A water and fertilizer control method for tomato potassium deficiency in high temperature and high humidity environment

Abstract

The application provides a water and fertilizer control method for tomato potassium deficiency in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, comprising the following steps: step one, interval detection of leaves of tomato plants and drainage of the tomato plants in a greenhouse, and detection of potassium element content in the leaves and the drainage; step two, monitoring of maturity of fruits of the tomato plants; if the fruits of the tomato plants are qualified, the next step is entered; if the fruits of the tomato plants are unqualified, there are non-color-changing areas on surfaces of the fruits, and water and fertilizer control is implemented; step three, detection of substrate strip night water loss of the tomato plants; step four, monitoring of a root system state of the plants; if the root system state of the plants is qualified, step one is returned to; and if the root system state of the plants is unqualified, water and fertilizer control is implemented. The application makes the tomato plants cultivated in the greenhouse grow more healthily, more resistant to diseases and pests, and capable of improving yield of the tomato fruits. Meanwhile, rapid adjustment of the plant state can reduce the use amount of auxiliary agents, improve food safety, and reduce costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of crop cultivation, specifically relating to a water and fertilizer control method for potassium deficiency in tomatoes under high temperature and high humidity conditions. Background Technology

[0002] Potassium is the most abundant metallic element in tomato plants, generally accounting for 1%-5% of the plant's dry weight. Potassium exists in tomato plants in ionic, water-soluble salt, adsorbed in protoplasm, or free states, exhibiting considerable mobility. It is mainly distributed in the most metabolically active tissues or organs, such as the growing point and fruit of the tomato plant.

[0003] Potassium fertilizer can promote photosynthesis in crops, promote tomato fruiting, and improve the plant's resistance to cold and disease, thereby increasing yield. Potassium can promote the metabolism of carbohydrates and nitrogen; control and regulate the activity of various mineral nutrients; activate the activity of various enzymes; control the transport of nutrients and water; and maintain intracellular pressure, thus preventing plant wilting.

[0004] 1. Promotes enzyme activation, such as photosynthesis, respiration, and the synthesis of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

[0005] 2. Promote photosynthesis and the transport of photosynthetic products, such as improving photosynthetic efficiency, regulating the opening and closing of stomata, controlling the entry and exit of CO2 and water, promoting carbohydrate synthesis, and accelerating the flow of photosynthetic products.

[0006] 3. Promotes protein synthesis, such as promoting the uptake and transport of NO3, a key component in protein synthesis, which is closely related to the protein synthesis process.

[0007] 4. Potassium enhances the stress resistance of tomatoes. Potassium can reduce the amount of soluble amino acids and monosaccharides in tomato plants, increase cellulose, and thicken cell walls. The accumulation of potassium in the root system of tomato plants creates an osmotic pressure gradient that can enhance water absorption. When water is scarce, potassium can cause the stomata of tomato leaves to close to prevent water loss.

[0008] 5. Improve the quality of tomato fruits, adjust the sugar-acid ratio, increase their vitamin C content, improve their shape, size, color and flavor, and enhance their storage resistance.

[0009] Therefore, there is an urgent need to propose a water and fertilizer control method for potassium deficiency in tomatoes under high temperature and high humidity conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0010] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a water and fertilizer control method for potassium deficiency in tomatoes under high temperature and humidity conditions, so that tomato plants cultivated in greenhouses grow healthier, are more resistant to diseases and pests, and can increase tomato yield. At the same time, the rapid adjustment of plant condition can reduce the amount of auxiliary agents used and lower costs.

[0011] This invention provides a water and fertilizer control method for potassium deficiency in tomatoes under high temperature and high humidity conditions, comprising the following steps:

[0012] Step 1: Send samples of tomato leaves and sap from tomato plants grown in the greenhouse at intervals to test the potassium content in the leaves and sap.

[0013] Step 2: Monitor the ripening of tomato plants and fruits;

[0014] If the tomato plants have ripened and are ready, proceed to the next step;

[0015] If the tomato plants do not reach the required ripening stage and there are areas on the surface of the fruit that do not change color, water and fertilizer control should be implemented.

[0016] Step 3: Detect the nighttime water loss of the tomato plant substrate strips;

[0017] If the water loss of the substrate strip of the tomato plant is within acceptable limits, proceed to the next step;

[0018] If the substrate water loss of tomato plants is not within the acceptable range, water and fertilizer control should be implemented.

[0019] Step 4: Monitor the root system status of the plant;

[0020] If the plant's root system is in good condition, proceed to step one.

[0021] If the root system of the plant is not in good condition, water and fertilizer control should be implemented.

[0022] The specific process of implementing water and fertilizer control in steps two and three is to increase or decrease the potassium concentration in the irrigation solution by 5.0 mmol / L to 11.0 mmol / L.

[0023] The specific process of implementing water and fertilizer control in step four is as follows: if there are many white roots and the root system is sufficient, the potassium supply should be increased by no more than 11.0 mmol / L; if the root system is insufficient or the root color is yellow, a small amount of root-promoting drug should be added to the formula, and the potassium supply should be reduced to no less than 5.0 mmol / L; the root-promoting drug is brassinolide or its derivative.

[0024] After completing water and fertilizer control in step two, three, or four, send samples of tomato plant leaves and tomato plant sap to be tested every three days to detect the potassium content in the tomato plant leaves and sap.

[0025] If the potassium content in the tomato plant leaves and excrement is less than 5.0 mmol / L after testing,

[0026] Return to the corresponding step two, three, or four. If the result is unsatisfactory in this step, spray the leaves of the tomato plant with a foliar fertilizer containing 5.0 mmol / L to 11.0 mmol / L of potassium.

[0027] If the potassium content in tomato leaves and excrement is higher than 5.0 mmol / L after testing,

[0028] Proceed to the next step.

[0029] The interval between spraying foliar fertilizer onto tomato plants should be greater than three days.

[0030] After water and fertilizer control, and one to two weeks after improvement, collect samples and send them to a professional institution for testing. If the potassium content of the tomato plants has returned to normal, stop using root-promoting drugs and reduce the potassium concentration in the formula by 0.5 to 2.0 mmol / L.

[0031] When carrying out water and fertilizer control, record the amount of potassium supplied during each control process and the potassium content of the samples submitted for testing.

[0032] When controlling water and fertilizer application, boron, phosphorus, and nitrogen should be supplied simultaneously with potassium.

[0033] When controlling water and fertilizer, the control process should cover the entire growth process of tomato plants.

[0034] The above-described technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0035] This invention continuously monitors the condition of tomato plants from multiple aspects to promptly detect potassium deficiency symptoms; secondly, it makes comprehensive adjustments after potassium deficiency occurs to help the plants quickly recover to a healthy state; finally, after the tomato plants have recovered to a healthy state, they are managed normally while still being continuously monitored.

[0036] This method promotes healthier, more disease- and pest-resistant tomato plants grown in greenhouses, and increases tomato yield. Furthermore, rapidly adjusting plant condition reduces the amount of auxiliary pesticides needed, thus lowering costs. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] The water and fertilizer control method for potassium deficiency in tomatoes under high temperature and high humidity conditions in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0039] Step 1: Send samples of tomato leaves and sap from tomato plants grown in the greenhouse at intervals to test the potassium content in the leaves and sap.

[0040] Step 2: Monitor the ripening of tomato plants and fruits;

[0041] If the tomato plants have ripened and are ready, proceed to the next step;

[0042] If the tomato plants do not reach the required ripening stage and there are areas on the surface of the fruit that do not change color, water and fertilizer control should be implemented.

[0043] The criteria for judging whether a tomato plant's fruit is ripe and qualified are: the surface of the tomato plant's fruit changes color evenly, with no obvious areas that do not change color; the presence of obvious areas that do not change color indicates that the plant is unqualified.

[0044] Specifically, when the entire surface of a tomato turns yellow, the tomato plant and fruit are considered to be of acceptable quality.

[0045] Step 3: Detect the nighttime water loss of the tomato plant substrate strips;

[0046] If the water loss of the substrate strip of the tomato plant is within the acceptable range, proceed to the next step;

[0047] If the substrate water loss of tomato plants is not within the acceptable range, water and fertilizer control should be implemented.

[0048] The criteria for judging whether the water loss range of the substrate strip is acceptable are: the soil surface inside the substrate strip is moist and has a noticeable damp feel when touched, which is considered acceptable; the soil surface inside the substrate strip is dry and does not feel moist when touched, which is considered unacceptable.

[0049] Step 4: Monitor the root system status of the plant;

[0050] If the plant's root system is in good condition, proceed to step one.

[0051] If the root system of the plant is not in good condition, water and fertilizer control should be implemented.

[0052] The criteria for judging whether the root system of a plant is qualified are as follows: if the root system is white or yellow, or the root quantity is insufficient and the number of fibrous roots is less than the standard quantity in the national standard, it is considered unqualified; if the root system is of normal color, the fibrous roots are growing normally and the number meets the standard quantity in the national standard, it is considered qualified.

[0053] The specific process of implementing water and fertilizer control in steps two and three is to increase or decrease the potassium concentration in the irrigation solution by 5.0 mmol / L to 11.0 mmol / L.

[0054] The specific process of implementing water and fertilizer control in step four is as follows: if there are many white roots and the root system is sufficient, the potassium supply should be increased by no more than 11.0 mmol / L; if the root system is insufficient or the root color is yellow, a small amount of root-promoting drug should be added to the formula, and the potassium supply should be reduced to no less than 5.0 mmol / L; the root-promoting drug is brassinolide or its derivative.

[0055] After completing water and fertilizer control in step two, three, or four, send samples of tomato plant leaves and tomato plant sap to be tested every three days to detect the potassium content in the tomato plant leaves and sap.

[0056] If the potassium content in the tomato plant leaves and excrement is less than 5.0 mmol / L after testing,

[0057] Return to the previous step. If the result is unsatisfactory in this step, spray the leaves of the tomato plant with a foliar fertilizer containing 5.0 mmol / L to 11.0 mmol / L of potassium.

[0058] If the potassium content in tomato leaves and excrement is higher than 5.0 mmol / L after testing,

[0059] Proceed to the next step.

[0060] The interval between spraying foliar fertilizer onto tomato plants should be greater than three days.

[0061] After water and fertilizer control, and one to two weeks after improvement, collect samples and send them to a professional institution for testing. If the potassium content of the tomato plants has returned to normal, stop using root-promoting drugs and reduce the potassium concentration in the formula to 0.5-2.0 mmol / L.

[0062] When carrying out water and fertilizer control, record the amount of potassium supplied during each control process and the potassium content of the samples submitted for testing.

[0063] When controlling water and fertilizer application, boron, phosphorus, and nitrogen should be supplied simultaneously with potassium.

[0064] When controlling water and fertilizer, the control process should cover the entire growth process of tomato plants.

[0065] This invention continuously monitors the condition of tomato plants from multiple aspects to promptly detect potassium deficiency symptoms; secondly, it makes comprehensive adjustments after potassium deficiency occurs to help the plants quickly recover to a healthy state; finally, after the tomato plants have recovered to a healthy state, they are managed normally while still being continuously monitored.

[0066] This method promotes healthier, more disease- and pest-resistant tomato plants grown in greenhouses, and increases tomato yield. Furthermore, rapidly adjusting plant condition reduces the amount of auxiliary pesticides needed, thus lowering costs.

[0067] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for controlling potassium deficiency in tomatoes under high temperature and high humidity conditions, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Send samples of tomato leaves and sap from tomato plants grown in the greenhouse at intervals to test the potassium content in the leaves and sap. Step 2: Monitor the ripening of tomato plants and fruits; If the tomato plants have ripened and are ready, proceed to the next step; If the tomato plants do not reach the required ripening stage and there are areas on the surface of the fruit that do not change color, water and fertilizer control should be implemented. Step 3: Detect the nighttime water loss of the tomato plant substrate strips; If the water loss of the substrate strip of the tomato plant is within acceptable limits, proceed to the next step; If the substrate water loss of tomato plants is not within the acceptable range, water and fertilizer control should be implemented. Step 4: Monitor the root system status of the plant; If the plant's root system is in good condition, proceed to step one. If the plant's root system is not in good condition, implement water and fertilizer control. The specific process of implementing water and fertilizer control in steps two and three is to increase or decrease the potassium concentration in the irrigation solution by 5.0 mmol / L to 11.0 mmol / L. The specific process of implementing water and fertilizer control in step four is as follows: if there are many white roots and the root system is sufficient, the potassium supply should be increased by no more than 11.0 mmol / L; if the root system is insufficient or the root color is yellow, a small amount of root-promoting agent should be added to the formula, and the potassium supply should be reduced to no less than 5.0 mmol / L; the root-promoting agent is brassinolide or its derivative. After completing water and fertilizer control in step two, three, or four, send samples of tomato plant leaves and tomato plant sap to be tested every three days to detect the potassium content in the tomato plant leaves and sap. If the potassium content in the tomato plant leaves and excrement is less than 5.0 mmol / L after testing, Return to the corresponding step two, three, or four. If the result is unsatisfactory in this step, spray the leaves of the tomato plant with a foliar fertilizer containing 5.0 mmol / L to 11.0 mmol / L of potassium. If the potassium content in tomato leaves and excrement is higher than 5.0 mmol / L after testing, Proceed to the next step; After water and fertilizer control, one to two weeks after improvement, collect samples and send them to a professional institution for testing. If the potassium content of the tomato plants has returned to normal, stop using root-promoting drugs and reduce the potassium concentration in the formula to 0.5-2.0 mmol / L. When controlling water and fertilizer application, boron, phosphorus, and nitrogen should be supplied simultaneously with potassium.

2. The water and fertilizer control method for potassium deficiency in tomatoes under high temperature and high humidity conditions as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The interval between spraying foliar fertilizer onto tomato plants should be greater than three days.

3. The water and fertilizer control method for potassium deficiency in tomatoes under high temperature and high humidity conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, When carrying out water and fertilizer control, record the amount of potassium supplied during each control process and the potassium content of the submitted samples.

4. The water and fertilizer control method for potassium deficiency in tomatoes under high temperature and high humidity conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, When controlling water and fertilizer, the control process should cover the entire growth process of tomato plants.