Pressure loading drive control for bone resection

Abstract

A drill assembly includes a cutting tool that is slidably movable along a longitudinal axis of the drill assembly and is drivable to cut an object. In an active configuration, a pressure-loaded drive control assembly transfers energy from a motor to the cutting tool to drive the cutting tool. In an inactive configuration, the pressure-loaded drive control assembly prevents energy from being transferred from the motor to the cutting tool. A biasing member of the pressure-loaded drive control assembly is configured to bias the pressure-loaded drive control assembly in the inactive configuration. Pressing the cutting tool against the object moves the cutting tool along the longitudinal axis and moves the pressure-loaded drive control assembly to the active configuration. When the cutting tool is no longer pressed against the object, the biasing member returns the pressure-loaded drive control assembly to the inactive configuration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to a cutting device, such as a cutting device comprising pressure loading drive control for cutting bone. Background Technology

[0002] This section provides background information in connection with this disclosure, which is not necessarily prior art.

[0003] Taking precautions when cutting around sensitive anatomical structures is crucial. While existing cutting devices, such as bone drills, are suitable for their intended use, they still require improvement. This disclosure advantageously includes cutting devices with safety mechanisms for both anatomical and non-anatomical applications. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that this disclosure also contains numerous additional advantages and unexpected results. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This section provides an overall overview of this disclosure and is not a full disclosure of its entire scope or all its features.

[0005] This disclosure includes a drill assembly having a cutting tool that is slidably movable along the longitudinal axis of the drill assembly and can be driven to cut an object. In an active configuration, a pressure-load drive control assembly transfers energy from a motor to the cutting tool to drive it. In an inactive configuration, the pressure-load drive control assembly prevents energy from being transferred from the motor to the cutting tool. A biasing member of the pressure-load drive control assembly is configured to bias the pressure-load drive control assembly in the inactive configuration. Pressing the cutting tool against the object causes the cutting tool to move axially along the longitudinal axis and moves the pressure-load drive control assembly to the active configuration. When the cutting tool is no longer pressed against the object, the biasing member causes the pressure-load drive control assembly to return to the inactive configuration.

[0006] This disclosure includes a drill assembly having a cutting tool that is slidably movable along a longitudinal axis of the drill assembly and actuable to cut an object. A drive member is configured to be driven by an electric motor. A driven member cooperates with the cutting tool. The driven member is movable along the longitudinal axis between an active position and an inactive position. In the active position, the driven member cooperates with the drive member to transfer rotational energy from the electric motor to the cutting tool to actuate the cutting tool. In the inactive position, the driven member is spaced apart from the drive member such that the cutting tool is not actuated. A biasing member biases the driven member in the inactive position. The cutting tool is pressed against an object to move the cutting tool axially along the longitudinal axis and move the driven member from the inactive position to the active position. When the object to be cut is no longer pressed against or the cutting tool is no longer loaded, the biasing member returns the driven member from the active position to the inactive position.

[0007] Other applications will become apparent from the description provided herein. The descriptions and specific examples in this invention are intended for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. Attached Figure Description

[0008] The accompanying drawings described herein are for illustrative purposes only, and not for all possible implementations, and are not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure.

[0009] Figure 1 Exemplary use of the drill string assembly accessory according to this disclosure is shown;

[0010] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Perspective view of the attachment;

[0011] Figure 3A This is a cross-sectional view of the attachment in the active configuration used to cut the object.

[0012] Figure 3B The pressure loading drive control component of the attachment in the active configuration is shown in more detail;

[0013] Figure 4A The attachment is shown in an inactive configuration after cutting through the object;

[0014] Figure 4B The pressure loading drive control component of the attachment in an inactive configuration is shown in more detail;

[0015] Figure 5A Another drill assembly accessory according to this disclosure is shown;

[0016] Figure 5B This shows the active configuration for cutting objects. Figure 5A Attachments;

[0017] Figure 5C This shows the inactive configuration after cutting through the object. Figure 5A Attachments;

[0018] Figure 6 This is a perspective view of another pressure loading drive control component according to this disclosure;

[0019] Figure 7 This disclosure illustrates a pressure loading drive control assembly located within a housing for insertion into a drill bit attachment; and

[0020] Figure 8 Another drill assembly attachment comprising a saw-shaped cutting tool is shown according to this disclosure.

[0021] The corresponding reference numerals indicate the corresponding parts in several views throughout the accompanying drawing. Detailed Implementation

[0022] Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] Original Reference Figure 1 and 2 An exemplary drill assembly attachment according to this disclosure is shown with reference numeral 10. Attachment 10 is configured for cutting any suitable anatomical or non-anatomical object. Figure 1 As illustrated in the example, attachment 10 can be used to cut the bones of patient 510, such as the patient's skull. Attachment 10 is connected to any suitable electric motor 512 and is guided to patient 510 by user 514, such as a surgeon, or any automated surgical navigation device. In non-anatomical applications, user 514 can be any person or automated device capable of cutting objects using attachment 10.

[0024] For details, please refer to the following: Figure 2 Attachment 10 typically includes a base 12 configured to connect to a motor 512. A locking ring 14 is adjacent to the base 12. Rotation of the locking ring 14 rotatably locks the cutting tool 30 to attachment 10. The motor 512 can be any suitable pneumatic motor, electric motor, etc.

[0025] Adjacent to the locking ring 14 is the gripping ring 16, which provides a rough surface to facilitate the user's gripping of the attachment 10. Extending from the gripping ring 16 is a tube 20 into which the cutting tool 30 is inserted. The cutting tool 30 typically includes a cutting head 32. The cutting tool 30 can be any suitable cutting tool. For example, suitable cutting tools include any suitable drill bit, drill line, and saw. The cutting tool 30 can be configured for any suitable plunge cutting or transverse cutting. For plunge cutting and as described in detail herein, the cutting tool 30 can slide or move axially along the longitudinal axis A of the attachment 10. In some applications, the cutting tool 30 can also rotate about the longitudinal axis A.

[0026] For further reference Figure 3A and 3B Additional details of Annex 10 will now be described. Annex 10 further includes a tool shaft 34 defined by tube 20. Tool 30 extends through tool shaft 34, through gripping ring 16, and into locking ring 14. Tool shaft 34 is supported within tube 20 by one or more bearings 36. The bearing 36 closest to gripping ring 16 is preloaded by spring 38 to ensure that bearing 36 does not overheat during use. Within locking ring 14 is locking assembly 40. Locking assembly 40 is any suitable locking mechanism configured to lock tool 30 to Annex 10 and allow tool 30 to be unlocked and replaced by another tool.

[0027] Annex 10 further includes a pressure loading drive control assembly 50. The pressure loading drive control assembly 50 typically includes a driven member 52 and a drive member 54. The driven member 52 is slidably mounted within Annex 10 and slides axially along the longitudinal axis A in alignment with the tool 30. The drive member 54 is configured to be driven by a motor 512. The drive member 54 includes a drive shaft 56 accessible at a socket 58 defined by the base 12. A connector of the motor 512 inserts into the socket 58 and cooperates with a connector 60 of the drive shaft 56. Energy or force generated by the motor 512 is transmitted to the drive member 54 via its drive shaft 56. For example, rotational energy from the motor 512 is transmitted to the drive shaft 56 to rotate the drive member 54.

[0028] Figure 3B The pressure loading drive control assembly 50 is shown in additional detail. The pressure loading drive control assembly 50 further includes a driven gear head 70 of a driven member 52, the driven gear head having driven gear teeth 72. The drive member 54 further includes a drive gear head 80 having drive gear teeth 82. Figure 3B In the active configuration, the driven gear tooth 72 meshes with the driving gear tooth 82. Therefore, in Figure 3BIn an exemplary active configuration, the drive member 54 causes the driven member 52 to rotate, and the driven member causes the tool 30 to rotate.

[0029] The pressure loading drive control assembly 50 further includes a bearing 90 mounted on a bearing housing 92. The bearing housing 92 is axially slidable along the longitudinal axis A. The bearing housing 92 includes a bearing flange 94. A biasing member 96, such as a spring, cooperates directly or indirectly with the bearing housing 92, for example, at the bearing flange 94. The biasing member 96 biases the bearing housing 92 in a non-active configuration, which will be combined below. Figure 4A and 4B The following description is provided. The driven member 52 is connected to the bearing housing 92 and moves axially along the longitudinal axis A together with the bearing housing 92. As a result, the driven member 52 is biased by the biasing member 96 in the inactive configurations of 4A and 4B. The driven member 52 also slides along the longitudinal axis A in conjunction with the tool 30. The driven member 52 is directly or indirectly connected to the tool 30.

[0030] Figure 3A and 3B The attachment 10 in use is shown, wherein the head 32 of the tool 30 moves in a first direction A as the head 32 is pressed or loaded onto the object 520 to be cut. Pressing the attachment 10 against the object 520 applies pressure to the tool 30 to further axially move the tool 30 into the tube 20 along the longitudinal axis A in the first direction A. Because the driven member 52 moves together with the tool 30, the driven member 52 also moves axially along the longitudinal axis A in the first direction A. The driven member 52 moves to cooperate with the drive member 54 such that the driven gear teeth 72 mesh with the drive gear teeth 92 to transmit energy or a force such as rotational force from the motor 512 to the tool 30 to drive the tool 30 to cut the object 520.

[0031] Figure 4A and 4BThe attachment 10 is shown in its inactive configuration. After the head 32 disengages from or penetrates the object 520, the biasing member 96 moves the attachment 10 to the inactive configuration. In the inactive configuration, the tool 30 is no longer driven by the motor and no longer rotates, thereby reducing the likelihood that the head 32 will cut objects and / or tissues outside the object 520. Specifically, once the head 32 has passed through the object 520, sufficient opposing axial pressure or force is no longer applied to the head 32. Once pressure or opposing axial force is no longer applied to the head 32, the biasing member 96 pushes the driven member 52 away from the driving member 54, which in turn causes the tool 30 to move axially along the longitudinal axis A in the second direction B, allowing the tool 30 to extend further out of the tube 20. In this inactive configuration, the driven gear teeth 72 no longer cooperate with the driving gear teeth 82, and therefore energy or driving force is no longer transmitted from the driving member 54 to the driven member 52. This allows the cutting tool 30 to idle, so that it is no longer rotated or driven by the motor, which advantageously provides additional safety features to further protect areas outside the object 520 from being cut by the tool 30.

[0032] refer to Figure 5A , 5B And 5C, another pressure (i.e., force) loading drive control assembly according to this disclosure is shown at reference numeral 50A. Drive control assembly 50A includes many features substantially similar to drive control assembly 50, which are described using the same reference numerals but also include the letter "A". Pressure loading drive control assembly 50A is similar to assembly 50, but both driven member 52A and drive member 54A are located at the distal end of tube 20. Driven member 52A is directly connected to tool 30A, or integrated with tool 30A. Bias member 96A biases driven member 52A in an inactive configuration such that the driven gear teeth 72A of driven member 52A are spaced apart (and disengaged) from the drive gear teeth 82A of drive member 54A.

[0033] refer to Figure 5B When tool 30A presses against the object 520 to be cut, driven member 52A moves axially along longitudinal axis A in direction A until driven gear teeth 72A cooperate with drive gear teeth 82A to rotate tool 30A. (Reference) Figure 5C After the head 32A cuts through the object 520, the head 32A no longer bears the opposite axial load or force. This allows the biasing member 96A to separate the driven member and the driving members 52A, 52B, and to move the driven member 52A outward in direction B along the longitudinal axis A back to the inactive position. As a result, the driven gear teeth 72A no longer cooperate with the driving gear teeth 82A, the driving member 54A no longer drives the driven member 52A, and the tool 30 does not rotate.

[0034] Although driven member 52 / 52A and drive member 54 / 54A are described above as containing gear teeth, any other suitable engagement and disengagement configuration may be used to selectively transfer energy from drive member 54 / 54A to driven member 52 / 52A. For example, and as... Figure 6 As shown, this disclosure further provides a pressure-loaded drive control assembly 50B. Assembly 50B is typically configured as a friction clutch. Specifically, assembly 50B includes a driven member 52B having a driven surface 130 and a drive member 54B having a drive surface 132. Figure 6 In the inactive configuration, the driven member 52B and the driving member 54B are spaced apart, such that the tool 30B and its head 32B do not rotate. The biasing member 96B biases the driven member 52B and the driving member 54B in this inactive, spaced-apart configuration.

[0035] When the cutting tool 30B is pressed against the object 520 to be cut, the driven member 52B moves along the longitudinal axis until the driven surface 130 is received within the drive surface 132. The driven surface 130 and the drive surface 132 each contain any suitable surface treatments and / or inserts to provide a friction lock between them. Therefore, when the driven surface 130 is within the drive surface 132, rotation of the drive member 54B by the motor 512 causes the driven member 52B and the cutting tool 30B to rotate. After the tool 30B cuts through the object 520, no pressure is applied to the cutting tool 30B, which allows the biasing member 96 to move the driven member 52B back to its original position. Figure 6 The inactive configuration shown prevents the cutting tool 30 from being driven.

[0036] refer to Figure 7 The pressure loading drive control components 50 and 50B can be self-contained within the housing 210. The housing 210 containing the pressure loading drive control components 50 or 50B can be detachably coupled to any suitable existing drill tool assembly attachment 10' to use the safety feature "improved" attachment 10 to reduce any possibility of unintentionally cutting sensitive tissues, organs, or non-anatomical materials / devices located outside the object 520.

[0037] The pressure loading drive control components 50, 50A, and 50B can be used with any suitable tool 30 other than a drill bit or drill tip. For example, and as... Figure 8 As shown, tool 30 may include saw tip 310. As described above and as those skilled in the art will understand, any one of the pressure loading drive control components 50, 50A, 50B can be used to control the energy transmitted to saw tip 310.

[0038] Therefore, this disclosure advantageously provides the drill assembly attachment 10 and pressure loading drive control components 50, 50A, and 50B described above, which advantageously reduce any risk of cutting through the object 520 and damaging anatomical organs, tissues, or non-anatomical objects. Regarding anatomical applications, this disclosure is applicable to using the drill assembly attachment 10 to perform any suitable surgical procedure, such as mastoidectomy, craniotomy, drill hole formation, guide hole formation for spinal fusion, one or more laminectomies, bone resection, tissue resection, and robotic surgery. This disclosure provides an additional layer of safety and control when cutting around sensitive anatomical structures. Particularly regarding robotic applications, this disclosure provides a primary layer of safety and control when cutting around sensitive areas, rather than relying entirely on software control.

[0039] The foregoing description of the embodiments is provided for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or limiting of this disclosure. Individual elements or features of specific embodiments are generally not limited to specific embodiments, but are interchangeable where applicable and can be used in chosen embodiments (even if not specifically shown or described). Individual elements or features of specific embodiments may also be varied in various ways. Such changes should not be considered as departing from this disclosure, and all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of this disclosure.

[0040] Example embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. Numerous specific details, such as examples of particular components, apparatuses, and methods, are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of this disclosure. Those skilled in the art will understand that the specific details are not necessary, the example embodiments may be implemented in many different forms, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this disclosure. In some example embodiments, well-known processes, well-known apparatus structures, and well-known techniques are not described in detail.

[0041] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular example embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms “comprise,” “comprising,” “including,” and “having” are inclusive and thus specify the presence of the stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof. The method steps, processes, and operations described herein should not be construed as requiring their execution in the specific order discussed or shown, unless explicitly determined to be an order of execution. It should also be understood that additional or alternative steps may be employed.

[0042] When an element or layer is referred to as being “on,” “joined to,” “connected to,” or “linked to” another element or layer, it may be directly on, joined to, connected to, or linked to the other element or layer, or there may be intermediate elements or layers present. Conversely, when an element is referred to as being “directly on,” “directly joined to,” “directly connected to,” or “directly linked to” another element or layer, there may be no intermediate elements or layers present. Other terms used to describe relationships between elements should be interpreted in a similar manner (e.g., “between” vs. “directly between,” “adjacent” vs. “directly adjacent,” etc.). As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0043] Although the terms first, second, third, etc., may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers, and / or portions, these elements, components, regions, layers, and / or portions should not be limited by these terms. These terms may only be used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer, or portion from another. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, terms such as “first,” “second,” and other numerical terms used herein do not imply order or sequence. Therefore, without departing from the teachings of the exemplary embodiments, the first element, component, region, layer, or portion discussed below may be referred to as the second element, component, region, layer, or portion.

[0044] Spatial relative terms such as "inside," "outside," "below," "below," "lower," "above," and "upper" may be used in the text for descriptive purposes, to describe the relationship between one element or feature shown in the figures and another element or feature. Spatial relative terms may also be intended to cover different orientations of the device in use or operation, in addition to those depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is flipped, an element described as "below" or "below" other elements or features will then be oriented "above" other elements or features. Therefore, the example term "below" can encompass both above and below orientations. The device may be oriented in other ways (rotated 90 degrees or rotated in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptive terms used in the text shall be interpreted accordingly.

Claims

1. A drill string assembly comprising: A cutting tool that can slide along the longitudinal axis of the drill assembly and can be driven to cut an object; A pressure loading drive control component is configurable to an active configuration and an inactive configuration. In the active configuration, the pressure loading drive control component transfers energy from the motor to the cutting tool to drive the cutting tool. In the inactive configuration, the pressure loading drive control component prevents energy from being transferred from the motor to the cutting tool. as well as The biasing member of the pressure loading drive control component is configured to bias the pressure loading drive control component in the inactive configuration. The object presses against the cutting tool to apply a load to the cutting tool to move the cutting tool along the longitudinal axis in a first direction, and moves the pressure loading drive control component from the inactive configuration to the active configuration; The biasing member moves the cutting tool along the longitudinal axis in a second direction opposite to the first direction, and causes the pressure loading drive control component to return from the active configuration to the inactive configuration when the load is no longer applied to the cutting tool; and The pressure loading drive control component is configured as a friction clutch.

2. The drill assembly of claim 1, wherein the cutting tool is configured to cut bone.

3. The drill assembly of claim 1, wherein the cutting tool is configured to cut non-anatomical objects.

4. The drill assembly of claim 1, wherein the cutting tool is one of a drill bit, a drill bit, and a saw.

5. The drill assembly of claim 1, wherein the pressure loading drive control assembly includes a driven member movable to cooperate with the cutting tool to drive the cutting tool, the driven member moving along the longitudinal axis of the drill assembly in conjunction with the cutting tool.

6. The drill assembly of claim 1, wherein the biasing member comprises a spring.

7. A drill assembly comprising a cutting tool slidably movable along a longitudinal axis of the drill assembly and actuable to cut an object, the drill assembly comprising: The drive component is configured to be driven by an electric motor; A driven member, which cooperates with the cutting tool, is movable along the longitudinal axis between an active position and an inactive position. The driving member and the driven member form a friction clutch configuration such that, in the active position, the driven member cooperates with the driving member to transfer energy from the electric motor to the cutting tool to actuate the cutting tool, and in the inactive position, the driven member is spaced apart from the driving member so as not to actuate the cutting tool. as well as A biasing member that biases the driven member at the inactive position; The object to be cut is pressed against the cutting tool, which applies a load to the cutting tool to move the cutting tool and the driven member along the longitudinal axis in a first direction, thereby moving the driven member from the inactive position to the active position; and When the load is not applied to the cutting tool, the biasing member moves the cutting tool and the driven member along the longitudinal axis in a second direction opposite to the first direction, which causes the driven member to return from the active position to the inactive position.

8. The drill assembly of claim 7, wherein the cutting tool is configured to cut bone.

9. The drill assembly of claim 7, wherein the cutting tool is configured to cut non-anatomical objects.

10. The drill assembly of claim 7, wherein the cutting tool is one of a drill bit, a drill bit, and a saw.

11. The drill assembly of claim 7, wherein the driven member moves in unison with the cutting tool.

12. The drill assembly of claim 7, wherein the biasing member comprises a spring.

13. The drill assembly of claim 7, wherein when the driven member is in the active position, the driven member and the driving member each include a friction surface that cooperates with each other.

14. The drill assembly of claim 7, wherein the drive member, the driven member, and the biasing member are arranged in a common housing, the common housing being removably connected to an accessory of the drill assembly.

15. The drill assembly of claim 7, wherein the tool extends directly from the driven member.

16. A method for cutting a non-anatomical object, the method comprising: Connect the drill assembly to an electric motor for driving the cutting tool of the drill assembly; A load is applied to the cutting tool by pressing it against the non-anatomical object to slide the cutting tool in a first direction along the longitudinal axis of the drill assembly, and a pressure loading drive control assembly is moved from an inactive configuration to an active configuration, wherein the pressure loading drive control assembly transfers energy from the electric motor to the cutting tool to drive the cutting tool. as well as Cutting through the non-anatomical object releases the load from the cutting tool, thereby allowing the biasing member to move the cutting tool along the longitudinal axis in a second direction opposite to the first direction, and moving the pressure loading drive control assembly to the inactive configuration where the cutting tool is not driven. The pressure loading drive control component is configured as a friction clutch.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein in the active configuration, the driving member cooperates with the driven member of the pressure loading drive control assembly.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein in an inactive configuration, the driving member is spaced apart from the driven member of the pressure loading drive control assembly.

19. The method of claim 16, further comprising cutting through the object using one of a drill bit, a drill bit, and a saw.

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