A lightning interception device

Abstract

This application provides a lightning interception device. This device can generate a sufficiently long upward leader to construct a lightning discharge channel and employs several lightning rods to intercept overhead and side lightning strikes from different directions, effectively attenuating lightning currents from different directions and reducing the intensity of the lightning electromagnetic field. Therefore, this application is applicable to buildings requiring protection against direct and induced lightning strikes, and is particularly suitable for use in offshore and onshore wind power systems, high-voltage power transmission systems, or high-speed rail contact networks. It can be independently installed in the building to be protected, effectively intercepting lightning strikes from different directions. This not only improves the safety of the protected building but also saves on operating costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of lightning interception technology, and in particular to a lightning interception device. Background Technology

[0002] In practical applications, with the development of science and technology, research on direct lightning protection technology has also made progress. Currently, the most common method of protection against direct lightning strikes worldwide is the use of lightning rods. A lightning rod generally consists of a section of conductive metal material with a needle-like tip.

[0003] Under the influence of the downward leading electric field of lightning, a lightning rod can induce an upward leader, which is stronger than other non-metallic objects and has the opposite polarity to the downward leading charge. The upward and downward leaders connect, thus establishing a lightning discharge channel. Studies have found that the average length of the upward leader generated by a lightning rod is about 50 meters. The lightning discharge channel constructed by the connection of the upward and downward leaders can intercept an impending lightning strike and provide a safe path for the lightning current to enter the ground. It plays a role in attracting and intercepting lightning, preventing the protected object from damage by a direct lightning strike.

[0004] Relative to the protected object, the movement path of lightning can be divided into two categories: overhead movement and lateral movement. Therefore, lightning current includes overhead lightning current and lateral lightning current. However, commonly used lightning rods have a poor ability to intercept overhead or lateral lightning currents due to insufficient upward leader length for overhead thunderclouds. Therefore, how to increase the length of the upward leader generated by lightning interception devices to improve their lightning interception effect has been a long-standing concern. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application aims to at least solve one of the aforementioned technical defects. In view of this, this application provides a lightning interception device to solve the technical defect that the upward conduction of existing lightning protection devices is not long enough.

[0006] A lightning interception device, comprising:

[0007] The device includes several lightning arresters, interceptor spheres, sphere connectors, waveguide resonator main cavities, waveguide resonator sub-cavities, and tuners; the lightning arresters, interceptor spheres, sphere connectors, waveguide resonator main cavities, waveguide resonator sub-cavities, and tuners are all made of metal.

[0008] Several of the lightning rods are connected to the surface of the interceptor sphere from both vertical and horizontal directions. The interceptor sphere, the sphere connector, the waveguide resonator main cavity, the waveguide resonator secondary cavity, and the tuner are connected in sequence.

[0009] The lightning rod is used to receive lightning strike current from both vertical and horizontal directions;

[0010] The spherical connector is used to maintain the electrical path between the interceptor sphere and the waveguide resonant main cavity;

[0011] The interceptor sphere is used to uniformly distribute the charge from the waveguide resonant main cavity to several lightning rods.

[0012] When the surface electric field strength reaches the preset activation threshold, the variable capacitor built into the waveguide resonant sub-cavity is turned on, and based on the charge polarity of the surface electric field, the charge polarity of the lightning interception device is changed to the same charge polarity as the surface electric field; and the activation voltage of the resonant circuit of the waveguide resonant main cavity is adjusted, so that the resonant circuit of the waveguide resonant main cavity begins to resonate.

[0013] The waveguide resonant main cavity has a built-in resonant circuit. Under the adjustment of the waveguide resonant sub-cavity, the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit reaches a preset frequency, generating a voltage Q times higher than the surface electric field strength, which is transmitted to the tips of several lightning rods to generate a target upward leader longer than a preset length. When the lightning downward leader connects with the target upward leader, a lightning discharge channel is formed, discharging the lightning current to the ground.

[0014] The tuner is used to adjust the distribution parameters within the main waveguide resonant cavity and the secondary waveguide resonant cavity.

[0015] Preferably, when the lightning current discharges, the variable capacitor of the waveguide resonant sub-cavity is used to isolate the continuous current generated along with the lightning current discharge, so as to attenuate the lightning current.

[0016] Preferably, when a lightning strike current discharges, the variable capacitor in the waveguide resonant sub-cavity isolates the continuous current generated during the lightning strike current discharge, thereby achieving the process of attenuating the lightning strike current, including:

[0017] When the lightning current discharges, the variable capacitor built into the waveguide resonant sub-cavity will isolate the continuous current generated by the lightning current.

[0018] The electromagnetic waves of the continuous current are totally reflected, converting the electrical energy of the continuous current into heat energy, thereby attenuating the lightning strike current.

[0019] Preferably, the waveguide resonant main cavity further includes: an amplitude spectrum selector.

[0020] The amplitude spectrum selector of the waveguide resonant main cavity is used to identify and determine the amplitude spectrum and energy spectrum of the lightning current based on the dual exponential wave characteristics of the lightning current, so that the waveguide resonant main cavity can attenuate the lightning current based on the amplitude spectrum and energy spectrum of the lightning current.

[0021] Preferably, the resonant circuit built into the waveguide resonant main cavity includes: a circular single conductor;

[0022] The circular single conductor includes a transverse electric mode or a transverse magnetic mode;

[0023] The circular single conductor is used to increase the voltage multiplication value of the lightning interception device and guide the directional propagation of electromagnetic wave energy.

[0024] Preferably, the distributed parameters within the waveguide resonant main cavity and the waveguide resonant secondary cavity include: inductance and capacitance.

[0025] Preferably, the device further includes: a cavity lock;

[0026] One end of the cavity lock is connected to the waveguide resonant sub-cavity, and the other end is connected to the tuner.

[0027] The cavity lock is used to lock the waveguide resonant sub-cavity to isolate the waveguide resonant sub-cavity and the waveguide resonant main cavity from the outside air.

[0028] Preferably, the device further includes: a fastening device;

[0029] One end of the fastening device is connected to the tuner.

[0030] The fastening device is used to secure the lightning interception device to the building to be protected.

[0031] Preferably, the tuner is a circular metal tube of a preset length and a preset diameter.

[0032] As can be seen from the above technical solutions, the lightning arresting pin, the interceptor sphere, the sphere connector, the waveguide resonant main cavity, the waveguide resonant secondary cavity, and the tuner in this application are all made of metal, which improves the conductivity of the lightning interception device, allowing for better diversion of lightning current to the ground. The lightning arresting pin can be used to receive lightning current from both vertical and horizontal directions. The sphere connector can maintain the electrical path between the interceptor sphere and the waveguide resonant main cavity, enabling the waveguide resonant main cavity to transfer charge to the interceptor sphere. The interceptor sphere can evenly distribute the charge transferred from the waveguide resonant main cavity to the lightning arresting pins. When the surface electric field strength reaches a preset activation threshold, the variable capacitor built into the waveguide resonant sub-cavity can conduct, and based on the charge polarity of the surface electric field, the charge polarity of the lightning interception device can be transformed to the same polarity as that of the surface electric field. It can also adjust the activation voltage of the resonant circuit of the waveguide resonant main cavity, causing the resonant circuit of the waveguide resonant main cavity to resonate and generate a preset resonant frequency. The resonant circuit built into the waveguide resonant main cavity, under the adjustment of the waveguide resonant sub-cavity, can reach a preset resonant frequency, thereby generating a voltage Q times higher than the surface electric field strength. This voltage, Q times higher than the surface electric field strength, is transmitted to the tips of several lightning rods, causing ionization of the air around the tips of the lightning rods. This generates a sufficiently long target upward leader; so that when the lightning downward leader connects with the target upward leader, the waveguide resonant main cavity can form a lightning discharge channel, effectively discharging the lightning current to the ground. The tuner can be used to adjust the distribution parameters within the main waveguide resonator and the secondary waveguide resonator to ensure their normal operation.

[0033] This application's embodiments can generate a sufficiently long upward leader to construct a lightning discharge channel, and employ several lightning rods to intercept over-the-top and side lightning currents from different directions, effectively attenuating lightning currents from different directions and reducing the intensity of the lightning electromagnetic field. Therefore, this application is applicable to buildings requiring protection against direct and induced lightning currents, and is particularly suitable for use in offshore and onshore wind power, high-voltage power transmission systems, or high-speed rail contact networks. It can be independently installed in the building to be protected, effectively intercepting lightning currents from different directions. This not only improves the safety of the protected building but also saves on operating costs. Attached Figure Description

[0034] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a lightning interception device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the equivalent circuit of a lightning interception device in a static state, as exemplified by an embodiment of this application.

[0037] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the equivalent circuit of a lightning interception device when an uplink leader occurs, as exemplified by an embodiment of this application.

[0038] Figure 4 An equivalent circuit diagram of a lightning interception device, as an example of an embodiment of this application, when the upward leader and the downward leader of the lightning current are connected to form a lightning discharge channel;

[0039] Figure 5 This is an example of an equivalent circuit diagram of a lightning interception device suppressing continuous current, as described in an embodiment of this application.

[0040] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of another lightning interception device structure as exemplified by an embodiment of this application;

[0041] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of another lightning interception device structure as exemplified by an embodiment of this application;

[0042] The correspondence between the reference numerals and components in the attached drawings is as follows:

[0043] 1. Flash receiver pin; 2. Interceptor sphere; 3. Sphere connector; 4. Waveguide resonator main cavity; 5. Waveguide resonator secondary cavity; 6. Harmonizer; 7. Cavity lock; 8. Fastening device. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0045] When lightning strikes, the electric field of a thundercloud undergoes a lightning discharge process, which is a specific form of electromagnetic wave motion in nature. From an optical perspective, a lightning discharge can be seen as a fleeting flash of white light, and this flash of white light is constrained by the theory of dispersion.

[0046] The process of lightning discharge can be simply divided into five stages. The first stage: the generation of the upward leader and the downward leader; the second stage: the first return stroke of the charge after the connection of the upward leader and the downward leader; the third stage: the generation of the arrow leader of lightning; the fourth stage: the occurrence of the subsequent return stroke of the charge, generating continuous current and M component; the fifth stage: the occurrence of the final return stroke.

[0047] in,

[0048] (1) The process of the occurrence of the upward leader and the downward leader can be as follows:

[0049] Generally, the internal charge polarity of thunderclouds can be divided into positive polarity in the upper layer and negative polarity in the lower layer. Typically, the electric field strength of a thundercloud can reach 50-100 MV. During thunderstorms, a discharge phenomenon occurs within the thundercloud, known as the pre-breakdown process, which provides conditions for the formation of a descending leader. The descending leader of a thundercloud refers to the streamer of light that begins to move downwards when the electric field strength at the bottom of the thundercloud reaches the air ionization threshold. Each downward breakthrough of the air occurs over an average distance of about 50 meters, resembling a stepped pattern in time, hence the name stepped leader, also known as a descending leader.

[0050] Generally, influenced by the electric field at the bottom of the downward leader of lightning, the tip of a lightning arrester can induce a charge of opposite polarity to the electric field at the bottom of the downward leader. When the electric field strength reaches 10kV / m, corona discharge occurs, generating an upward-directed corona current (streamer). This upward corona current is called the upward leader of the lightning. The average length of the upward leader generated by commonly used lightning arresters is approximately 50 meters. The upward and downward leaders of lightning move relative to each other, providing the necessary conditions for their connection.

[0051] (2) The process of the first return stroke of the charge after the upward leader and downward leader of lightning are connected is as follows:

[0052] When the downward leader of lightning develops to approximately 100 meters from the tip of the lightning arrester, it can connect with the downward leader. The distance between the ends of the upward and downward leaders of lightning is called the striking distance. Typically, the striking distance is related to the lightning discharge current. After the upward and downward leaders connect, a discharge channel is formed within the lightning arrester. Charge travels from the ground along this discharge channel towards the cloud to neutralize the charge in the discharge channel and the thundercloud; this process is called the first return stroke.

[0053] (3) The process of a lightning arrow leader can be described as follows:

[0054] The arrow leader in lightning formation occurs after the initial lightning strike, as the charge moves along the lightning channel. Its shape, resembling an arrow, is used to describe its movement from the top to the bottom of the channel. It serves as a transition between the initial and subsequent return strokes of the charge, acting as a bridge between them.

[0055] (4) The process by which the subsequent return stroke of the charge generates a continuous current and the M component can be described as follows:

[0056] The subsequent return strokes of the charge generally begin after the arrow leader has ended, continuously repeating the discharge process of the first return stroke. Because each return stroke is a pulse, multiple return strokes form a pulse train with time intervals.

[0057] Generally, after the initial return stroke establishes the lightning strike channel, a charge exists within the channel to sustain it until the discharge ends. Between subsequent return strokes, a pulsating current with a constant direction of motion can be observed at the bottom of the pulse; this is called the continuous current. The continuous current is defined as the lower amplitude current immediately following the return stroke and is the pulsating DC component of the lightning current within the lightning strike channel.

[0058] Several small pulses, called the M-component, can be seen above the continuous current. This is one of the three forms of charge transfer from lightning to the ground, including return strokes, continuous current, and the M-component. Continuous current can transfer a large amount of charge, approximately 50%, but it also causes the most severe damage from lightning strikes, including thermal effects. According to statistics, each lightning discharge typically involves 3-5 return strokes.

[0059] (5) The process of the final strike can be as follows:

[0060] The International Conference on Large Electric Systems (CIGRE) 2013, in its presentation "Engineering Applications of Lightning Parameters," states that "the peak current of the first return stroke of lightning is typically 2 to 3 times larger than that of subsequent return strokes. However, approximately one-third of ground flashes include at least one subsequent return stroke with a large electric field peak. Theoretically, the peak current of the subsequent return stroke should also be greater than that of the first return stroke, and such subsequent return strokes may pose an additional threat to power lines and other systems." The final return stroke of lightning refers to the last return stroke of the charge, characterized by a time interval of 300-400 ms between the previous and final return strokes, with a larger amplitude than the first return stroke, and parameters similar to those of the first return stroke.

[0061] Commonly used lightning protection devices generate a limited upward leader length, which cannot effectively attenuate the intensity of lightning current and electromagnetic field. Therefore, they cannot effectively intercept direct lightning strikes. Furthermore, the protection radius of commonly used lightning protection devices is calculated using the rolling sphere method or the protection angle method: the protection angle method calculates the ground radius that a commonly used lightning protection device can protect as 1.5 times the height of the device, resulting in a 45° cone-shaped protection range. Therefore, the protection range of commonly used lightning protection devices is relatively small. Buildings typically cannot be protected by a single lightning protection device; instead, multiple devices are usually used to form a lightning protection grid or lightning protection strip to protect the building.

[0062] Based on this, this application provides a lightning interception device that can generate a sufficiently long upward leader, effectively attenuate the lightning current, reduce the intensity of the lightning electromagnetic field, and effectively intercept direct and side-strike lightning.

[0063] The following is combined Figure 1 This application describes a lightning interception device according to embodiments, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the lightning interception device may include: several lightning rods 1, an interceptor sphere 2, a sphere connector 3, a waveguide resonant main cavity 4, a waveguide resonant secondary cavity 5, and a tuner 6;

[0064] Several of the lightning rods 1 are connected to the surface of the interceptor sphere 2 from both the vertical and horizontal directions; the interceptor sphere 2, the sphere connector 3, the waveguide resonator main cavity 4, the waveguide resonator secondary cavity 5, and the tuner 6 are connected in sequence.

[0065] in,

[0066] The lightning arrester 1, the interceptor sphere 2, the sphere connector 3, the waveguide resonator main cavity 4, the waveguide resonator secondary cavity 5, and the tuner 6 are all made of metal, which can improve the conductivity of the lightning interception device so that the lightning current can be better diverted to the ground.

[0067] During thunderstorms, when charged clouds appear above tall buildings, a large amount of charge is induced on the top of the building. As mentioned above, lightning current includes over-the-top lightning current and side lightning current. Several lightning rods 1 can be used to receive over-the-top and side lightning currents from different directions. Furthermore, by making one end of the lightning rod 1 a pointed tip, most of the charge can be concentrated at the pointed end during electrostatic induction. Thus, the lightning rod 1 and the charged cloud form a capacitor. Because one end of the lightning rod 1 is pointed, the area of ​​the two plates facing each other is very small, resulting in a small capacitance. This means the lightning rod 1 can only hold a small amount of charge, but it concentrates most of the charge. Therefore, when there is a large amount of charge on the charged cloud, the air between the lightning rod 1 and the cloud is easily broken down, becoming a conductor. In this way, a path is formed between the charged cloud and the lightning protection device. Since the spherical connector 3 can be used to maintain the electrical path between the interceptor sphere 2 and the waveguide resonant main cavity 4, the waveguide resonant main cavity 4 can transfer charge to the interceptor sphere 2. Therefore, the lightning arrester 1 is connected to the ground through the interceptor sphere 2, the spherical connector 3, the waveguide resonant main cavity 4, the waveguide resonant secondary cavity 5, and the tuner 6. Thus, the lightning arrester 1 can conduct the charge from the clouds to the ground, preventing it from posing a danger to tall buildings. Therefore, setting several lightning arresters 1 in the horizontal and vertical directions of the interceptor sphere 2 can be used to receive over-the-top lightning current and side-strike lightning current from the vertical and horizontal directions.

[0068] Since several lightning rods 1 are needed to intercept over-the-top and side-strike lightning currents from both vertical and horizontal directions, the tips of the lightning rods 1 need to maintain the same charge. Therefore, the interceptor sphere 2 can be used to uniformly distribute the charge transferred from the waveguide resonant main cavity 4 to the lightning rods 1.

[0069] The waveguide resonant cavity 5 has a built-in variable capacitor. A variable capacitor is a capacitor whose capacitance can be adjusted within a certain range. The capacitance can be changed by altering the relative effective area between the electrodes or the distance between the electrodes. It is typically used as a tuning capacitor in radio receiving circuits. When there is no lightning activity, the electric field strength of the ground is equivalent to that on a clear day, and the lightning interceptor is stationary. During thunderstorms, under the induction of the downward leading electric field at the bottom of the thundercloud charge center, the ground surface will be induced with a positive electric field opposite to the negative polarity of the downward leading electric field of the thundercloud. Induction by the downward leading conductive field of thunderclouds, when the electric field strength on the ground reaches a preset activation threshold, the variable capacitor of the waveguide resonant sub-cavity 5 can be turned on. After the variable capacitor of the waveguide resonant sub-cavity 5 is turned on, the waveguide resonant sub-cavity 5 can, based on the charge polarity of the ground electric field, change the charge polarity of the lightning interception device to the same charge polarity as the ground electric field; and can adjust the activation voltage of the resonant circuit of the waveguide resonant main cavity 4, so that the resonant circuit of the waveguide resonant main cavity 4 begins to resonate.

[0070] The waveguide resonant main cavity 4 is equipped with a resonant circuit. When the variable capacitor inside the waveguide resonant secondary cavity 5 is turned on, the resonant circuit of the waveguide resonant main cavity 4 begins to resonate under the adjustment of the waveguide resonant secondary cavity 5. The essence of resonance is the mutual conversion between the electric field energy in the capacitor and the magnetic field energy in the inductor, with one increasing and the other decreasing, thus achieving complete compensation. Under the resonance of the resonant circuit, the sum of the electric field energy and magnetic field energy of the lightning interception device can remain constant at all times. When the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit reaches the preset frequency, the waveguide resonant main cavity 4 can generate a voltage that is Q times higher than the surface electric field strength, and can transmit the generated voltage that is Q times higher than the surface electric field strength to the tip of the lightning rod 1. When the voltage at the tip of the lightning rod 1 reaches Q times higher than the surface electric field strength, the electric field strength at the tip of the lightning rod 1 increases as the distance of the lightning's downward leader approaches. When the corona threshold is reached, the air around the tip of the lightning rod 1 can be ionized, thereby generating a corona current. This corona current and the displacement current of the lightning's downward leader are called streamers because they are visible. Under the action of the lightning's downward leader conductive field, this corona current moves towards the end of the lightning's downward leader, thereby generating a target upward leader of a preset length.

[0071] For example,

[0072] The time when there is no lightning activity can be represented by t0. When the lightning interception device is in a static state, the lightning rods 1, the interceptor spheres 2, the sphere connectors 3, the waveguide resonator main cavity 4, the waveguide resonator secondary cavity 5, and the tuner 6 can be regarded as a static equivalent circuit, such as... Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 A static equivalent circuit diagram of the lightning interception device in non-thunderstorm weather is illustrated.

[0073] in,

[0074] △Z represents the line element, △C1 represents the variable capacitor, C2△Z represents the cavity capacitor, G1△Z represents the cavity conductance, L1△Z represents the inductance, R1△Z represents the resistance, C3△Z represents the capacitance, C4△Z represents the capacitance, and R2 represents the lead impedance.

[0075] Generally, in non-thunderstorm weather, the lightning interception device is in a static state. The earth's electric field is equivalent to a clear-sky electric field, with an intensity of approximately 100 V / m, insufficient to activate the equivalent circuit. Therefore, the waveguide main cavity 4 and the waveguide resonant sub-cavity 5 are in a static state. At this time, the current i=0 in the waveguide main cavity 4, the electric field E=0 in the downlink leader, the electric field i=0 in the uplink leader, and the atmospheric impedance Z0=120πΩ.

[0076] The moment of lightning activity can be represented by t1. The equivalent circuit consisting of the lightning arrester 1, the waveguide resonant main cavity 4, the waveguide resonant secondary cavity 5, and the tuner 6 is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 The process of the waveguide resonant main cavity 4 generating the target uplink leader is illustrated.

[0077] in,

[0078] △Z represents the line element, △C1 represents the variable capacitor, C2△Z represents the cavity capacitor, G1△Z represents the cavity conductance, L1△Z represents the inductance, R1△Z represents the resistance, C3△Z represents the capacitance, C4△Z represents the capacitance, R2 represents the lead impedance, and r represents the distance of the lightning strike current above the tip of the lightning rod 1. When r is not equal to zero, the target upward leader and the downward leader generated by the lightning strike current are not yet connected.

[0079] The electric field strength E=E of the downward leader generated by the lightning strike current m sine(ωt1+φ), the target uplink leader generated by the waveguide resonant main cavity 4, and the corona current i=I m sine(ωt1+φ).

[0080] Figure 3The dashed arrow pointing to the left can be considered as the direction of the upward leader generated by the waveguide resonant main cavity 4, and the dashed arrow pointing to the right can be considered as the direction of the downward leader generated by the lightning strike current.

[0081] When r is zero, the target upward leader connects with the downward leader of the lightning current, forming a lightning discharge channel. At this time, the equivalent circuit composed of several lightning rods 1, interceptor spheres 2, sphere connectors 3, waveguide resonator main cavity 4, waveguide resonator secondary cavity 5, and tuner 6 is as follows: Figure 4 As shown.

[0082] in,

[0083] △Z represents the line element, △C1 represents the variable capacitor, C2△Z represents the cavity capacitor, G1△Z represents the cavity conductance, L1△Z represents the inductance, R1△Z represents the resistance, C3△Z represents the capacitance, C4△Z represents the capacitance, R2 represents the lead impedance, and r represents the distance of the lightning strike current above the tip of the lightning rod 1. f0 represents the preset resonant frequency produced by the waveguide resonant main cavity 4.

[0084] When the downward leader of the lightning current connects with the upward leader of the target generated by the waveguide resonant main cavity 4, this moment is denoted as t2. At time t2, the downward leader of the lightning current connects with the upward leader of the target, the strike distance r = 0m, and the air impedance becomes Z0 = 0Ω. The lightning discharge current is discharged to the ground after passing through the resonant circuit of the waveguide resonant main cavity 4 and the downlead impedance R2. The multi-pulse discharge of the lightning current mainly includes four processes: the first return stroke, the arrow leader, the subsequent return stroke, and the final return stroke. At the same time, according to Fourier series analysis and transformation, it can be seen that each lightning pulse contains multiple components with different frequency and amplitude characteristics; using the Barthelval energy equation, its energy spectrum distribution can be obtained.

[0085] At time t2, after the target's upward leader connects with the lower leader of the lightning current, the first return stroke will occur. Among the various frequency components of the first return stroke pulse current, the frequency component that matches the resonant frequency bandwidth of the waveguide resonant main cavity 4 travels from the ground through the downlead impedance R2, ΔC1, and the resonant circuit of the waveguide resonant main cavity 4, then along the established lightning discharge channel to neutralize the charge of the lightning discharge channel and the thundercloud. The path of movement is as follows: Figure 4As shown by the dashed line, when frequency components that do not conform to the resonant frequency bandwidth limit of the waveguide resonant main cavity 4 pass through the waveguide resonant main cavity 4, the waveguide resonant main cavity 2 can exhibit high impedance, and those frequency components that do not conform to the resonant frequency bandwidth limit of the waveguide resonant main cavity 4 are attenuated within the waveguide resonant main cavity 4. Simultaneously, according to the transmission line principle, these frequency components can be reflected within the waveguide resonant main cavity 4, converting electrical energy into heat energy, further attenuating the amplitude of the lightning strike current.

[0086] When the lightning current passes through the constructed lightning discharge channel, the equivalent circuit composed of several of the lightning arrester pins 1, the interceptor spheres 2, the sphere connectors 3, the waveguide resonant main cavity 4, the waveguide resonant secondary cavity 5, and the tuner 6 is as follows: Figure 5 As shown.

[0087] As described above, during multi-pulse lightning discharge, there exists a continuous current whose direction does not change with time. The small pulses existing on this continuous current are called the M-component. Figure 5 It can be seen that the variable capacitor ΔC1 of the waveguide resonant cavity has an isolation effect on the DC current. During lightning discharge, along with the pulse discharge, a continuous current and the M component enter the main waveguide resonant cavity 4 and the secondary waveguide resonant cavity 5. When the continuous current enters the main waveguide resonant cavity 4 and the secondary waveguide resonant cavity 5, it cannot pass through ΔC1 and achieves total reflection within the secondary waveguide resonant cavity 5. The reflection path is as follows: Figure 5 As shown by the ring-shaped dashed line, the electrical energy of the lightning strike current can be converted into heat energy during total internal reflection, achieving a significant reduction in the lightning strike current, theoretically exceeding 50%. The M component, however, can pass through ΔC1 like other discharge pulses.

[0088] In practice, it has been found that the lightning interception device generates corona current 46.55 seconds earlier than commonly used lightning protection devices. That is, the length of the target uplink leader generated by this application is at least 50 meters.

[0089] For example, the Q value of the resonant circuit inside the waveguide resonant main cavity 4 can be set to 37.

[0090] After generating the target upward leader of a preset length, the target upward leader and the lightning downward leader are not yet connected. Since the corona current is transmitted from the ground through the resonant circuit of the waveguide resonant main cavity 40 to the tip of the lightning arrester 1, ionizing the air around the tip to generate a corona current, under the influence of the lightning's downward leader electric field, the corona current moves upward into the air towards the end of the downward leader. At this time, at both ends of the strike distance above the tip of the lightning arrester 1, the polarity of the lightning's downward leader electric field is negative, and its direction is downward. The electric field polarity of the target upward leader is positive, and its direction is upward. When the lightning's downward leader connects with the target upward leader, a lightning discharge channel can be formed, discharging the lightning current to the ground.

[0091] The tuner 6 is connected to the waveguide resonant sub-cavity 5 and can be used to adjust the distributed parameters such as capacitance and inductance of the waveguide resonant main cavity 4 and the waveguide resonant sub-cavity 5 so as to ensure the normal operation of the waveguide resonant main cavity 4 and the waveguide resonant sub-cavity 5.

[0092] This application's embodiments can generate a sufficiently long target upward leader to construct a lightning discharge channel, and employ several lightning rods 1 to attract over-the-top and side lightning currents from different directions, effectively attenuating lightning currents from different directions and reducing the intensity of the lightning electromagnetic field. Therefore, this application is applicable to buildings requiring protection against direct and induced lightning currents, and is particularly suitable for use in offshore and onshore wind power, high-voltage power transmission systems, or high-speed rail contact networks. It can be independently installed in the building to be protected, effectively intercepting lightning currents from different directions. This not only improves the safety of the protected building but also saves on usage costs.

[0093] As can be seen from the technical solution described above, the waveguide resonant cavity 5 of this application can be used to attenuate lightning current. The process will be described in detail below:

[0094] As can be seen from the above introduction, during multi-pulse discharge of lightning current, there may be a component whose current direction does not change with time, called continuous current. The small pulses existing on the continuous current are called M components.

[0095] The waveguide resonant sub-cavity 5 contains a variable capacitor, which isolates the direct current. When a lightning strike discharges, a continuous current and an M-component are generated and enter the waveguide resonant sub-cavity 5. After the continuous current enters the waveguide resonant sub-cavity 5, the variable capacitor inside the waveguide resonant sub-cavity 5 blocks the flow of the continuous current, preventing it from passing through. According to the transmission line principle, frequency components in the continuous current that do not conform to the bandwidth limitation of the main waveguide resonant cavity 4 can also undergo total reflection within the main waveguide resonant cavity 4. During the total reflection of the continuous current, the electrical energy of the continuous current can be converted into heat energy, further attenuating the amplitude of the frequency component of the first return pulse current.

[0096] As can be seen from the technical solution described above, the waveguide resonant cavity 5 of this application can isolate the continuous current generated during the lightning current discharge process, and attenuate the lightning current to a certain extent. This effectively reduces the intensity of the lightning electromagnetic field and effectively intercepts the lightning current.

[0097] In practical applications, the waveguide resonant main cavity 4 also includes an amplitude spectrum selector 41. The amplitude spectrum selector 41 of the waveguide resonant main cavity 4 is used to identify and determine the amplitude spectrum and energy spectrum of the lightning current based on the double exponential wave characteristics of the lightning current during the lightning discharge process, so as to attenuate the lightning current.

[0098] As can be seen from the above introduction, multiple lightning pulses can be generated during the lightning discharge process, and each lightning pulse contains multiple different frequency components and amplitude characteristics.

[0099] When the lightning current passes through the waveguide resonant main cavity 4, the amplitude spectrum selector 41 of the waveguide resonant main cavity 4 can identify and determine the amplitude spectrum and energy spectrum of the lightning current based on the double exponential wave characteristics of the lightning current.

[0100] During lightning discharge, after the upward and downward leaders connect to form a lightning discharge channel, the charge experiences its first return stroke. The charge travels from the ground along the discharge channel towards the cloud to neutralize the charge in the discharge channel and the thundercloud. Since the energy spectrum distribution of the lightning current has been identified, its amplitude and energy spectra can be determined. Therefore, among the various frequency components of the first return stroke pulse current of the lightning discharge, the frequency components that conform to the resonant frequency bandwidth of the waveguide resonant main cavity 4 travel from the ground through the resonant circuit of the waveguide resonant main cavity 4 and along the established lightning discharge channel to neutralize the charge in the lightning discharge channel and the thundercloud. Conversely, when frequency components that do not conform to the resonant frequency bandwidth of the resonant circuit of the waveguide resonant main cavity 4 pass through the waveguide resonant main cavity 4, the waveguide resonant main cavity 4 exhibits high impedance, which attenuates the frequency components that do not conform to the resonant frequency bandwidth of the resonant circuit of the waveguide resonant main cavity 4. Meanwhile, according to the transmission line principle, these frequency components that do not conform to the resonant frequency bandwidth limitation of the resonant circuit of the waveguide resonant main cavity 4 can be reflected in the waveguide resonant main cavity 4, converting electrical energy into heat energy. As a result, the amplitude of the frequency components that do not conform to the resonant frequency bandwidth limitation of the resonant circuit of the waveguide resonant main cavity 4 can also be further attenuated.

[0101] As can be seen from the above-described technical solution, the amplitude spectrum selector 41 of the waveguide resonant main cavity 4 in this application can identify and determine the amplitude spectrum and energy spectrum of the lightning current based on the double exponential wave characteristics of the lightning current. This allows for the attenuation of frequency components that do not conform to the resonant frequency bandwidth limitation of the resonant circuit of the waveguide resonant main cavity 4. Simultaneously, it can also attenuate the amplitude of frequency components that do not conform to the resonant frequency bandwidth limitation of the resonant circuit of the waveguide resonant main cavity 4 in stages.

[0102] As can be seen from the above description, the waveguide resonant main cavity 4 in this application is equipped with a resonant circuit. In practical applications, the resonant circuit may include: a circular single conductor 42.

[0103] The circular single conductor 42 may include a transverse electric mode or a transverse magnetic mode;

[0104] in,

[0105] A transverse magnetic mode is a wave pattern in which the magnetic field is completely distributed in a cross section perpendicular to the direction of electromagnetic wave propagation, and the electric field has a component in the direction of propagation. It is denoted as TM mode or E mode.

[0106] If the electric field is polarized only along the y-direction parallel to the waveguide interface, and the electric field is transverse in the z-direction perpendicular to the propagation direction of light, then this mode can be called the transverse electric mode, or TE mode.

[0107] The circular conductor 42 in the resonant circuit of the waveguide resonant main cavity 4, employing either a transverse electric mode or a transverse magnetic mode, can better generate the preset resonant frequency. Therefore, the circular single conductor 42 can better increase the voltage multiplication value of the lightning interception device and guide the directional propagation of electromagnetic wave energy.

[0108] As can be seen from the above description, the internal resonant circuit of the waveguide resonant main cavity 4 of this application may include a circular conductor 42. The circular single conductor 42 may include a transverse electric mode or a transverse magnetic mode, which can better improve the voltage multiplication value of the lightning interception device and guide the directional propagation of electromagnetic wave energy.

[0109] In practical applications, the lightning interception device of this application may also include a cavity lock 7. Figure 2 An example is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lightning interception device provided in this application;

[0110] One end of the cavity lock 7 is connected to the waveguide resonant sub-cavity 5, and the other end is connected to the tuner 6.

[0111] The cavity lock 7 can be used to lock the waveguide resonant sub-cavity 5, which can isolate the waveguide resonant sub-cavity 5 and the waveguide resonant main cavity 4 from the outside air, better protect the waveguide resonant sub-cavity 5 and the waveguide resonant main cavity 4 from corrosion, and ensure the normal operation of the waveguide resonant sub-cavity 5 and the waveguide resonant main cavity 4.

[0112] As can be seen from the above-described technical solution, the cavity lock 7 in this application can isolate the waveguide resonant sub-cavity 5 and the waveguide resonant main cavity 4 from the outside air, better protecting the waveguide resonant sub-cavity 5 and the waveguide resonant main cavity 4 from corrosion, so as to ensure the normal operation of the waveguide resonant sub-cavity 5 and the waveguide resonant main cavity 4.

[0113] In practical applications, the lightning interception device of this application may also include a fastening device 8;

[0114] One end of the fastening device 8 is connected to the tuner 6.

[0115] The fastening device 8 can be used to fix the lightning interception device to the building to be protected.

[0116] As described above, the fastening device 8 in this application can be used to fix the lightning interception device to the building to be protected. Therefore, the lightning interception device can be installed independently in the building to be protected, effectively intercepting lightning current. This not only improves the safety of the building to be protected but also saves on the cost of using lightning interception devices.

[0117] As can be seen from the above description, the tuner 6 can adjust the distributed parameters such as capacitance and inductance of the waveguide resonant main cavity 4 and the waveguide resonant secondary cavity 5 to ensure the normal operation of the waveguide resonant main cavity 4 and the waveguide resonant secondary cavity 5.

[0118] In practical applications, tuners of different lengths and diameters have different parameters. To better achieve the interception of lightning current by the lightning interception device, tuners of different lengths and diameters are selected. The tuner 6 has a slight influence on the parameters of the waveguide resonant main cavity 4 and the waveguide resonant secondary cavity 5. Therefore, the tuner 6 can be set as a circular metal tube of a preset length and preset diameter according to actual needs.

[0119] For example, the tuner 6 can be configured as a circular metal tube with a length of 200mm-260mm and a diameter of 25mm-28mm. This ensures that the inherent inductance L of the tuner 6 is 0.5-0.8μH and the inherent inductance C is 500-800pF.

[0120] As can be seen from the above-described technical solution, the tuner 6 of this application can use waveform metal tubes of different lengths and diameters as needed to effectively adjust the distributed parameters such as capacitance and inductance of the waveguide resonant main cavity 4 and the waveguide resonant secondary cavity 5, so as to ensure the normal operation of the waveguide resonant main cavity 4 and the waveguide resonant secondary cavity 5.

[0121] Finally, it should be noted that in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0122] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0123] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Various embodiments can be combined with each other. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A lightning intercept device, characterized in that, include: Several lightning rods, interceptor spheres, sphere connectors, waveguide resonator main cavity, waveguide resonator secondary cavity, and tuners; The flash receiver, the interceptor sphere, the sphere connector, the waveguide resonator main cavity, the waveguide resonator secondary cavity, and the tuner are all made of metal. Several of the lightning rods are connected to the surface of the interceptor sphere from both vertical and horizontal directions. The interceptor sphere, the sphere connector, the waveguide resonator main cavity, the waveguide resonator secondary cavity, and the tuner are connected in sequence. The lightning rod is used to receive lightning strike current from both vertical and horizontal directions; The spherical connector is used to maintain the electrical path between the interceptor sphere and the waveguide resonant main cavity; The interceptor sphere is used to uniformly distribute the charge from the waveguide resonant main cavity to several lightning rods. Under the induction of the downward leading conductive field of the thundercloud, when the surface electric field strength reaches the preset activation threshold, the variable capacitor built into the waveguide resonant sub-cavity is turned on, and based on the charge polarity of the surface electric field, the charge polarity of the lightning interception device is changed to the same charge polarity as the surface electric field. And adjust the start-up voltage of the resonant circuit of the waveguide resonant main cavity so that the resonant circuit of the waveguide resonant main cavity begins to resonate; The waveguide resonant main cavity has a built-in resonant circuit. Under the adjustment of the waveguide resonant sub-cavity, the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit reaches a preset frequency, generating a voltage Q times higher than the surface electric field strength, which is transmitted to the tips of several lightning rods to generate a target upward leader of a preset length. When the lightning downward leader connects with the target upward leader, a lightning discharge channel is formed, discharging the lightning current to the ground. The waveguide resonant main cavity is configured with a resonant frequency bandwidth. When the downlink leader of lightning connects with the uplink leader of the target and the first return stroke occurs, the first return stroke pulse current generated by the surface electric field enters the waveguide resonant main cavity through the downlead impedance and the variable capacitor in sequence. The waveguide resonant main cavity is used to attenuate the frequency components of the first return stroke pulse current that do not conform to the resonant frequency bandwidth limit, and transmit the frequency components that conform to the resonant frequency bandwidth limit to the lightning discharge channel to neutralize the charge of the thundercloud. The tuner is used to adjust the distribution parameters within the main waveguide resonator cavity and the secondary waveguide resonator cavity. The variable capacitor is also used to isolate the continuous current generated by the lightning strike current entering the waveguide resonant sub-cavity, so that the continuous current flows back from the waveguide resonant sub-cavity to the waveguide resonant main cavity and undergoes total reflection inside the waveguide resonant main cavity. Thus, during the total reflection process, the waveguide resonant main cavity converts the electrical energy of the continuous current into heat energy, thereby achieving the attenuation of the continuous current.

2. The lightning intercept device of claim 1, wherein, The waveguide resonant main cavity also includes: an amplitude spectrum selector. The amplitude spectrum selector of the waveguide resonant main cavity is used to identify and determine the amplitude spectrum and energy spectrum of the lightning current based on the dual exponential wave characteristics of the lightning current, so that the waveguide resonant main cavity can attenuate the lightning current based on the amplitude spectrum and energy spectrum of the lightning current.

3. The lightning intercept device of claim 1, wherein, The resonant circuit built into the waveguide resonant main cavity includes: a circular single conductor; The circular single conductor includes a transverse electric mode or a transverse magnetic mode; The circular single conductor is used to increase the voltage multiplication value of the lightning interception device and guide the directional propagation of electromagnetic wave energy.

4. The lightning intercept device of claim 1, wherein, The distributed parameters within the main waveguide resonant cavity and the secondary waveguide resonant cavity include inductance and capacitance.

5. The lightning intercept device of claim 1, wherein, Also includes: Cavity lock; One end of the cavity lock is connected to the waveguide resonant sub-cavity, and the other end is connected to the tuner. The cavity lock is used to lock the waveguide resonant sub-cavity to isolate the waveguide resonant sub-cavity and the waveguide resonant main cavity from the outside air.

6. The lightning intercept device of any one of claims 1-5, wherein, Also includes: Fastening device; One end of the fastening device is connected to the tuner. The fastening device is used to secure the lightning interception device to the building to be protected.

7. The lightning interception device according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The tuner is a circular metal tube of a preset length and a preset diameter.

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