Synchronization signal spanning multiple symbols for millimeter wave communications

Abstract

An apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code; the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to at least: generate a synchronization signal (606) for transmission over one or more symbols, wherein the number of symbols depends on a subcarrier spacing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to an apparatus, method and computer program for generating, sending and / or receiving a synchronization signal in a cellular network. Background Art

[0002] A communication system can be viewed as a facility for enabling communication sessions between two or more entities (such as user terminals, base stations / access points and / or other nodes) by providing a carrier between the various entities involved in the communication path. For example, a communication system can be provided by means of a communication network and one or more compatible communication devices. A communication session may include, for example, data communications for carrying communications (such as voice, e-mail (mail), text messages, multimedia and / or content data, etc.). Non-limiting examples of the services provided include two-way or multi-way calls, data communications or multimedia services, and access to data network systems (such as the Internet). In a wireless communication system, at least a portion of a communication session between at least two stations occurs over a wireless link.

[0003] A user can access a communication system by means of a suitable communication device or terminal. The user's communication device is generally referred to as user equipment (UE) or user equipment. The communication device is provided with suitable signal receiving and sending means for enabling communication (e.g., enabling access to a communication network or communicating directly with other users). The communication device can access a carrier provided by a station or access point and transmit and / or receive communications on the carrier.

[0004] The communication system and associated equipment typically operate according to a required standard or specification that specifies what the various entities associated with the system are allowed to do and how these things should be achieved. The communication protocols and / or parameters to be used for the connection are also typically defined. An example of a communication system is UTRAN (3G radio). Another example of an architecture is known as Long Term Evolution (LTE) and Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) radio access technology. Another example communication system is the so-called 5G radio or New Radio (NR) access technology. Summary of the invention

[0005] According to one aspect, a device is provided, comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory, the at least one memory comprising computer code for one or more programs, the at least one memory and the computer code being configured to, together with the at least one processor, cause the device to at least: generate a synchronization signal for transmission over one or more symbols, wherein the number of symbols depends on a subcarrier spacing.

[0006] The smaller the subcarrier spacing, the fewer the number of symbols can be, and the larger the subcarrier spacing, the greater the number of symbols can be.

[0007] The synchronization signal may comprise one or more sequences.

[0008] The one or more sequences may include one or more pure m-sequences.

[0009] One or more sequences may be cyclically shifted by one or more cyclic shifts.

[0010] The one or more cyclic shifts for the one or more sequences may be selected among one or more sets of one or more cyclic shifts for the one or more sequences.

[0011] The number of the one or more cyclic shifts within each of the one or more sets of one or more cyclic shifts for each sequence of the one or more sequences may be the same.

[0012] The number of one or more cyclic shifts within each of the one or more sets of one or more cyclic shifts for each of the one or more sequences may depend on the number of one or more symbols.

[0013] The greater the number of the one or more symbols, the smaller the number of one or more cyclic shifts in each of the one or more sets of one or more cyclic shifts for each sequence in the one or more sequences can be, and the smaller the number of the one or more symbols, the greater the number of one or more cyclic shifts in each of the one or more sets of one or more cyclic shifts for each sequence in the one or more sequences can be.

[0014] The number of one or more cyclic shifts within one of one or more sets of one or more cyclic shifts for one of the one or more sequences may be different from the number of one or more cyclic shifts within a subsequent set of one or more sets for a subsequent sequence of the one or more sequences.

[0015] The cyclic shift of one of the one or more sequences may depend on the cyclic shift of a previous sequence of the one or more sequences.

[0016] Some of the one or more sequences may form reference signals for a physical broadcast channel and / or for radio resource management measurements.

[0017] The at least one memory and the computer program code may be configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to at least: transmit a synchronization signal on one or more symbols.

[0018] One of the one or more sequences may be cyclically shifted using a cyclic shift and transmitted on consecutive symbols.

[0019] The synchronization signal may be a secondary synchronization signal carrying a secondary synchronization signal identifier.

[0020] The secondary synchronization signal identifier may be defined by one or more sequences and / or one or more cyclic shifts of one or more sequences.

[0021] The number of symbols may depend on a primary synchronization signal identifier carried by the primary synchronization signal.

[0022] The at least one memory and the computer program code may be configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to at least: determine a primary synchronization signal identifier and / or a secondary synchronization signal identifier.

[0023] The primary synchronization signal identifier and / or the secondary synchronization signal identifier may convey information about a physical cell identifier and / or a logical index of a spatial beam.

[0024] According to one aspect, an apparatus is provided that includes circuitry configured to generate a synchronization signal for transmission via one or more symbols, wherein the number of symbols depends on a subcarrier spacing.

[0025] The smaller the subcarrier spacing, the fewer the number of symbols can be, and the larger the subcarrier spacing, the greater the number of symbols can be.

[0026] The synchronization signal may comprise one or more sequences.

[0027] The one or more sequences may include one or more pure m-sequences.

[0028] One or more sequences may be cyclically shifted by one or more cyclic shifts.

[0029] The one or more cyclic shifts of the one or more sequences may be selected among one or more sets of one or more cyclic shifts of the one or more sequences.

[0030] The number of the one or more cyclic shifts within each of the one or more sets of one or more cyclic shifts for each of the one or more sequences may be the same.

[0031] The number of one or more cyclic shifts within each of the one or more sets of one or more cyclic shifts for each of the one or more sequences may depend on the number of one or more symbols.

[0032] The greater the number of the one or more symbols, the smaller the number of one or more cyclic shifts in each of the one or more sets of one or more cyclic shifts for each sequence in the one or more sequences can be, and the smaller the number of the one or more symbols, the greater the number of one or more cyclic shifts in each of the one or more sets of one or more cyclic shifts for each sequence in the one or more sequences can be.

[0033] The number of one or more cyclic shifts within one of one or more sets of one or more cyclic shifts for one of the one or more sequences may be different from the number of one or more cyclic shifts within a subsequent set of one or more sets for a subsequent sequence in the one or more sequences.

[0034] The cyclic shift of one of the one or more sequences may depend on the cyclic shift of a previous sequence of the one or more sequences.

[0035] Some of the one or more sequences may form reference signals for a physical broadcast channel and / or for radio resource management measurements.

[0036] The apparatus may include circuitry configured to transmit a synchronization signal over one or more symbols.

[0037] One of the one or more sequences may be cyclically shifted using a cyclic shift and transmitted through consecutive symbols.

[0038] The synchronization signal may be a secondary synchronization signal carrying a secondary synchronization signal identifier.

[0039] The secondary synchronization signal identifier may be defined by one or more sequences and / or one or more cyclic shifts of one or more sequences.

[0040] The number of symbols may depend on a primary synchronization signal identifier carried by the primary synchronization signal.

[0041] The apparatus may include circuitry configured to determine a primary synchronization signal identifier and / or a secondary synchronization signal identifier.

[0042] The primary synchronization signal identifier and / or the secondary synchronization signal identifier may convey information about a physical cell identifier and / or a logical index of a spatial beam.

[0043] According to one aspect, an apparatus is provided that includes means for generating a synchronization signal for transmission via one or more symbols, wherein the number of symbols depends on a subcarrier spacing.

[0044] The smaller the subcarrier spacing, the fewer the number of symbols can be, and the larger the subcarrier spacing, the greater the number of symbols can be.

[0045] The synchronization signal may comprise one or more sequences.

[0046] The one or more sequences may include one or more pure m-sequences.

[0047] One or more sequences may be cyclically shifted using one or more cyclic shifts.

[0048] The one or more cyclic shifts of the one or more sequences may be selected among one or more sets of one or more cyclic shifts of the one or more sequences.

[0049] The number of the one or more cyclic shifts within each of the one or more sets of one or more cyclic shifts for each of the one or more sequences may be the same.

[0050] The number of one or more cyclic shifts within each of the one or more sets of one or more cyclic shifts for each of the one or more sequences may depend on the number of one or more symbols.

[0051] The greater the number of one or more symbols, the smaller the number of one or more cyclic shifts within each of one or more sets of one or more cyclic shifts for each sequence in the one or more sequences can be, and the smaller the number of one or more symbols, the greater the number of one or more cyclic shifts within each of one or more sets of one or more cyclic shifts for each sequence in the one or more sequences can be.

[0052] The number of one or more cyclic shifts within one of one or more sets of one or more cyclic shifts for one of the one or more sequences may be different from the number of one or more cyclic shifts within a subsequent set of one or more sets for a subsequent sequence in the one or more sequences.

[0053] The cyclic shift of one of the one or more sequences may depend on the cyclic shift of a previous sequence of the one or more sequences.

[0054] Some of the one or more sequences may form reference signals for a physical broadcast channel and / or for radio resource management measurements.

[0055] The apparatus may include means for transmitting a synchronization signal via one or more symbols.

[0056] One of the one or more sequences may be cyclically shifted with a cyclic shift and transmitted through consecutive symbols.

[0057] The synchronization signal may be a secondary synchronization signal carrying a secondary synchronization signal identifier.

[0058] The secondary synchronization signal identifier may be defined by one or more sequences and / or one or more cyclic shifts of one or more sequences.

[0059] The number of symbols may depend on a primary synchronization signal identifier carried by the primary synchronization signal.

[0060] The apparatus may include circuitry for determining a primary synchronization signal identifier and / or a secondary synchronization signal identifier.

[0061] The primary synchronization signal identifier and / or the secondary synchronization signal identifier may convey information about a physical cell identifier and / or a logical index of a spatial beam.

[0062] According to one aspect, a method is provided that includes generating a synchronization signal for transmission over one or more symbols, wherein the number of symbols depends on a subcarrier spacing.

[0063] The smaller the subcarrier spacing, the fewer the number of symbols can be, and the larger the subcarrier spacing, the greater the number of symbols can be.

[0064] The synchronization signal may comprise one or more sequences.

[0065] The one or more sequences may include one or more pure m-sequences.

[0066] One or more sequences may be cyclically shifted by one or more cyclic shifts.

[0067] The one or more cyclic shifts of the one or more sequences may be selected among one or more sets of one or more cyclic shifts of the one or more sequences.

[0068] The number of the one or more cyclic shifts within each of the one or more sets of one or more cyclic shifts for each sequence of the one or more sequences may be the same.

[0069] The number of one or more cyclic shifts within each of the one or more sets of one or more cyclic shifts for each of the one or more sequences may depend on the number of one or more symbols.

[0070] The greater the number of one or more symbols, the smaller the number of one or more cyclic shifts within each of one or more sets of one or more cyclic shifts for each sequence in the one or more sequences can be, and the smaller the number of one or more symbols, the greater the number of one or more cyclic shifts within each of one or more sets of one or more cyclic shifts for each sequence in the one or more sequences can be.

[0071] The number of one or more cyclic shifts within one of one or more sets of one or more cyclic shifts for one of the one or more sequences may be different from the number of one or more cyclic shifts within a subsequent set of one or more sets for a subsequent sequence in the one or more sequences.

[0072] The cyclic shift of one of the one or more sequences may depend on the cyclic shift of a previous sequence of the one or more sequences.

[0073] Some of the one or more sequences may form reference signals for a physical broadcast channel and / or for radio resource management measurements.

[0074] The method may include transmitting a synchronization signal on one or more symbols.

[0075] One of the one or more sequences may be cyclically shifted using a cyclic shift and transmitted on consecutive symbols.

[0076] The synchronization signal may be a secondary synchronization signal carrying a secondary synchronization signal identifier.

[0077] The secondary synchronization signal identifier may be defined by one or more sequences and / or one or more cyclic shifts of one or more sequences.

[0078] The number of symbols may depend on a primary synchronization signal identifier carried by the primary synchronization signal.

[0079] The method may comprise determining a primary synchronization signal identifier and / or a secondary synchronization signal identifier.

[0080] The primary synchronization signal identifier and / or the secondary synchronization signal identifier may convey information about a physical cell identifier and / or a logical index of a spatial beam.

[0081] According to one aspect, a computer program comprising computer executable code is provided, which when executed on at least one processor is configured to: generate a synchronization signal for transmission over one or more symbols, wherein the number of symbols depends on the subcarrier spacing.

[0082] The smaller the subcarrier spacing, the fewer the number of symbols can be, and the larger the subcarrier spacing, the greater the number of symbols can be.

[0083] The synchronization signal may comprise one or more sequences.

[0084] The one or more sequences may include one or more pure m-sequences.

[0085] One or more sequences may be cyclically shifted by one or more cyclic shifts.

[0086] The one or more cyclic shifts of the one or more sequences may be selected among one or more sets of one or more cyclic shifts of the one or more sequences.

[0087] The number of the one or more cyclic shifts within each of the one or more sets of one or more cyclic shifts for each of the one or more sequences may be the same.

[0088] The number of one or more cyclic shifts within each of the one or more sets of one or more cyclic shifts for each of the one or more sequences may depend on the number of one or more symbols.

[0089] The greater the number of one or more symbols, the smaller the number of one or more cyclic shifts within each of one or more sets of one or more cyclic shifts for each sequence in the one or more sequences can be, and the smaller the number of one or more symbols, the greater the number of one or more cyclic shifts within each of one or more sets of one or more cyclic shifts for each sequence in the one or more sequences can be.

[0090] The number of one or more cyclic shifts within one of one or more sets of one or more cyclic shifts for one of the one or more sequences may be different from the number of one or more cyclic shifts within a subsequent set of one or more sets for a subsequent sequence in the one or more sequences.

[0091] The cyclic shift of one of the one or more sequences may depend on the cyclic shift of a previous sequence of the one or more sequences.

[0092] Some of the one or more sequences may form reference signals for a physical broadcast channel and / or for radio resource management measurements.

[0093] The computer program may include computer executable code that, when executed on at least one processor, is configured to: transmit a synchronization signal on one or more symbols.

[0094] One of the one or more sequences may be cyclically shifted using a cyclic shift and sent on consecutive symbols.

[0095] The synchronization signal may be a secondary synchronization signal carrying a secondary synchronization signal identifier.

[0096] The secondary synchronization signal identifier may be defined by one or more sequences and / or one or more cyclic shifts of one or more sequences.

[0097] The number of symbols may depend on a primary synchronization signal identifier carried by the primary synchronization signal.

[0098] The computer program may include computer executable code which, when executed on at least one processor, is configured to: determine a primary synchronization signal identifier and / or a secondary synchronization signal identifier.

[0099] The primary synchronization signal identifier and / or the secondary synchronization signal identifier may convey information about a physical cell identifier and / or a logical index of a spatial beam.

[0100] According to one aspect, a device is provided, comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory, the at least one memory comprising computer code for one or more programs, the at least one memory and the computer code being configured to utilize the at least one processor to cause the device to at least perform the following operations: receive a synchronization signal on one or more symbols, wherein the number of symbols depends on the subcarrier spacing.

[0101] The synchronization signal may comprise one or more sequences.

[0102] The one or more sequences may include one or more pure m-sequences.

[0103] Receiving the synchronization signal via one or more symbols may include determining a cyclic shift of one or more sequences.

[0104] The synchronization signal may be a secondary synchronization signal carrying a secondary synchronization signal identifier.

[0105] Receiving the synchronization signal via the one or more symbols may include determining a secondary synchronization signal identifier based on a cyclic shift.

[0106] The at least one memory and the computer program code may be configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to at least: receive a primary synchronization signal carrying a primary synchronization signal identifier; and determine the primary synchronization signal identifier.

[0107] The at least one memory and the computer program code may be configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to at least: determine a number of one or more symbols based on a primary synchronization signal identifier.

[0108] The at least one memory and the computer program code may be configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to at least: determine a physical cell identifier using a primary synchronization signal identifier and a secondary synchronization signal identifier.

[0109] The at least one memory and the computer program code may be configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to at least: determine a logical index of a spatial beam using a primary synchronization signal identifier and a secondary synchronization signal identifier.

[0110] According to one aspect, an apparatus is provided that includes circuitry configured to receive a synchronization signal via one or more symbols, wherein the number of symbols depends on a subcarrier spacing.

[0111] The synchronization signal may comprise one or more sequences.

[0112] The one or more sequences may include one or more pure m-sequences.

[0113] Receiving the synchronization signal via the one or more symbols may include determining a cyclic shift of the one or more sequences.

[0114] The synchronization signal may be a secondary synchronization signal carrying a secondary synchronization signal identifier.

[0115] Receiving the synchronization signal via the one or more symbols may include determining a secondary synchronization signal identifier based on a cyclic shift.

[0116] The apparatus may include circuitry configured to: receive a primary synchronization signal carrying a primary synchronization signal identifier; and determine the primary synchronization signal identifier.

[0117] The apparatus may include circuitry configured to determine a number of one or more symbols based on a primary synchronization signal identifier.

[0118] The apparatus may include circuitry configured to determine a physical cell identifier using a primary synchronization signal identifier and a secondary synchronization signal identifier.

[0119] The apparatus may include circuitry configured to determine a logical index of a spatial beam using a primary synchronization signal identifier and a secondary synchronization signal identifier.

[0120] According to one aspect, there is provided an apparatus comprising means for:

[0121] According to one aspect, a method is provided that includes receiving a synchronization signal via one or more symbols, wherein the number of symbols depends on a subcarrier spacing.

[0122] The synchronization signal may comprise one or more sequences.

[0123] The one or more sequences may include one or more pure m-sequences.

[0124] Receiving the synchronization signal via one or more symbols may include determining a cyclic shift of one or more sequences.

[0125] The synchronization signal may be a secondary synchronization signal carrying a secondary synchronization signal identifier.

[0126] Receiving the synchronization signal via the one or more symbols may include determining a secondary synchronization signal identifier based on a cyclic shift.

[0127] The apparatus may include means for receiving a primary synchronization signal carrying a primary synchronization signal identifier; and determining the primary synchronization signal identifier.

[0128] The apparatus may include means for determining a number of one or more symbols based on a primary synchronization signal identifier.

[0129] The apparatus may include means for determining a physical cell identifier using a primary synchronization signal identifier and a secondary synchronization signal identifier.

[0130] The apparatus may include means for determining a logical index of a spatial beam using a primary synchronization signal identifier and a secondary synchronization signal identifier.

[0131] According to one aspect, a computer program comprising computer executable code is provided, which when executed on at least one processor is configured to: receive a synchronization signal by one or more symbols, wherein the number of symbols depends on a subcarrier spacing.

[0132] The synchronization signal may comprise one or more sequences.

[0133] The one or more sequences may include one or more pure m-sequences.

[0134] Receiving the synchronization signal via one or more symbols may include determining a cyclic shift of one or more sequences.

[0135] The synchronization signal may be a secondary synchronization signal carrying a secondary synchronization signal identifier.

[0136] Receiving the synchronization signal via the one or more symbols may include determining a secondary synchronization signal identifier based on a cyclic shift.

[0137] The method may include: receiving a primary synchronization signal carrying a primary synchronization signal identifier; and determining the primary synchronization signal identifier.

[0138] The method may include determining a number of one or more symbols based on a primary synchronization signal identifier.

[0139] The method may include determining a physical cell identifier using a primary synchronization signal identifier and a secondary synchronization signal identifier.

[0140] The method may include determining a logical index of a spatial beam using a primary synchronization signal identifier and a secondary synchronization signal identifier.

[0141] According to one aspect, a computer program comprising computer executable code is provided, which when executed on at least one processor is configured to: receive a synchronization signal by one or more symbols, wherein the number of symbols depends on a subcarrier spacing.

[0142] The synchronization signal may comprise one or more sequences.

[0143] The one or more sequences may include one or more pure m-sequences.

[0144] Receiving the synchronization signal via one or more symbols may include determining a cyclic shift of one or more sequences.

[0145] The synchronization signal may be a secondary synchronization signal carrying a secondary synchronization signal identifier.

[0146] Receiving the synchronization signal via the one or more symbols may include determining a secondary synchronization signal identifier based on a cyclic shift.

[0147] The computer program may include computer executable code which, when executed on at least one processor, is configured to: receive a primary synchronization signal carrying a primary synchronization signal identifier; and determine the primary synchronization signal identifier.

[0148] The computer program may include computer executable code that, when executed on at least one processor, is configured to determine a number of one or more symbols based on a primary synchronization signal identifier.

[0149] The computer program may include computer executable code which, when executed on at least one processor, is configured to determine a physical cell identifier using a primary synchronization signal identifier and a secondary synchronization signal identifier.

[0150] The computer program may include computer executable code which, when executed on at least one processor, is configured to determine a logical index of a spatial beam using a primary synchronization signal identifier and a secondary synchronization signal identifier.

[0151] According to one aspect, a computer-readable medium is provided, comprising program instructions stored thereon for performing at least one of the above methods.

[0152] According to one aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium is provided, comprising program instructions stored thereon for performing at least one of the above methods.

[0153] According to one aspect, a non-volatile tangible storage medium is provided, including program instructions stored thereon for performing at least one of the above methods.

[0154] In the above, many different aspects have been described. It should be appreciated that other aspects may be provided by combining any two or more of the above aspects.

[0155] Various other aspects are also described in the following detailed description and appended claims.

[0156] List of abbreviations

[0157] AF: Application Function

[0158] AUSF: Authentication Server Function

[0159] AMF: Access Management Function

[0160] BPSK: Binary Phase Shift Keying

[0161] BWP: Bandwidth Part

[0162] CDF: Cumulative distribution function

[0163] CP: Cyclic Prefix

[0164] CU: Centralized Unit

[0165] DMRS: Demodulation Reference Signal

[0166] DN: Data Network

[0167] DU: Distributed Unit

[0168] FFT: Fast Fourier Transform

[0169] FR1: Frequency Range 1

[0170] FR2: Frequency Range 2

[0171] GNB: gNodeB

[0172] GSM: Global System for Mobile Communications

[0173] HSS: Home Subscriber Server

[0174] ID: Identifier

[0175] IFFT: Inverse Fast Fourier Transform

[0176] IoT: Internet of Things

[0177] IP: Internet Protocol

[0178] L1-RSRP: Layer 1 reference signal received power

[0179] LTE: Long Term Evolution

[0180] NEF: Network Exposure Function

[0181] NR: New Radio

[0182] MS: Mobile Station

[0183] MTC: Machine Type Communication

[0184] OFDM: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

[0185] PA: Power Amplifier

[0186] PAR: Peak to Average Ratio

[0187] PBCH: Physical Broadcast Channel

[0188] PCI: Physical Cell Identifier

[0189] PRB: Physical Resource Block

[0190] PSS: Primary Synchronization Signal

[0191] RAM: Random Access Memory

[0192] RAN: Radio Access Network

[0193] RF: Radio Frequency

[0194] ROM: Read Only Memory

[0195] RRM: Radio Resource Management

[0196] SCS: Subcarrier Spacing

[0197] SI: Research Projects

[0198] SMF: Session Management Function

[0199] SSB: Synchronization Signal Block

[0200] SSS: Secondary synchronization signal

[0201] UDM: User Data Management

[0202] UE: User Equipment

[0203] UMTS: Universal Mobile Telecommunications System

[0204] USB: Universal Serial Bus

[0205] V2X: Vehicle to Everything

[0206] 3GPP: 3rd Generation Partnership Project

[0207] 5G: 5th Generation

[0208] 5GC: 5G Core Network

[0209] 5GRAN: 5G Radio Access Network

[0210] 5GS: 5G System BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0211] Embodiments will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0212] Figure 1 A schematic representation of a 5G system (5GS) is shown;

[0213] Figure 2 A schematic representation of the control arrangement is shown;

[0214] Figure 3 A schematic representation of a terminal is shown;

[0215] Figure 4 A schematic representation of a digital basic configuration for transmission of frequency carriers below 52.6 GHz and above 52.6 GHz is shown;

[0216] Figure 5 shows a schematic representation of the peak-to-average ratio of the secondary synchronization signal;

[0217] Figure 6 A schematic representation of a method of generating and transmitting a secondary synchronization signal, for example performed by a base station, is shown;

[0218] Figure 7 A schematic representation showing a method of receiving a secondary synchronization signal, for example performed by a terminal; and

[0219] Figure 8 A schematic representation of a non-volatile memory medium storing instructions that, when executed by a processor, allow the processor to perform Figure 6 and Figure 7 One or more of the steps of any of the methods. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0220] In the following, certain embodiments are explained with reference to a mobile communication device capable of communicating via a wireless cellular system and a mobile communication system serving such a mobile communication device. Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 Certain general principles of wireless communication systems, their access systems and mobile communication devices are briefly explained to assist in understanding the technology based on the described examples.

[0221] Figure 1 A schematic representation of a 5G system (5GS) is shown. The 5GS may include a terminal, a 5G radio access network (5GRAN), a 5G core network (5GC), one or more application functions (AFs), and one or more data networks (DNs).

[0222] The 5G RAN may include one or more gNodeB (GNB) distributed unit functions connected to one or more gNodeB (GNB) centralized unit functions.

[0223] 5GC may include access management function (AMF), session management function (SMF), authentication server function (AUSF), user data management (UDM), user plane function (UPF) and / or network exposure function (NEF).

[0224] Figure 2 The diagram shows the Figure 1 An example of a control device 200 for the functions of a 5GRAN or 5GC illustrated in FIG. The control device may include at least one random access memory (RAM) 211a, at least one read-only memory (ROM) 211b, at least one processor 212, 213, and an input / output interface 214. At least one processor 212, 213 may be coupled to the RAM 211a and the ROM 211b. At least one processor 212, 213 may be configured to execute a suitable software code 215. The software code 215 may, for example, allow one or more steps to be performed to perform one or more aspects of the aspects of the present invention. The software code 215 may be stored in the ROM 211b. The control device 200 may be interconnected with another control device 200 that controls another function of the 5GRAN or 5GC. In some embodiments, each function of the 5GRAN or 5GC includes a control device 200. In an alternative embodiment, two or more functions of the 5GRAN or 5GC may share a control device.

[0225] Figure 3 The terminal 300 (such as Figure 1 ) as an example of a terminal illustrated in . The terminal 300 may be provided by any device capable of sending and receiving radio signals. Non-limiting examples include user equipment, a mobile station (MS) or a mobile device (such as a mobile phone or a thing called a 'smart phone'), a computer provided with a wireless interface card or other wireless interface facilities (such as a USB adapter), a personal data assistant (PDA) or a tablet provided with wireless communication capabilities, a machine type communication (MTC) device, an Internet of Things (IoT) type communication device or any combination of these devices, etc. The terminal 300 may provide, for example, data communications for bearer communications. The communication may be one or more of: voice, email (mail), text message, multimedia, data, machine data, etc.

[0226] The mobile device 300 may receive signals over the air or radio interface 307 via suitable means for receiving radio signals, and may transmit signals via suitable means for transmitting radio signals. Figure 3In FIG. 3 , a transceiver arrangement is schematically designated by a block 306. The transceiver arrangement 306 may be provided, for example, by means of a radio part and an associated antenna arrangement. The antenna arrangement may be arranged internally or externally to the mobile device.

[0227] The terminal 300 may be provided with at least one processor 301, at least one memory ROM 302a, at least one RAM 302b and other possible components 303 for software and hardware assisted execution of the tasks it is designed to perform, including controlling access to and communication with access systems and other communication devices. The at least one processor 301 is coupled to the RAM 302a and the ROM 302b. The at least one processor 301 may be configured to execute suitable software code 308. The software code 308 may, for example, allow one or more of the aspects of the present invention to be performed. The software code 308 may be stored in the ROM 302b.

[0228] The processor, storage device and other related control devices can be arranged on a suitable circuit board and / or in a chipset. This feature is represented by reference numeral 304. The device may optionally have a user interface, such as a keyboard 305, a touch sensitive screen or touch pad, a combination thereof, etc. Optionally, one or more of a display, a speaker and a microphone may be provided depending on the type of device.

[0229] One or more of the following aspects relate to 5GS. However, it should be understood that similar aspects may relate to other systems.

[0230] One or more of the following aspects relate to a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) design for operating on a frequency carrier above 52.6 GHz. However, it should be understood that similar aspects may relate to other synchronization signals and / or synchronization signals for use on a frequency carrier within another frequency range.

[0231] New Radio (NR) Release 15 defines operation on frequency carriers up to 52.6 GHz, so the physical layer channels have been designed and optimized for frequency carriers up to 52.6 GHz. Frequency carriers above 52.6 GHz can contain large spectrum allocations and can support many high-capacity use cases.

[0232] Spectrum allocations, use cases, deployment scenarios and requirements for operation on frequency carriers above 52.6 GHz are currently being discussed within the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Radio Access Network (RAN) as part of a RAN-led Study Item (SI) and will ultimately be standardized within the Release 17 or Release 18 timeframe.

[0233] “RP-182066 Amendment SID for Study of NR Beyond 52.6 GHz” discusses spectrum allocations for operation on frequency carriers above 52.6 GHz.

[0234] Potential high millimeter wave bands for 5G and beyond systems may be: 70 GHz to 114 GHz, 80 GHz to 114 GHz, or 92 GHz to 114 GHz.

[0235] “RP-180453 New SID on NR Waveforms Above 52.6 GHz” and “RP-180320 Study on NR Design for Above 52.6 Hz” discuss waveform design for operation on frequency carriers above 52.6 GHz and physical layer design for operation on frequency carriers above 52.6 GHz.

[0236] The waveform design and / or physical layer design may take into account one or more of the following aspects: efficient transceiver design, including power efficiency and complexity; improved coverage to cope with extreme propagation losses; and physical layer channel design inherited from the NR Release 15 Work Item (WI) for operation on frequency carriers below 52.6 GHz, where applicable.

[0237] Next generation systems operating on frequency carriers above 52.6 GHz may have to deal with increased path loss, larger antenna arrays, and less efficient radio frequency (RF) components, such as power amplifiers (PAs). As a result, these systems may be more noise limited, especially at the cell edge, which may cause the need to obtain more power from the PA. Low peak-to-average ratio (PAR) waveforms may be preferred for all channels because they allow the PA to operate at higher power to maintain coverage.

[0238] In a cellular network (such as a 5G cellular network), a base station may broadcast synchronization signals to allow a terminal to acquire frame timing and obtain a physical cell identifier (PCI). The synchronization signals may include a primary synchronization signal (PSS) and a secondary synchronization signal (SSS).

[0239] The PSS may be transmitted on one Orthogonal Frequency Duplex Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol reserved for the PSS and one hundred and twenty-seven subcarriers. The PSS may be used for initial symbol timing and frequency synchronization with a cell.

[0240] The SSS may also be sent on one OFDM symbol reserved for the SSS and one hundred and twenty-seven subcarriers. The SSS may be used together with the PSS to carry the PCI. The SSS may also be used for cell-level radio resource management (RRM) measurements and / or intra-cell synchronization signal block (SSB) beam measurements, such as layer 1 (i.e., physical layer) reference signal received power (L1-RSRP).

[0241] It should be understood that the sequence length, and therefore the number of carriers used for PSS and / or SSS, is not necessarily equal to one hundred and twenty-seven. For example, for NR evolution, it may be less than one hundred and twenty-seven or greater than one hundred and twenty-seven.

[0242] In some implementations, the PSS may include a single sequence transmitted on a single OFDM symbol. The sequence may be constructed based on an m-sequence modulated by a frequency domain length-127 binary phase shift keying (BPSK). The generated m-sequence may be further cyclically shifted by one of three possible cyclic shifts (e.g., 0, 43, or 86 steps) to obtain one of three possible PSS sequences, which carries one of three possible PSS identifiers (PSS IDs) (e.g., 0, 1, 2). The PSS ID defines the index of a cell identifier in a cell identifier group.

[0243] It should be understood that the number of possible cyclic shifts is not necessarily equal to three. For example, in future systems, it may be less than three or greater than three.

[0244] The SSS may include multiple sequences transmitted over a single OFDM symbol reserved for the SSS. The sequence may be constructed based on element-wise multiplication of two frequency domain lengths, 127BPSK modulated m-sequences shifted by different cyclic shifts. There may be one m-sequence shifted by one of one hundred and twelve cyclic shifts and another m-sequence shifted by one of three cyclic shifts, together forming three hundred and thirty-six possible sequences (i.e., 112×3=336) and therefore three hundred and thirty-six possible SSS identifiers (SSS IDs) (e.g., 0, 1, ..., 335). The SSS ID defines a cell identity group. The PSS ID and the SSS ID together form one PCI out of one thousand and eight PCIs (i.e., 3×336=1008).

[0245] PCI can be expressed as follows, where:

[0246] The SSS ID defines a group of cell identifiers (e.g., 0, 1, ..., 335), and

[0247] The PSS ID defines the index (eg, 0, 1, 2) of a cell identifier in a cell identifier group.

[0248] PCI=3×SSSID+PSSID

[0249] Support for multiple transport digital basic configurations is a feature in NR. Table 4.2-1 captured from TS38.211 shows the transport digital basic configurations supported by NR and the associated subcarrier spacing (SCS) and cyclic prefix (CP), where μ represents the transport digital basic configuration and Δf represents the SCS.

[0250] μ <![CDATA[Δf=2 μ ·15[kHz]]]> Cyclic Prefix (CP) 0 15 normal 1 30 normal 2 60 Normal, Extended 3 120 normal 4 240 normal

[0251] It has been observed that using a larger SCS may result in one or more of the following: larger carrier bandwidth for a given Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) size, shorter symbol duration and potentially lower latency, smaller channel access overhead due to finer-grained timeslot design, reduced sensitivity to phase noise, and reduced cyclic prefix (CP) length.

[0252] NR Release 15 can support a fractional bandwidth (BWP) size of up to two hundred and seventy-five physical resource blocks (PRBs). This means that the maximum BWP size according to NR Release 15 can be 396 MHz (i.e., 0.12×12×275=396). In fact, for frequency carriers below 52.6 GHz, 120 kHz SCS can be the maximum possible SCS, and a frequency carrier can include twelve frequency subcarriers. 240 kHz SCS can only be used for SSB.

[0253] For frequency carriers above 52.6 GHz where the channel bandwidth can be up to 10 GHz, this may not be enough. In addition, the phase noise may also increase. A larger SCS can be introduced to address the phase noise and provide a larger carrier bandwidth with a reasonable FFT size. This can be achieved by extending the transmission digital basic configuration scaling framework defined in NR Release 15 to support Figure 4 The additional transmission digital basic configuration μ shown in is implemented.

[0254] The transmission digital basic configuration μ may determine the SCS, IFFT / FFT block length and clock rate associated with LTE. For example, there may be 2 μ SCS scaling, IFFT / FFT block length 2 μ and clock rate 2 μ .

[0255] The SCS of PSS or SSS may depend on different frequency ranges. For example, for frequency range 1 (FR1), the SCS may be 15kHz, 30kHz, or 60kHz. For frequency range 2 (FR2), the SCS may be 60kHz and 120kHz. For frequency ranges above 52.6GHz, the SCS may be 240kHz, 480kHz, 960kHz, 1920kHz, or 3840kHz (or a subset of these).

[0256] The SCS of the data signal may also depend on different frequency ranges. For example, for the case below 6 GHz, the SCS may be 15 kHz or 30 kHz or 60 kHz, while for the case above 6 GHz, the SCS may be 60 kHz or 120 kHz.

[0257] According to "RP-182066 Revision SID for Study of NR Beyond 52.6 GHz", the physical layer channel design for above 52.6 GHz may inherit the physical layer channel design for below 52.6 GHz from the NR Release 15 Work Item (WI) where applicable. The coverage of the NR Release 15 synchronization signal may be limited by the structure of the Release 15 SSS for applications above 52.6 GHz. This may be due to the fact that the PA may generate less power for the SSS than the PSS due to the higher PAR of the SSS.

[0258] As explained above, in some embodiments, the PSS may include one of three possible sequences transmitted via one OFDM symbol reserved for the PSS and one hundred and twenty-seven subcarriers. The PAR of the PSS may be 5.7 dB, 5.0 dB, or 4.5 dB.

[0259] SSS may include one of one thousand and eight possible sequences transmitted via one OFDM symbol and one hundred and twenty-seven subcarriers. The PAR of SSS may vary between 6 dB and 10 dB, as Figure 5 In other words, the PAR of SSS can be as much as 4 dB higher than the PAR of PSS (4 dB can refer to a 1% difference in cumulative distribution function (CDF)).

[0260] On the other hand, it may be desirable to reuse the same site for different mmWave radios. However, the link budget difference between SCS 240kHz (a typical PSS or SSS SCS for FR2) and 1920kHz (one of the possible candidate values ​​for SCS of PSS or SSS for frequency carriers above 52.6GHz) is as high as 9dB (i.e., 10×log10(1920 / 240)=9dB). This already means almost a tenfold loss in coverage, which may be unacceptable for the network to operate normally.

[0261] Furthermore, the number of PCIs may be limited by small cell deployments for frequency carriers above 52.6 GHz.

[0262] In the LTE vehicle-to-everything (V2X) sidelink (SL) synchronization signal design, the number of OFDM symbols reserved for PSS and the number of OFDM symbols reserved for SSS can be two to increase coverage. Correspondingly, the number of SL-PSS and SL-SSS symbols has been discussed for the NR SL-SSB design. In this context, it has been agreed that the number of OFDM symbols used for SL-PSS and SL-SSS can be increased from one to two (compared to NR-Uu) for all SCS values. In addition, in the case of SL-PSS (R1-1906012) and SL-SSS (R1-1905441), consideration has been given to having the same or different sequences in each symbol in the symbol.

[0263] One or more of the following aspects relate to SSS design for frequency carriers above 52.6 GHz. The SSS may be split into several OFDM symbols by using pure m-sequences rather than multiplied sequences. The number of OFDM symbols used for the SSS may depend on the SCS, such that higher SCS values ​​may require a greater number of OFDM symbols for the SSS to compensate for the coverage loss due to the shorter symbol duration.

[0264] According to one aspect, the number of OFDM symbols used for the SSS may depend on the subcarrier spacing as follows:

[0265] -240kHz: 1 OFDM symbol (reference)

[0266] -480kHz: 2 OFDM symbols

[0267] -960kHz: 4 OFDM symbols

[0268] -3840kHz: 16 OFDM symbols

[0269] -wait.

[0270] According to one aspect, a sequence may be constructed based on an m-sequence of cyclic shifts. For example, a first OFDM symbol in two OFDM symbol lengths SSS may include an m-sequence with one possible cyclic shift out of nineteen possible cyclic shifts, and a second OFDM symbol in two OFDM symbol lengths SSS may include another m-sequence with one possible cyclic shift out of nineteen possible cyclic shifts. Thus, the SSS ID may be one possible SSS ID out of one thousand and eight possible SSS IDs. The PCI formed by the PSS ID and the SSS ID may be one PCI out of one thousand and eighty-three PCIs (i.e., 3*361=1083).

[0271] According to one aspect, all PCIs (e.g., 1083) may be used as valid PCIs. Alternatively, only one set of all PCIs (e.g., <1083) may be used as valid PCIs. The set may be selected in a predefined manner based on predefined criteria (e.g., PAR or cyclic shift difference—e.g., the set may include the PCI with the lowest PAR, or the set may include the PCI with the longest cyclic shift difference).

[0272] The number of possible cyclic shifts for each m-sequence may decrease as the number of OFDM symbols used for the SSS increases. For example, for a 960 kHz SCS, the number of possible cyclic shifts for each m-sequence may be three (e.g., 0, 43, and 86). In contrast, for a 1920 kHz or 3840 kHz SCS, the number of possible cyclic shifts for each m-sequence may be less than three. Thus, for a 960 kHz SCS, the SSS ID may be one possible SSS ID (3 6 =729 - assuming that the SSS is transmitted through six OFDM symbols in the example). The PCI formed by the PSS ID and the SSS ID can be one PCI among two thousand one hundred and eighty-seven PCIs (3*729=2187).

[0273] According to one aspect, the number of cyclic shifts for each m-sequence may not be constant. For example, for a 960 kHz SCS, the first five first OFDM symbols may carry an m-sequence shifted by one of three possible cyclic shifts, and the last OFDM symbol may carry an m-sequence shifted by one of two possible cyclic shifts. Thus, for a 960 kHz SCS, the SSS ID may be one of one thousand and eight possible SSS IDs (i.e., 3 5*2=486). A PCI formed by the PSS ID and the SSS ID may be one PCI among two thousand one hundred and eighty-seven PCIs (ie, 3*486=1458).

[0274] According to one aspect, one or more predefined m-sequences may be repeated in consecutive OFDM symbols for the SSS, preferably while maintaining the same cyclic shift. This may be used as a way to improve the coverage of the m-sequences.

[0275] According to one aspect, the number of concatenated m-sequences may depend on the SCS and therefore on the number of OFDM symbols used for the SSS. This may enable a large number of PCIs. For example, the greater the number of OFDM symbols used for the SSS, the greater the number of concatenated m-sequences. Alternatively, the fewer the number of OFDM symbols used for the SSS, the smaller the number of concatenated m-sequences. For example, if the number of OFDM symbols used for the SSS is equal to eight, then the number of concatenated m-sequences may be equal to eight. If the number of OFDM symbols used for the SSS is equal to four, then the number of concatenated m-sequences may be equal to four.

[0276] According to one aspect, the number of OFDM symbols used for the SSS (and therefore the number of OFDM symbols that a terminal may expect for the SSS) may depend on the PSS ID. For example, for a given SCS, the detected PSS ID may be used to determine how many OFDM symbols are used for the SSS.

[0277] According to one aspect, the detected m-sequence can be used to determine how many OFDM symbols are used for SSS.The detected m-sequence in an OFDM symbol used for SSS can determine how many subsequent OFDM symbols are used for SSS.

[0278] According to one aspect, a detected m-sequence in an OFDM symbol for SSS may determine whether a subsequent OFDM symbol is for SSS.

[0279] According to one aspect, the PSS ID carried by the PSS and the SSS ID carried by the SSS may convey information on a logical index of a used spatial beam.

[0280] According to one aspect, the cyclic shift of the n-th m-sequence transmitted on the n-1th OFDM symbol used for SSS can depend on the cyclic shift of the n-1th cyclic shift transmitted by the n-1th OFDM symbol used for SSS. For example, there can be an m-sequence in the n-1th SSS symbol shifted by one of six cyclic shifts (e.g., 0, 13, 26, 39, 52, 65) and another m-sequence in the n-1th SSS symbol shifted by one of three cyclic shifts (e.g., 0, 43, and 86). If the m-sequence in the n-1th SSS symbol is shifted by 0, then the m-sequence in the n-1th SSS symbol can only be shifted by 0 or 13. If the m-sequence in the n-1th SSS symbol is shifted by 43, then the n-1th SSS symbol can only be shifted by 26 or 39.

[0281] According to one aspect, the last k m-sequences in a set of m-sequences transmitted over a set of OFDM symbols for SSS may be used as reference signals (RS), such as, for example, demodulation reference signals (DMRS) for a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) and / or for cell-level radio resource management (RRM) measurements, where k is an integer greater than or equal to 1. This may provide sufficient “separability” for RSs of SSSs toward other cells when used for DMRS and cell-level measurements.

[0282] According to one aspect, the terminal may first detect the PSS. Based on the detected PSS and predefined rules / parameters, the terminal may locate resource elements (e.g., OFDM symbol positions and / or frequency subcarriers) for the SSS. The terminal may determine the cyclic shift of each m-sequence transmitted through each OFDM symbol for the SSS. The SSS ID may be detected based on the detected cyclic shift m-sequence transmitted through each OFDM symbol for the SSS in the following manner (this assumes that repetition is not applied to the m-sequence), where:

[0283] M is the number of OFDM symbols used for SSS,

[0284] m is one of the OFDM symbols used for SSS, m=0, 1, ..., M-1

[0285] C(m) is the number of possible cyclic shifts of OFDM symbol m for SSS, and

[0286] c(m) is the detected cyclic shift for OFDM symbol m-1 of the SSS.

[0287]

[0288] The PCI may be detected based on the detected PSS ID and the detected SSS ID in the following manner, wherein:

[0289] P is the number of possible PSS IDs carried by the PSS, and

[0290] PSS ID is a PSS ID carried by the PSS, PSS ID = 0, 1, (P-1).

[0291] PCI=P×SSSID+PSSID

[0292] One or more of the above aspects may provide one or more of the following advantages: improved coverage of SSS (due to repetition, due to reduced PAR-, Figure 6 The significant PAR reduction for using SSS split into several symbols is illustrated in FIG), scaling to different transmission digital base configurations and different coverage scenarios, scaling to any number of required PCIs.

[0293] Figure 6 A schematic representation of a method of generating and transmitting a secondary synchronization signal, for example performed by a base station, is shown.

[0294] In step 600, the base station may determine a PSS ID.

[0295] In step 604, the base station may generate a PSS carrying a PSS ID for transmission through one or more symbols reserved for the PSS.

[0296] The number of OFDM symbols reserved for the PSS and used for PSS transmission may be fixed. Alternatively, the number of OFDM symbols reserved for the PSS and used for PSS transmission may be variable and, for example, depend on the SCS. For example, the larger the SCS, the larger the number of OFDM symbols reserved for the PSS and used for PSS transmission. The smaller the SCS, the smaller the number of OFDM symbols reserved for the PSS and used for PSS transmission.

[0297] The base station may generate one or more sequences for transmission through corresponding OFDM symbols reserved for PSS and used for PSS transmission. More specifically, the base station may generate one or more pure m-sequences (ie, m-sequences not obtained by multiplying multiple m-sequences).

[0298] The base station may shift the one or more sequences by one or more cyclic shifts based on the PSS ID. The one or more cyclic shifts may be selected from one or more possible cyclic shifts of the one or more sequences. The selection of the one or more sequences may be based at least in part on the PAR of the one or more sequences.

[0299] In an example, the number of symbols reserved for PSS and used for PSS transmission may be equal to one, and the base station may generate a pure m-sequence for transmission through OFDM symbols reserved for PSS and used for PSS transmission. The base station may shift the sequence with a cyclic shift. The cyclic shift may be selected among three possible cyclic shifts of the m-sequence based on the PSS ID.

[0300] In step 606, the base station may transmit the PSS via one or more symbols reserved for the PSS and used for PSS transmission. The PSS may be transmitted in a frequency range higher than 52.6 GHz.

[0301] In step 608, the base station may determine the SSS ID.

[0302] In step 610, the base station may generate an SSS carrying an SSS ID for transmission through one or more OFDM symbols reserved for the SSS.

[0303] The number of OFDM symbols reserved for the SSS and used for SSS transmission may depend on the SCS. For example, the larger the SCS, the larger the number of OFDM symbols reserved for the SSS and used for SSS transmission. The smaller the SCS, the smaller the number of OFDM symbols reserved for the SSS and used for SSS transmission. Alternatively or in addition, the number of OFDM symbols reserved for the SSS and used for SSS transmission may depend on the PSS ID.

[0304] The base station may generate one or more sequences for transmission through corresponding OFDM symbols reserved for SSS and used for SSS transmission. More specifically, the base station may generate one or more pure m-sequences (ie, m-sequences not obtained by multiplying multiple m-sequences).

[0305] The base station may shift the one or more sequences by one or more cyclic shifts.The one or more cyclic shifts may be selected among the one or more possible cyclic shifts of the one or more sequences based on the SSS ID.

[0306] The number of possible cyclic shifts for each sequence may be the same. The number of possible cyclic shifts for each sequence may depend on the number of OFDM symbols reserved for SSS and used for SSS transmission. For example, the greater the number of OFDM symbols reserved for SSS and used for SSS transmission, the smaller the number of possible cyclic shifts for each sequence. For example, the fewer the number of OFDM symbols reserved for SSS and used for SSS transmission, the greater the number of possible cyclic shifts for each sequence.

[0307] The number of possible cyclic shifts of a sequence may be different from the number of possible cyclic shifts of a subsequent sequence. For example, the number of possible cyclic shifts of a sequence may be greater than the number of possible cyclic shifts of a subsequent sequence. Alternatively, the number of possible cyclic shifts of a sequence may be less than the number of possible cyclic shifts of a subsequent sequence.

[0308] The cyclic shift of a sequence may depend on the cyclic shift of a previous sequence.Alternatively or additionally, the cyclic shift of a sequence may depend on the cyclic shift of a subsequent sequence.

[0309] Some sequences may form reference signals for PBCH and / or for PRM measurements. For example, the last k sequences of a sequence may form reference signals for PBCH and / or for RRM measurements, where k is an integer equal to or greater than one. Alternatively, the first k sequences of a sequence may form reference signals for PBCH and / or for RRM measurements, where k is an integer equal to or greater than one.

[0310] In step 610, the base station may transmit the SSS via one or more OFDM symbols reserved for the SSS and used for SSS transmission. The SSS may be transmitted in a frequency range higher than 52.6 GHz.

[0311] More specifically, the base station may transmit one or more sequences through one or more OFDM symbols reserved for the SSS and used for SSS transmission.

[0312] It should be understood that the base station may transmit the same sequence shifted by the same cyclic shift through consecutive OFDM symbols reserved for the SSS and used for SSS transmission.

[0313] Alternatively or additionally, the base station may transmit the same sequence shifted with different cyclic shifts over consecutive OFDM symbols reserved for the SSS and used for SSS transmission.

[0314] Alternatively or additionally, the base station may transmit different sequences shifted by the same cyclic shift over consecutive OFDM symbols reserved for the SSS and used for SSS transmission.

[0315] Alternatively or additionally, the base station may transmit different sequences shifted with different cyclic shifts through consecutive OFDM symbols reserved for the SSS and used for SSS transmission.

[0316] The PSS ID and / or SSS ID may convey information about the PCI of the cell served by the base station.Alternatively or additionally, the PSS ID and / or SSS ID may convey information about the logical index of the spatial beam of the cell served by the base station.

[0317] Figure 7A schematic representation of a method of receiving a secondary synchronization signal, for example performed by a terminal, is shown.

[0318] In step 700, the terminal may receive the PSS carrying the PSS ID through one or more OFDM symbols reserved for the PSS and used for PSS reception from the base station. The terminal may receive the PSS in a frequency range higher than 52.6 GHz.

[0319] In step 702, the terminal may determine a PSS ID based on the PSS.

[0320] The terminal may receive one or more sequences through corresponding OFDM symbols reserved for the PSS and used for PSS transmission. More specifically, the terminal may receive one or more pure m-sequences (i.e., the m-sequence is not obtained by multiplying multiple m-sequences). The terminal may determine the cyclic shift of the sequence and may determine the PSS ID based on the cyclic shift.

[0321] In an example, the number of symbols reserved for the PSS and used for PSS transmission may be equal to one. The terminal may receive a sequence. More specifically, the terminal may receive a pure m-sequence (i.e., an m-sequence is not obtained by multiplying multiple m-sequences). The terminal may determine a cyclic shift of the sequence and may determine the PSS ID based on the cyclic shift.

[0322] In step 704, the terminal may receive the SSS carrying the SSS ID through one or more OFDM symbols reserved for the SSS and used for SSS reception from the base station. The terminal may receive the SSS in a frequency range higher than 52.6 GHz.

[0323] In step 706, the terminal may determine an SSS ID based on the SSS.

[0324] As discussed above, the number of OFDM symbols reserved for SSS and used for SSS transmission may depend on the SCS. For example, the larger the SCS, the smaller the number of OFDM symbols reserved for SSS and used for SSS transmission. The smaller the SCS, the larger the number of OFDM symbols reserved for SSS and used for SSS transmission. Additionally or alternatively, the number of OFDM symbols reserved for SSS and used for SSS transmission may depend on the PSS ID. Thus, the terminal may determine the number of OFDM symbols reserved for SSS and used for SSS transmission based on the SCS and / or PSSID.

[0325] The terminal may receive one or more sequences. More specifically, the terminal may receive one or more pure m-sequences (ie, the m-sequence is not obtained by multiplying m-sequences). The terminal may determine the cyclic shift of the sequence and may determine the SSS ID based on the cyclic shift.

[0326] In step 708, the terminal may determine the PCI based on the PSS ID and the SSS ID.

[0327] Alternatively or additionally, the terminal may determine a logical index of a spatial beam based on a PSS ID and / or an SSS ID.

[0328] Alternatively or additionally, the terminal may use some sequences as reference signals for PBCH and / or for PRM measurement.

[0329] Figure 8 Schematic representations of non-volatile memory media 800a (e.g., a computer compact disk (CD) or digital versatile disk (DVD)) and 800b (e.g., a universal serial bus (USB) memory stick) are shown, which store instructions and / or parameters 802 that, when executed by a processor, allow the processor to perform Figure 6 and Figure 7 One or more of the steps of the method.

[0330] It should be noted that while the above describes exemplifying embodiments, there are several variations and modifications which may be made to the disclosed solution without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0331] Therefore, the embodiments may vary within the scope of the appended claims. In general, some embodiments may be implemented using hardware or dedicated circuits, software, logic, or any combination thereof. For example, some aspects may be implemented using hardware, while other aspects may be implemented using firmware or software that can be executed by a controller, microprocessor, or other computing device, but the embodiments are not limited thereto. Although various embodiments may be illustrated and described as block diagrams, flow charts, or using some other graphical representations, it should be well understood that the boxes, devices, systems, techniques, or methods described herein may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, dedicated circuits or logic, general hardware or controllers or other computing devices, or some combination thereof as non-limiting examples.

[0332] The embodiments may be implemented by computer software stored in a memory and executable by at least one data processor of the entity involved, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware. Further, in this regard, it should be noted that, for example, Figure 6 and Figure 7Any process in the software may represent program steps, or interconnected logic circuits, blocks and functions, or a combination of program steps and logic circuits, blocks and functions. The software may be stored on physical media such as memory chips or memory blocks implemented within a processor, magnetic media such as hard disk or floppy disks, and optical media such as, for example, DVD and its data variants CD.

[0333] The memory may be of any type suitable for the local technical environment, and the memory may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as semiconductor-based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory, and removable memory. The data processor may be of any type suitable for the local technical environment, and may include one or more of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a gate circuit, and a processor based on a multi-core processor architecture as non-limiting examples.

[0334] Alternatively or additionally, some embodiments may be implemented using a circuit system. The circuit system may be configured to perform one or more of the previously described functions and / or method steps. The circuit system may be provided in a base station and / or a communication device.

[0335] As used in this application, the term "circuitry" may refer to one, more, or all of the following:

[0336] (a) pure hardware circuit implementation (such as implementation in pure analog and / or digital circuit systems);

[0337] (b) A combination of hardware circuitry and software, such as:

[0338] (i) A combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuit(s) with software / firmware and

[0339] (ii) any portion of hardware processor(s) and software (including digital signal processor(s), software and memory(s) that work together to enable an apparatus (such as a communication device or base station) to perform the various functions previously described; and

[0340] (c) Hardware circuits and / or processors, such as microprocessor(s) or portions of microprocessor(s), that require software (e.g., firmware) to operate, but which software may not be present when the software is not required to operate.

[0341] This definition of circuitry applies to all uses of the term in this application, including in any claims. As another example, as used in this application, the term "circuitry" also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors), or a portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware. The term "circuitry" also covers, for example, an integrated device.

[0342] The foregoing description has provided a complete and informative description of some embodiments by way of exemplary and non-limiting examples. However, various modifications and variations may become apparent to those skilled in the relevant arts in view of the foregoing description when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the appended claims. However, all such and similar modifications of the teachings will still fall within the scope as defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A device for communication, comprising: at least one processor; as well as at least one memory including computer program code; The at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to at least: generating a secondary synchronization signal SSS for transmission over one or more symbols, wherein the number of symbols depends on the subcarrier spacing; wherein the synchronization signal comprises one or more sequences, and the one or more sequences are cyclically shifted using one or more cyclic shifts; wherein the one or more cyclic shifts for the one or more sequences are selected among one or more sets of one or more cyclic shifts for the one or more sequences; wherein said number of one or more cyclic shifts within each of said one or more sets of one or more cyclic shifts for each of said one or more sequences depends on said number of said one or more symbols; and wherein the number of the one or more cyclic shifts within one of the one or more sets of one or more cyclic shifts for one of the one or more sequences is different from: the number of one or more cyclic shifts within a subsequent set of the one or more sets for a subsequent sequence of the one or more sequences.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the smaller the subcarrier spacing, the smaller the number of symbols; and The larger the subcarrier spacing is, the larger the number of symbols is.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more sequences comprise one or more pure m-sequences.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a number of one or more cyclic shifts within each of the one or more sets of one or more cyclic shifts for each of the one or more sequences is the same.

5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the larger the number of the one or more symbols, the smaller the number of the one or more cyclic shifts within each of the one or more sets of one or more cyclic shifts for each of the one or more sequences; and The smaller the number of the one or more symbols, the greater the number of the one or more cyclic shifts within each of the one or more sets of one or more cyclic shifts of each sequence in the one or more sequences.

6. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a cyclic shift of one of the one or more sequences depends on a cyclic shift of a previous sequence of the one or more sequences.

7. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein some of the one or more sequences form reference signals for a physical broadcast channel and / or for radio resource management measurements.

8. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, together with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to at least: The synchronization signal is sent on the one or more symbols.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein one of the one or more sequences is cyclically shifted using a cyclic shift and transmitted on consecutive symbols.

10. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the synchronization signal is a secondary synchronization signal carrying a secondary synchronization signal identifier.

11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the secondary synchronization signal identifier is defined by the one or more sequences and / or the one or more cyclic shifts of the one or more sequences.

12. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the number of symbols depends on a primary synchronization signal identifier carried by a primary synchronization signal.

13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to at least: The primary synchronization signal identifier and / or the secondary synchronization signal identifier is determined.

14. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the primary synchronization signal identifier and / or the secondary synchronization signal identifier conveys information about a physical cell identifier and / or a logical index of a spatial beam.

15. An apparatus for communication, comprising: at least one processor; as well as at least one memory including computer program code; The at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to at least: receiving a secondary synchronization signal SSS over one or more symbols, wherein the number of symbols depends on the subcarrier spacing; wherein the synchronization signal comprises one or more sequences, and the one or more sequences are cyclically shifted using one or more cyclic shifts; wherein the one or more cyclic shifts for the one or more sequences are selected among one or more sets of one or more cyclic shifts for the one or more sequences; wherein said number of one or more cyclic shifts within each of said one or more sets of one or more cyclic shifts for each of said one or more sequences depends on said number of said one or more symbols; and wherein the number of the one or more cyclic shifts within one of the one or more sets of one or more cyclic shifts for one of the one or more sequences is different from: the number of one or more cyclic shifts within a subsequent set of the one or more sets for a subsequent sequence of the one or more sequences.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the one or more sequences comprise one or more pure m-sequences.

17. The apparatus of any one of claims 15 to 16, wherein receiving a synchronization signal on one or more symbols comprises: A cyclic shift of the one or more sequences is determined.

18. The apparatus according to any one of claims 15 to 16, wherein the SSS carries a secondary synchronization signal identifier.

19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein receiving a synchronization signal on one or more symbols comprises: The SSS identifier is determined based on the cyclic shift.

20. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to at least: receiving a primary synchronization signal carrying a primary synchronization signal identifier; and The primary synchronization signal identifier is determined.

21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to at least: The number of the one or more symbols is determined based on the primary synchronization signal identifier.

22. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to at least: A physical cell identifier is determined using the primary synchronization signal identifier and the secondary synchronization signal identifier.

23. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to at least: A logical index of a spatial beam is determined using the primary synchronization signal identifier and the secondary synchronization signal identifier.

24. A method performed by a base station, the method comprising: generating a secondary synchronization signal SSS for transmission over one or more symbols, wherein the number of symbols depends on the subcarrier spacing; wherein the synchronization signal comprises one or more sequences, and the one or more sequences are cyclically shifted using one or more cyclic shifts; wherein the one or more cyclic shifts for the one or more sequences are selected among one or more sets of one or more cyclic shifts for the one or more sequences; wherein said number of one or more cyclic shifts within each of said one or more sets of one or more cyclic shifts for each of said one or more sequences depends on said number of said one or more symbols; and wherein the number of the one or more cyclic shifts within one of the one or more sets of one or more cyclic shifts for one of the one or more sequences is different from: the number of one or more cyclic shifts within a subsequent set of the one or more sets for a subsequent sequence of the one or more sequences.

25. A method performed by a terminal, the method comprising: receiving a secondary synchronization signal SSS over one or more symbols, wherein the number of symbols depends on the subcarrier spacing; wherein the synchronization signal comprises one or more sequences, and the one or more sequences are cyclically shifted using one or more cyclic shifts; wherein the one or more cyclic shifts for the one or more sequences are selected among one or more sets of one or more cyclic shifts for the one or more sequences; wherein said number of one or more cyclic shifts within each of said one or more sets of one or more cyclic shifts for each of said one or more sequences depends on said number of said one or more symbols; and wherein the number of the one or more cyclic shifts within one of the one or more sets of one or more cyclic shifts for one of the one or more sequences is different from: the number of one or more cyclic shifts within a subsequent set of the one or more sets for a subsequent sequence of the one or more sequences.

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