Methods and apparatus for nr positioning enhancements and resource aggregation

Abstract

One approach may include generating a receive timing error group (Rx TEG) based on a time delay of a received (Rx) signal, wherein the time delay is a time measured from the time the Rx signal arrives at the Rx antenna to the time the Rx signal is digitized and timestamped at the user equipment (UE) baseband processor, determining a timing error group (TEG) index corresponding to the generated Rx TEG, determining a positioning measurement associated with the Rx antenna used to generate the Rx TEG, and reporting the positioning measurement associated with the Rx TEG index.

Description

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority and interest in U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 147,844, filed February 10, 2021; U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 160,337, filed March 12, 2021; U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 171,426, filed April 6, 2021; and U.S. Application No. 17 / 570,286, filed January 6, 2022, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Technical Field

[0003] This application generally relates to NR positioning enhancement and resource aggregation based on timing and angle methods. Background Technology

[0004] In some mobile communication networks (e.g., 5G networks), the position or orientation of a user equipment (UE) can be determined using location determination technologies (e.g., NR positioning). With technological advancements, more accurate UE orientation is required. Therefore, technologies to improve the accuracy of orientation determination are needed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] According to embodiments of this disclosure, a method includes generating a receive timing error group (Rx TEG) based on a time delay of a received (Rx) signal, wherein the time delay is a time measured from the time the Rx signal arrives at the Rx antenna to the time the Rx signal is digitized and timestamped at the baseband processor of the user equipment (UE); determining a timing error group (TEG) index corresponding to the generated Rx TEG; determining a positioning measurement associated with the Rx antenna used to generate the Rx TEG; and reporting the positioning measurement associated with the Rx TEG index.

[0006] Rx TEG can also be based on one or more reported UE capabilities.

[0007] Positioning measurements can include reference signal time difference (RSTD) measurements.

[0008] RSTD measurements can be based on position reference signal (PRS) resources associated with Rx TEG.

[0009] RSTD measurements may include multiple RSTD measurements based on PRS resources of the transmission and reception point (TRP), which has additional Rx TEGs corresponding to different UEs.

[0010] The method may also include pre-calibrating time delay and compensating for time delay based on pre-calibration.

[0011] The method may also include receiving a request to report the Rx TEG index from the Location Measurement Function (LMF).

[0012] The UE can be configured to operate as a UE-assisted positioning device, and the reporting of positioning measurements includes reporting to the LMF at the Location server.

[0013] The UE can be configured to operate as a UE-based positioning device, and reporting positioning measurements associated with the Rx TEG index includes reporting to the UE.

[0014] According to another embodiment, a method may include generating a transmission timing error group (Tx TEG) based on a time delay of a transmitted (Tx) signal, wherein the time delay is a time measured from the time the Tx signal is generated at the baseband processor to the time the user equipment (UE) transmits the Tx signal via its Tx antenna; determining a timing error group (TEG) index corresponding to the generated Tx TEG; reporting association information between sounding reference signal (SRS) resources for positioning and the Tx TEG index; and transmitting SRS resources for 5G Node B (gNB) measurements.

[0015] Tx TEG can also be based on one or more reported UE capabilities.

[0016] Location includes relative time of arrival (RTOA) measurement.

[0017] RTOA measurements are based on the transmit and receive points (TRPs) associated with the Tx TEG index.

[0018] The method may also include pre-calibrating time delay and compensating for time delay based on pre-calibration.

[0019] The method may also include receiving a request for a report Tx TEG index from the corresponding gNB.

[0020] Reporting associated information about SRS resources can include reporting to the Orientation Measurement Function (LMF) at the Orientation Server.

[0021] According to another embodiment, a method may include generating a receive and transmit timing error group (RxTx TEG) based on the time delay of the received and transmitted signals, wherein the time delay of the received and transmitted signals is the time from the time when the downlink (DL) positioning reference signal (PRS) arrives at the receive (Rx) antenna to the time when the uplink (UL) PRS is transmitted from the transmit (Tx) antenna of the user equipment (UE); determining a timing error group (TEG) index corresponding to the generated RxTx TEG; determining positioning measurements from the Rx antenna and the Tx antenna; and reporting the positioning measurements associated with the RxTx TEG index.

[0022] RxTx TEG can also be based on one or more reported UE capabilities.

[0023] Positioning measurements may include the UE Rx-Tx time difference.

[0024] UE Rx-Tx time difference measurement can be based on PRS and SRS resource pairs associated with RxTx TEG.

[0025] The method may also include pre-calibrating time delay and compensating for time delay based on pre-calibration.

[0026] The method may also include receiving a request from the Location Management Function (LMF) to report the RxTx TEG index.

[0027] Reporting positioning measurements can include reporting LMF to the orientation server.

[0028] According to another embodiment, a method may include: determining, during a timing window in the time domain, the reference signal received power (RSRP) for the i-th path delay at a user equipment (UE); measuring the RSRP of the arrival of the i-th path delay; and reporting the measured RSRP of the i-th path delay to a location server, wherein the measured RSRP of the i-th path delay is the power of a received downlink (DL) positioning reference signal (PRS) configured for measurement at the i-th path delay in the channel response.

[0029] RSRP can be PRS RSRP.

[0030] Reporting RSRP measurements can include reporting RSRP measurements for M paths configured by the Location Management Function (LMF).

[0031] M can be a value chosen from 1, 3, 5, 17, or 33.

[0032] The method may also include receiving a measurement request from the LMF specifying the path for reporting the RSRP measurement.

[0033] The method may also include determining the phase of the PRS RSRP corresponding to the first arrival path and N additional paths, where N≥2, and reporting the phase to the orientation server.

[0034] The method may also include determining the phase and amplitude of the PRS RSRP corresponding to the first arrival path and the additional N paths, where N≥2, and reporting the phase and amplitude to the orientation server.

[0035] The method may also include determining the arrival time of the PRS RSRP corresponding to the first arrival path and the additional N paths, where N≥2, and reporting the arrival time to the orientation server.

[0036] According to another embodiment, a method may include determining the maximum per-band combination (per-BC) value of the Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) for each frequency band and each carrier aggregation (CA) type, and reporting the largest of the per-BC values ​​to a azimuth server.

[0037] The method may also include reporting a 3-tuple indicator to a azimuth server, wherein the 3-tuple indicator includes the maximum value of PRS across frequency range 1 (FR1), the maximum value of PRS across frequency range 2 (FR2), and a combined maximum value of PRS across both FR1 and FR2.

[0038] The 3-tuple indicator can be different for continuous CA within a frequency band, non-continuous CA within a frequency band, and CA between frequency bands.

[0039] The method may also include reporting a 5-tuple indicator to the orientation server, wherein, in response to each BC including only the frequency bands in FR1, the 5-tuple indicator includes the maximum value of the PRS of the frequency bands in FR1.

[0040] The method may also include reporting a 5-tuple indicator to the orientation server, wherein, in response to each BC including only the frequency bands in FR2, the 5-tuple indicator includes the maximum value of the PRS for the frequency bands in FR2.

[0041] The method may also include reporting a 5-tuple indicator to a azimuth server, wherein, in response to each BC including both FR1 and FR2 frequency bands, the 5-tuple indicator includes the maximum value of the PRS for the frequency band in FR1.

[0042] The method may also include reporting a 5-tuple indicator to a azimuth server, wherein, in response to each BC including both FR1 and FR2 frequency bands, the 5-tuple indicator includes the maximum value of the PRS for the frequency band in FR2.

[0043] The method may also include reporting a 5-tuple indicator to a azimuth server, wherein, in response to each BC including both FR1 and FR2 bands, the 5-tuple indicator includes the maximum value of the PRS for the bands in FR1 and FR2.

[0044] The scope of this invention is defined by the claims, which are incorporated herein by reference. A more complete understanding of embodiments of the invention, and the realization of its additional advantages, will be obtained by those skilled in the art through consideration of the following detailed description of one or more embodiments. Reference will be made to the accompanying drawings, which are first briefly described. Attached Figure Description

[0045] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating the signal path between a base station and a user equipment according to some embodiments.

[0046] Figure 2 This is an example table of timing errors and corresponding timing error group indexes based on some embodiments.

[0047] Figure 3 These are example algorithms for defining signal measurements, based on some embodiments.

[0048] Figure 4 This is another example algorithm for defining signal measurements, based on some embodiments.

[0049] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating the signal path between two antenna arrays and a receiver according to some embodiments.

[0050] Figure 6 This is an illustration of an example of discontinuous aggregation of PRS transmissions according to some embodiments.

[0051] Figures 7-9 This is a flowchart illustrating a timed execution positioning method according to some embodiments.

[0052] Figures 10-11 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for performing angle-based positioning according to some embodiments.

[0053] Figure 12 This is a block diagram of an electronic device in a network environment according to some embodiments.

[0054] The embodiments and advantages of this disclosure can be best understood by referring to the following detailed description. Unless otherwise stated, the same reference numerals denote the same elements throughout all the drawings and written description, and therefore, descriptions of the same reference numerals are not repeated. In the drawings, the relative dimensions of elements, layers, and regions may be enlarged for clarity. Detailed Implementation

[0055] Aspects of some embodiments of this disclosure and methods of implementing these aspects can be more readily understood by referring to the detailed description of the embodiments and accompanying drawings. Hereinafter, embodiments will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the described embodiments may be implemented in various different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments shown herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided as examples so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey various aspects of this disclosure to those skilled in the art. Therefore, processes, elements, and techniques that are not essential for a full understanding of the aspects of this disclosure by those skilled in the art are not described.

[0056] To meet the higher accuracy requirements of new applications and industry verticals, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) 5G New Radio (NR) positioning in Release 17 (Rel-17) proposes and specifies enhancements and solutions for improving orientation accuracy. For example, for general commercial use, the performance target might be sub-meter location accuracy (e.g., less than 1m), while in Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) applications, the desired location accuracy might be, for example, less than 0.2m. Furthermore, while the target latency might be less than 100ms in IIoT applications, latency on the order of 10ms might be expected in other applications. Therefore, to meet the potentially more stringent accuracy requirements of Rel-17, the timing- and angle-based positioning methods specified in Release 16 (Rel-16) can be enhanced by defining more accurate positioning measurements. Therefore, aspects of some embodiments of this disclosure may include techniques for NR positioning enhancement. For example, some embodiments may include signaling notifications of potential inaccuracies and techniques for improving positioning accuracy.

[0057] In both User Equipment (UE) and base stations (such as 5G NodeBs (gNBs)), a relatively large portion of the receive (Rx) and / or transmit (Tx) timing delays can be pre-calibrated to support the transmission and reception of Position Reference Signals (PRS). However, even after this pre-calibration, Rx / Tx timing errors still exist. Furthermore, different Rx / Tx antenna panels / RF chains can have the same or different Rx / Tx timing errors. To capture these timing errors, the 3GPP Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network Working Group 1 (RAN1) introduced the concept of Timing Error Groups (TEGs).

[0058] As used herein, timing error can also be specified as either Tx timing error or Rx timing error. Therefore, from the perspective of signal transmission, there is a time delay between the time it takes to generate a digital signal at baseband and the time it takes to transmit an RF signal from the Tx antenna. To support NR positioning, the UE / Transmit and Receive Point (TRP) can implement internal calibration / compensation for the Tx time delay for the transmission of downlink (DL) PRS / uplink (UL) sounding reference signal (SRS), which may also include calibration / compensation for the relative time delay between different RF chains within the same TRP / UE. Compensation can also take into account the offset of the Tx antenna phase center relative to the physical antenna center. However, calibration may not fully compensate for all delays. Therefore, the remaining Tx time delay after calibration (e.g., the uncalibrated and remaining Tx time delay) can be defined as the Tx timing error.

[0059] From a signal reception perspective, there is a time delay between the time the RF signal arrives at the Rx antenna and the time the RF signal is digitized and timestamped at the baseband. To support positioning, the UE / TRP can perform internal calibration / compensation for the Rx time delay before reporting measurements obtained from the DL PRS / ULSRS signals. This reporting can include calibration / compensation for the relative time delay between different RF chains within the same TRP / UE. Compensation can also take into account the offset of the Rx antenna phase center relative to the physical antenna center. However, calibration may not fully compensate for all delays. Therefore, the remaining Rx time delay after calibration (e.g., the uncalibrated and remaining Rx time delay) can be defined as the Rx timing error.

[0060] In this disclosure, a UE Tx TEG can be associated with the transmission of one or more UL SRS resources for positioning purposes, these resources having Tx timing errors within a certain tolerance. A TRP Tx TEG can be associated with the transmission of one or more DL PRS resources, these resources having Tx timing errors within a certain tolerance. A UE Rx TEG can be associated with one or more DL measurements, these measurements having Rx timing errors within a certain tolerance. A TRP Rx TEG can be associated with one or more UL measurements, these measurements having Rx timing errors within a certain tolerance. A UE RxTx TEG can be associated with one or more UE Rx-Tx time difference measurements and one or more UL SRS resources for positioning, these measurements and resources having “Rx timing error + Tx timing error” within a certain tolerance. A TRP RxTx TEG can be associated with one or more gNB Rx-Tx time difference measurements and one or more DL PRS resources, these measurements and resources having “Rx timing error + Tx timing error” within a certain tolerance.

[0061] According to the Rel-16 Downlink Angle of Departure (DL-AoD) positioning method, the UE location can be estimated based on the DL PRS Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) measurement performed at the UE on downlink radio signals from multiple Transmitting Transmission Points (TRPs), as well as the geographic coordinates of the TRPs and their relative downlink timing. The UE can use Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS) or PRS to perform RSRP measurements. Once the RSRP is reported from the UE, various methods can be used to estimate the DL-AoD. For example, fingerprinting can be used to estimate the DL-AoD based on RSRP reports received from multiple beams from the same gNB at the UE.

[0062] However, a drawback of RSRP reporting is that the UE may report the total power of all propagation paths. For example, propagation paths could include both non-line-of-sight (NLOS) and line-of-sight (LOS) paths. Therefore, localization by including all paths (both NLOS and LOS paths) may not be optimal. Figure 1 As shown, the angle between the LOS path and the NLOS path reflected from the ground can be provided as:

[0063]

[0064] For example, for a BS height h_ of 10m BS UE height h_ 1.5m UE For a horizontal distance d of 3m, the AoD difference α can be 5 degrees. Therefore, if the power of the NLOS path is included in the RSRP measurement used for AoD estimation, a significant decrease in DL AoD performance can be expected.

[0065] Here, DL PRS RSRP can be defined as the linear average of the power contribution (in watts) of the resource elements carrying the DL PRS reference signal configured for RSRP measurement within the considered measurement frequency bandwidth. Therefore, DL PRS RSRP includes the total received signal energy from all propagation paths. Furthermore, PRS RSRP is calculated in the frequency domain (on the RE), so obtaining the DL RSRP from the first path can be relatively difficult unless the signal is converted to the time domain. Therefore, it is desirable to define the DL RSRP for the first path.

[0066] Because the DL PRS RSRP includes the total received signal power from all propagation paths, not just the power of the first path, DL AoD may be less accurate. Therefore, a measurement report corresponding to the first path of arrival, which includes both the LOS and NLOS paths, can be considered. The following describes first path of arrival measurements for DL-AoD positioning according to some embodiments:

[0067] For both UE-based DL-AoD and UE-assisted DL-AoD, the following enhancements enable the UE to measure (for UE-based DL-AoD) and report (for UE-assisted DL-AoD) information related to the first arrival path:

[0068] Option 1: The information corresponds to the PRS RSRP of the first arrival path.

[0069] Option 2: The information corresponds to the departure angle of the first arrival path.

[0070] Option 3: The information corresponds to the arrival time of the first path.

[0071] Option 4: The information corresponds to the CIR phase associated with the first arrival path.

[0072] Option 5: The information corresponds to the received signal value of the first arrival path (the amplitude and phase of the channel estimated from the first path, which can be implemented as a combination of Options 1 and 4).

[0073] Therefore, embodiments of this disclosure describe techniques for improving timing-based and angle-based positioning methods. In some embodiments, timing-based and angle-based positioning methods can be improved by implementing signaling designs for measurement reporting (e.g., to a location server) for the UE. In some embodiments, mechanisms for reporting TEGs are also described. For example, TEG reporting may include changes to capability signaling and Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling. Some embodiments may also include a definition of a first path DL-RSRP.

[0074] In some embodiments, timing errors can be reduced or minimized by configuring the UE to calibrate timing errors. For example, the UE can be placed in a known orientation where the delay from adjacent TRPs is known. By comparing the measured time with the actual known time, the UE can be configured to calibrate itself and correct its timing errors. However, not all UEs are sophisticated enough to perform such a calibration process. While some high-end UEs may be able to support timing error calibration, some low-end UEs may not. In some embodiments, the calibrations that a UE can perform vary in degree. For example, some UEs can perform self-calibration, while others may be able to provide information to the TRP so that the TRP can perform calibration. Therefore, embodiments of this disclosure describe techniques for reporting UE capabilities. In some embodiments, capabilities may include the ability of a UE to calibrate its timing. In other embodiments, capabilities may also include providing measurements of the UE to a network (e.g., an orientation server) to assist TRP timing calibration. In some embodiments, UE capabilities may include timing errors, angle errors, and / or RSRP measurement errors.

[0075] In some embodiments, as previously described, timing errors can be reported in the form of a TEG. In timing-based positioning methods, it may be desirable for the UE to have an indication of whether the UE supports Rx / Tx TEG reporting. By indicating the UE's TEG, the network (e.g., a location server) will be able to determine the expected positioning accuracy for that UE and allocate resources accordingly. For example, because positioning accuracy depends on the PRS bandwidth and the number of TRPs transmitted for the PRS, the network can adjust the PRS overhead based on the UE's TEG, since transmitting the PRS is an overhead.

[0076] In some embodiments, the TEG can differ for various positioning methods. For example, in the Downlink Time Difference of Arrival (DL-TDOA) method, the UE quantifies the Rx timing error, while in the round trip time (RTT) method, the UE quantifies both the Rx and Tx timing errors. As a result, the UE can report different capabilities regarding TEG support for different positioning methods. Furthermore, as mentioned earlier, the TEG can depend on the antenna panel used. Therefore, the UE can report more than one TEG.

[0077] In some embodiments, several factors can affect the UE Rx / Tx timing error used for positioning. For example, for UE reception, the timing error may originate from the time delay from the antenna element (RF) to the baseband first stage (e.g., the analog-to-digital converter (ADC)), in which case the time delay may depend on frequency and temperature. On the other hand, if the timing error originates from the time delay in the digital front-end (DFE) processing after the ADC, the time delay may depend on bandwidth. Furthermore, for both narrow and wide beam configurations, dynamic UE antenna array phase center offset may be a major cause of timing error. Therefore, this antenna array phase offset can be considered as a timing delay dependent on the device's form factor, the antenna panel used, the beam configuration, and the angle of the transmitted / received signals. Thus, if the UE reports support for TEG, this capability may also depend on the UE processing bandwidth, carrier frequency, and beam configuration.

[0078] Therefore, the UE can report the ability to support Rx / Tx TEGs associated with positioning measurements. In some embodiments, TEGs can be reported for Rx, Tx, or both Rx and Tx. However, in some embodiments, more than one TEG value can be reported.

[0079] In some embodiments, the signaling-notified TEG can be used as a timing error for a known set of conditions (e.g., carrier frequency, bandwidth, temperature, antenna panel used, beam configuration, angle of arrival (AoA) / angle of departure (AoD), etc.). In some embodiments, the actual TEG can be determined from the signaling-notified TEG based on various conditions experienced by the UE.

[0080] Some embodiments may include various mechanisms for reporting TEG. One mechanism may include reporting the actual error for a given set of conditions, such as temperature, bandwidth, carrier frequency, antenna panel used, beam configuration, and angle of arrival (AoA) / angle of departure (AoD)). Therefore, one mechanism for implementing TEG capability is signaling notification of the maximum timing error for a given set of known conditions. The TEG can then be determined based on the conditions. For example, for doubled bandwidth, the timing error could be divided by two. Some factors may be assumed or can be indicated (e.g., via capability signals) as some drift factors, such as carrier frequency or temperature.

[0081] In some embodiments, the TEG for a measurement set at the UE can be defined in several different ways. One approach is to use the Rx / Tx antenna panel index to distinguish TEGs. For example, if two measurements are obtained by receiving and / or transmitting signals on the same antenna, these two measurements are associated with the same TEG. Furthermore, measurements belonging to the same TEG may contain substantially the same timing error, which can be mitigated by the azimuth measurement function (LMF). In some embodiments, the TEG index can be determined by the value of the timing error included in the reported measurements. According to this definition, the TEG can depend on the PRS / SRS bandwidth, carrier frequency, and positioning method.

[0082] The TEG can be reported as a timing error indicator with a timing value for each measurement. For RSTD and Rx-Tx time difference measurement reports, the UE can report the Rx / Tx TEG associated with each reported measurement. For UE-assisted positioning methods, the gNB / UE reports the Rx / Tx TEG associated with the measurement to the LMF. For UE-based positioning methods, the gNB reports the Rx / Tx TEG associated with the measurement to the UE.

[0083] In some embodiments, the timing errors of TRP Tx and / or UERx timing errors of DL TDOA can be mitigated by the following methods: if the UE has multiple TEGs, when the UE reports RSTD measurements to the LMF, the UE is supported in providing the LMF with the association information between RSTD measurements and UE Rx TEGs; if the TRP has multiple TEGs, the TRP is supported in providing the LMF with the association information between DL PRS resources and Tx TEGs; and if the TRP has multiple TEGs, for UE-based positioning, the LMF is supported in providing the UE with the association information between DL PRS resources and Tx TEGs.

[0084] In some embodiments, the UE Tx timing error and / or TRPRx timing error of UL TDOA can be mitigated by: if the TRP has multiple Rx TEGs, then when the TRP reports the RTOA measurement to the LMF, the TRP is supported in providing the LMF with the association information between the relative time of arrival (RTOA) measurement and the TRP Rx TEG; and if the UE has multiple Tx TEGs, then the UE is supported in providing the LMF with the association information between the UL SRS resources used for positioning and the Tx TEGs using UE capabilities.

[0085] In some embodiments, UE measurements from the same antenna may contain timing errors with different values. In this case, TEGs can be defined according to a category of thresholds used to distinguish various TEGs in different scenarios. For example, for NR positioning in general commercial use, the TEG index can be based on, for example, the following Figure 2 The indexes shown in the table are used for definition.

[0086] Based on the example indices in the table, if the timing error is less than 3.3 ns, index 0 can be assigned. Similarly, timing errors of 3.3 ns to 5 ns can be assigned index 1, timing errors of 5 ns to 10 ns can be assigned index 2, and timing errors greater than 10 ns can be assigned index 3. In some embodiments, because the timing error also depends on the reference signal bandwidth, carrier frequency, and positioning method, the TEG defined by these timing errors may also be affected by these factors. It should be noted that... Figure 2 The table shown is an example; in other embodiments, different timing errors and indices can be replaced with other values.

[0087] When TEG is defined as equivalent to the antenna panel index, the TEG value can be determined by the UE / gNB implementation. However, in some embodiments, new signaling can be introduced for the TEG associated with time measurements. For DL-TDOA, the signaling for the TEG can be included in the IE NR-DL-TDOA-SignalMeasurementInformation, and it can be reported together with the RSTD measurement in the IE NR-DL-TDOA-MeasElement. In 3GPP TS37.355, the IE NR-DL-TDOA-SignalMeasurementInformation is as follows: Figure 3 The definition is shown.

[0088] Therefore, a new field, nr-TEG, can be added to NR-DL-TDOA-MeasElement-r16. This field can be an index indicating the expected TEG range. In some embodiments, this field can be an integer indicating the actual timing error in nanoseconds.

[0089] Similarly, for the multi-RTT method, the new signaling for the TEG can be included in the IE NR-Multi-RTT-MeasElement and reported together with the IE nr-UE-RxTxTimeDiff. The new signaling is also used when the TEG is defined as an Rx / Tx timing error indicator for each timing measurement. The existing IE NR-DL-TDOA-Error and IENR-Multi-RTT-Error in Rel-16 can be used by the orientation server or the target device to provide the cause of the error to the target device or orientation server, respectively, but may be unrelated to the Rx / Tx timing error value. The existing IE OTDOA-MeasQuality and IE NR-TimingQuality defined in 3GPP TS 37.355 are used for timing measurement quality indication.

[0090] In some embodiments, the timing measurement UE can report the error between the estimated location (or the distance between the reference gNB and the UE) and the true UE location as a measurement quality metric. The true UE location with high accuracy can be obtained using other positioning techniques such as GNSS. The definition of TEG may vary; it is the timing error remaining after calibration, including the inherent delay between the baseband and antenna and the antenna array phase center offset. Therefore, even if a quality indicator is provided (e.g., in OTDOA-MeasQuality), TEG is still used. New signaling for TEG as a timing error indicator can be included in the IE NR-DL-TDOA-MeasElement in the DL-TDOA method and in the IE NR-Multi-RTT-MeasElement in the multi-RTT method, and should be reported along with its corresponding timing measurement.

[0091] When the UE supports Rx / TxTEG reporting, the reported TEG can be associated with each measurement. For example, when the UE reports RSTD and Rx-Tx timing difference, it can also report the associated TEG for each measurement. For UE-assisted positioning methods, the location can be calculated by the orientation server, so the gNB and UE can report the Rx / Tx TEG and measurements to the LMF. For UE-based positioning, the UE will know the TEG associated with the TRP, and the TRP will signal this information.

[0092] In some embodiments, the location can be determined using an angle-based positioning method. In this method, the RSRP can be reported to a location server, which can then determine the angle of departure (AoD) of the RSRP signal from the gNB to the UE based on the reported RSRP.

[0093] In some embodiments, it may be desirable to improve the accuracy of such angle-based measurements of signals from the gNB to the UE or from the UE to the gNB. In some embodiments, the signal from the gNB to the UE may be referred to as the angle of departure (AoD), while the signal from the UE to the gNB may be referred to as the angle of arrival (AoA).

[0094] In some embodiments, the path-dependent PRS RSRP can be defined as the power of a specific path in the channel impulse response of the received DL-PRS resource. For example, the PRS RSRP corresponding to the first arrival path is defined as the power of the first arrival path in the channel impulse response of the received DL-PRS resource. Therefore, the NR DL-AoD can be reported to the orientation server along with measurements for the first arrival path or all arrival paths. If this indicator is not reported, the orientation server can assume that measurements have been taken for all paths.

[0095] For DL-AoD positioning, the PRS-RSRP defined in 3GPP TS38.215 can be a linear average of the power contributions (in watts) of resource elements carrying a DL PRS reference signal configured for RSRP measurement. This means that the DL PRS-RSRP includes the total received signal energy from all propagation paths. To address this, the power of the LOS path can be measured and reported separately. In some embodiments, a path-dependent PRS-RSRP measurement can be defined for the power of a specific path in the channel impulse response to the received DL-PRS resource. Therefore, the UE can report the PRS-RSRP corresponding to the first path of arrival and other paths in the DL-AoD measurement report. In some embodiments, the UE can be implemented to identify the first path of arrival. In addition to the PRS-RSRP, the UE can also report the phase and arrival time of the first path of arrival and its adjacent paths. Figure 4 As shown, the new path-related PRS RSRP can be included in the IE NR-DL-AoD-SignalMeasurementInformation.

[0096] In some embodiments, in addition to introducing a new path-dependent PRS RSRP, an indicator may be introduced in the DL-AoD configuration to specify whether the reported measurements are for the first arrival path or for all paths. This indicator may be included in the IE NR-DL-AoD-MeasElement along with the PRS RSRP measurement report. If this indicator is not present, the network assumes that measurements have been taken for all paths.

[0097] In some embodiments, the UE may be configured to report the phase of the received PRS, the phase and amplitude of the received PRS, and the arrival time corresponding to the first arrival path and its adjacent paths. In addition to the first arrival path, the UE may also be configured to measure and report based on other paths (e.g., the first three arrival paths).

[0098] In the case where PRS is transmitted through multiple antenna ports at gNB, the UE can be configured to measure and report the phase difference between two received multiport PRS signals corresponding to the first arrival path.

[0099] In some embodiments, the DL-AoD can be determined based on the mapping of PRS resources to physical antennas, the UPA configuration of the TRP, and the relative distance between the antennas. For example, the transmitting device may initially transmit multiple PRS resources, each PRS resource being transmitted via each of the physical antennas. When each PRS from the antennas in the array arrives at a single antenna of the receiver, each PRS may be phase-shifted relative to the previous PRS because the PRS has traveled different distances from the transmitter. Figure 5 As illustrated in the diagram. Therefore, the departure angle can be estimated by using simple arithmetic to measure the phase difference between PRS resources.

[0100] In some embodiments, the gNB can transmit two PRS signals with the same resource configuration from two different antenna ports to implement phase difference DL-AoD measurement technology. Therefore, the UE can measure the phase difference between the two received PRS signals and then report the phase difference to the LMF.

[0101] In some embodiments, aggregating PRS signals across different positioning frequency layers may be advantageous. Some simulation results indicate that, under certain scenarios, configurations, and assumptions regarding modeled impairments (such as bandwidth and spacing of the aggregated layers, timing and frequency offsets on the frequency layers, phase discontinuities, and possible amplitude imbalances), aggregation of NR positioning frequency layers improves positioning accuracy.

[0102] Similar to Long Term Evolution (LTE), multiple NR carriers can be aggregated and transmitted in parallel to the same UE / from the same UE, allowing for wider overall bandwidth and correspondingly higher data rates per link. The carriers do not need to be contiguous in the frequency domain; they can be distributed, either within the same frequency band or in different frequency bands, resulting in three different scenarios: 1) intra-band aggregation with frequency-contiguous carrier components; 2) intra-band aggregation with non-contiguous carrier components; and 3) inter-band aggregation with non-contiguous carrier components.

[0103] While the overall architecture may be similar in all three cases, the RF complexity can differ. For example, up to 16 carriers can be aggregated (potentially with different bandwidths and duplex schemes), allowing for a total transmission bandwidth of up to 16 × 400 MHz (6.4 GHz), which far exceeds typical spectrum allocations.

[0104] In carrier aggregation (CA), two or more component carriers (CCs) are aggregated. The UE can, depending on its capability, simultaneously receive or transmit on one or more CCs. A UE without CA capability can receive and transmit on a single CC corresponding to a serving cell (e.g., a serving cell in a TAG). In some embodiments, CA can be supported for both consecutive and non-consecutive CCs. The maximum number of CCs configured for a UE is 16 for downlink and 16 for uplink. For Rel-16CA, mixed parameter sets (numerology) across CCs are supported, meaning that different sub-carrier spacings (SCS) can be applied to different CCs in carrier aggregation.

[0105] In 3GPP TS 38.306 and 38.822, UE capability signaling refers to the mechanism by which a UE notifies the gNB of its ability to perform certain features. The following are non-limiting examples of ways to report UE capabilities. For example, a UE may report its ability to perform certain features in any scenario. In this case, the UE reports its capabilities on a per-UE basis. In some embodiments, a UE may report its ability to perform certain features in a specific frequency band. In this case, the UE reports its capabilities on a per-band basis. In some embodiments, a UE may report its ability to perform certain features in a specific combination of frequency bands within a CA. In this case, the UE reports its capabilities on a per-band combination (BC) or per-BC basis. In some embodiments, a UE may report its ability to perform a specific feature in a specified frequency band within a specific combination of frequency bands within a CA. In this case, a mechanism called a feature set can be used to allow this flexibility in reporting, and the UE reports its capabilities on a per-feature set (FS) or per-FS basis. In some embodiments, a UE may report its ability to perform a specific feature in a specified CC within a specific combination of frequency bands within a CA. In this context, a mechanism known as per-CC feature set can be used to allow this flexibility in reporting, and the UE can report its capabilities on a per-CC feature set (per-featureSet per CC, per-FSPC) or per-FSPC basis.

[0106] In some embodiments, a band combination is a set of bands representing a CA configuration as described in 3GPP TS 38.101. Based on the example methods described above for reporting UE capabilities, the flexibility for a UE to declare support for certain features can be increased. For example, if features A and B are per FSPC, the UE can have the flexibility to support only one of features A and B in each CC. However, if these features are alternatively per UE, then the UE will always need to either support or not support them. The trade-off for increased flexibility is signaling overhead. Therefore, determining how to declare a feature can confirm the complexity of that feature in the UE implementation and the associated signaling overhead.

[0107] In the Rel-16 UE capability report for NR positioning, the UE reports the maximum DL PRS bandwidth (in MHz) for both the frequency range 1 (FR1) and frequency range 2 (FR2) bands. Furthermore, for different positioning methods, the UE also reports the maximum number of DL PRS resources supported across all frequency layers, TRPs, and DL PRS resource sets, according to band combinations (BC) for the FR1, FR2, and mixed FR1 and FR2 bands. The UE capabilities for NR positioning in Rel-16 include: the maximum DL PRS bandwidth supported and reported by the UE for each band, in MHz, as follows:

[0108] FR1 band: {5, 10, 20, 40, 50, 80, 100}; FR2 band: {50, 100, 200, 400}.

[0109] For positioning methods including DL-AoD, DL-TDOA, and multi-RTT, the UE reports the following for the supported BC:

[0110] For FR1 only, the maximum number of DL PRS resources supported by the UE across all frequency layers, TRPs, and DL PRS resource sets is given by {6, 24, 64, 128, 192, 256, 512, 1024, 2048}, and this is reported for BC only for FR1.

[0111] For FR2 only, the maximum number of DL PRS resources supported by the UE across all frequency layers, TRP and DL PRS resource sets is given by {24, 64, 96, 128, 192, 256, 512, 1024, 2048}, and this is reported for BC only for FR2.

[0112] For FR1 in FR1 / FR2 mixed operation, the maximum number of DL PRS resources supported by the UE across all frequency layers, TRP and DL PRS resource sets is given by {6, 24, 64, 128, 192, 256, 512, 1024, 2048}, and this is reported for BCs that include both FR1 and FR2 bands.

[0113] For FR2 in FR1 / FR2 mixed operation, the maximum number of DL PRS resources supported by the UE across all frequency layers, TRP and DL PRS resource sets is given by {24, 64, 96, 128, 192, 256, 512, 1024, 2048}, which is reported for BCs that include both FR1 and FR2 bands.

[0114] The SRS used for positioning is configured within the UE's active UL BWP by higher-level parameters. Prior to SRS configuration, the UE reports the maximum number of SRS resources / resource sets supported by the UE per BWP for positioning. The UE can report capabilities for SRS resources on a per-FS or per-band basis. In some embodiments, the UE can also report the following per-band capabilities for SRS resources:

[0115] The maximum number of SRS resource sets supported by the UE for positioning per BWP. Value = {1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16}.

[0116] Maximum number of P / SP / AP SRS resources per BWP for positioning. Values ​​= {1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64}.

[0117] Maximum number of periodic SRS resources used for positioning per BWP. Value = {1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64}.

[0118] In some embodiments, the UE can also report capabilities on a per-FS basis by adding the following items:

[0119] Maximum number of P / SP / AP SRS resources per time slot per BWP, including SRS resources used for positioning. Value = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14}.

[0120] Maximum number of periodic SRS resources used for positioning per time slot per BWP. Value = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14}.

[0121] In some embodiments, one problem with aggregating PRS for positioning across multiple carriers is that the total signal bandwidth may exceed the channel bandwidth supported by the UE. In this case, the UE implementation may become more complex if the UE intends to support the feature of aggregating PRS for positioning across multiple carriers. This problem can be addressed by introducing new UE capabilities for aggregating PRS across multiple carriers. Table 5.3.2-1 in 3GPP TS 38.101-1 and 38.101-2 specifies the maximum transmission bandwidth for each UE channel bandwidth and subcarrier spacing.

[0122] When PRS from multiple carriers are aggregated to improve positioning accuracy, the UE can report a capability indicator to the network (e.g., a location server) to clarify whether it can support cases where the aggregated PRS bandwidth is greater than the maximum transmission bandwidth defined in 3GPP TS 38.101-1 and TS 38.101-2.

[0123] On the other hand, in Rel-16, the maximum DL PRS bandwidth supported and reported by the UE for NR positioning is defined in MHz for both the FR1 and FR2 bands. Furthermore, for positioning methods DL-AoD, DL-TDOA, and multiple RTT, the maximum number of DL PRS resources supported by the UE across all frequency layers, TRPs, and DL PRS resource sets is defined according to band combination (BC) for the FR1, FR2, and mixed FR1 and FR2 bands.

[0124] In 3GPP TS 38.101-1, CA configuration and bandwidth combination are defined as follows: For intra-band contiguous carrier aggregation, a carrier aggregation configuration is a single operating band that supports carrier aggregation bandwidth classes with associated bandwidth combination sets. For each carrier aggregation configuration, channel bandwidth requirements are specified for all aggregations included in the bandwidth combination set, and the UE can indicate support for several bandwidth combination sets for each carrier aggregation configuration. For intra-band non-contiguous carrier aggregation, a carrier aggregation configuration can be a single operating band that supports two or more sub-blocks, where each sub-block supports a carrier aggregation bandwidth class. For inter-band carrier aggregation, a carrier aggregation configuration is a combination of operating bands, where each band supports a carrier aggregation bandwidth class.

[0125] Building upon existing Rel-16 UE capabilities for positioning, we introduce a new UE capability for NR positioning that features aggregated PRS from different frequency layers. Two possible examples of the quantities to be reported are the maximum PRS bandwidth and the maximum number of PRS resources.

[0126] Signaling can provide the maximum value within a given frequency band. The range of this signaling value may differ when such a frequency band includes consecutive CAs and / or non-consecutive CAs within the band. The value of the signaling may be affected by the presence of other frequency bands in certain CA combinations. In this case, a tuple including all frequency bands can be reported for each CA combination. The range of this signaling value for each frequency band may differ when other frequency bands in a CA combination include consecutive CAs and / or non-consecutive CAs within the band. In some embodiments, signaling can provide the maximum value within a set of frequency bands. This set of frequency bands may exist within each frequency range, and the range of this signaling value may vary depending on the frequency range. For example, signaling can provide the maximum value for each frequency range. The value of the signaling may be affected by the presence of other frequency ranges in a certain CA combination. In this case, a tuple including all frequency ranges can be reported for each CA combination. The range of this signaling value for each frequency range may differ when other frequency ranges in a CA combination include consecutive CAs and / or non-consecutive CAs within the band.

[0127] In some embodiments, the UE reports the per-BC capability for the maximum value. The signaling design may include various reporting granularities. For example, the value range of the signaling may differ for a BC containing the FR1 band, a BC containing the FR2 band, and a BC containing both the FR1 and FR2 bands. In addition to the influence of the frequency band, the maximum value range may also differ for intra-band CA and inter-band CA. As a result, the UE may report different maximum values ​​for intra-band CA and inter-band CA in the FR1 and FR2 bands, respectively. If the BC includes multiple combinations of CA types (e.g., intra-band CA and inter-band CA) and frequency bands (e.g., FR1 and FR2 bands), where the multiple combinations have different maximum values ​​corresponding to the combinations, the UE may report the maximum value among the different values.

[0128] In some embodiments, a fallback BC can be defined in 3GPP TS 38.306 as a BC obtained from another BC by releasing the uplink configuration of at least one SCell or SCG. Intra-band discontinuous BCs are not considered fallback band combinations of intra-band contiguous BCs. If fallback BCs are considered in the UE report for maximum values, the report may require additional signaling. One scenario is that a UE configured for inter-band CA may fall back to intra-band CA. In this case, the UE can report five maximum values: one for the maximum inter-band CA in the FR1 band; one for the maximum inter-band CA in the FR2 band; one for the maximum inter-band CA in a mixture of the FR1 and FR2 bands; one for the maximum intra-band CA in the FR1 band; and one for the maximum intra-band CA in the FR2 band. Therefore, if fallback is allowed, the UE will report multiple values ​​for the capability, including the maximum values ​​of the current BC and the fallback BC.

[0129] In some embodiments, the per-BC capability-based format causes the UE to report a 3-tuple (e.g., triple) indication vector that includes the FR1 band, the FR2 band, and the maximum value from a mixture of the FR1 and FR2 bands. The reported value of the 3-tuple indication vector may differ for intra-band contiguous CA, intra-band discontinuous CA, and inter-band CA. If the UE does not support inter-band CA across the FR1 and FR2 bands, the UE will not report the third element in the n-tuple indicator. If a fallback BC is considered in the reporting, additional elements representing the maximum value of the fallback BC can be added to the indication vector.

[0130] In some embodiments, the UE may report the maximum aggregation value of the FR1 band, FR2 band, FR1 band in the mixed FR1 and FR2 bands, and FR1 and FR2 bands in the mixed FR1 and FR2 bands on a per-BC basis. Therefore, when supporting PRS aggregation across different carrier components and positioning frequency layers, the UE may report a 5-tuple indicator vector that may include the maximum aggregation value supported by band combinations in the FR1 band when the BC contains only the FR1 band, the maximum aggregation value supported by band combinations in the FR2 band when the BC contains only the FR2 band, the maximum aggregation value supported by band combinations in the FR1 band when the BC contains both FR1 and FR2 bands, the maximum aggregation value supported by band combinations in the FR2 band when the BC contains both FR1 and FR2 bands, and the maximum aggregation value supported by band combinations in the FR1 and FR2 bands when the BC contains both FR1 and FR2 bands. Aggregation of DL PRS from different positioning frequency layers does not support the use of different SCS in different CCs.

[0131] In some embodiments, when PRS aggregation is used across different carriers, the aggregated PRS can be segmented and does not necessarily cover adjacent PRBs. This may occur, for example, in intra-band or inter-band deployment scenarios, where non-adjacent carriers may be allocated to the UE. For instance, this may happen when part of the PRS is transmitted in FR1 while other parts are transmitted in FR2.

[0132] Figure 6An example of a DL PRS segmented into four distinct parts is shown, where each part i occupies bandwidth Bi. In some embodiments, the upper limit can be determined as B1+B2+B3+B4. In some embodiments, additional restrictions can be imposed on each individual DL PRS part. For example, according to one example, the transmission of a single DL PRS part can be limited to 80MHz in FR1 and 200MHz in FR2. It should be noted that these restrictions are merely examples, and other restrictions are also conceivable. In some embodiments, UE capability can be defined as the maximum size (in MHz or RBs) that a single DL PRS part can occupy. Here, UE capability can be referred to as FractionatedDLPRS.

[0133] In some embodiments, UE capabilities may include support for dividing DL PRS into non-adjacent portions. However, such support may alternatively be included in the UE capabilities associated with the 5-tuple indicator vector explained above. In some embodiments, support may be implicitly indicated by sending FractionedDLPRS, while lack of support may be implicitly indicated by not sending FractionedDLPRS.

[0134] In some embodiments, PRS aggregation across different carrier components and positioning frequency layers can be supported. In this case, the UE can segment the PRS into several non-frequency adjacent parts and transmit them. If the UE can support this feature, the UE can be configured to report the maximum bandwidth of the DL PRS portions for FR1 and FR2.

[0135] In the presence of aggregated PRS from multiple frequency layers, if the UE reports a Rel-16 UE capability for positioning, the aggregated PRS bandwidth should not exceed the maximum DL PRS bandwidth reported within that capability. If the UE does not have the capability to report a maximum DL PRS bandwidth, the maximum transmission bandwidth of the aggregated DL PRS across multiple positioning frequency layers should not exceed the maximum UE-supported bandwidth defined in 3GPP TS 38.101-1 for the FR1 band and the maximum UE-supported bandwidth defined in 3GPP TS 38.101-2 for the FR2 band.

[0136] In some embodiments, similar to PRS aggregation, SRS can be simultaneously transmitted by the UE and received by the gNB across multiple carrier components and multiple time slots. Therefore, for SRS aggregation, the UE can report the maximum SRS resources (e.g., resource set) supported by all carrier components across consecutive intra-band CAs, non-consecutive intra-band CAs, and inter-band CAs in the FR1 and FR2 bands. This reporting of SRS aggregation can be based on per-band UE capabilities in the frequency domain only, or on per-FS UE capabilities in both the time and frequency domains.

[0137] Therefore, when SRS aggregation across different carrier components is supported, the per-band UE capability report can report the maximum number of SRS resource sets supported by all carrier components for positioning across consecutive CAs within a frequency band, non-consecutive CAs within a frequency band, and inter-band CAs. The reported values ​​may differ for CAs in the FR1 and FR2 bands. In this case, SRS aggregation does not support inter-band CAs across FR1 and FR2.

[0138] In some embodiments, the maximum number of periodic / semi-persistent / aperiodic SRS resources used for positioning for all carrier components of continuous CA across frequency bands, non-continuous CA within frequency bands, and inter-band CA can also be reported. The reported values ​​may differ for CA in FR1 and FR2 frequency bands.

[0139] According to another embodiment, when SRS aggregation across different carrier components is supported, the per-band UE capability report can report a 6-tuple vector that includes the maximum number of SRS resource sets across all carrier components for continuous CA within the FR1 band, continuous CA within the FR2 band, discontinuous CA within the FR1 band, discontinuous CA within the FR2 band, inter-band CA within the FR1 band, and inter-band CA within the FR2 band. In this case, if the UE only supports one frequency range (e.g., FR1), then the UE will only report two values.

[0140] In some embodiments, there are three sets of 6-tuple vectors for periodic SRS, semi-persistent SRS, and aperiodic SRS, respectively. Each vector may include the maximum number of SRS resources across all carrier components for continuous CA within the FR1 band, continuous CA within the FR2 band, discontinuous CA within the FR1 band, discontinuous CA within the FR2 band, inter-band CA within the FR1 band, and inter-band CA within the FR2 band. In some embodiments, the UE may report a single 6-tuple vector that can be applied to periodic / semi-periodic / aperiodic SRS.

[0141] According to another embodiment, when SRS aggregation across different carrier components is supported, the per-FS-based UE capability report can report the maximum number of periodic / semi-persistent / aperiodic SRS resources across all carrier components for each time slot of intra-band continuous CA, intra-band non-continuous CA, and inter-band CA. In some embodiments, the reported values ​​may differ for CA in FR1 and FR2 bands.

[0142] Unless otherwise stated, the same reference numerals, characters, or combinations thereof denote the same elements in all drawings and written descriptions; therefore, descriptions of the same reference numerals will not be repeated. Furthermore, portions unrelated or irrelevant to the description of the embodiments may not be shown for clarity.

[0143] Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating a time-based positioning method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Positioning can be NR positioning, such as positioning that can be implemented in a 5G network system. In such a system, positioning can be performed by a UE as a UE-based positioning device, wherein the positioning operation is performed by the UE, and as a UE-assisted positioning device, wherein the positioning operation is performed outside the UE (e.g., at a location server).

[0144] According to the first step, the method may include generating an Rx TEG based on the time delay of the Rx signal, wherein the time delay is the time measured from the arrival of the Rx signal at the Rx antenna to the time the Rx signal is digitized and timestamped at the UE's baseband processor (702). For example, the Rx signal may be an RF signal received by the UE's Rx antenna. The RF signal may be transmitted from the Rx antenna to the UE's baseband processor, where it is digitized and timestamped for processing. Therefore, the time delay is the amount of time required for the RF signal to travel from the Rx antenna to the baseband processor.

[0145] Next, the TEG index (704) corresponding to the generated Rx TEG is determined. The TEG index can be based on, for example... Figure 2 The table shown determines the TEG index, which is selected as 0, 1, 2, or 3 based on the Rx TEG. Next, the positioning measurement associated with the Rx antenna used to generate the Rx TEG is determined (706), and the positioning measurement associated with the Rx TEG index is reported (708). In some embodiments, the positioning measurement may include an RSTD measurement, which is based on the PRS associated with the Rx TEG.

[0146] In some embodiments, the UE may receive a request to report Rx TEG from the LMF. When the UE operates as a UE-assisted positioning device, for example, because the UE cannot operate as a UE-based positioning device (which may be a more complex device), then positioning measurements are reported to the LMF at the orientation server. In other embodiments, when the UE operates as a UE-based positioning device, because the UE has this capability, then positioning measurements associated with Rx TEG are reported to the UE.

[0147] Figure 8 This is a flowchart illustrating another method for timing-based positioning according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. According to a first step, the method may include generating a Tx TEG based on a time delay of a Tx signal, wherein the time delay is the time measured from the time the Tx signal is generated at the baseband processor to the time the Tx signal is transmitted by the UE's Tx antenna (802). In some embodiments, the Tx signal may be a digital signal generated at the baseband processor, and the time delay is the amount of time required for the digital signal to travel from the baseband processor to the Tx antenna.

[0148] Next, the TEG index (804) corresponding to the generated Tx TEG is determined. The TEG index can be based on, for example... Figure 2 The table shown determines the TEG index, which is selected as 0, 1, 2, or 3 based on Tx TEG. Next, the association information between the SRS resource used for positioning and the Tx TEG index is reported (806), and the SRS resource used for gNB measurement is sent (808).

[0149] In some embodiments, the reporting of the Tx TEG index is based on receiving a request from the corresponding gNB, and the association information of the SRS resource is reported to the LMF at the orientation server.

[0150] Figure 9 This is a flowchart illustrating yet another method of timing-based positioning according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. According to a first step, the method may include generating an RxTx TEG based on the time delay of received and transmitted signals, wherein the time delay is the time measured from the time the DL PRS arrives at the Rx antenna to the time the UL PRS is transmitted from the Tx antenna of the UE (902). Next, a timing error group (TEG) index corresponding to the generated RxTx TEG is determined (904). In some embodiments, the TEG index may be based on, for example... Figure 2 The table shown determines the TEG index, which is selected as 0, 1, 2, or 3 based on RxTxTEG.

[0151] Next, positioning measurements from the Rx and Tx antennas can be determined (906), and the positioning measurements associated with the RxTxTEG index can be reported (908). In some embodiments, the RxTx TEG index can be reported in response to a request to report the RxTxTEG index received from the LMF. The LMF may be located at an orientation server, and therefore, the RxTx TEG index can be reported to the LMF at the orientation server.

[0152] Figure 10 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for performing angle-based positioning according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. According to a first step, the method may include determining the RSRP of the i-th path delay at the UE during a timing window in the time domain (1002). Next, the RSRP of the i-th path delay arrival may be measured (1004), and the measured RSRP of the i-th path delay may be reported to a location server. The measured RSRP of the i-th path delay may be the power of the received DL PRS configured for measurement at the i-th path delay of the channel response (1006).

[0153] Figure 11 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for performing angle-based positioning according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. According to a first step, the method may include determining the per-band combination (per-BC) maximum value of PRS for each frequency band and each CA type (1102), and then reporting the largest of the per-BC maximum values ​​to a positioning server (1104).

[0154] Figure 12 A block diagram of an electronic device 1201 in a network environment 1200 according to an embodiment is shown. (Refer to...) Figure 12In network environment 1200, electronic device 1201 can communicate with another electronic device 1202 via a first network 1298 (e.g., a short-range wireless communication network), or with another electronic device 1204 or server 1208 via a second network 1299 (e.g., a long-range wireless communication network). Electronic device 1201 can also communicate with electronic device 1204 via server 1208. Electronic device 1201 may include processor 1220, memory 1230, input device 1250, sound output device 1255, display device 1260, audio module 1270, sensor module 1276, interface 1277, haptic module 1279, camera module 1280, power management module 1288, battery 1289, communication module 1290, subscriber identification module (SIM) 1296, or antenna module 1297. In one embodiment, at least one of the components (e.g., display device 1260 or camera module 1280) may be omitted from electronic device 1201, or one or more other components may be added to electronic device 1201. In one embodiment, some of the components may be implemented as a single integrated circuit (IC). For example, sensor module 1276 (e.g., fingerprint sensor, iris sensor, or illuminance sensor) may be embedded in display device 1260 (e.g., display).

[0155] Processor 1220 can execute, for example, software (e.g., program 1240) to control at least one other component (e.g., hardware or software component) coupled to processor 1220 in electronic device 1201, and can perform various data processing or calculations. As at least part of the data processing or calculation, processor 1220 can load commands or data received from another component (e.g., sensor module 1276 or communication module 1290) into volatile memory 1232, process the commands or data stored in volatile memory 1232, and store the resulting data in non-volatile memory 1234. Processor 1220 may include a main processor 1221 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU) or application processor (AP)) and an auxiliary processor 1223 (e.g., a graphics processing unit (GPU), image signal processor (ISP), sensor hub processor, or communication processor (CP)). The auxiliary processor 1223 may operate independently of or in conjunction with the main processor 1221. Additionally or alternatively, the auxiliary processor 1223 may be adapted to consume less power than the main processor 1221 or to perform specific functions. The auxiliary processor 1223 may be implemented independently of the main processor 1221 or as part of the main processor 1221.

[0156] When the main processor 1221 is inactive (e.g., in sleep mode), the auxiliary processor 1223 may take over from the main processor 1221 to control at least some of the functions or states associated with at least one component of the electronic device 1201 (e.g., display device 1260, sensor module 1276, or communication module 1290), or, when the main processor 1221 is active (e.g., while executing an application), control, together with the main processor 1221, at least some of the functions or states associated with at least one component of the electronic device 1201 (e.g., display device 1260, sensor module 1276, or communication module 1290). According to one embodiment, the auxiliary processor 1223 (e.g., an image signal processor or a communication processor) may be implemented as part of another component (e.g., camera module 1280 or communication module 1290) functionally associated with the auxiliary processor 1223.

[0157] Memory 1230 may store various data used by at least one component of electronic device 1201 (e.g., processor 1220 or sensor module 1276). The various data may include, for example, software (e.g., program 1240) and input or output data for commands associated therewith. Memory 1230 may include volatile memory 1232 or non-volatile memory 1234.

[0158] Program 1240 can be stored as software in memory 1230 and may include, for example, an operating system (OS) 1242, middleware 1244, or application 1246.

[0159] Input device 1250 can receive commands or data from outside electronic device 1201 (e.g., a user) to be used by other components of electronic device 1201 (e.g., processor 1220). Input device 1250 may include, for example, a microphone, mouse, or keyboard.

[0160] The sound output device 1255 can output sound signals to the outside of the electronic device 1201. The sound output device 1255 may include, for example, a speaker or a receiver. The speaker can be used for general purposes, such as playing multimedia or recording, while the receiver can be used to receive incoming calls. According to one embodiment, the receiver can be implemented separately from the speaker or as part of the speaker.

[0161] Display device 1260 can visually provide information to the outside of electronic device 1201 (e.g., to a user). Display device 1260 may include, for example, a display, a holographic device, or a projector, and control circuitry that controls a corresponding one of the display, holographic device, and projector. According to one embodiment, display device 1260 may include touch circuitry adapted to detect touch, or sensor circuitry (e.g., a pressure sensor) adapted to measure the intensity of the force caused by touch.

[0162] The audio module 1270 can convert sound into electrical signals and vice versa. According to one embodiment, the audio module 1270 can acquire sound via the input device 1250, or output sound via the sound output device 1255 or via headphones of an external electronic device 1202 directly (e.g., wired) or wirelessly coupled to the electronic device 1201.

[0163] Sensor module 1276 can detect the operating state of electronic device 1201 (e.g., power or temperature) or the environmental state outside electronic device 1201 (e.g., user state), and then generate an electrical signal or data value corresponding to the detected state. Sensor module 1276 may include, for example, a gesture sensor, a gyroscope sensor, an atmospheric pressure sensor, a magnetic sensor, an accelerometer, a grip sensor, a proximity sensor, a color sensor, an infrared (IR) sensor, a biometric sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, or an illuminance sensor.

[0164] Interface 1277 may support one or more specified protocols for coupling electronic device 1201 directly (e.g., wired) or wirelessly to external electronic device 1202. According to one embodiment, interface 1277 may include, for example, a high-definition multimedia interface (HDMI), a universal serial bus (USB) interface, a secure digital (SD) card interface, or an audio interface.

[0165] Connection terminal 1278 may include a connector via which electronic device 1201 can be physically connected to external electronic device 1202. According to one embodiment, connection terminal 1278 may include, for example, an HDMI connector, a USB connector, an SD card connector, or an audio connector (e.g., a headphone connector).

[0166] The haptic module 1279 can convert electrical signals into mechanical stimuli (e.g., vibration or movement) or electrical stimuli that can be recognized by a user through touch or kinesthesia. According to one embodiment, the haptic module 1279 may include, for example, a motor, a piezoelectric element, or an electrical stimulator.

[0167] Camera module 1280 can capture still or moving images. According to one embodiment, camera module 1280 may include one or more lenses, an image sensor, an image signal processor, or a flash.

[0168] The power management module 1288 can manage the power supplied to the electronic device 1201. The power management module 1288 can be implemented as at least a part of, for example, a power management integrated circuit (PMIC).

[0169] Battery 1289 can supply power to at least one component of electronic device 1201. According to one embodiment, battery 1289 may include, for example, a non-rechargeable primary battery, a rechargeable secondary battery, or a fuel cell.

[0170] Communication module 1290 can support the establishment of a direct (e.g., wired) or wireless communication channel between electronic device 1201 and external electronic devices (e.g., electronic device 1202, electronic device 1204, or server 1208), and perform communication via the established communication channel. Communication module 1290 may include one or more communication processors that can operate independently of processor 1220 (e.g., AP) and support direct (e.g., wired) or wireless communication. According to one embodiment, communication module 1290 may include wireless communication module 1292 (e.g., cellular communication module, short-range wireless communication module, or global navigation satellite system (GNSS) communication module) or wired communication module 1294 (e.g., local area network (LAN) communication module or power line communication (PLC) module). A corresponding one of these communication modules can communicate via a first network 1298 (e.g., a short-range communication network, such as BLUETOOTH). TM The communication module 1292 can communicate with external electronic devices via a standard of Wi-Fi Direct or Infrared Data Association (IrDA) or a second network 1299 (e.g., a remote communication network, such as a cellular network, the Internet, or a computer network (e.g., a LAN or a wide area network, WAN)). These various types of communication modules can be implemented as a single component (e.g., a single IC) or as multiple components that are separate from each other (e.g., multiple ICs). The wireless communication module 1292 can use subscriber information (e.g., international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI)) stored in the subscriber identification module 1296 to identify and authenticate electronic devices 1201 in the communication network (e.g., a first network 1298 or a second network 1299).

[0171] Antenna module 1297 can transmit or receive signals or power to or from the outside of electronic device 1201 (e.g., external electronic device). According to one embodiment, antenna module 1297 may include one or more antennas, and thus, at least one antenna suitable for a communication scheme used in a communication network (such as a first network 1298 or a second network 1299) can be selected by, for example, communication module 1290 (e.g., wireless communication module 1292). Signals or power can then be transmitted or received between communication module 1290 and external electronic device via the selected at least one antenna.

[0172] At least some of the aforementioned components may be coupled to each other and transmit signals (e.g., commands or data) between them via an inter-peripheral communication scheme (e.g., bus, general purpose input and output (GPIO), serial peripheral interface (SPI), or mobile industry processor interface (MIPI)).

[0173] According to one embodiment, commands or data can be sent or received between electronic device 1201 and external electronic device 1204 via server 1208 coupled to a second network 1299. Each of electronic devices 1202 and 1204 can be a device of the same or different type as electronic device 1201. All or some of the operations to be performed on electronic device 1201 can be performed on one or more of external electronic devices 1202, 1204, or server 1208. For example, if electronic device 1201 is required to perform a function or service automatically or in response to a request from a user or another device, electronic device 1201 can request one or more external electronic devices to perform at least a portion of the function or service, in addition to performing the function or service. The one or more external electronic devices receiving the request can perform at least a portion of the requested function or service, or additional functions or services related to the request, and transmit the result of the execution to electronic device 1201. Electronic device 1201 can provide the result, with or without further processing, as at least part of a response to the request. For this purpose, cloud computing, distributed computing, or client-server computing technologies can be used, for example.

[0174] One embodiment may be implemented as software (e.g., program 1240) comprising one or more instructions stored in a machine-readable storage medium (e.g., internal memory 1236 or external memory 1238). For example, a processor of electronic device 1201 may invoke at least one of the one or more instructions stored in the storage medium and, under the control of the processor, execute those instructions with or without one or more other components. Thus, the machine may be operable to perform at least one function according to the invoked at least one instruction. The one or more instructions may include code generated by a compiler or code executable by an interpreter. The machine-readable storage medium may be provided in the form of a non-transitory storage medium. The term "non-transitory" indicates that the storage medium may be a tangible device and does not include signals (e.g., electromagnetic waves), but the term does not distinguish between cases where data can be stored semi-permanently in the storage medium and cases where data can be temporarily stored in the storage medium.

[0175] According to one embodiment, the methods disclosed herein can be included in and provided as a computer program product. The computer program product can be traded as a product between a seller and a buyer. The computer program product can be distributed in the form of a machine-readable storage medium (e.g., a compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM)) or via an app store (e.g., a Playstore). TM The computer program product may be distributed online (e.g., downloaded or uploaded) or directly between two UEs (e.g., smartphones). If distributed online, at least a portion of the computer program product may be temporarily generated or at least temporarily stored in a machine-readable storage medium (such as the memory of a manufacturer's server, an app store's server, or a relay server).

[0176] According to one embodiment, each of the above-described components (e.g., a module or program) may include a single entity or multiple entities. One or more of the above-described components may be omitted, or one or more other components may be added. Alternatively or additionally, multiple components (e.g., modules or programs) may be integrated into a single component. In this case, the integrated component can still perform one or more functions of each of the multiple components in the same or similar manner as they were performed by the corresponding one of the multiple components prior to integration. Operations performed by a module, program, or another component may be performed sequentially, in parallel, repeatedly, or heuristically, or one or more operations may be performed in a different order or omitted, or one or more other operations may be added.

[0177] Although certain embodiments of this disclosure have been described in the detailed description thereof, modifications may be made in various forms without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Therefore, the scope of this disclosure should not be determined solely based on the described embodiments, but rather on the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0178] In the accompanying drawings, the relative dimensions of elements, layers, and regions may be enlarged for clarity. Furthermore, the use of section lines and / or shading in the drawings is generally to clarify the boundaries between adjacent elements. Therefore, the presence or absence of section lines or shading does not convey or indicate any preference or requirement for the specific material, material properties, dimensions, scale, commonalities between the elements shown, and / or any other characteristics, properties, attributes, etc., of the elements, unless specified.

[0179] This document describes various embodiments with reference to cross-sectional diagrams, which are schematic diagrams of embodiments and / or intermediate structures. Therefore, variations in the illustrated shapes are expected due to factors such as manufacturing techniques and / or tolerances. Furthermore, the specific structural or functional descriptions disclosed herein are merely illustrative in order to describe embodiments according to the concepts of this disclosure. Therefore, the embodiments disclosed herein should not be construed as limited to the shapes of the specific regions shown, but rather include, for example, shape deviations due to manufacturing processes.

[0180] Therefore, the areas shown in the accompanying drawings are schematic in nature, and their shapes are not intended to represent the actual shape of the device areas, nor are they intended to be limiting. Furthermore, as those skilled in the art will recognize, the described embodiments can be modified in various different ways, all without departing from the spirit or scope of this disclosure.

[0181] In the detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth for illustrative purposes to provide a thorough understanding of the various embodiments. However, it will be apparent that various embodiments can be practiced without these specific details or with one or more equivalent arrangements. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the various embodiments.

[0182] For ease of explanation, this document uses spatial relative terms such as “below,” “under,” “lower,” “below,” “above,” “above,” etc., to describe the relationship of an element or feature to other elements or features shown in the figures. It should be understood that, in addition to the orientations depicted in the figures, spatial relative terms are intended to also encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation. For example, if the device in the figure is flipped, an element described as “below” or “under” other elements or features would be oriented “above” other elements or features. Thus, the example terms “below” and “under” can include orientations above and above. The device may be oriented in other ways (e.g., rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptors used herein should be interpreted accordingly. Similarly, when a first part is described as being arranged on a second part, this indicates that the first part is arranged above or below the second part, without limiting the first part to an upper position based on the direction of gravity.

[0183] It should be understood that when an element, layer, region, or component is referred to as being "formed in," "in," "connected to," or "coupled to" another element, layer, region, or component, that element, layer, region, or component may be directly formed in, in, connected to, or coupled to the other element, layer, region, or component, or indirectly formed in, in, connected to, or coupled to the other element, layer, region, or component, such that one or more intermediate elements, layers, regions, or components may exist. Furthermore, this can be collectively referred to as direct or indirect coupling or connection, and integral or non-integral coupling or connection. For example, when a layer, region, or component is referred to as being "electrically connected" or "electrically coupled" to another layer, region, or component, that layer, region, or component may be directly electrically connected or coupled to the other layer, region, and / or component, or there may be intermediate layers, regions, or components. However, "direct connection / direct coupling" means that one component is directly connected to or coupled to another component without any intermediate components. Similarly, other expressions describing the relationship between components, such as "between," "immediately between," or "adjacent," and "directly adjacent," can be interpreted similarly. Furthermore, it should be understood that when an element or layer is referred to as "between two elements or layers," the element or layer may be the only element or layer between the two elements or layers, or there may be one or more intermediate elements or layers.

[0184] For the purposes of this disclosure, expressions such as “at least one of…” modify the entire list of elements, rather than individual elements within the list, when following a list of elements. For example, “at least one of X, Y, and Z,” “at least one of X, Y, or Z,” and “at least one selected from the group consisting of X, Y, and Z” can be interpreted as any combination of two or more of X, Y, Z, such as, for example, XYZ, XYY, YZ, and ZZ, or any variation thereof. Similarly, expressions such as “at least one of A and B” can include A, B, or A and B. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items. For example, expressions such as “A and / or B” can include A, B, or A and B.

[0185] It should be understood that although the terms “first,” “second,” “third,” etc., may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers, and / or parts, these elements, components, regions, layers, and / or parts should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer, or part from another element, component, region, layer, or part. Therefore, without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure, the first element, component, region, layer, or part described below may be referred to as a second element, component, region, layer, or part. Describing an element as a “first” element may not require or imply the presence of a second element or other elements. The terms “first,” “second,” etc., may also be used to distinguish elements of different categories or groups. For the sake of brevity, the terms “first,” “second,” etc., may respectively represent “first category (or first set),” “second category (or second set),” etc.

[0186] In this example, the x-axis, y-axis, and / or z-axis are not limited to the three axes of a Cartesian coordinate system and can be interpreted in a broader sense. For example, the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis can be perpendicular to each other or can represent different directions that are not perpendicular to each other. The same applies to the first direction, the second direction, and / or the third direction.

[0187] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit this disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms “a” and “an” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that, when used in this specification, the terms “comprising,” “having,” and “including” specify the presence of the stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0188] As used herein, the terms “substantially,” “approximately,” “approximately,” and similar terms are used as approximate terms rather than terms of degree and are intended to explain the inherent biases of measured or calculated values ​​that would be recognized by one of ordinary skill in the art. As used herein, “approximately” includes stated values ​​and means within an acceptable range of deviation for a particular value as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, taking into account the measurements in question and the errors associated with the measurement of a particular quantity (i.e., limitations of the measurement system). For example, “approximately” may mean within one or more standard deviations, or within ±30%, 20%, 10%, or 5% of the stated value. Furthermore, in describing embodiments of this disclosure, the use of “may” means “one or more embodiments of this disclosure.”

[0189] When one or more embodiments can be implemented differently, a particular order of processing may be performed differently than the order described. For example, two consecutively described processes may be performed substantially simultaneously or in the reverse order of their description.

[0190] Furthermore, any numerical range disclosed and / or enumerated herein is intended to include all subranges with the same numerical precision contained within the enumerated range. For example, the range “1.0 to 10.0” is intended to include all subranges between (and inclusive of) the enumerated minimum value of 1.0 and the enumerated maximum value of 10.0, i.e., a minimum value equal to or greater than 1.0 and a maximum value equal to or less than 10.0, such as, for example, 2.4 to 7.6. Any maximum numerical limit enumerated herein is intended to include all lower numerical limits contained therein, and any minimum numerical limit enumerated herein is intended to include all higher numerical limits contained therein. Therefore, the applicant reserves the right to amend this specification (including the claims) to expressly enumerate any subranges contained within the range expressly enumerated herein. All such ranges are intended to be inherently described in this specification such that amendments to expressly enumerate any such subranges will comply with the requirements of patent law.

[0191] Electronic or electrical devices and / or any other related devices or components for processing data or digital signals, according to embodiments of the present disclosure described herein, can be implemented using any suitable hardware, firmware (e.g., application-specific integrated circuits), software, or a combination of software, firmware, and hardware. For example, various components of such devices may be formed on a single integrated circuit (IC) chip or on separate IC chips. Furthermore, various components of such devices may be implemented on flexible printed circuit films, tape carrier packages (TCPs), printed circuit boards (PCBs), or formed on a substrate. Circuit hardware may include, for example, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), general-purpose or special-purpose central processing units (CPUs) configured to execute instructions stored in a non-transitory storage medium, digital signal processors (DSPs), graphics processing units (GPUs), and programmable logic devices such as field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs).

[0192] Furthermore, the various components of these devices can be processes or threads that run on one or more processors in one or more computing devices, executing computer program instructions and interacting with other system components to perform the various functions described herein. The computer program instructions are stored in memory that can be implemented in a computing device using standard memory devices, such as, for example, random access memory (RAM). The computer program instructions can also be stored in other non-transitory computer-readable media, such as, for example, CD-ROMs, flash drives, etc. Moreover, those skilled in the art will recognize that the functions of various computing devices can be combined or integrated into a single computing device, or the functions of a particular computing device can be distributed across one or more other computing devices without departing from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0193] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) shall have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. It should also be understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, shall be interpreted as having the same meaning as they have in the relevant field and / or the context of this specification, and shall not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly defined herein.

[0194] The embodiments described herein are merely examples. Those skilled in the art will recognize various alternative embodiments from those specifically disclosed embodiments. These alternative embodiments are also intended to fall within the scope of this disclosure. Therefore, the embodiments are limited only by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for positioning, comprising: A reception timing error group (Rx TEG) is generated based on the time delay of receiving the Rx signal, wherein the time delay is the time measured from the time the Rx signal arrives at the Rx antenna to the time the Rx signal is digitized and timestamped at the baseband processor of the user equipment (UE), wherein the Rx TEG is based at least on one or more TEG capabilities reported by the UE, the one or more TEG capabilities including one or more of Rx TEG capabilities, Tx TEG capabilities, and combined Rx / Tx TEG capabilities; Determine the timing error group TEG index corresponding to the generated Rx TEG; Determine the positioning measurements associated with the Rx antenna used to generate the Rx TEG; Report the positioning measurements associated with the Rx TEG index; and Receive a request from the orientation measurement function (LMF) to report the Rx TEG index. The UE is configured to operate as a UE-assisted positioning device, and The location measurements described in the report include reporting to the LMF at the orientation server.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The positioning measurement includes Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD) measurement.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein, The RSTD measurement is based on the positioning reference signal PRS resource associated with the Rx TEG.

4. The method according to claim 2, wherein, The RSTD measurement includes multiple RSTD measurements based on PRS resources of the transmit and receive point TRPs with another Rx TEG corresponding to different UEs.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising pre-calibrating the time delay and compensating for the time delay based on the pre-calibration.

6. A method for positioning, comprising: A reception timing error group (Rx TEG) is generated based on the time delay of receiving the Rx signal, wherein the time delay is the time measured from the time the Rx signal arrives at the Rx antenna to the time the Rx signal is digitized and timestamped at the baseband processor of the user equipment (UE), wherein the Rx TEG is based at least on one or more TEG capabilities reported by the UE, the one or more TEG capabilities including one or more of Rx TEG capabilities, Tx TEG capabilities, and combined Rx / Tx TEG capabilities; Determine the timing error group TEG index corresponding to the generated Rx TEG; Determine the positioning measurements associated with the Rx antenna used to generate the Rx TEG; Report the positioning measurements associated with the Rx TEG index; and Receive a request from the orientation measurement function (LMF) to report the Rx TEG index. The UE is configured to operate as a UE-based positioning device, and The reporting of location measurements associated with the Rx TEG index includes reporting to the UE.

7. A method for positioning, comprising: A transmission timing error group (Tx TEG) is generated based on the time delay of transmitting a Tx signal, wherein the time delay is the time measured from the time the Tx signal is generated at the baseband processor to the time the user equipment (UE) transmits the Tx signal via its Tx antenna, wherein the Tx TEG is based at least on one or more TEG capabilities reported by the UE, the one or more TEG capabilities including one or more of Rx TEG capabilities, Tx TEG capabilities, and combined Rx / Tx TEG capabilities; Determine the timing error group TEG index corresponding to the generated Tx TEG; The report includes the association information between the SRS resources used for localization and the Tx TEG index; Send the SRS resources for 5G node B gNB measurements; and Receive a request from the corresponding gNB to report the Tx TEG index. The UE is configured to operate as a UE-assisted positioning device, and The report includes information related to the SRS resources, such as the LMF (Location Measurement Function) report to the azimuth server.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein, The positioning includes relative time of arrival (RTOA) measurements.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein, The RTOA measurement is based on the transmit and receive points (TRPs) associated with the Tx TEG index.

10. The method of claim 8, further comprising pre-calibrating the time delay and compensating for the time delay based on the pre-calibration.

11. A method for positioning, comprising: A receive and transmit timing error group (RxTxTEG) is generated based on the time delay of the received and transmitted signals, wherein the time delay of the received and transmitted signals is the time measured from the time when the downlink DL positioning reference signal PRS arrives at the receive Rx antenna to the time when the uplink UL PRS is transmitted from the transmit Tx antenna of the user equipment (UE), wherein the RxTxTEG is based at least on one or more TEG capabilities reported by the UE, the one or more TEG capabilities including one or more of Rx TEG capabilities, Tx TEG capabilities, and combined Rx / Tx TEG capabilities; Determine the timing error group TEG index corresponding to the generated RxTx TEG; Determine the positioning measurements from the Rx antenna and the Tx antenna; Report the positioning measurements associated with the RxTx TEG index; and Receive a request from the orientation measurement function (LMF) to report the RxTx TEG index. The UE is configured to operate as a UE-assisted positioning device, and The location measurements described in the report include reporting to the LMF at the orientation server.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein, The positioning measurement includes the UE Rx-Tx time difference.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein, The UE Rx-Tx time difference measurement is based on the PRS and SRS resource pairs associated with the RxTx TEG.

14. The method of claim 11, further comprising pre-calibrating the time delay and compensating for the time delay based on the pre-calibration.

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