RbI, CsI, etc.

[0278] Examples of alkaline earth metal halide compounds may include BeF2, MgF2, CaF2, SrF2, BaF2, BeCl2, MgCl2, CaCl2, SrCl2, BaCl2, BeBr2, MgBr2, CaBr2, SrBr2, BaBr2, BeI2, MgI2, CaI2, SrI2, BaI2, etc.

[0279] Examples of transition metal halides can include titanium halides (e.g., TiF4, TiCl4, TiBr4, TiI4, etc.), zirconium halides (e.g., ZrF4, ZrCl4, ZrBr4, ZrI4, etc.), hafnium halides (e.g., HfF4, HfCl4, HfBr4, HfI4, etc.), vanadium halides (e.g., VF3, VCl3, VBr3, VI3, etc.), niobium halides (e.g., NbF3, NbCl3, NbBr3, NbI3, etc.), and tantalum halides (e.g., TaF3, TaCl3, T...). (e.g., aBr3, TaI3, etc.) chromium halides (e.g., CrF3, CrCl3, CrBr3, CrI3, etc.), molybdenum halides (e.g., MoF3, MoCl3, MoBr3, MoI3, etc.), tungsten halides (e.g., WF3, WCl3, WBr3, WI3, etc.), manganese halides (e.g., MnF2, MnCl2, MnBr2, MnI2, etc.), technetium halides (e.g., TcF2, TcCl2, TcBr2, TcI2, etc.), rhenium halides (e.g., ReF2, ReCl2, ReBr...) 2. ReI2, etc.), iron halides (e.g., FeF2, FeCl2, FeBr2, FeI2, etc.), ruthenium halides (e.g., RuF2, RuCl2, RuBr2, RuI2, etc.), osmium halides (e.g., OsF2, OsCl2, OsBr2, OsI2, etc.), cobalt halides (e.g., CoF2, CoCl2, CoBr2, CoI2, etc.), rhodium halides (e.g., RhF2, RhCl2, RhBr2, RhI2, etc.), iridium halides (e.g., IrF2, IrCl2, IrB2, etc.). (e.g., r2, IrI2, etc.) Nickel halides (e.g., NiF2, NiCl2, NiBr2, NiI2, etc.) Palladium halides (e.g., PdF2, PdCl2, PdBr2, PdI2, etc.) Platinum halides (e.g., PtF2, PtCl2, PtBr2, PtI2, etc.) Copper halides (e.g., CuF, CuCl, CuBr, CuI, etc.) Silver halides (e.g., AgF, AgCl, AgBr, AgI, etc.) Gold halides (e.g., AuF, AuCl, AuBr, AuI, etc.)

[0280] Examples of post-transition metal halides may include zinc halides (e.g., ZnF2, ZnCl2, ZnBr2, ZnI2, etc.), indium halides (e.g., InI3, etc.), tin halides (e.g., SnI2, etc.), etc.

[0281] Examples of lanthanide metal halides may include YbF, YbF2, YbF3, SmF3, YbCl, YbCl2, YbCl3, SmCl3, YbBr, YbBr2, YbBr3, SmBr3, YbI, YbI2, YbI3, SmI3, etc.

[0282] Examples of metal halide halides can include antimony halides (e.g., SbCl5, etc.).

[0283] Examples of metal tellurides can include alkali metal tellurides (e.g., Li₂Te, Na₂Te, K₂Te, Rb₂Te, Cs₂Te, etc.), alkaline earth metal tellurides (e.g., BeTe, MgTe, CaTe, SrTe, BaTe, etc.), and transition metal tellurides (e.g., TiTe₂, ZrTe₂, HfTe₂, V₂Te₃, Nb₂Te₃, Ta₂Te₃, Cr₂Te₃, Mo₂Te₃, W₂Te₃, MnTe, TcTe, ReTe, F₂Te, etc.). (eTe, RuTe, OsTe, CoTe, RhTe, IrTe, NiTe, PdTe, PtTe, Cu2Te, CuTe, Ag2Te, AgTe, Au2Te, etc.), post-transition metal tellurides (e.g., ZnTe, etc.), lanthanide metal tellurides (e.g., LaTe, CeTe, PrTe, NdTe, PmTe, EuTe, GdTe, TbTe, DyTe, HoTe, ErTe, TmTe, YbTe, LuTe, etc.).

[0284] [Emitting layer in intermediate layer 130]

[0285] When the light-emitting device 10 is a full-color light-emitting device, the emitting layer can be patterned into a red emitting layer, a green emitting layer, and / or a blue emitting layer according to the sub-pixels. In an embodiment, the emitting layer may have a stacked structure. The stacked structure may include two or more layers selected from the red, green, and blue emitting layers. The two or more layers may be in direct contact with each other. In an embodiment, the two or more layers may be separated from each other. In an embodiment, the emitting layer may contain two or more materials. The two or more materials may include a material that emits red light, a material that emits green light, or a material that emits blue light. The two or more materials may be mixed with each other in a single layer. The two or more materials mixed with each other in a single layer may emit white light.

[0286] The emitter layer may contain hole transport entities, electron transport entities, sensitizers, and delayed fluorescence dopants that meet the conditions described herein.

[0287] Based on 100 parts by weight of the main body, the amount of sensitizer in the emission layer can be, for example, from about 1 part by weight to about 30 parts by weight. For example, based on 100 parts by weight of the main body, the amount of sensitizer in the emission layer can be from about 10 parts by weight to about 15 parts by weight.

[0288] Based on 100 parts by weight of the substrate, the amount of delayed fluorescence dopant in the emission layer can be, for example, from about 0.1 parts by weight to about 30 parts by weight. For example, based on 100 parts by weight of the substrate, the amount of delayed fluorescence dopant in the emission layer can be from about 0.2 parts by weight to about 10 parts by weight. For example, based on 100 parts by weight of the substrate, the amount of delayed fluorescence dopant in the emission layer can be from about 0.3 parts by weight to about 1 part by weight.

[0289] The thickness of the emission layer can be approximately to approximately For example, the thickness of the emission layer can be approximately to approximately Improved light emission characteristics can be obtained when the thickness of the emitting layer is within any of these ranges, without a significant increase in driving voltage.

[0290] In the implementation scheme, the emitting layer can emit blue light.

[0291] For example, the emitting layer can emit blue light with a maximum emission wavelength of about 450 nm to about 470 nm.

[0292] [Electron transport region in intermediate layer 130]

[0293] The electron transport region can have: i) a single-layer structure consisting of a single layer of a single material, ii) a single-layer structure consisting of a single layer containing different materials, or iii) a multi-layer structure having multiple layers containing different materials.

[0294] The electron transport region may include a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, an electron transport layer, or an electron injection layer.

[0295] In the implementation scheme, the electron transport region may have an electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, a hole blocking layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, an electron control layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, or a buffer layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, wherein the layers of each structure are stacked on the emitter layer in their respective prescribed order.

[0296] The electron transport region (e.g., a buffer layer, hole blocking layer, electron control layer, or electron transport layer within the electron transport region) may contain C1-C atoms with at least one π-electron-deficient nitrogen atom. 60 Metal-free compounds with cyclic groups.

[0297] In the implementation scheme, the electron transport region may contain a compound represented by formula 601:

[0298] [Formula 601]

[0299] [Ar 601 ] xe11-[(L 601 ) xe1 -R 601 ] xe21

[0300] In Equation 601,

[0301] Ar 601 and L 601 Each can be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R. 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups,

[0302] xe11 can be 1, 2, or 3.

[0303] xe1 can be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5.

[0304] R 601 It can be unsubstituted or replaced by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, -Si(Q) 601 (Q) 602 (Q) 603 -C(=O)(Q) 601 -S(=O)2(Q) 601 ) or -P(=O)(Q 601 (Q) 602 ), Q 601 To Q 603 Each can be understood by referring to the description of Q1 provided in this article.

[0305] xe21 can be 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, and

[0306] Ar 601 L 601 and R 601 At least one of them can be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R. 10a Substituted C1-C nitrogen containing π-electron-deficient atoms 60 Cyclic groups.

[0307] In the implementation scheme, when xe11 in formula 601 is 2 or greater than 2, at least two Ar 601 They can be linked via a single bond.

[0308] In the implementation scheme, in formula 601, Ar 601It can be a substituted or unsubstituted anthracene group.

[0309] In the implementation scheme, the electron transport region may comprise a compound represented by formula 601-1:

[0310] [Formula 601-1]

[0311]

[0312] In Equation 601-1,

[0313] X 614 It can be N or C(R) 614 ), X 615 It can be N or C(R) 615 ), X 616 It can be N or C(R) 616 ), selected from X 614 To X 616 At least one of them can be N,

[0314] L 611 To L 613 Each can refer to the L provided in this article. 601 To understand from the description,

[0315] xe611 to xe613 can each be understood by referring to the description of xe1 provided in this document.

[0316] R 611 To R 613 Each can refer to the R provided in this article. 601 To understand from the description, and

[0317] R 614 To R 616 Each of these can be independently hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, C1-C 20 Alkyl groups, C1-C 20 alkoxy group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups.

[0318] For example, in Equations 601 and 601-1, xe1 and xe611 to xe613 can each be 0, 1 or 2 independently.

[0319] The electron transport region may contain one or any combination of compounds ET1 to ET45, 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), Alq3, BAlq, TAZ, and NTAZ.

[0320]

[0321]

[0322]

[0323] The thickness of the electron transport region can be approximately to approximately For example, the thickness of the electron transport region can be approximately to approximately When the electron transport region includes a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, an electron transport layer, or any combination thereof, the thickness of the buffer layer, hole blocking layer, or electron control layer can be independently approximately [missing information]. to approximately Furthermore, the thickness of the electron transport layer can be approximately to approximately For example, the thickness of the buffer layer, hole blocking layer, or electronic control layer can each be approximately [missing information]. to approximately For example, the thickness of the electron transport layer can be approximately to approximately When the thicknesses of the buffer layer, hole blocking layer, electronic control layer, and / or electron transport layer are each within these ranges, excellent electron transport characteristics can be obtained without a significant increase in driving voltage.

[0324] In addition to the materials described above, the electron transport region (e.g., the electron transport layer in the electron transport region) may further contain a metallic material.

[0325] Metal-containing materials may include alkali metal complexes, alkaline earth metal complexes, or any combination thereof. The metal ions in alkali metal complexes may be lithium (Li) ions, sodium (Na) ions, potassium (K) ions, rubidium (Rb) ions, or cesium (Cs) ions. The metal ions in alkaline earth metal complexes may be beryllium (Be) ions, magnesium (Mg) ions, calcium (Ca) ions, strontium (Sr) ions, or barium (Ba) ions. Each ligand coordinated to the metal ions of the alkali metal complex and alkaline earth metal complex may independently be hydroxyquinoline, hydroxyisoquinoline, hydroxybenzoquinoline, hydroxyacridine, hydroxyphenanthridine, hydroxyphenyloxazole, hydroxyphenylthiazole, hydroxyphenyloxadiazole, hydroxyphenylthiadiazole, hydroxyphenylpyridine, hydroxyphenylbenzimidazole, hydroxyphenylbenzothiazole, bipyridine, phenanthrene, cyclopentadiene, or any combination thereof.

[0326] For example, metal-containing materials may include Li complexes. Li complexes may include, for example, compounds ET-D1 (LiQ) or ET-D2:

[0327]

[0328] The electron transport region may include an electron injection layer that facilitates the injection of electrons from the second electrode 150. The electron injection layer may be in direct contact with the second electrode 150.

[0329] The electron injection layer can have: i) a monolayer structure consisting of a single layer of a single material, ii) a monolayer structure consisting of a single layer containing different materials, or iii) a multilayer structure having multiple layers containing different materials.

[0330] The electron injection layer may contain alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, rare earth metals, alkali metal-containing compounds, alkaline earth metal-containing compounds, rare earth metal-containing compounds, alkali metal complexes, alkaline earth metal complexes, rare earth metal complexes, or any combination thereof.

[0331] Alkali metals can be Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, or any combination thereof. Alkali earth metals can be Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, or any combination thereof. Rare earth metals can be Sc, Y, Ce, Tb, Yb, Gd, or any combination thereof.

[0332] The alkali metal compounds, alkaline earth metal compounds, and rare earth metal compounds can be oxides, halides (e.g., fluorides, chlorides, bromides, or iodides), tellurides, or any combination thereof of each of the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and rare earth metals.

[0333] The alkali metal-containing compound can be an alkali metal oxide (e.g., Li2O, Cs2O or K2O), an alkali metal halide (e.g., LiF, NaF, CsF, KF, LiI, NaI, CsI or KI), or any combination thereof. The alkaline earth metal-containing compound can include an alkaline earth metal oxide, such as BaO, SrO, CaO, Ba x Sr 1-x O (where x is a real number satisfying 0 < x < 1), or Ba x Ca 1-x O (where x is a real number satisfying 0 < x < 1). The rare earth metal-containing compound can include YbF3, ScF3, Sc2O3, Y2O3, Ce2O3, GdF3, TbF3, YbI3, ScI3, TbI3, or any combination thereof. In an embodiment, the rare earth metal-containing compound can include lanthanide metal tellurides. Examples of lanthanide metal tellurides can include LaTe, CeTe, PrTe, NdTe, PmTe, SmTe, EuTe, GdTe, TbTe, DyTe, HoTe, ErTe, TmTe, YbTe, LuTe, La2Te3, Ce2Te3, Pr2Te3, Nd2Te3, Pm2Te3, Sm2Te3, Eu2Te3, Gd2Te3, Tb2Te3, Dy2Te3, Ho2Te3, Er2Te3, Tm2Te3, Yb2Te3, Lu2Te3, etc.

[0334] The alkali metal complex, alkaline earth metal complex and rare earth metal complex can contain: i) one of the ions of the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal and rare earth metal described above, and ii) a ligand bound to the metal ion, for example, hydroxyquinoline, hydroxyisoquinoline, hydroxybenzoquinoline, hydroxyacridine, hydroxyphenanthridine, hydroxyphenyl oxazole, hydroxyphenyl thiazole, hydroxyphenyl oxadiazole, hydroxyphenyl thiadiazole, hydroxyphenyl pyridine, hydroxyphenyl benzimidazole, hydroxyphenyl benzothiazole, bipyridine, phenanthroline, cyclopentadiene, or any combination thereof.

[0335] The electron injection layer can be composed of: an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, rare earth metal, alkali metal-containing compound, alkaline earth metal-containing compound, rare earth metal-containing compound, alkali metal complex, alkaline earth metal complex, rare earth metal complex, or any combination thereof as described above. In an embodiment, the electron injection layer can further contain an organic material (e.g., a compound represented by formula 601).

[0336] In embodiments, the electron-injected layer may consist of: i) an alkali metal-containing compound (e.g., an alkali metal halide), or ii) a) an alkali metal-containing compound (e.g., an alkali metal halide); and b) an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, rare earth metal, or any combination thereof. In embodiments, the electron-injected layer may be a KI:Yb co-deposited layer, an RbI:Yb co-deposited layer, etc.

[0337] When the electron injection layer further contains organic materials, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, rare earth metals, alkali metal-containing compounds, alkaline earth metal-containing compounds, rare earth metal-containing compounds, alkali metal complexes, alkaline earth metal complexes, rare earth metal complexes, or any combination thereof can be uniformly or non-uniformly dispersed in the matrix containing organic materials.

[0338] The thickness of the electron injection layer can be approximately to approximately For example, the thickness of the electron injection layer can be approximately to approximately Excellent electron injection characteristics can be obtained when the thickness of the electron injection layer is within any of these ranges, without a significant increase in driving voltage.

[0339] [Second electrode 150]

[0340] The second electrode 150 may be located on the intermediate layer 130. In one embodiment, the second electrode 150 may serve as a cathode, acting as an electron injection electrode. In this embodiment, the material used to form the second electrode 150 may be a material with a low work function, such as a metal, alloy, conductive compound, or any combination thereof.

[0341] The second electrode 150 may contain lithium (Li), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al-Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg-In), magnesium-silver (Mg-Ag), ytterbium (Yb), silver-ytterbium (Ag-Yb), ITO, IZO, or any combination thereof. The second electrode 150 may be a transmission electrode, a semi-transmission electrode, or a reflection electrode.

[0342] The second electrode 150 may have a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure including two or more layers.

[0343] [Overlay]

[0344] The first cover layer may be located outside the first electrode 110, and / or the second cover layer may be located outside the second electrode 150. In an embodiment, the light-emitting device 10 may have a structure in which the first cover layer, the first electrode 110, the intermediate layer 130, and the second electrode 150 are stacked in this prescribed order, or a structure in which the first cover layer, the first electrode 110, the intermediate layer 130, the second electrode 150, and the second cover layer are stacked in this prescribed order.

[0345] In the light-emitting device 10, light emitted from the emitting layer in the intermediate layer 130 can be transmitted through the first electrode 110 (which may be a semi-transparent electrode or a transmissive electrode) and through the first cover layer to the outside. In the light-emitting device 10, light emitted from the emitting layer in the intermediate layer 130 can be transmitted through the second electrode 150 (which may be a semi-transparent electrode or a transmissive electrode) and through the second cover layer to the outside.

[0346] The first and second capping layers can improve the external luminescence efficiency based on the principle of constructive interference. Therefore, the optical extraction efficiency of the light-emitting device 10 can be increased, thereby improving the luminescence efficiency of the light-emitting device 10.

[0347] The first and second capping layers may each contain a material having a refractive index equal to or greater than about 1.6 (at 589 nm).

[0348] The first and second covering layers can each be independently an organic covering layer containing organic materials, an inorganic covering layer containing inorganic materials, or a composite covering layer containing both organic and inorganic materials.

[0349] At least one of the first and second capping layers may independently comprise a carbocyclic compound, a heterocyclic compound, an amine-containing compound, a porphyrin derivative, a phthalocyanine derivative, a naphthylphthalocyanine derivative, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth metal complex, or any combination thereof. The carbocyclic compound, heterocyclic compound, and amine-containing compound may optionally be substituted with substituents of O, N, S, Se, Si, F, Cl, Br, I, or any combination thereof. In an embodiment, at least one of the first and second capping layers may independently comprise an amine-containing compound.

[0350] In the implementation scheme, at least one of the first capping layer and the second capping layer may each independently contain a compound represented by formula 201, a compound represented by formula 202, or any combination thereof.

[0351] In the implementation scheme, at least one of the first capping layer and the second capping layer may each independently contain one of compounds HT28 to HT33, one of compounds CP1 to CP6, β-NPB, or any combination thereof:

[0352]

[0353] According to the embodiments, the electronic device may include a light-emitting device. The electronic device may further include a thin-film transistor (TFT), which in an embodiment includes a source electrode and a drain electrode, and a first electrode of the light-emitting device may be electrically connected to the source electrode or the drain electrode. The electronic device may further include a functional layer, which includes a touchscreen layer, a polarizing layer, a color filter, a color conversion layer, or any combination thereof. The electronic device can be understood by referring to the description of the electronic device provided herein.

[0354] [Electronic Devices]

[0355] Electronic devices that include light-emitting devices can be either emitting devices or verification devices.

[0356] In addition to the light-emitting device, the electronic device (e.g., the emitting device) may further include i) a color filter, ii) a color conversion layer, or iii) a color filter and a color conversion layer. The color filter and / or color conversion layer may be positioned in at least one direction of travel of the light emitted from the light-emitting device. For example, the light emitted from the light-emitting device may be blue light or white light. The light-emitting device can be understood by referring to the description provided herein. In embodiments, the color conversion layer may comprise quantum dots. The quantum dots may be, for example, quantum dots commonly used in the art.

[0357] An electronic device may include a first substrate. The first substrate may include sub-pixels, color filters may include color filter regions corresponding to the sub-pixels, and color conversion layers may include color conversion regions corresponding to the sub-pixels.

[0358] A pixel-defining membrane can be located between sub-pixels to define each sub-pixel.

[0359] The color filter may further include a color filter region and a light-blocking pattern between the color filter regions, and the color conversion layer may further include a color conversion region and a light-blocking pattern between the color conversion regions.

[0360] A color filter region (or color conversion region) may include: a first region emitting a first color light; a second region emitting a second color light; and / or a third region emitting a third color light, wherein the first color light, the second color light, and / or the third color light may have different maximum emission wavelengths. In an embodiment, the first color light may be red light, the second color light may be green light, and the third color light may be blue light. In an embodiment, each of the color filter regions (or color conversion regions) may contain quantum dots. In an embodiment, the first region may contain red quantum dots, the second region may contain green quantum dots, and the third region may not contain quantum dots. Quantum dots can be understood by referring to quantum dots commonly known in the art. The first region, the second region, and / or the third region may each further contain an emitter.

[0361] In one embodiment, the light-emitting device can emit a first light, a first region can absorb the first light to emit color 1-1 light, a second region can absorb the first light to emit color 2-1 light, and a third region can absorb the first light to emit color 3-1 light. In this embodiment, the color 1-1 light, color 2-1 light, and color 3-1 light can each have a different maximum emission wavelength. In another embodiment, the first light can be blue light, the color 1-1 light can be red light, the color 2-1 light can be green light, and the color 3-1 light can be blue light.

[0362] In addition to the light-emitting device, the electronic device may further include a thin-film transistor. The thin-film transistor may include a source electrode, a drain electrode, and an active layer, wherein one of the source electrode and the drain electrode may be electrically connected to one of the first and second electrodes of the light-emitting device.

[0363] Thin-film transistors may further include gate electrodes, gate insulating films, etc.

[0364] The active layer can contain crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, organic semiconductors, and oxide semiconductors.

[0365] The electronic device may further include an encapsulation unit for sealing the light-emitting device. The encapsulation unit may be located between the color filter and / or color conversion layer and the light-emitting device. The encapsulation unit may allow light to pass from the light-emitting device to the outside while preventing air and moisture from penetrating into the light-emitting device. The encapsulation unit may be a sealing substrate comprising a transparent glass or plastic substrate. The encapsulation unit may be a thin-film encapsulation layer comprising at least one of an organic layer and / or an inorganic layer. When the encapsulation unit is a thin-film encapsulation layer, the electronic device may be flexible.

[0366] In addition to color filters and / or color conversion layers, various functional layers can be incorporated into the package unit, depending on the intended use of the electronic device. Examples of functional layers may include a touchscreen layer, a polarization layer, etc. A touchscreen layer may be a resistive touchscreen layer, a capacitive touchscreen layer, or an infrared beam touchscreen layer. Verification devices may be, for example, biometric verification devices that identify individuals based on biometric information (e.g., fingertip, pupil, etc.).

[0367] In addition to the light-emitting device described above, the verification device may further include a biometric information collection unit.

[0368] Electronic devices can be used in various displays, light sources, lighting equipment, personal computers (e.g., mobile personal computers), mobile phones, digital cameras, electronic notebooks, electronic dictionaries, video game consoles, medical devices (e.g., electronic thermometers, blood pressure monitors, blood glucose meters, pulse measuring devices, pulse wave measuring devices, electrocardiogram recorders, ultrasound diagnostic devices, endoscopic display devices), fish finders, various measuring devices, instruments (e.g., instruments for vehicles, aircraft, and ships), and projectors.

[0369] [ Figure 3 and Figure 4 [Description]

[0370] Figure 3 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electronic device (e.g., a transmitting device) according to an implementation scheme.

[0371] Figure 3 The emitting device may include a substrate 100, a thin-film transistor, a light-emitting device, and a packaging unit 300 that seals the light-emitting device.

[0372] The substrate 100 may be a flexible substrate, a glass substrate, or a metal substrate. A buffer layer 210 may be on the substrate 100. The buffer layer 210 can prevent impurities from penetrating through the substrate 100 and provides a flat surface on the substrate 100.

[0373] The thin-film transistor can be on the buffer layer 210. The thin-film transistor may include an active layer 220, a gate electrode 240, a source electrode 260, and a drain electrode 270.

[0374] The active layer 220 may contain inorganic semiconductors (such as silicon or polysilicon), organic semiconductors or oxide semiconductors, and includes a source region, a drain region and a channel region.

[0375] The gate insulating film 230 used to insulate the active layer 220 and the gate electrode 240 can be on the active layer 220, and the gate electrode 240 can be on the gate insulating film 230.

[0376] Interlayer insulating film 250 may be on gate electrode 240. Interlayer insulating film 250 may be between gate electrode 240 and source electrode 260 and between gate electrode 240 and drain electrode 270 to provide insulation therebetween.

[0377] The source electrode 260 and the drain electrode 270 may be on the interlayer insulating film 250. The interlayer insulating film 250 and the gate insulating film 230 may be formed to expose the source region and the drain region of the active layer 220, and the source electrode 260 and the drain electrode 270 may be adjacent to the exposed source region and the exposed drain region of the active layer 220.

[0378] Such thin-film transistors can be electrically connected to a light-emitting device to drive the light-emitting device, and can be protected by a passivation layer 280. The passivation layer 280 may include an inorganic insulating film, an organic insulating film, or a combination thereof. The light-emitting device may be located on the passivation layer 280. The light-emitting device may include a first electrode 110, an intermediate layer 130, and a second electrode 150.

[0379] The first electrode 110 may be on the passivation layer 280. The passivation layer 280 may not completely cover the drain electrode 270 and may expose a specific area of ​​the drain electrode 270, and the first electrode 110 may be configured to be electrically connected to the exposed drain electrode 270.

[0380] A pixel-defining film 290 may be present on the first electrode 110. The pixel-defining film 290 may expose a specific area of ​​the first electrode 110, and an intermediate layer 130 may be formed in the exposed area. The pixel-defining film 290 may be a polyimide or polyacrylamide organic film. Although Figure 3 Although not shown in the diagram, some of the higher layers of the intermediate layer 130 may extend to the upper part of the pixel-defining film 290 and may be set as a common layer.

[0381] The second electrode 150 may be on the intermediate layer 130, and a capping layer 170 may be additionally formed on the second electrode 150. The capping layer 170 may be formed to cover the second electrode 150.

[0382] The encapsulation unit 300 may be on the cover layer 170. The encapsulation unit 300 may be on the light-emitting device to protect it from moisture or oxygen. The encapsulation unit 300 may include: a silicon nitride (SiN) enclosure. x ), silicon oxide (SiO) xInorganic membranes comprising indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, or any combination thereof; organic membranes comprising polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyethylene sulfonate, polyoxymethylene, polyarylate, hexamethyldisiloxane, acrylic resins (e.g., polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylic acid, etc.), epoxy resins (e.g., aliphatic glycidyl ether (AGE), etc.) or any combination thereof; or combinations of inorganic and organic membranes.

[0383] Figure 4 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of another electronic device (e.g., a transmitting device) according to the implementation scheme.

[0384] Figure 4 The transmitting device shown can be connected with Figure 3 The emitting device shown is essentially the same, but the light-shielding pattern 500 and functional area 400 are additionally located on the packaging unit 300. The functional area 400 can be i) a color filter area, ii) a color conversion area, or iii) a combination of a color filter area and a color conversion area. In the embodiment, it is included in the emitting device... Figure 4 The light-emitting device shown can be a series light-emitting device.

[0385] [Manufacturing Method]

[0386] The layers constituting the hole transport region, the emitter layer, and the electron transport region can be formed in specific regions using one or more suitable methods (e.g., vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) deposition, inkjet printing, laser printing, and laser-induced thermal imaging).

[0387] When layers constituting the hole transport region, the emitter layer, and the electron transport region are formed by vacuum deposition, the deposition temperature can be from about 100°C to about 500°C, depending on the material to be included in each layer and the structure of each layer to be formed, and the deposition time can be from about 10°C to about 500°C. -8 To about 10 -3 The vacuum level of Torr and the velocity of approximately 0.01 angstroms per second. to approximately Vacuum deposition was performed at a deposition rate of [a certain value].

[0388] [Definition of the term]

[0389] As used in this article, the term "C3-C" 60 A "carbocyclic group" refers to a cyclic group consisting only of carbon and hydrogen atoms and having 3 to 60 carbon atoms (e.g., 3 to 30, 3 to 24, or 3 to 18 carbon atoms). As used herein, the term "C1-C..." 60A "heterocyclic group" is a cyclic group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms (e.g., 1 to 30, 1 to 24, or 1 to 18 carbon atoms) in addition to heteroatoms (e.g., 1 to 5 or 1 to 3 heteroatoms, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 heteroatoms). C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups and C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups can be monocyclic groups, each consisting of a single ring, or polycyclic groups in which at least two rings are fused together. For example, C1-C 60 The number of cyclic atoms in a heterocyclic group can be from 3 to 61.

[0390] As used herein, the term "cyclic group" can include C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups and C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups.

[0391] The term "π-electron-rich C3-C" 60 A "cyclic group" refers to a cyclic group having 3 to 60 carbon atoms (e.g., 3 to 30, 3 to 24, or 3 to 18 carbon atoms) and not containing *-N=*' as a cyclic moiety. As used herein, "C1-C containing π-electron-deficient nitrogen" is also an example. 60 "Cyclic group" refers to a heterocyclic group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms (e.g., 1 to 30, 1 to 24 or 1 to 18 carbon atoms) and *-N=*' as the cyclic part.

[0392] In the implementation plan,

[0393] C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group can be i) a T1 group, or ii) a group in which at least two T1 groups are fused together (e.g., cyclopentadienyl group, adamantyl group, norbornel group, phenyl group, pentanene group, naphthyl group, chamomile ring group, indole group, acenaphthene group, phenanthrene group, phenanthrene group, anthracene group, fluoranthene group, benzo[a]phenanthrene group, pyrene group, etc.). Groups, perylene groups, pentaphenyl groups, heptadiene groups, tetraphenyl groups, styrene groups, hexaphenyl groups, pentaphenyl groups, rutin groups, argentinium groups, ovoid groups, indene groups, fluorene groups, spiro-difluorene groups, benzo[a]fluorene groups, ind[a]phenanthrene groups, or ind[a]anthracene groups),

[0394] C1-C 60The heterocyclic group can be i) a T2 group, ii) a group wherein at least two T2 groups are fused together, or iii) a group wherein at least one T2 group is fused with at least one T1 group (e.g., pyrrole group, thiophene group, furan group, indole group, benzoindole group, naphthoindole group, isoindole group, benzoisoindole group, naphthoisoindole group, benzothiophene group, benzofuran group, carbazole group, dibenzothiophene group, dibenzothiophene group, dibenzofuran group, indolecarbazole group, indolecarbazole group, benzofuran-dibenzofuran group, benzothiophenecarbazole group, benzothiophenecarbazole group, benzoindolecarbazole group, benzocarbazole group, benzonaphthiophene group, benzonaphthiophene group, benzofuran-dibenzofuran group, benzofuran-dibenzothiophene group, benzene Benzethion, dibenzothiophene group, pyrazole group, imidazole group, triazole group, oxazole group, isoxazole group, oxadiazole group, thiazole group, isothiazole group, thiaazole group, thiadiazole group, benzopyrazole group, benzimidazole group, benzoxazole group, benziisoxazole group, benzothiazole group, benziisothiazole group, pyridine group, pyrimidine group, pyrazine group, pyridazine group, triazine group, quinoline group, isoquinoline group, benzoquinoline Groups, including benzo[i]isoquinoline group, quinoxaloline group, benzo[i]quinoxaloline group, quinazoline group, benzo[i]quinazoline group, phenanthrene group, cyclophosphine group, phthalazine group, naphthidine group, imidazo[i]pyridine group, imidazo[i]pyrimidine group, imidazo[i]triazine group, imidazo[i]pyrazine group, imidazo[i]pyridazine group, azacarbazole group, azafluorene group, azadibenzothiophene group, azadibenzo[i]thiophene group, azadibenzofuran group, etc.

[0395] C3-C rich in π electrons 60 The cyclic group can be i) a T1 group, ii) a fused group wherein at least two T1 groups are fused, iii) a T3 group, iv) a fused group wherein at least two T3 groups are fused, or v) a fused group wherein at least one T3 group is fused with at least one T1 group (e.g., C3-C). 60 Carbocyclic groups, pyrrole groups, thiophene groups, furan groups, indole groups, benzoindole groups, naphthoindole groups, isoindole groups, benzoisoindole groups, naphthoisoindole groups, benzothiophene groups, benzofuran groups, carbazole groups, dibenzothiophene groups, dibenzofuran groups, indole-carbazole groups, indole-carbazole groups, benzofuran-carbazole groups, benzothiophene-carbazole groups, benzothiophene-carbazole groups, benzoindole-carbazole groups, benzocarbazole groups, benzonaphthofuran groups, benzonaphthothiophene groups, benzonaphthothiophene groups, benzofuran-dibenzofuran groups, benzofuran-dibenzothiophene groups, benzothiophene-dibenzothiophene groups, etc.), and

[0396] C1-C containing nitrogen lacking π electrons 60 The cyclic group can be i) a T4 group, ii) a group wherein at least two T4 groups are fused together, iii) a group wherein at least one T4 group is fused with at least one T1 group, iv) a group wherein at least one T4 group is fused with at least one T3 group, or v) a group wherein at least one T4 group, at least one T1 group, and at least one T3 group are fused together (e.g., pyrazole group, imidazole group, triazole group, oxazole group, isoxazole group, oxadiazole group, thiazole group, isothiazole group, thiazolidinazole group, benzo[a]pyrazole group, benzimidazole group, benzo[a]oxazole group, benzimidazole group, benzo[a]iso[a]pyr ... Oxazole group, benzothiazole group, benzoisothiazole group, pyridine group, pyrimidine group, pyrazine group, pyridazine group, triazine group, quinoline group, isoquinoline group, benzoquinoline group, benzoisoquinoline group, quinoxaline group, benzoquinoxaline group, quinazoline group, benzoquinazoline group, phenanthrene group, cinnamyl group, phthalazine group, naphthidine group, imidazopyridine group, imidazopyrimidine group, imidazotriazine group, imidazopyrazine group, imidazopyridazine group, azacarbazole group, azafluorene group, azadibenzothiophene group, azadibenzothiophene group, azadibenzofuran group, etc.

[0397] Wherein the T1 group can be a cyclopropane group, a cyclobutane group, a cyclopentane group, a cyclohexane group, a cycloheptane group, a cyclooctane group, a cyclobutene group, a cyclopentene group, a cyclopentadiene group, a cyclohexene group, a cyclohexadiene group, a cycloheptene group, adamantane group, norbornane (or bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane) group, a norbornene group, a bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane group, a bicyclo[2.1.1]hexane group, a bicyclo[2.2.2]octane group, or a phenyl group.

[0398] The T2 group can be a furan group, thiophene group, 1H-pyrrole group, thiorrole group, borocyclopentadienyl group, 2H-pyrrole group, 3H-pyrrole group, imidazole group, pyrazole group, triazole group, tetraazole group, oxazole group, isoxazole group, oxadiazole group, thiazole group, isothiazole group, thiadiazole group, azathirrole group, azaboracyclopentadienyl group, pyridine group, pyrimidine group, pyrazine group, pyridazine group, triazine group, or tetraazine group.

[0399] The T3 group can be a furan group, a thiophene group, a 1H-pyrrole group, a thiophene group, or a borocyclopentadiene group, and

[0400] The T4 group can be a 2H-pyrrole group, a 3H-pyrrole group, an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a triazole group, a tetraazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, an oxadiazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, a thiadiazole group, an azathiazole group, an azaboranecyclopentadiene group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, or a tetraazine group.

[0401] The structure of the formula depends on the application terminology, such as the terms "cyclic group" and "C3-C" used in this paper. 60 "Carbon ring group", "C1-C" 60 Heterocyclic groups, π-electron-rich C3-C 60 "Cyclic group" or "C1-C containing nitrogen lacking π electrons" 60 "Cyclic group" can be a group fused with any suitable cyclic group, a monovalent group, or a polyvalent group (e.g., a divalent group, a trivalent group, a tetravalent group, etc.). For example, "phenyl group" can be a benzo[a] group, a phenyl group, a phenylene group, etc., and depends on the structure of the formula including "phenyl group", as will be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0402] Unit price C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups and monovalent C1-C 60 Examples of heterocyclic groups may include C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl groups, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl groups, C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl groups, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl groups, C6-C 60 aryl group, C1-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups, and monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups. Divalent C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups and divalent C1-C 60 Examples of heterocyclic groups may include C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl groups, C1-C 10 heterocyclic alkyl groups, C3-C 10 Cycloalkylene groups, C1-C 10 heterocyclic alkenyl groups, C6-C 60 arylene groups, C1-C 60 Hypoaryl groups, divalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups, and divalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups.

[0403] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 60"Alkyl group" refers to a monovalent group of a straight-chain or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon having 1 to 60 carbon atoms, and examples include methyl groups, ethyl groups, n-propyl groups, isopropyl groups, n-butyl groups, sec-butyl groups, isobutyl groups, tert-butyl groups, n-pentyl groups, tert-pentyl groups, neopentyl groups, isopentyl groups, sec-pentyl groups, 3-pentyl groups, sec-isopentyl groups, n-hexyl groups, isohexyl groups, sec-hexyl groups, tert-hexyl groups, n-heptyl groups, isohexyl groups, sec-heptyl groups, tert-heptyl groups, n-octyl groups, isooctyl groups, sec-octyl groups, tert-octyl groups, n-nonyl groups, isononyl groups, sec-nonyl groups, tert-nonyl groups, n-decyl groups, isodel groups, sec-decyl groups, and tert-decyl groups. In some embodiments, C1-C 60 Alkyl groups can be C1-C 30 Alkyl groups, C1-C 20 alkyl groups or C1-C 10 Alkyl groups. As used in this document, "C1-C..." 60 "alkylene group" refers to a group that has a C1-C2 bond structure. 60 Divalent groups with the same structure as alkyl groups.

[0404] As used in this article, the term "C2-C" 60 "Alkenyl group" refers to the group located at C2-C. 60 The alkyl group has at least one carbon-carbon double bond at its middle or end. Examples include vinyl groups, propenyl groups, and butenyl groups. In some embodiments, C2-C 60 The alkenyl group can be C2-C 30 alkenyl groups, C2-C 20 alkenyl groups or C2-C 10 Alkenyl group. As used in this article, "C2-C" 60 "Ideinyl group" refers to a group that has a C2-C... 60 Divalent groups with the same structure as alkenyl groups.

[0405] As used in this article, the term "C2-C" 60 "Alkyne group" refers to the group located at C2-C. 60 The alkyl group is a monovalent hydrocarbon group having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond at its middle or end. Examples include ethynyl and propynyl groups. In some embodiments, C2-C 60 The alkynyl group can be C2-C 30 alkynyl group, C2-C 20 alkynyl group or C2-C 10 Alkynyl group. As used in this article, "C2-C" 60 "Imyynyl group" refers to a group that has a C2-C... 60A divalent group with the same structure as the alkynyl group.

[0406] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 60 "Alkoxy group" refers to the group consisting of -OA 101 (where A) 101 It is C1-C 60 Alkyl groups are monovalent groups. Examples include methoxy, ethoxy, and isopropoxy groups.

[0407] As used in this article, the term "C3-C" 10 "Cycloalkyl group" refers to a monocyclic cyclic group of a monovalent saturated hydrocarbon containing 3 to 10 carbon atoms. For example, the C3-C group used in this article... 10 Examples of cycloalkyl groups include cyclopropyl groups, cyclobutyl groups, cyclopentyl groups, cyclohexyl groups, cycloheptyl groups, cyclooctyl groups, adamantyl groups, norbornel alkyl (bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl) groups, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl groups, bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl groups, or bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl groups. As used herein, the term "C3-C" is also relevant. 10 "Cycloalkylene group" refers to a group that has a C3-C6 bond structure. 10 A divalent group with the same structure as a cycloalkyl group.

[0408] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 10 "Heterocyclic alkyl group" refers to a monovalent cyclic group containing at least one heteroatom other than a carbon atom (e.g., 1 to 5 or 1 to 3 heteroatoms, such as 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 heteroatoms) as a cyclic atom and having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. Examples include 1,2,3,4-oxatriazole alkyl groups, tetrahydrofuranyl groups, and tetrahydrothiophenyl groups. The term "C1-C" is used herein. 10 "Heterocyclic alkyl groups" refers to groups with C1-C2 groups. 10 Divalent groups with the same structure as heterocyclic alkyl groups.

[0409] As used in this article, the term "C3-C" 10 A "cycloalkenyl group" refers to a non-aromatic monovalent cyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and at least one carbon-carbon double bond in its ring. Examples include cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, and cycloheptenyl groups. As used herein, the term "C3-C..." 10 "Iridyl group" refers to a group that has a C3-C6 bond structure. 10 A divalent group with the same structure as the cycloalkenyl group.

[0410] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 10A "heterocyclic alkenyl group" refers to a monovalent cyclic group containing at least one heteroatom (e.g., 1 to 5 or 1 to 3 heteroatoms, such as 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 heteroatoms) other than carbon atoms as cyclic atoms, 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and at least one double bond. C1-C 10 Examples of heterocyclic alkenyl groups include 4,5-dihydro-1,2,3,4-oxarizolyl, 2,3-dihydrofuranyl, and 2,3-dihydrothiophenyl groups. As used herein, the term "C1-C..." 10 "Heterocyclic alkenyl group" refers to a group that has a C1-C2 bond structure. 10 A divalent group with the same structure as a heterocyclic alkenyl group.

[0411] As used in this article, the term "C6-C" 60 "Aryl group" refers to a monovalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system containing 6 to 60 carbon atoms. For example, the term "C6-C" as used herein... 60 "Aromatic group" refers to a divalent group that has a carbocyclic aromatic system containing 6 to 60 carbon atoms. (C6-C) 60 Examples of aryl groups include phenyl groups, pentanenyl groups, naphthyl groups, chamomile cycloyl groups, indoleyl groups, acenaphthenic groups, phenanthreneyl groups, anthraceneyl groups, fluoranthraceneyl groups, benzo[a]phenanthreneyl groups, and pyreneyl groups. The compounds include alkyl groups, perylyl groups, pentaphenyl groups, heptalenyl groups, tetraphenyl groups, arbutinyl groups, hexaphenyl groups, pentaphenyl groups, rutinyl groups, keratinyl groups, and ovoidyl groups. In some embodiments, C6-C... 60 The aryl group can be C6-C. 30 aryl group, C6-C 24 aryl group or C6-C 18 Aryl group. When C6-C 60 aryl groups and C6-C 60 When each aryl group independently comprises two or more rings, the individual rings can be joined together.

[0412] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 60 "Heteroaryl group" refers to a monovalent group having a heterocyclic aromatic system having at least one heteroatom (e.g., 1 to 5 or 1 to 3 heteroatoms, e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 heteroatoms) and 1 to 60 carbon atoms as cyclic atoms. The term "C1-C" is used herein. 60A "hybrid aryl group" refers to a divalent group having a heterocyclic aromatic system comprising at least one heteroatom (e.g., 1 to 5 or 1 to 3 heteroatoms, such as 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 heteroatoms) and 1 to 60 carbon atoms as cyclic atoms. C1-C 60 Examples of heteroaryl groups include pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, benzo[a]quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzo[a]isoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, benzo[a]quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, benzo[a]quinazolinyl, cyclophosphine, phenanthrolinel, phthalazinyl, and naphthidyl groups. In some embodiments, C1-C 60 The heteroaryl group can be C1-C 30 heteroaryl groups, C1-C 24 heteroaryl groups or C1-C 18 heteroaryl groups. When C1-C 60 heteroaryl groups and C1-C 60 When each heteroaryl group independently comprises two or more rings, the individual rings can be joined together.

[0413] As used herein, the term "monovalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic group" refers to a monovalent group having two or more fused rings and with only carbon atoms (e.g., 8 to 60 carbon atoms, such as 8 to 30, 8 to 24, or 8 to 18 carbon atoms) as cyclic atoms, wherein the molecular structure is nonaromatic when considered as a whole. Examples of monovalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic groups include indenyl groups, fluorenyl groups, spiro-difluorenyl groups, benzo[a]fluorenyl groups, indo[a]phenanthrene groups, and indo[a]anthrayl groups. As used herein, the term "divalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic group" refers to a divalent group having a structure substantially the same as that of a monovalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic group.

[0414] As used herein, the term "monovalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic group" refers to a monovalent group having two or more fused rings and having at least one heteroatom (e.g., 1 to 5 or 1 to 3 heteroatoms, e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 heteroatoms) as a cyclic atom in addition to carbon atoms (e.g., 1 to 60 carbon atoms, such as 1 to 30, 1 to 24 or 1 to 18 carbon atoms), wherein the molecular structure is nonaromatic when considered as a whole. Examples of monovalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic groups include aziradane groups and 9H-xanthonyl groups. As used herein, the term "divalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic group" refers to a divalent group having a structure substantially the same as that of a monovalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic group.

[0415] As used in this article, the term "C6-C" 60The aryloxy group is composed of -OA 102 (where A) 102 It is C6-C 60 (Aromatic group) is used as a designation. For example, the term "C6-C" is used herein. 60 "Aryl thioyl group" is composed of -SA 103 (where A) 103 It is C6-C 60 (Aromatic group) is used to indicate this.

[0416] As used in this article, the term "R" 10a "Could be:

[0417] Deuterium (-D), -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group or nitro group;

[0418] Each of the following is an unsubstituted or replaced group: -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, C6-C 60 aryloxy group, C6-C 60 aryl thioyl groups, -Si(Q) 11 (Q) 12 (Q) 13 -N(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -B(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -C(=O)(Q) 11 -S(=O)2(Q) 11 -P(=O)(Q) 11 (Q) 12 C1-C substituted by (or any combination thereof) 60 Alkyl groups, C2-C 60 alkenyl groups, C2-C 60 alkynyl group or C1-C 60 Alkoxy group;

[0419] Each of the following groups is unsubstituted or replaced: -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, C1-C 60 Alkyl groups, C2-C 60 alkenyl groups, C2-C 60 alkynyl group, C1-C 60 alkoxy group, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, C6-C 60 aryloxy group, C6-C 60 aryl thioyl groups, -Si(Q) 21 (Q)22 (Q) 23 -N(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -B(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -C(=O)(Q) 21 -S(=O)2(Q) 21 -P(=O)(Q) 21 (Q) 22 C3-C substituted by any combination thereof 60 Carbocyclic groups, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, C6-C 60 aryloxy group or C6-C 60 aryl thioyl group; or

[0420] -Si(Q 31 (Q) 32 (Q) 33 -N(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -B(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -C(=O)(Q) 31 -S(=O)2(Q) 31 ) or -P(=O)(Q 31 (Q) 32 ),

[0421] Q1 to Q3, Q 11 To Q 13 Q 21 To Q 23 And Q 31 To Q 33 Each of these can be independently hydrogen; deuterium; -F; -Cl; -Br; -I; hydroxyl group; cyano group; nitro group; C1-C 60 Alkyl group; C2-C 60 alkenyl group; C2-C 60 alkynyl group; C1-C 60 Alkoxy groups; or each unsubstituted or deuterated, -F, cyano groups, C1-C 60 Alkyl groups, C1-C 60 C3-C substituted with alkoxy groups, phenyl groups, biphenyl groups, or any combination thereof 60 Carbocyclic groups or C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups.

[0422] As used herein, the term "heteroatom" refers to any atom other than carbon and hydrogen. Examples of heteroatoms may include O, S, N, P, Si, B, Ge, Se, or any combination thereof.

[0423] In this article, "Ph" represents a phenyl group, "Me" represents a methyl group, "Et" represents an ethyl group, and "tert-Bu" or "Bu" are used interchangeably. t " " indicates a tert-butyl group, and "OMe" as used in this article indicates a methoxy group.

[0424] As used herein, the term "biphenyl group" refers to a phenyl group substituted with at least one phenyl group. "Biphenyl group" belongs to the group with a "C6-C" structure. 60 "Aromatic group" is "substituted phenyl group" as a substituent.

[0425] As used herein, the term "terphenyl group" refers to a phenyl group substituted with at least one biphenyl group. "Terphenyl group" belongs to the category of phenyl groups having a C6-C... 60 C6-C substituted with aryl group 60 "Aromatic group" is "substituted phenyl group" as a substituent.

[0426] Unless otherwise defined, the symbols * and *' used in this paper refer to the binding sites with adjacent atoms in the corresponding formulas.

[0427] The light-emitting device according to the embodiments will be described in more detail below with reference to the embodiments.

[0428] [Example]

[0429] Evaluation Example 1: Exciton Complex 1 CT scan 3 CT and 3 Measurement of LE level

[0430] A thin film was formed by coating a quartz substrate with 50 wt% hole transport host and 50 wt% electron transport host. The film was then subjected to i) excimer spectroscopy analysis of the excimer complex at a temperature of 300 Kelvin (K). 1 Measurement of CT energy levels, and ii) excitocomplexes obtained from PL spectra at 4K. 3 Measurement of CT energy levels.

[0431] PL spectra of thin films containing hole transport hosts coated on quartz substrates at 300 K and PL spectra of thin films containing electron transport hosts coated on quartz substrates at 300 K were measured. 3 LE energy level.

[0432] The compounds shown in Table 1 were used as hole transport hosts and electron transport hosts in films A, B, C, D and E.

[0433] [Table 1]

[0434]

[0435] As shown in Table 1, when thin film A is used, the hole transport host and the electron transport host form an excitocomplex that satisfies Equations 1 and 2 described herein.

[0436] Evaluation Example 2: Photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), Φ DF / Φ PF Measurement of triplet exciton lifetime

[0437] The ratios (Φi) of i) PLQY and ii) delayed fluorescence PLQY to transient fluorescence PLQY of films A, B, C, D, and E were measured using a PL measurement device at a temperature of 300 K. DF / Φ PF (iii) Triplete exciton lifetimes. The results are shown in Table 2. PLQY at excitation wavelengths from 280 nm to 320 nm was measured using an integrating sphere and averaging the values. The ratio of delayed fluorescence PLQY to instantaneous fluorescence PLQY based on the entire PLQY was measured by the amplitude ratio of the first to the second component of the instantaneous PL decay curve.

[0438] [Table 2]

[0439]

[0440] 1) Not measured

[0441] Referring to the results in Table 2, it was found that the Φ of film A... DF / Φ PF The value is the smallest. Therefore, it was found that the proportion of transient fluorescence emitted from the excitocomplex formed in film A is greater than that of delayed fluorescence, which may be due to... 1 CT- 3 The energy gap of the LE state is too large, thus suppressing intersystem crossing and increasing the proportion of transient fluorescence. However, the emission mechanism is not limited to this.

[0442] Compared with films B, C, D and E, film A was found to have a relatively short triplet exciton lifetime.

[0443] Evaluation Example 3: Measurement of Time-Resolved Photoluminescence (TRPL) Spectroscopy

[0444] For each of thin films A, B, C, D, and E, to confirm the upconversion from the triplet state (T1) to the singlet state (S1), excitation light from a nitrogen laser (purchased from USHIO Corporation) with an excitation wavelength of 337 nm and a pulse width of 700 ps was focused, and the emitted light was collected using a scanning camera (C10627, Hamamatsu Photonics) to obtain TRPL curves from 0 microseconds (μs) to approximately 50 μs. The results are shown in... Figure 5 middle.

[0445] exist Figure 5 The TRPL curves shown in the figure each include two decay components for films A, B, C, and D. These two decay components can be the curves of the instantaneous fluorescence component (shown over a few microseconds) and the curves of the delayed fluorescence component (shown over tens of microseconds). It was found that the delayed fluorescence component curve of film A has a smaller PL amplitude compared to the curves of films B, C, and D. This smaller PL amplitude may be due to the excitocomplex in film A. 1 CT- 3 The energy gap of the LE state is large, which suppresses intersystem crossing, reduces the triplet exciton density, and thus increases the transient fluorescence ratio; however, the implementation is not limited to this.

[0446] Regarding the TRPL curve shape of film E, there is a difference between the curves for the instantaneous fluorescence component and the delayed fluorescence component. This difference may be due to the exciton complex in film E potentially having a large ΔE. CT Therefore, triplet excitons may not undergo upconversion to singlet excitons and annihilation. Thus, delayed fluorescence of the exciton complex host is not shown. The delayed fluorescence component of film E can be generated by delayed fluorescence emitted by a single host that has not formed an exciton complex (e.g., a hole transport host or an electron transport host), but embodiments are not limited to this.

[0447] Evaluation Example 4: PLQY of the sensitizer and ΔE of the delayed fluorescence dopant ST Measurement

[0448] The sensitizer compound Pt-13 was excited with excitation light having the maximum absorption wavelength of the sensitizer, and PLQY was calculated using an integrating sphere.

[0449] The delayed fluorescence dopant compound D1 was used at 10 -5 M was dissolved in toluene at a concentration of 10 to prepare the sample. The PL spectrum of the sample was measured at 300 K. Compound D1 was then dissolved in toluene at a concentration of 10... -5M was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (THF) to prepare another sample. The PL spectrum of the other sample was measured at 77 K. ΔE was calculated from the difference in the initial values ​​of the two PL spectra. ST .

[0450] - Sensitizer PLQY: 90%

[0451] -ΔE of delayed fluorescence dopant ST =0.06eV

[0452] [Example 1]

[0453] As the anode, the substrate on which ITO is deposited is cut into 50 mm × 50 mm × 0.5 mm dimensions, ultrasonically treated in isopropanol and pure water for 5 minutes in each solvent, cleaned with ultraviolet light for 30 minutes, and then cleaned with ozone and mounted on a vacuum deposition equipment.

[0454] m-MTDATA was deposited on an ITO substrate to form a structure with... A hole injection layer of a certain thickness. NPB is vacuum-deposited onto the hole injection layer to form a layer with... A hole transport layer of a certain thickness was formed. Compounds HTH8, ETH6, Pt-13, and D1 were co-deposited on the hole transport layer in a weight ratio of 50:50:13:0.4 to form a hole transport layer with [missing information - likely a specific thickness]. An emission layer of a certain thickness. ET-1 is deposited on the emission layer to form an emission layer with... An electron transport layer of a certain thickness is formed. Subsequently, aluminum (Al) is deposited on the electron transport layer to form an electron transport layer with... A cathode of a certain thickness is used to complete the manufacturing of the light-emitting device.

[0455] [Comparative Examples 1 to 4]

[0456] The light-emitting device was manufactured in essentially the same manner as in Example 1, but the compounds shown in Table 3 were used to form the emitting layer.

[0457] [Evaluation Example 5: Evaluation of the Apparatus]

[0458] The driving voltage, efficiency, and lifespan of the light-emitting devices manufactured in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were measured using a Keithley 236 source measurement unit (SMU) and a PR650 luminance meter. The results are shown in Table 3. Here, lifespan represents the time elapsed before the brightness decreases to 95% of the initial brightness.

[0459] [Table 3]

[0460]

[0461] Referring to the results in Table 3, it was found that the light-emitting device of Example 1 had improved efficiency and service life compared with the light-emitting devices of Comparative Examples 1 to 4.

[0462] As is evident from the foregoing description, the excitocomplex 1 CT state and 3 The energy gap between LE states can be controlled to increase the energy transfer ratio according to the Foster energy transfer mechanism, and the exciton complex can have a relatively short triplet exciton lifetime. Since the light-emitting device contains an organometallic compound as a sensitizer and a delayed fluorescence dopant with a small FWHM as an emission dopant, luminous efficiency and chromatic purity can be improved. Therefore, the light-emitting device can have improved chromatic purity, high efficiency, and long lifetime.

[0463] It should be understood that the embodiments described herein are for descriptive purposes only and not for limiting purposes. The description of features or aspects within each embodiment should generally be considered applicable to other similar features or aspects in other embodiments. Although embodiments have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes in form and detail may be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A light-emitting device comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an intermediate layer between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an emission layer, wherein the emission layer contains: a hole-transporting host; an electron-transporting host; a sensitizer; and a delayed fluorescence dopant, the hole-transporting host and the electron-transporting host form an exciplex, the sensitizer includes an organometallic compound, the delayed fluorescence dopant does not contain a metal atom, and the exciplex satisfies Equation 1 and Equation 2: [Equation 1] [Equation 2] ΔE 1CT-3LE = |E( 1 CT) - E( 3 LE) | ≥ 0.06 eV wherein in Equation 1 and Equation 2, E( 3 LE)≥E( 3 CT) 4. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein E( 1 CT) represents the energy level of the singlet charge transfer state of the exciplex, E( 3 CT) represents the energy level of the triplet charge transfer state of the exciplex, and E( 3 LE) represents the energy level of the triplet local excited state of the exciplex.

2. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein DE 1 is 0.1 eV to 0.2 eV, as an energy gap between E 3 CT) and E CT CT).

3. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein a delayed fluorescence photoluminescence quantum yield Φ DF of the exciplex is equal to or smaller than 0.

3. PF DF PF of the ratio of the prompt fluorescence photoluminescence quantum yield Φ DF / Φ PF to the delayed fluorescence photoluminescence quantum yield Φ DF is equal to or smaller than 0.

3.

5. The light-emitting device according to claim 4, wherein The energy levels of the triplet locally excited state of the exciplex include E1( 3 LE) and E2( 3 LE), E1( 3 LE)≠E2( 3 LE), E1( 3 LE) is equal to the triplet energy level of the hole transport host, and E2( 3 LE) is equal to the triplet energy level of the electron transport host.

7. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein E1( 3 LE)>E2( 3 LE), and The exciplex satisfies E 1 CT)-E1( 3 LE)≥0.06eV.

6. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the excimer satisfies E(CT) > E(LE). 1 CT)>E( 3 LE). an energy level of a highest occupied molecular orbital of the hole-transporting host is equal to or greater than 0.2 eV from an energy level of a highest occupied molecular orbital of the electron-transporting host, and an energy level of a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the hole-transporting host is equal to or greater than 0.2eV from an energy level of a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the electron-transporting host.

8. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the delayed fluorescence dopant satisfies Equation 3: [Equation 3] wherein in Equation 3, ΔE ST = E D (S1) - E D (T1) < 0.2 eV 9. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the light-emitting device satisfies Equation 4: E D (S1) represents the lowest singlet energy level of the delayed fluorescence dopant, and E D (T1) represents the lowest triplet energy level of the delayed fluorescence dopant. [Equation 4] wherein in Equation 4, E EX (T1) > E S (T1) > E D (T1) 10. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein E EX (T1) represents the lowest triplet state energy level of the excimer, E S (T1) represents the lowest triplet state energy level of the sensitizing agent, and E D (T1) represents the lowest triplet energy level of the delayed fluorescence dopant. the sensitizer does not emit light, and the delayed fluorescence dopant emits fluorescent light.

11. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the light-emitting device emits blue light having a maximum emission wavelength of 450 nm to 470 nm.

12. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the hole-transporting host includes a compound including at least one carbazole group.

13. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the hole-transporting host comprises a compound represented by Formula 1-1 or Formula 1-2: [Formula 1-1] [Formula 1-2] wherein in Formula 1-1 and Formula 1-2, each of a11 to a14 is independently an integer of 0 to 5, A 11 to A 14 each independently C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, L 11 to L 14 each independently is an unsubstituted or substituted C3-C 10a substituted C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or an unsubstituted or substituted C1-C 10a substituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, each of b11 to b16, n11, and n12 is independently an integer of 1 to 5, and R 11 To R 16 Each of the following is independently a hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 alkyl groups, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 alkenyl groups, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 The alkynyl group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 alkoxy group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 aryloxy group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 Aryl thiols, -Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -N(Q1)(Q2), -B(Q1)(Q2), -C(=O)(Q1), -S(=O)2(Q1) or -P(=O)(Q1)(Q2), deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, or a nitro group; R 10a is:

14. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the electron-transporting host is a compound including at least one 6-membered ring including a π-electron deficient nitrogen. Each of the following is an unsubstituted or replaced group: -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, C6-C 60 aryloxy group, C6-C 60 aryl thioyl groups, -Si(Q) 11 (Q) 12 (Q) 13 -N(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -B(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -C(=O)(Q) 11 -S(=O)2(Q) 11 -P(=O)(Q) 11 (Q) 12 C1-C replaced by ) or a combination thereof 60 Alkyl groups, C2-C 60 alkenyl groups, C2-C 60 alkynyl group or C1-C 60 Alkoxy group; Each of the following groups is unsubstituted or replaced: -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, C1-C 60 Alkyl groups, C2-C 60 alkenyl groups, C2-C 60 alkynyl group, C1-C 60 alkoxy group, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, C6-C 60 aryloxy group, C6-C 60 aryl thioyl groups, -Si(Q) 21 (Q) 22 (Q) 23 -N(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -B(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -C(=O)(Q) 21 -S(=O)2(Q) 21 -P(=O)(Q) 21 (Q) 22 C3-C replaced by (or a combination thereof) 60 Carbocyclic groups, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, C6-C 60 aryloxy group or C6-C 60 aryl thioyl group; or -Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 ), -N(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), -B(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), -C(=O)(Q 31 ), -S(=O)2(Q 31 ) or -P(=O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), Q1to Q3, Q 11 to Q 13 , Q 21 to Q 23 , and Q 31 to Q 33 are each independently: hydrogen; deuterium; -F; -CI; -Br; -I; a hydroxyl group; a cyano group; a nitro group; a C1-C 60 alkyl group; a C2-C 60 alkenyl group; a C2-C 60 alkynyl group; a C1-C 60 alkoxy group; or a C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or a C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, -F, a cyano group, a C1-C 60 alkyl group, a C1-C 60 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, or a combination thereof.

15. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the electron-transporting host comprises a compound represented by Formula 2: [Formula 2] wherein in Formula 2, each of a21 to a26 is independently an integer of 0 to 5, X 21 is N or C-(L 24 ) a24 -(R 24 ) b24 , X 22 is N or C-(L 25 ) a25 -(R 25 ) b25 , X 23 is N or C-(L 26 ) a26 -(R 26 ) b26 , L 21 To L 26 Each is independently unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, each of b21 to b26 is independently an integer of 1 to 5, R 21 To R 26 Each of the following is independently a hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 alkyl groups, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 alkenyl groups, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 The alkynyl group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 alkoxy group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 aryloxy group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 Aryl thiols, -Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -N(Q1)(Q2), -B(Q1)(Q2), -C(=O)(Q1), -S(=O)2(Q1) or -P(=O)(Q1)(Q2), deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxil group, a cyano group, or a nitro group; R 10a is:

16. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the sensitizer includes an organometallic compound represented by Formula 3: Each of the following is an unsubstituted or replaced group: -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, C6-C 60 aryloxy group, C6-C 60 aryl thioyl groups, -Si(Q) 11 (Q) 12 (Q) 13 -N(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -B(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -C(=O)(Q) 11 -S(=O)2(Q) 11 -P(=O)(Q) 11 (Q) 12 C1-C replaced by ) or a combination thereof 60 Alkyl groups, C2-C 60 alkenyl groups, C2-C 60 alkynyl group or C1-C 60 Alkoxy group; Each of the following groups is unsubstituted or replaced: -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, C1-C 60 Alkyl groups, C2-C 60 alkenyl groups, C2-C 60 alkynyl group, C1-C 60 alkoxy group, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, C6-C 60 aryloxy group, C6-C 60 aryl thioyl groups, -Si(Q) 21 (Q) 22 (Q) 23 -N(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -B(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -C(=O)(Q) 21 -S(=O)2(Q) 21 -P(=O)(Q) 21 (Q) 22 C3-C replaced by (or a combination thereof) 60 Carbocyclic groups, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, C6-C 60 aryloxy group or C6-C 60 aryl thioyl group; or -Si(Q 31 ) 32 ) 33 ), -N(Q 31 ) 32 ), -B(Q 31 ) 32 ), -C(=O)(Q 31 ) 31 ), or -P(=O)(Q 31 ) 32 ​ Q1to Q3, Q 11 to Q 13 , Q 21 to Q 23 , and Q 31 to Q 33 are each independently: hydrogen; deuterium; -F; -CI; -Br; -I; a hydroxyl group; a cyano group; a nitro group; a C1-C 60 alkyl group; a C2-C 60 alkenyl group; a C2-C 60 alkynyl group; a C1-C 60 alkoxy group; or a C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or a C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, -F, a cyano group, a C1-C 60 alkyl group, a C1-C 60 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, or a combination thereof. [Formula 3] wherein in Formula 3, ​ M1is platinum, palladium, copper, silver, gold, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium, osmium, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, europium, terbium, or thulium, Y1to Y4are each independently C, A 31 to A 34 each independently C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, B1to B4are each independently selected from a chemical bond, O, and S, T1to T4are each independently *-0-*, *-S-*, *-C(R 35 )(R 36 )-*, *-C(R 35 )=*, *=C(R 35 )-*, *-C(R 35 )=C(R 36 )-*, *-C(=0)-*, *-C(=S)-*, *-C=C-*, *-B(R 35 )-*, *-N(R 35 )-*, *-P(R 35 )-*, *-Si(R 35 )(R 36 )-*, *-P(=0)(R 35 )-*, or *-Ge(R 35 )(R 36 )-*, k1to k4are each independently an integer of 0 to 3, the sum of k1to k4is equal to or greater than 3, R 31 To R 36 Each of the following is independently a hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 alkyl groups, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 alkenyl groups, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 The alkynyl group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 alkoxy group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 aryloxy group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 Aryl thiols, -Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -N(Q1)(Q2), -B(Q1)(Q2), -C(=O)(Q1), -S(=O)2(Q1) or -P(=O)(Q1)(Q2), b31 the number of R 31 b32 the number of R 32 b33 the number of R 33 b34 the number of R 34 R 35 and R 36 at least two adjacent groups are optionally bonded to form an unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or an unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, b31to b34are each independently an integer of 1 to 5, R 10a is: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, or a nitro group; Each of the following is an unsubstituted or replaced group: -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, C6-C 60 aryloxy group, C6-C 60 aryl thioyl groups, -Si(Q) 11 (Q) 12 (Q) 13 -N(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -B(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -C(=O)(Q) 11 -S(=O)2(Q) 11 -P(=O)(Q) 11 (Q) 12 C1-C replaced by ) or a combination thereof 60 Alkyl groups, C2-C 60 alkenyl groups, C2-C 60 alkynyl group or C1-C 60 Alkoxy group; Each of the following groups is unsubstituted or replaced: -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, C1-C 60 Alkyl groups, C2-C 60 alkenyl groups, C2-C 60 alkynyl group, C1-C 60 alkoxy group, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, C6-C 60 aryloxy group, C6-C 60 aryl thioyl groups, -Si(Q) 21 (Q) 22 (Q) 23 -N(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -B(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -C(=O)(Q) 21 -S(=O)2(Q) 21 -P(=O)(Q) 21 (Q) 22 C3-C replaced by (or a combination thereof) 60 Carbocyclic groups, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, C6-C 60 aryloxy group or C6-C 60 aryl thioyl group; or -Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 ), -N(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), -B(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), -C(=O)(Q 31 ), -S(=O)2(Q 31 ), or -P(=O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), wherein Q1to Q3, Q 11 to Q 13 , Q 21 to Q 23 , and Q 31 to Q 33 are each independently hydrogen; deuterium; -F; -CI; -Br; -I; a hydroxyl group; a cyano group; a nitro group; a C1-C 60 alkyl group; a C2-C 60 alkenyl group; a C2-C 60 alkynyl group; a C1-C 60 alkoxy group; or a C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or a C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, -F, a cyano group, a C1-C 60 alkyl group, a C1-C 60 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, or a combination thereof, and * and *' each represent a bonding site with an adjacent atom.

17. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the delayed fluorescence dopant includes a fused ring compound represented by Formula 4: [Formula 4] wherein in Formula 4, A 41 to A 43 each independently C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, X 41 is C(R 44 )(R 45 ), N(R 44 ), O or S, X 42 is C(R 46 )(R 47 ), N(R 46 ), O or S, L 41 To L 43 Each is independently unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, a41to a43are each independently an integer of 0 to 5, R 41 To R 47 Each of the following is independently a hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 alkyl groups, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 alkenyl groups, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 The alkynyl group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 alkoxy group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 aryloxy group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 Aryl thiols, -Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -N(Q1)(Q2), -B(Q1)(Q2), -C(=O)(Q1), -S(=O)2(Q1) or -P(=O)(Q1)(Q2), b41to b43and n41to n43are each independently an integer of 1 to 5, R 10a is: deuterium, -F, Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, or nitro group; Each of the following is an unsubstituted or replaced group: -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, C6-C 60 aryloxy group, C6-C 60 aryl thioyl groups, -Si(Q) 11 (Q) 12 (Q) 13 -N(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -B(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -C(=O)(Q) 11 -S(=O)2(Q) 11 -P(=O)(Q) 11 (Q) 12 C1-C replaced by ) or a combination thereof 60 Alkyl groups, C2-C 60 alkenyl groups, C2-C 60 alkynyl group or C1-C 60 Alkoxy group; Each of the following groups is unsubstituted or replaced: -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, C1-C 60 Alkyl groups, C2-C 60 alkenyl groups, C2-C 60 alkynyl group, C1-C 60 alkoxy group, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, C6-C 60 aryloxy group, C6-C 60 aryl thioyl groups, -Si(Q) 21 (Q) 22 (Q) 23 -N(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -B(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -C(=O)(Q) 21 -S(=O)2(Q) 21 -P(=O)(Q) 21 (Q) 22 C3-C replaced by (or a combination thereof) 60 Carbocyclic groups, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, C6-C 60 aryloxy group or C6-C 60 aryl thioyl group; or -Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 ), -N(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), -B(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), -C(=O)(Q 31 ), -S(=O)2(Q 31 ), or -P(=O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), Q1to Q3, Q 11 to Q 13 , Q 21 to Q 23 , and Q 31 to Q 33 are each independently: hydrogen; deuterium; -F; -CI; -Br; -I; a hydroxyl group; a cyano group; a nitro group; a C1-C 60 alkyl group; a C2-C 60 alkenyl group; a C2-C 60 alkynyl group; a C1-C 60 alkoxy group; or a C3-C 60 carbocyclic group or a C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, -F, a cyano group, a C1-C 60 alkyl group, a C1-C 60 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, or a combination thereof.

18. An electronic device comprising the light-emitting device according to any one of claims 1 to 17.

19. The electronic device according to claim 18, further comprising a thin film transistor, wherein the thin film transistor includes a source electrode and a drain electrode, and the first electrode of the light-emitting device is electrically connected to the source electrode or the drain electrode of the thin film transistor.

20. The electronic device according to claim 18, further comprising a functional layer including a touch screen layer, a polarizing layer, a color filter, a color conversion layer, or a combination thereof.

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