An electromagnetic structure

Abstract

This invention discloses an electromagnetic structure belonging to the field of communication antennas, comprising: a Vivaldi antenna and a decoupling structure. The decoupling structure is disposed between the left and right arms of the Vivaldi antenna, with one end extending towards the radiating end of the Vivaldi antenna and the other end extending towards the feed point of the Vivaldi antenna. The decoupling structure suppresses the conversion of surface waves coupled to the Vivaldi antenna into transverse electromagnetic waves by disrupting the surface waves coupled to the Vivaldi antenna. The decoupling structure exists only inside the antenna and does not occupy additional space outside the antenna. This electromagnetic structure is independent, as it only affects the coupled Vivaldi antenna and does not interact with other antennas in the array. Therefore, large-scale MIMO array decoupling can be performed, achieving higher isolation at close range.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of communication antennas, and in particular to an electromagnetic structure. Background Technology

[0002] Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology, characterized by high spectral efficiency, can significantly improve channel capacity and is a major technical solution for Wi-Fi, 5G, and 6G. MIMO technology uses multiple antennas at both the transmitting and receiving ends, forming an antenna system with multiple channels between transmission and reception. Considering cost, aesthetics, and structural characteristics, the distance between antennas is often shortened to achieve system miniaturization, which deteriorates the isolation between adjacent antennas. This deterioration in isolation directly reduces the communication efficiency and overall throughput of MIMO communication. Therefore, improving antenna isolation is crucial for MIMO technology.

[0003] Vivaldi (conical slotted antenna) possesses wide-bandwidth directional characteristics and has broad application prospects. However, as a MIMO element, it suffers from severe coupling. Existing technologies cannot solve the broadband decoupling problem of Vivaldi antennas, severely limiting their application in MIMO and massive MIMO in 5G and 6G.

[0004] like Figure 1 (a) shows the neutralization line scheme, which connects a neutralization line between two antennas. A decoupling signal with the opposite phase to the coupling signal is generated on the line. Decoupling is achieved by canceling out the coupling signal and the decoupling signal. Its disadvantage is that it can only realize the structure of two antenna elements; the bandwidth is too narrow and it is not suitable for broadband applications.

[0005] like Figure 1 (b) shows the Array Decoupling Surface (ADS) scheme. The signal from antenna 1 is incident on decoupling element 1, exciting a decoupling signal. This decoupling signal and the coupling signal cancel each other out, achieving decoupling. Its disadvantage is that it is not suitable for massive MIMO, and the ADS decoupling complexity is n. 2 Where n is the number of elements in the MIMO array, decoupling becomes particularly complex when there are more than two elements. Existing technologies can only solve the decoupling of two elements. Similar to the midline and the scheme, the ADS scheme is also a narrowband scheme.

[0006] like Figure 1 (C) shows the electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure scheme. Unlike the previous two schemes, the EBG is a high-impedance surface relative to the coupled signal. Decoupling is achieved through high impedance suppression. Its disadvantage is that the EBG is a periodic structure, which requires a lot of space, so its practical application is poor. In addition, the EBG requires the height of a quarter wavelength line, so it is also a narrowband scheme.

[0007] like Figure 2The diagram shown is a schematic of large-scale MIMO. Figure 3 The diagram shows the relative positions of decoupling units in existing technologies. While the neutral line and ADS schemes are advantageous in solving dual-antenna single-polarization coupling problems, they currently lack the time capability to solve large-scale MIMO coupling problems. The EBG scheme, with its large space-consuming decoupling structure, cannot achieve a compact layout and has low practicality.

[0008] Existing solutions have high requirements for decoupling phase and size, therefore they are all narrowband and cannot meet the decoupling requirements of broadband Vivaldi antenna MIMO. Meanwhile, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in the prior art, the decoupling units are arranged around the antenna units, which means that the spacing of the antenna MIMO array cannot be too close, and it also increases the cost. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, such as narrowband antennas being unable to meet the decoupling requirements of broadband Vivaldi antenna MIMO, and the fact that decoupling units are arranged around the antenna unit, resulting in large space occupation and high cost, and to provide an electromagnetic structure.

[0010] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0011] An electromagnetic structure includes: a Vivaldi antenna and a decoupling structure, the decoupling structure being disposed between the left and right arms of the Vivaldi antenna, with one end of the decoupling structure extending toward the radiating end of the Vivaldi antenna and the other end extending toward the feed point of the Vivaldi antenna;

[0012] The decoupling structure suppresses the conversion of surface waves into transverse electromagnetic waves by disrupting the surface waves coupled to the Vivaldi antenna.

[0013] Using the above technical solution, the decoupling structure exists only inside the antenna and does not occupy any additional space outside the antenna. This electromagnetic structure is independent. The decoupling structure only affects the coupled Vivaldi antenna and does not have any relationship with other antennas in the array. Therefore, large-scale MIMO array decoupling can be performed to achieve higher isolation at close range.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the decoupling structure is a strip structure.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the decoupling structure adopts a metasurface structure.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the decoupling structure is a strip-shaped non-uniform width structure, with one wide end being a semicircle and the other end being a gradually narrowing structure. The wide end extends towards the radiating end of the Vivaldi antenna, and the narrow end extends towards the feed point of the Vivaldi antenna.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the left arm and the right arm are connected, and one end of the decoupling structure extending toward the power supply point exceeds the power supply point and is connected to the connection point of the left arm and the right arm.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the left arm and the right arm are connected, and one end of the decoupling structure extending toward the power supply point exceeds the power supply point and is not connected to the connection point of the left arm and the right arm.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the left arm and the right arm are connected, and the end of the decoupling structure extending toward the power supply does not exceed the power supply.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the left arm and the right arm are not connected, and the end of the decoupling structure extending toward the power supply does not exceed the power supply.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the wide end of the decoupling structure has a multi-branch structure.

[0022] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the decoupling structure is a multi-segment structure.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the decoupling structure exists only inside the antenna and does not occupy additional space outside the antenna. This electromagnetic structure is independent. The decoupling structure only affects the coupled Vivaldi antenna and does not have any relationship with other antennas in the array. Therefore, large-scale MIMO array decoupling can be performed to achieve higher isolation at close range. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a prior art decoupling scheme in the background art of this invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the existing large-scale MIMO technology in the background art of this invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the relative positional relationship between the decoupling unit and the antenna unit in the prior art of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an electromagnetic structure according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of a specific embodiment of the electromagnetic structure described in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a specific embodiment of the electromagnetic structure described in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a specific embodiment of the electromagnetic structure described in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a specific scheme for an electromagnetic structure used in PCB manufacturing of a Vivaldi antenna according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 9 The simulation results show the isolation of the Vivaldi antenna of the electromagnetic structure described in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of an electromagnetic structure according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of an electromagnetic structure according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of an electromagnetic structure as described in Example 4;

[0036] The diagram is labeled as follows: 1 - left arm of the Vivaldi antenna, 2 - right arm of the Vivaldi antenna, 3 - feed point, 4 - decoupling structure. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to experimental examples and specific embodiments. However, this should not be construed as limiting the scope of the above-mentioned subject matter of the present invention to the following embodiments; all technologies implemented based on the content of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] An electromagnetic structure, such as Figure 4 As shown, it includes: a Vivaldi antenna and a decoupling structure 4, wherein the decoupling structure 4 is disposed between the left arm 1 and the right arm 2 of the Vivaldi antenna, and one end of the decoupling structure 4 extends toward the radiating end of the Vivaldi antenna, and the other end extends toward the feed point 3 of the Vivaldi antenna;

[0040] The decoupling structure 4 suppresses the conversion of surface waves into transverse electromagnetic waves by disrupting the surface waves coupled to the Vivaldi antenna.

[0041] The decoupling structure 4 is a strip structure.

[0042] The decoupling structure 4 is a strip-shaped non-uniform width structure, with one wide end being a semicircle and the other end being a gradually narrowing structure. The wide end extends towards the radiating end of the Vivaldi antenna, and the narrow end extends towards the feed point 3 of the Vivaldi antenna.

[0043] like Figure 5 As shown, the left arm 1 and the right arm 2 are connected, and the decoupling structure 4 extends beyond the power supply 3 at one end and is connected to the connection between the left arm 1 and the right arm 2.

[0044] like Figure 6 As shown, the left arm 1 and the right arm 2 are connected, and the end of the decoupling structure 4 extending toward the power supply 3 exceeds the power supply 3 and is not connected to the connection between the left arm 1 and the right arm 2.

[0045] like Figure 7 As shown, the left arm 1 and the right arm 2 are connected, and the end of the decoupling structure 4 extending toward the power supply point 3 does not exceed the power supply point 3.

[0046] like Figure 4 As shown, the left arm 1 and the right arm 2 are not connected, and the end of the decoupling structure 4 extending toward the power supply 3 does not exceed the power supply 3.

[0047] Specifically, such as Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, the isolation level of the Vivaldi antenna with the addition of the isolation structure 4 is 30dB higher than the existing industry level, according to the comparison between the current industry level and the isolation level of this application.

[0048] Example 2

[0049] like Figure 10 As shown, the decoupling structure 4 adopts a metasurface structure, the left arm 1 is connected to the right arm 2, and the decoupling structure does not exceed the power supply point 3.

[0050] Example 3

[0051] like Figure 11 As shown, the wide end of the decoupling structure 4 has a multi-branch structure, the left arm 1 is not connected to the right arm 2, and the decoupling structure 4 does not extend beyond the power supply point 3.

[0052] Example 4

[0053] like Figure 12 As shown, the decoupling structure 4 is a multi-segment structure, the left arm 1 is connected to the right arm 2, and the decoupling structure does not exceed the power supply point 3.

[0054] Using the above technical solution, the decoupling structure exists only inside the antenna and does not occupy any additional space outside the antenna. This electromagnetic structure is independent. The decoupling structure only affects the coupled Vivaldi antenna and does not have any relationship with other antennas in the array. Therefore, large-scale MIMO array decoupling can be performed to achieve higher isolation at close range.

[0055] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electromagnetic structure, characterized in that, include: The Vivaldi antenna and decoupling structure, wherein the decoupling structure is disposed between the left and right arms of the Vivaldi antenna, the decoupling structure suppressing the conversion of surface waves into transverse electromagnetic waves by disrupting the surface waves coupled to the Vivaldi antenna; The decoupling structure adopts a metasurface structure; the left arm is connected to the right arm, and the decoupling structure does not extend beyond the power supply point; or, The decoupling structure is a multi-segment structure; the left arm and the right arm are connected, and the end of the decoupling structure extending toward the power supply does not exceed the power supply point; or, The decoupling structure is a strip-shaped non-uniform width structure. The wide end of the decoupling structure is a semicircle, and the other end is a gradually narrowing structure. The wide end extends towards the radiating end of the Vivaldi antenna, and the narrow end extends towards the feed point of the Vivaldi antenna. The wide end has a multi-segment structure. The left arm and the right arm are not connected, and the end of the decoupling structure extending towards the feed point does not exceed the feed point.

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