Catheter having a textured surface

Abstract

The invention is entitled "Catheter with textured surface." A catheter is disclosed that can have a textured outer shaft surface with protrusions and / or indentations that can reduce friction between the outer shaft surface and a blood vessel anatomy or an inner lumen surface of another catheter that contacts the outer shaft surface. The catheter can include protrusions and / or indentations on an inner lumen surface that can reduce friction between the inner lumen surface and an outer shaft surface of another catheter within the example catheter. The protrusions can be filled with a lubricant or a vasodilator drug, and the protrusions can be configured to break in response to a force on the protrusions during passage through a blood vessel anatomy and / or an inner lumen of another catheter to release the fluid. The catheter can include a metal tubular reinforcing layer with openings through which the protrusions and / or indentations extend and / or the protrusions and / or indentations are shaped into the reinforcing layer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to medical devices and treatments, and more particularly to catheters. Background Technology

[0002] Catheters offer a wide range of functions in endovascular medical treatments. They are typically tubular devices made of medical-grade materials that can be inserted into the body and used to deliver medications or other devices, perform surgical procedures, remove blockages from blood vessels, and for various other purposes. By changing the materials or modifying the way the catheter is manufactured, different sections of the catheter can be customized for specific applications.

[0003] Friction occurs when the catheter passes through vascular anatomy or the lumen of another catheter, resulting in friction between the catheter's outer surface and the vascular system or the lumen of the other catheter. The amount of friction determines the magnitude of the tracking force required to move the catheter. Excessive friction or tracking force can cause the catheter to become stuck, damage tissue, or become kinked. Furthermore, vasospasm can occur when the catheter passes through the neurovascular system, which can prolong the procedure. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The examples presented herein generally include catheters with a textured outer tube surface having protrusions and / or indentations that reduce friction between the outer tube surface and the vascular anatomy or the lumen of another catheter in contact with the outer tube surface. Alternatively, the catheter may include protrusions and / or indentations on the surface of the inner lumen that reduce friction between the inner lumen surface and the outer tube surface of another catheter or a device within the example catheter. The protrusions and / or indentations can be configured in size, shape, location, and other ways to influence the catheter's flexibility gradient. The protrusions may be filled with a lubricant or vasodilator and may be configured to break upon application of force to release fluid. For example, during passage through the vascular anatomy and / or the lumen of another catheter, the protrusion may rupture in response to a force. Some example catheters may include a metallic tubular reinforcing layer. The metallic tubular reinforcing layer may include openings through which protrusions and / or indentations extend. Alternatively or otherwise, protrusions and / or indentations can be formed in the reinforcing layer.

[0005] An example catheter may include a first tubular surface, a second tubular surface opposite the first tubular surface, and deformable portions, each of the deformable portions including indentations on the first surface and corresponding protrusions on the second surface opposite the indentations.

[0006] The indentation and corresponding protrusion of each deformed part in the deformed part can be hemispherical in shape.

[0007] The first surface energy is the inner surface of the catheter, and the second surface energy is the outer surface of the catheter. Alternatively, the first surface is the outer surface of the catheter, and the second surface is the inner surface of the catheter. As another option, the catheter can be configured such that the outer surface includes both indentations and protrusions, and the inner surface includes both protrusions and indentations corresponding to the indentations and protrusions on the outer surface, to form corresponding deformable portions.

[0008] The first region of the catheter may include some or all of the deformable portions spaced apart in a regular pattern. The second region of the catheter may not include deformable portions, may be substantially smooth at least on the outer surface of the catheter, and may have a sufficiently large area to interrupt the regular pattern of deformable portions in the first region. When the outer portion of the catheter, including the first and second regions, is applied to vascular tissue, the contact between the second region and the vascular tissue can result in a higher coefficient of static friction compared to the coefficient of static friction between the first region and the vascular tissue.

[0009] The catheter may also include an inner liner, a braided support structure surrounding the inner liner, and an outer polymer layer surrounding the braided support structure. The catheter may also include a tubular metal reinforcement layer surrounding the braided support structure. The outer polymer layer may surround the tubular metal reinforcement layer.

[0010] The deformable portion can be formed by an inner liner, a braided support structure, and an outer polymer layer. The tubular metal reinforcing layer can have a sidewall opening through which the inner layer, braided support structure, and outer polymer layer protrude to form at least one deformable portion. A portion of the sidewall opening can have a circumferentially circular shape. A portion of the deformable portion protruding through the sidewall opening can have a hemispherical shape with a circumference approximately equal to the circumference of the circular shape of the sidewall opening. A portion of the sidewall opening can have a spiral shape surrounding the conduit.

[0011] A portion of the deformable section can be formed by a metal tubular reinforcing layer.

[0012] The metal tubular reinforcing layer can be cut from a single continuous thallium tube.

[0013] The deformable portion can be positioned to introduce a flexible gradient in the metal tubular reinforcement layer, wherein the flexibility of the metal tubular reinforcement layer increases in a distal direction defined by the orientation of the catheter during treatment.

[0014] Another example catheter may include an inner liner, a braided support structure disposed around the inner liner, a metal tubular reinforcement layer disposed around the inner liner, an outer polymer layer disposed around the metal tubular reinforcement layer and shaping the outer surface of the catheter, and protrusions extending from the outer surface of the catheter.

[0015] Each protrusion can be hemispherical. The protrusions can be regularly spaced apart on at least a portion of the outer surface of the catheter. The catheter can have a smooth region that does not include the hemispherical protrusions and interrupts the spacer pattern of the hemispherical protrusions. The smooth region can be on the outer surface of the catheter. When applied to vascular tissue, the smooth region results in a higher coefficient of static friction compared to the outer surface of a catheter with a spacer pattern of hemispherical protrusions that is not interrupted by the smooth region.

[0016] The catheter may include fluid-filled lumens, each located beneath one of the protrusions and shaped by an outer polymer layer. Each fluid-filled lumen may be configured to rupture in response to stress induced on the respective protrusion during endovascular treatment to release fluid from the lumen. The fluid may contain oil and / or a drug. The fluid may contain a drug that inhibits vasospasm, and the fluid-filled lumen may be configured to rupture in response to vasospasm. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The foregoing and other aspects of the invention will be further discussed with reference to the following description and the accompanying drawings, in which similar numbers indicate similar structural elements and features in various figures. The drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale; rather, the emphasis is on illustrating the principles of the invention. The drawings depict one or more specific embodiments of the apparatus of the invention by way of example only and not by way of limitation.

[0018] Figure 1 This is an illustration of the outer surface of a portion of an example conduit with protrusions according to an aspect of the invention.

[0019] Figures 2A to 2D Examples of catheter constructions according to aspects of the present invention, such as Figure 1 The cross-sectional diagram shown is shown.

[0020] Figure 3 This is an illustration of an example conduit including a metal tubular reinforcing layer according to an aspect of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4A and Figure 4B This is an illustration of a smooth region of an example catheter according to an aspect of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 This is an illustration of treatment using an example catheter, incorporating aspects of the present invention.

[0023] Figures 6A to 6D Example catheter construction according to aspects of the present invention, such as Figure 5 The cross-sectional diagram shown is shown.

[0024] Figure 7A This is an isometric view of a portion of an example conduit that includes indentations on its outer surface, according to an aspect of the invention.

[0025] Figure 7B This is an isometric view of a portion of an example conduit including indentations on the outer surface and corresponding protrusions on the inner surface, according to an aspect of the invention. Detailed Implementation

[0026] As used herein, the term “about” or “approximately” for any numerical value or range indicates a suitable dimensional tolerance that allows a collection of parts or components to achieve the intended purpose as described herein. More specifically, “about” or “approximately” may refer to a range of ±20% of the enumerated values, for example, “about 90%” may refer to a range of values ​​from 71% to 99%.

[0027] When used herein, the terms “tubular” and “tube” should be interpreted broadly and are not limited to structures that are perfectly cylindrical or have a perfectly circular cross-section or a uniform cross-section over their entire length. For example, tubular structures or systems are typically shown as structures that are substantially cylindrical. However, tubular systems may have tapered or curved outer surfaces without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0028] The accompanying drawings illustrate various example catheters 100, 200, 300 and catheter portions 100a-d, 300a-d, which have features that allow them to be combined with each other to produce a variety of catheter designs. Based on the teachings herein, as will be understood by those skilled in the art, the resulting catheter designs can vary along their length to achieve desired stiffness and / or track changes in capacity.

[0029] Figure 1 This is an illustration of the outer surface of a portion of an example catheter 100, which has protrusions (small protrusions) 104 extending from an otherwise smooth surface 106. The protrusions 104 are arranged and shaped to reduce friction between the outer surface of catheter 100 and vascular anatomy or the lumen of another catheter that contacts this outer surface. Friction is reduced by decreasing the contact area with the outer surface of the protrusions 104; due to the height of the protrusions 104, contact between the smooth surface 106 and vascular anatomy or the lumen of another catheter is inhibited. Reduced friction results in reduced tracking force and / or easier tracking ability.

[0030] The dimensions of the protrusions 104 can be described in relation to the diameter (D1) of the small protrusions, the diameter of the circular base of the hemispherical protrusions, and the depth (H1) of the small protrusions. The height of the protrusions 104 is measured radially from the smooth surface 106. The spacing of the protrusions 104 in the regular pattern can be described in relation to the pitch (P1) of the small protrusions (the distance between the center points of the bases of the protrusions 104). The diameter (D1), pitch (P1), and depth (H1) of the small protrusions can be varied to achieve the desired tracking capability of the outer surface of the catheter 100. In addition or alternatively, the diameter (D1), pitch (P1), and depth (H1) of the small protrusions can be varied to achieve the desired flexibility and / or flexibility gradient of the catheter 100, wherein the catheter is generally preferably stiffer near its proximal end and gradually becomes more flexible toward its distal end.

[0031] Figures 2A to 2D This is an example of a catheter construction. Figure 1 The cross-sectional diagrams shown are illustrated. Each cross-sectional diagram represents a corresponding conduit portion 100a to 100d. Based on the teachings herein, as will be understood by those skilled in the art, features of each cross-section 100a to 100d can be combined to form various cross-sectional configurations.

[0032] Figure 2A The illustration shows a catheter portion 100a having an inner liner 115 forming a smooth inner surface and an outer layer 182 shaped to form protrusions 104. The catheter portion 100A includes an intermediate braided layer 102 and a portion of a tubular metal reinforcement layer 110 providing stability to the catheter. The tubular metal reinforcement layer 110 can be configured similar to... Figure 3 The example conduit 200 shown has a metallic tubular reinforcing layer 210 and / or is otherwise constructed, as described in U.S. Patent Application No. 243382.000291, filed concurrently herein. For example, Figure 2A The cross-section of the metal tubular reinforcing layer 110 shown can interact with... Figure 3 The strip-shaped cut section 240 of the catheter 200 shown overlaps.

[0033] The outer layer 182 can be configured to maintain the shape of the protrusion 104 during catheter manipulation. Alternatively, the outer layer 182 can be configured such that when the protrusion is pressed against vascular tissue and / or the lumen of another catheter (e.g., during vasoconstriction or spasm), the outer layer 182 ruptures or opens to release fluid in a small protrusion lumen 118 beneath the protrusion 104. This configuration allows the protrusion to rupture as needed to facilitate tracking of the catheter portion 100a. In some examples, the small protrusion lumen 118 can include a drug (such as nitrous oxide) to inhibit vasospasm. In addition or alternatively, the small protrusion lumen 118 can include a lubricant (such as oil or heparin) to lubricate the surface of the catheter portion 100A. The small protrusion lumen 118 with lubricant or vasodilator facilitates insertion of the catheter portion 100a into a blood vessel with an inner diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the catheter portion 100a. The pressure of the blood vessel on the outer surface of the catheter portion 100A can cause the outer layer 182 to rupture, thereby releasing lubricant and / or vasodilator from the small protrusion cavity 118 to make the catheter portion 100A easier to slide and / or increase the inner diameter of the blood vessel.

[0034] Figure 2B The illustration shows a conduit portion 100b with deformable sections, each having a protrusion 104 on its outer surface and opposing indentations 122 on its inner surface. The conduit portion 100b includes an inner liner 115, an intermediate braided layer 102, and an outer layer 182 co-formed to create the deformable sections. The indentations 122 on the inner surface of the conduit portion 100b can reduce the tracking force of such devices by decreasing the contact area between the inner surface of the conduit portion 100b and the device passing through the lumen of the conduit portion 100b. The indentations 122 on the inner surface of the conduit portion 100b can also increase the overall internal volume of the conduit compared to conduits with similar inner diameters, resulting in a more efficient ability to aspirate or flush larger volumes of fluid through the lumen of the conduit portion 100b. This can be particularly advantageous when a device is placed within the lumen of the conduit portion 100b.

[0035] Figure 2C The illustration shows a conduit portion 100c with deformable portions, each having a protrusion 104 on its outer surface and opposing indentations 122 on its inner surface. The conduit portion 100c includes an inner liner 115, an intermediate braid 102, and an outer layer 182, which are collectively shaped to form a structure similar to... Figure 2B The deformed portion of the conduit portion 100b is shown. The conduit portion 100c further includes a metal tubular reinforcing layer 110 having an opening through which the deformed portion extends. The opening can be circular. The deformed portion can have a circular base, the circumference or diameter of which is approximately equal to the circumference or diameter of the opening through which it extends. For example, the opening can be configured to... Figure 3 The holes 220 in the metal tubular reinforcing layer 210 of the shown conduit 200 are similar. The protrusions 104 can have a small protrusion diameter (D) that is approximately equal to the diameter of the hole through which each protrusion extends.

[0036] Figure 2D The illustration shows a conduit portion 100d with deformable portions, each having a protrusion 104 on the outer surface of the conduit portion 100d and an opposing indentation 122 on the inner surface of the conduit portion 100d. The conduit portion 100d includes an inner liner 115 co-formed to form the deformable portions, an intermediate braided layer 102, a metal tubular reinforcing layer 110, and an outer layer 182.

[0037] Figure 3 This is an illustration of an example conduit 200 including a metal tubular reinforcing layer 210. The construction of the conduit 200 and various configurations of the metal tubular reinforcing layer 210 are described in more detail in U.S. Patent Application No. 243382.000291, filed concurrently herein. The metal tubular reinforcing layer 210 is optional, as current typical conduit designs achieve stiffness by adding a polymer layer (typically adding it to the proximal end 212 near the conduit 200) in areas where increased stiffness is required. The metal tubular reinforcing layer 210 can replace the proximal portion of many current plastic conduit shaft designs. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, the illustrated conduit 200 can be modified to include additional layers.

[0038] The innermost layer of catheter 200 may include a liner 215 of PTFE or other low-friction material to facilitate the passage of auxiliary devices through the catheter lumen. A braided support structure 220 may be disposed around the liner 215, having a braid or winding of threads or bands involving other materials. A metallic tubular reinforcement layer 210 may be disposed on the braid 220. A polymer sheath 282 may be disposed on the braid 220 and the metallic tubular reinforcement layer 210. A trauma-resistant polymer tip 230 may be disposed at the distal end 214 of catheter 200. A radiopaque marker or band 216 (such as platinum) may be disposed adjacent to the tip 230 to mark the distal end of catheter 200 during procedure.

[0039] The metal tubular reinforcing layer 210 extends from the proximal end 212 of the conduit 200 and terminates at a point proximal to the distal end 224 of the distal end 214 of the conduit 200, extending at least a portion of the length of the conduit 200. The metal tubular reinforcing layer 210 can be cut from a single continuous nitinol tube or other suitable material.

[0040] The stiffness transition along the axial length of the conduit 200 can be affected by the positioning of the cut patterns and / or protrusions 104 and / or indentations 122 in the metal tubular reinforcing layer 210 along the conduit 200. The conduit 200 can include protrusions 104, indentations 122, and combinations thereof to achieve a similar effect to... Figures 2A to 2D The cross-sections of those shown are described. Hemispherical or other trauma-resistant deformable portions can be positioned to introduce a flexibility gradient within the tubular metal reinforcement layer 210, wherein the flexibility of the tubular metal reinforcement layer 210 increases in a distal direction defined by the orientation of the catheter 200 during treatment. The diameter (D), pitch (P), and depth (H) of the protrusions can be varied to achieve the desired stiffness and stiffness gradient of the catheter 200. The cutting pattern of the tubular metal reinforcement layer 210 can define sidewall openings (e.g., spaces between orifices 220 and strip segments 240), some or all of the remaining layers 280, 202, 215 of the catheter 200 can extend through these sidewall openings to form protrusions 104 and / or indentations 122. Alternatively or additionally, the tubular metal reinforcement layer 210 can be shaped to form protrusions 104 and / or indentations 122.

[0041] Figure 4A and Figure 4B This is an illustration of a smooth region 126 on the outer surface of an example catheter 100. The outer surface includes a first region 124 having protrusions 104 spaced apart in a certain pattern and a second region excluding the protrusions 104, which is substantially smooth and has a sufficiently large area to interrupt the pattern of deformed portions in the first region 124. When applied to vascular tissue, the smooth second region 126 can create a higher coefficient of friction compared to the first region 124 with protrusions 104. The protrusions 104 can be spaced apart in the first region 124 in a regular and / or irregular pattern as shown.

[0042] The smooth area 126 provides a high-friction anchoring patch to allow the catheter 100 to be anchored in place. When the catheter 100 is positioned within the vascular system and a device or smaller catheter is pushed through the lumen of the catheter 100, the friction between the anchoring patch 126 and the vessel wall prevents the catheter 100 from shifting or dislodging.

[0043] Alternatively, the smooth region 126 can define the controlled bending position of the conduit 100.

[0044] Figure 4B It is an isometric view of the catheter portion 100a with a smooth inner lumen surface.

[0045] Figure 5This is an illustration of the outer surface of a portion of an example catheter 300, which has indentations (pits) 304 extending into an otherwise smooth surface 306. The indentations 304 are arranged and shaped to reduce friction between the outer surface of catheter 300 and vascular anatomy or the lumen of another catheter in contact with that outer surface. Friction is reduced by decreasing the contact area with the smooth surface 306, and due to the depth of the indentations 304, contact between a portion of the indentation 304 and the vascular anatomy or the lumen of another catheter is limited. Reduced friction results in reduced tracking force and / or easier tracking ability.

[0046] The dimensions of the indentation 304 can be described in relation to the diameter (D2) of the pit, the diameter of the circular base of the hemispherical indentation, and the depth (H2) of the pit, the depth of which is measured radially inward from the smooth surface 306. The spacing of the indentations 304 in the regular pattern can be described in relation to the pitch (P2) of the pits (the distance between the center points of the bases of the indentations 304). The diameter (D2), pitch (P2), and depth (H2) of the pits can be varied to achieve the desired tracking capability of the outer surface of the catheter 300. In addition or alternatively, the diameter (D2), pitch (P2), and depth (H2) of the pits can be varied to achieve the desired flexibility and / or flexibility gradient of the catheter 300, wherein the catheter is generally preferably stiffer near its proximal end and gradually becomes more flexible toward its distal end.

[0047] Figures 6A to 6D Is it like this? Figure 5 The illustrations show cross-sectional views of example catheter structures. Each cross-sectional view represents a corresponding catheter portion 300a-300d. Features of each cross-section 300a to 300d can be combined to form various cross-sectional configurations. Furthermore, based on the teachings herein, as will be understood by those skilled in the art, Figures 2A to 2D The characteristic energy of each cross section 100a to 100d shown is related to Figures 6A to 6D The features of each cross section are combined to produce various cross sections.

[0048] Figure 6A The illustration shows a catheter portion 300A having an inner liner 315 forming a smooth inner surface and an outer layer 382 with shaped indentations 304. The catheter portion 300a includes an intermediate braided layer 302 and a portion of a metal tubular reinforcing layer 310 providing stability to the catheter. The metal tubular reinforcing layer 310 can be configured similar to... Figure 3 The example conduit 200 shown has a metallic tubular reinforcing layer 210 and / or is otherwise constructed, as described in U.S. Patent Application No. 243382.000291, filed concurrently herein. For example, Figure 6A The cross-section of the metal tubular reinforcing layer 310 shown can interact with... Figure 3 The strip-shaped cut sections 240 of the catheter 200 shown overlap. As shown, the indentation 304 is formed only by the outer layer 382, ​​while the reinforcing layer 310 and the braided layer 302 are smooth. Therefore, the outer layer 382 has a greater thickness than the other layers 310, 302, and 315, and the indentation 304 is embedded in the outer layer 382.

[0049] Figure 6B The illustration shows a conduit portion 300b with deformable sections, each having an indentation 304 on its outer surface and opposing protrusions 322 on its inner surface. The conduit portion 300b includes an inner liner 315, an intermediate braided layer 302, and an outer layer 382, ​​all co-formed to create the deformable sections. The indentations 322 on the inner surface of the conduit portion 300b reduce the contact area between the inner surface of the conduit portion 300b and a device passing through the lumen of the conduit portion 300b, thus reducing the tracking force of such devices and consequently reducing friction.

[0050] Figure 6C The illustration shows a conduit portion 300c with deformable portions, each having an indentation 304 on its outer surface and opposing protrusions 322 on its inner surface. The conduit portion 300c includes an inner liner 315, an intermediate braided layer 302, and an outer layer 382, ​​which are collectively formed to create a structure similar to... Figure 6B The deformed portion of the conduit portion 300b is shown. The conduit portion 300c further includes a metal tubular reinforcing layer 310 having openings through which the deformed portion extends. The openings can be circular. The deformed portions can have circular bases, the circumference or diameter of which is approximately equal to the circumference or diameter of the openings through which they respectively extend. For example, the openings can be configured to... Figure 3 The holes 220 in the metal tubular reinforcing layer 210 of the shown conduit 200 are similar.

[0051] Figure 6D The illustration shows a conduit portion 600d with deformable portions, each having an indentation 304 on the outer surface of the conduit portion 300d and opposing protrusions 322 on the inner surface of the conduit portion 300d. The conduit portion 300d includes an inner liner 315 co-formed to form the deformable portions, an intermediate braided layer 302, a metal tubular reinforcing layer 310, and an outer layer 382.

[0052] Figure 7A This is an isometric view of a portion of an example catheter section 300a, which includes an indentation 304 on an outer surface and a smooth inner lumen surface 315.

[0053] Figure 7BThis is an isometric view of a portion of an example conduit section 300b, which includes indentations 3 to 4 on an outer surface and corresponding protrusions 322 on a smooth inner surface 315. The conduit section 300b also includes an anchor patch region 326, which is configured similar to... Figure 4A and Figure 4B The anchor patch area 126 is shown.

[0054] The descriptions contained herein are examples of embodiments of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. As described herein, the invention contemplates many variations and modifications of the catheter, including alternative materials, alternative geometries, alternative structures, combinations with compatible structures, etc. For example, protrusions and indentations drawn herein as hemispherical can have any wound-resistant shape, including domes, ridges, or grooves. The therapeutic methods using the example catheters and the methods of constructing the example catheters are within the scope of this disclosure. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the following claims.

Claims

1. A catheter, comprising: First tubular surface; A second tubular surface, which is opposite to the first tubular surface; Multiple deformable portions, each of the multiple deformable portions including an indentation on the first tubular surface and a corresponding protrusion on the second tubular surface opposite to the indentation; Lining; A braided thread support structure is provided around the inner lining; A metal tubular reinforcing layer is provided around the braided wire support structure; and An outer polymer layer is disposed around the metal tubular reinforcing layer. The deformable portion is formed by the inner liner, the braided support structure, and the outer polymer layer, and The metal tubular reinforcing layer includes a sidewall opening, through which the liner and the braided support structure protrude to shape at least one of the deformable portions.

2. The catheter according to claim 1, The indentation and corresponding protrusion of each of the plurality of deformable parts are hemispherical in shape.

3. The catheter of claim 1, wherein the first tubular surface is the inner surface of the catheter, and the second tubular surface is the outer surface of the catheter.

4. The catheter of claim 1, wherein the first tubular surface is the outer surface of the catheter, and the second tubular surface is the inner surface of the catheter.

5. The catheter according to claim 1, further comprising: The first region of the catheter includes at least a portion of the plurality of deformable portions spaced apart in a regular pattern; and The second region, excluding the deformed portion, is substantially smooth at least on the outer surface of the conduit and includes a sufficiently large area to interrupt the regular pattern of the portion of the deformed portion in the first region. When the outside of the catheter, which includes the first region and the second region, is applied to vascular tissue, the contact between the second region and the vascular tissue results in a higher static friction coefficient compared to the static friction coefficient between the first region and the vascular tissue.

6. The catheter according to claim 1, The sidewall opening includes a circular shape, the circular shape including a circumference, and Each of the at least one deformable portion protruding through the sidewall opening comprises a hemispherical shape, the perimeter of which is equal to the circumference of the circular shape of the sidewall opening.

7. The catheter of claim 1, wherein the sidewall opening comprises a helical shape surrounding the catheter.

8. The conduit according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the deformed portions is further shaped by the metal tubular reinforcing layer.

9. The conduit according to claim 1, wherein the metal tubular reinforcing layer is cut from a single continuous thiopanthus tube.

10. The catheter of claim 1, wherein the deformable portion is positioned to introduce a flexible gradient in the metal tubular reinforcement layer, wherein the flexibility of the metal tubular reinforcement layer increases in a distal direction defined by the orientation of the catheter during treatment.

11. A catheter, comprising: Lining; A braided thread support structure is provided around the inner lining; A metal tubular reinforcing layer is provided around the braided wire support structure; An outer polymer layer is disposed around the metal tubular reinforcing layer and shapes the outer surface of the conduit; and A protrusion extending from the outer surface of the conduit. The protrusion is formed by the inner liner, the braided support structure, and the outer polymer layer, and The metal tubular reinforcing layer includes a sidewall opening, through which the liner and the braided support structure protrude to form at least one of the protrusions.

12. The catheter according to claim 11, Each of the protrusions comprises a hemispherical shape, and The protrusions are regularly spaced apart on at least a portion of the outer surface of the catheter.

13. The catheter according to claim 12, further comprising: Multiple smooth regions, the multiple smooth regions excluding hemispherical protrusions and interrupting the spacing pattern of the hemispherical protrusions.

14. The catheter according to claim 13, The smooth region is on the outer surface of the catheter, and When applied to vascular tissue, the smooth region results in a higher coefficient of static friction compared to the outer surface of the catheter having a spaced pattern of hemispherical protrusions that are not interrupted by the smooth region.

15. The catheter according to claim 11, further comprising: Multiple fluid-filled cavities, each located below one of the protrusions and formed by the outer polymer layer.

16. The catheter of claim 15, wherein each of the fluid-filled lumens is configured to rupture in response to stress induced on the respective protrusion during intravascular treatment to release fluid from the lumen, and the fluid comprises oil and / or a drug.

17. The catheter of claim 16, wherein the fluid comprises a drug that inhibits vasospasm, and each of the fluid-filled cavities is configured to rupture in response to vasospasm.

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