Pixel array substrate

Abstract

The present invention discloses a pixel array substrate, which includes a control substrate, a plurality of light-emitting elements and a filling material. The light-emitting elements are arranged on the control substrate. Each light-emitting element has a light-emitting surface. There is a spacing between two adjacent light-emitting elements. The filling material covers the light-emitting elements. The filling material and the light-emitting elements satisfy the following mathematical formula: wherein D is the thickness of the filling material, P is the above spacing, N is the refractive index of the filling material, and H is the height of the light-emitting surface relative to the control substrate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a display device, and in particular to a pixel array substrate. Background Art

[0002] Many displays today have light emitting diode (LED) display panels, wherein the LED display panel generally uses a plurality of LEDs as light sources. Some current LED display panels have a plurality of red LEDs, a plurality of green LEDs, and a plurality of blue LEDs, so that the display panel can emit red light, green light, and blue light. Thus, the display panel can form an image through the red light, green light, and blue light. Summary of the invention

[0003] At least one embodiment of the present invention provides a pixel array substrate that uses a plurality of light-emitting elements to form an image.

[0004] The pixel array substrate provided by at least one embodiment of the present invention includes a control substrate, a plurality of light-emitting elements, and a filling material. The control substrate has a surface. The light-emitting elements are arranged on the surface, wherein each light-emitting element has a light-emitting surface. There is a spacing between two adjacent light-emitting elements. The filling material is arranged on the surface and covers the light-emitting elements, wherein the filling material has at least a first refractive index and a first thickness, and the spacing, the first thickness, and the first refractive index satisfy the following mathematical formula:

[0005]

[0006] Wherein D is the first thickness, P is the spacing, N is the first refractive index, and H is the height of the light emitting surface of the light emitting element relative to the surface.

[0007] In at least one embodiment of the present invention, the pixel array substrate further comprises a color array substrate, which is disposed on a filling material, wherein the filling material is located between the color array substrate and the control substrate. The color array substrate comprises a plurality of spectrum changing layers, wherein the plurality of spectrum changing layers overlap with the light emitting surfaces respectively to form a plurality of pixel units. Each spectrum changing layer is used to change the spectrum of light and has a second thickness and a second refractive index. In the same pixel unit, the spacing, height, first thickness, second thickness, first refractive index and second refractive index satisfy the following mathematical formula:

[0008]

[0009] Wherein t is the second thickness and n is the second refractive index.

[0010] In at least one embodiment of the present invention, the spectrum changing layer is a filter layer, a quantum dot material layer or a fluorescent layer.

[0011] In at least one embodiment of the present invention, the first thickness is between 5 micrometers and 100 micrometers.

[0012] In at least one embodiment of the present invention, the multiple intervals between the light emitting elements are not completely equal, and P in the above mathematical formula is the minimum interval between the light emitting elements.

[0013] In at least one embodiment of the present invention, the pixel array substrate further includes a black matrix layer. The black matrix layer is disposed on the surface and protrudes from the surface, wherein the black matrix layer has a film thickness and includes a plurality of walls. The walls define a plurality of openings, wherein the light emitting elements are respectively disposed in the openings. Each wall has a wall thickness, wherein the spacing, film thickness, wall thickness, first refractive index and height also satisfy the following mathematical formula:

[0014]

[0015] Where W is the wall thickness and T is the film thickness.

[0016] In at least one embodiment of the present invention, the filling material comprises a plurality of spectrum changing layers, which respectively cover the light emitting surfaces to form a plurality of pixel units, wherein the spectrum changing layers respectively have a plurality of first refractive indices and are used to change the spectrum of light.

[0017] A pixel array substrate provided in another embodiment of the present invention includes a control substrate, a plurality of light-emitting elements, a black matrix layer, and a filling material. The control substrate has a surface, and the light-emitting elements are arranged on the surface, wherein each light-emitting element has a light-emitting surface, and there is a spacing between two adjacent light-emitting elements. The black matrix layer is arranged on the surface and protrudes from the surface, wherein the black matrix layer has a film thickness and includes a plurality of walls. These walls define a plurality of openings, wherein the light-emitting elements are respectively arranged in these openings, and each wall has a wall thickness. The filling material is arranged on the surface and covers the light-emitting elements, wherein the filling material has a first refractive index, and the spacing, film thickness, wall thickness and first refractive index satisfy the following mathematical formula:

[0018]

[0019] Wherein W is the wall thickness, T is the film thickness, P is the spacing, N is the first refractive index, and H is the height of the light-emitting surface of the light-emitting element relative to the surface.

[0020] In at least one embodiment of the present invention, the film thickness is between 5 micrometers and 100 micrometers.

[0021] A pixel array substrate provided in another embodiment of the present invention includes a control substrate, a plurality of light-emitting elements and a color array substrate. The control substrate has a surface, and the light-emitting elements are arranged on the surface, wherein each light-emitting element has a light-emitting surface, and there is a spacing between two adjacent light-emitting elements. The color array substrate is arranged above the surface and includes a plurality of spectrum changing layers, wherein the spectrum changing layers overlap with the light-emitting surfaces respectively, and each spectrum changing layer has a thickness and a refractive index, and is used to change the spectrum of light. The above spacing, thickness and refractive index satisfy the following mathematical formula:

[0022]

[0023] Wherein P is the spacing, t is the thickness, n is the refractive index, H is the height of the light-emitting surface of the light-emitting element relative to the surface, and D is the gap distance between the control substrate and the color array substrate.

[0024] In at least one embodiment of the present invention, the gap distance is between 5 micrometers and 100 micrometers.

[0025] A pixel array substrate provided in another embodiment of the present invention includes a control substrate, a plurality of light-emitting elements, a black matrix layer and a color array substrate. The control substrate has a surface, and the light-emitting elements are arranged on the surface, wherein each light-emitting element has a light-emitting surface, and there is a spacing between two adjacent light-emitting elements. The black matrix layer is arranged on the surface and protrudes from the surface, wherein the black matrix layer has a film thickness and includes a plurality of walls. These define a plurality of openings, wherein the light-emitting elements are respectively arranged in these openings, and each wall has a wall thickness. The color array substrate is arranged above the surface and includes a plurality of spectrum changing layers, wherein these spectrum changing layers overlap with these light-emitting surfaces respectively, and each spectrum changing layer is used to change the spectrum of light. The above-mentioned spacing, wall thickness and film thickness satisfy the following mathematical formula:

[0026]

[0027] Wherein W is the wall thickness, T is the film thickness, P is the spacing, and H is the height of the light-emitting surface of the light-emitting element relative to the surface.

[0028] Based on the above, a pixel array substrate according to at least one embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of light emitting elements. The pixel array substrate forms an image by utilizing these light emitting elements, so that the pixel array substrate can be applied to a display. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1A is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a pixel array substrate according to at least one embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 1B yes Figure 1A A schematic cross-sectional view of one of the pixel units;

[0031] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a pixel array substrate according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3A is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a pixel array substrate according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3B yes Figure 3A A schematic cross-sectional view of one of the pixel units;

[0034] Figure 4A is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a pixel array substrate according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4B yes Figure 4A A schematic cross-sectional view of one of the pixel units;

[0036] Figure 5A is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a pixel array substrate according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5B yes Figure 5A A schematic cross-sectional view of one of the pixel units.

[0038] Explanation of symbols

[0039] 100, 200, 300, 400, 500: Pixel array substrate

[0040] 110: Control board

[0041] 111: Component layer

[0042] 111s: Surface

[0043] 112: Substrate

[0044] 120, 220: Color array substrate

[0045] 121r, 121g, 121b, 221r, 221g, 221b, 441r, 441g, 441b: Spectrum-changing layer

[0046] 122: Transparent substrate

[0047] 130r, 130g, 130b, 230r, 230g, 230b: Light emitting element

[0048] 131r, 131g, 131b: Light-emitting surface

[0049] 132r, 132g, 132b: Maximum viewing angle

[0050] 133, 233r, 233g, 233b: Length

[0051] 140, 440: Filling material

[0052] 150, 350: Black matrix layer

[0053] 151, 351: Wall

[0054] D1, D4: First thickness

[0055] H1: Height

[0056] PR1, PG1, PB1, PR4, PG4, PB4: pixel unit

[0057] P1, P2r, P2g, P2b: Spacing

[0058] R1, G1, B1: Light

[0059] t1: second thickness

[0060] T3: film thickness

[0061] W1: Gap width

[0062] W3: Wall thickness DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0063] In the following text, in order to clearly present the technical features of the present invention, the dimensions (such as length, width, thickness and depth) of the elements (such as layers, films, substrates and regions, etc.) in the drawings will be enlarged in unequal proportions. Therefore, the description and explanation of the embodiments below are not limited to the dimensions and shapes presented by the elements in the drawings, but should cover the dimensions, shapes and deviations thereof caused by the actual manufacturing process and / or tolerances. For example, the flat surface shown in the drawings may have rough and / or nonlinear features, while the acute angles shown in the drawings may be rounded. Therefore, the elements presented in the drawings of the present invention are mainly for illustration, and are not intended to accurately depict the actual shape of the elements, nor are they intended to limit the claims of the present invention.

[0064] Secondly, the words "approximately", "approximately" or "substantially" used in the present case not only cover the numerical values ​​and numerical ranges clearly recorded, but also cover the permissible deviation range that can be understood by ordinary technicians in the technical field to which the invention belongs, where the deviation range can be determined by the error generated during measurement, and the error is caused by the limitations of the measurement system or the manufacturing process conditions. For example, two objects (such as the planes or traces of the substrate) are "substantially parallel" or "substantially perpendicular", where "substantially parallel" and "substantially perpendicular" respectively represent that the parallelism and perpendicularity between the two objects may include non-parallelism and non-perpendicularity caused by the permissible deviation range.

[0065] In addition, "approximately" may mean within one or more standard deviations of the above values, such as ±30%, ±20%, ±10% or ±5%. In this text, the words "approximately", "approximately" or "substantially" may be used to select acceptable deviation ranges or standard deviations based on optical properties, etching properties, mechanical properties or other properties, rather than using only one standard deviation to apply to all properties such as the above optical properties, etching properties, mechanical properties and other properties.

[0066] Figure 1A is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a pixel array substrate according to at least one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1A The pixel array substrate 100 includes a control substrate 110, a color array substrate 120, and a plurality of light emitting elements 130r, 130g, and 130b. The light emitting elements 130r, 130g, and 130b are disposed on the control substrate 110, and the color array substrate 120 is disposed above the surface 111s, wherein the light emitting elements 130r, 130g, and 130b are located between the color array substrate 120 and the control substrate 110.

[0067] The control substrate 110 has a surface 111s, and the light-emitting elements 130r, 130g and 130b are all disposed on the surface 111s and may be arranged regularly, such as a matrix arrangement, wherein the light-emitting elements 130r, 130g and 130b may all be light-emitting diodes, such as micro-LEDs or sub-millimeter light-emitting diodes (mini-LEDs).

[0068] The control substrate 110 may include a device layer 111 and a substrate 112, wherein the device layer 111 is formed on the substrate 112. In the present embodiment, the control substrate 110 may be an active device array substrate, and the device layer 111 may be a multi-layer film, and includes a plurality of insulating layers, a plurality of metal pattern layers and at least one semiconductor pattern layer (all not shown), wherein the insulating layers, the metal pattern layers and the semiconductor pattern layers form a plurality of control elements, such as thin film transistors. After the light emitting elements 130r, 130g and 130b are disposed on the surface 111s, the control elements can be electrically connected to the light emitting elements 130r, 130g and 130b to control the light emitting elements 130r, 130g and 130b to emit light.

[0069] Each of the light emitting elements 130r, 130g and 130b has a light emitting surface and a maximum viewing angle, wherein the maximum viewing angle is an angle from the normal line to the angle at which the brightness decays to half of the normal brightness. Figure 1AIn the figure, the light emitting element 130r has a light emitting surface 131r and a maximum viewing angle 132r, the light emitting element 130g has a light emitting surface 131g and a maximum viewing angle 132g, and the light emitting element 130b has a light emitting surface 131b and a maximum viewing angle 132b.

[0070] Taking the light emitting element 130g as an example, the intensity of the light G1 emitted by the light emitting element 130g along the maximum viewing angle 132g may be equal to half the intensity of the light G1 emitted by the light emitting element 130g along its optical axis, wherein the light G1 emitted along the optical axis may be substantially perpendicular to the light emitting surface 131g, as shown in FIG. Figure 1A Light ray G1 is shown.

[0071] Similarly, the intensity of the light R1 emitted by the light emitting element 130r along the maximum viewing angle 132r may be equal to half the intensity of the light R1 emitted by the light emitting element 130r along its optical axis, and the intensity of the light B1 emitted by the light emitting element 130b along the maximum viewing angle 132b may be equal to half the intensity of the light B1 emitted by the light emitting element 130b along its optical axis. In addition, the maximum viewing angles 132r, 132g, and 132b of these light emitting elements 130r, 130g, and 130b may be substantially equal to each other and are all equal to 70°.

[0072] exist Figure 1A In the illustrated embodiment, the light emitting elements 130r, 130g, and 130b may be different types of light emitting diodes, and may emit light rays R1, G1, and B1 of different colors. For example, the light emitting element 130r may be a red light emitting diode, and the light ray R1 may be red light. The light emitting element 130g may be a green light emitting diode, and the light ray G1 may be green light. The light emitting element 130b may be a blue light emitting diode, and the light ray B1 may be blue light. In this way, the pixel array substrate 100 may form an image through the light rays R1, G1, and B1.

[0073] However, in other embodiments, the light emitting elements 130r, 130g and 130b may all be the same type of elements, such as white light emitting diodes, so that the colors of the light beams R1, G1 and B1 are the same, for example, the light beams R1, G1 and B1 are all white light. In addition, many existing light emitting diodes have a maximum viewing angle in air (such as the maximum viewing angle 132r, 132g or 132b) of about 70°.

[0074] The color array substrate 120 includes a plurality of spectrum changing layers 121r, 121g and 121b, wherein the spectrum changing layers 121r, 121g and 121b can be arranged regularly (e.g., in a matrix arrangement) and can be aligned to the light emitting elements 130r, 130g and 130b, respectively. Therefore, the spectrum changing layers 121r, 121g and 121b can overlap with the light emitting surfaces 131r, 131g and 131b, respectively, to form a plurality of pixel units PR1, PG1 and PB1.

[0075] The pixel unit PR1 includes a spectrum changing layer 121r and a light emitting element 130r overlapping each other, the pixel unit PG1 includes a spectrum changing layer 121g and a light emitting element 130g overlapping each other, and the pixel unit PB1 includes a spectrum changing layer 121b and a light emitting element 130b overlapping each other. The color array substrate 120 may further include a substrate 122, which may be a transparent substrate, such as a glass plate, a sapphire substrate or a transparent plastic plate, wherein the spectrum changing layers 121r, 121g and 121b may be arranged on the same plane of the substrate 122, such as Figure 1A shown.

[0076] Since the spectrum changing layers 121r, 121g and 121b overlap with the light emitting surfaces 131r, 131g and 131b respectively, the spectrum changing layers 121r, 121g and 121b are respectively located on the transmission paths of the light rays R1, G1 and B1, so that the light rays R1, G1 and B1 can penetrate the spectrum changing layers 121r, 121g and 121b respectively. When the light rays R1, G1 and B1 penetrate the spectrum changing layers 121r, 121g and 121b respectively, the spectrum changing layers 121r, 121g and 121b can respectively change the spectrums of the light rays R1, G1 and B1.

[0077] Specifically, the spectrum changing layer (e.g., spectrum changing layer 121r, 121g, or 121b) can filter components with specific wavelengths in the light to change the spectrum of the light. Therefore, the spectrum changing layers 121r, 121g, and 121b can be filter layers. Alternatively, the spectrum changing layer can convert the wavelength of the light into another completely different wavelength, thereby changing the color and spectrum of the light. For example, the light R1, G1, and B1 can all be blue light or ultraviolet light, and the spectrum changing layers 121r, 121g, and 121b can convert the light R1, G1, and B1 into red light, green light, and blue light, respectively, wherein the spectrum changing layers 121r, 121g, and 121b can also be quantum dot material layers or fluorescent layers.

[0078] The pixel array substrate 100 may further include a filling material 140 disposed on the surface 111s, wherein the color array substrate 120 is disposed on the filling material 140, and the filling material 140 is located between the color array substrate 120 and the control substrate 110. The filling material 140 may cover the light emitting elements 130r, 130g, and 130b, and may be a transparent polymer material, such as a resin. Therefore, the filling material 140 may be a solid, and the light R1, G1, and B1 may penetrate the filling material 140 and be incident on the color array substrate 120. In addition, the filling material 140 may also be a gas, such as air, so the filling material 140 is not limited to be a solid.

[0079] It should be noted that, in the present embodiment, the color array substrate 120 includes a substrate 122. However, in other embodiments, the color array substrate 120 may not include the substrate 122. Specifically, the filling material 140 may be a solid, such as a resin, so that the filling material 140 can carry the spectrum changing layers 121r, 121g, and 121b, so that the spectrum changing layers 121r, 121g, and 121b can be disposed on the filling material 140 and can directly contact the filling material 140. Therefore, the color array substrate 120 may not include the substrate 122, but Figure 1A The illustrated substrate 122 may be omitted.

[0080] The pixel array substrate 100 may further include a black matrix layer 150. The black matrix layer 150 is disposed on the surface 111s of the control substrate 110 and protrudes from the surface 111s, but does not protrude from the light-emitting surfaces 131r, 131g, and 131b. The shape of the black matrix layer 150 may be a mesh, so the black matrix layer 150 may have a plurality of grids. The black matrix layer 150 includes a plurality of walls 151, and these walls 151 can define a plurality of openings (not shown), wherein the openings are the above-mentioned grids, and the light-emitting elements 130r, 130g, and 130b are respectively disposed in these openings, so that the black matrix layer 150 can surround the light-emitting elements 130r, 130g, and 130b.

[0081] Figure 1B yes Figure 1A A schematic cross-sectional view of a pixel unit in FIG. Figure 1B Mainly select pixel unit PG1 to draw. Figure 1A and Figure 1B There is a spacing between two adjacent light-emitting elements 130r, 130g and 130b, which may be equal to the gap width between two adjacent light-emitting elements (ie, two adjacent light-emitting elements 130r, 130g and 130b) plus the length of one of the two adjacent light-emitting elements.

[0082] by Figure 1BFor example, the light emitting elements 130g and 130b are adjacent, and there is a spacing P1 between the adjacent light emitting elements 130g and 130b, wherein the spacing P1 may be equal to the gap width W1 between the two adjacent light emitting elements 130g and 130b plus the length 133 of the light emitting element 130g. Figure 1B In this embodiment, the gap width W1 between two adjacent ones of the light emitting elements 130r, 130g and 130b is substantially equal, and the light emitting elements 130r, 130g and 130b have substantially the same size.

[0083] Therefore, the light emitting elements 130r, 130g and 130b have substantially the same length 133, and the intervals P1 between two adjacent light emitting elements 130r, 130g and 130b are substantially equal. In addition, since the light emitting elements 130r, 130g and 130b have substantially the same size, the light emitting elements 130r, 130g and 130b have substantially the same thickness, so that the heights H1 of the light emitting surfaces 131r, 131g and 131b of the light emitting elements 130r, 130g and 130b relative to the surface 111s can be substantially equal to each other.

[0084] The filling material 140 has a first refractive index and a first thickness D1, wherein the first thickness D1 is also equal to the gap distance between the control substrate 110 and the color array substrate 120, and the gap distance (i.e., the first thickness D1) can be between 5 microns and 100 microns. Each of the spectrum changing layers 121r, 121g, and 121b has a second thickness t1 and a second refractive index, wherein the second thickness t1 of the spectrum changing layers 121r, 121g, and 121b can be substantially equal to each other, such as Figure 1B shown.

[0085] In these pixel units PR1, PG1 and PB1, the maximum viewing angle 132r, 132g and 132b, the pitch P1, the height H1, the first thickness D1, the second thickness t1, the first refractive index of the filling material 140, and the second refractive index of the spectrum changing layer 121r, 121g and 121b will satisfy a specific mathematical formula. Taking the pixel unit PG1 as an example, in the same pixel unit PG1, the maximum viewing angle 132g, the height H1, the pitch P1, the first thickness D1, the second thickness t1, the first refractive index of the filling material 140, and the second refractive index of the spectrum changing layer 121g satisfy the following mathematical formula (1).

[0086]

[0087] In the above mathematical formula (1), N is the first refractive index of the filling material 140, and n is the second refractive index of the spectrum changing layer 121g, wherein 70° represents the maximum viewing angle 132g. In addition, the above mathematical formula (1) can be derived from geometric optics, Snell's Law and geometric mathematics.

[0088] When the maximum viewing angle 132g, the height H1, the spacing P1, the first thickness D1, the second thickness t1, the first refractive index of the filling material 140 and the second refractive index of the spectrum changing layer 121g satisfy mathematical formula (1), the light G1 emitted by the light emitting element 130g within the maximum viewing angle 132g (equivalent to an exit angle between 0 and 70°) will be incident on the spectrum changing layer 121g, but will basically not be incident on the spectrum changing layers 121r and 121b outside the pixel unit PG1, so as to reduce or avoid the light G1 being incident on the spectrum changing layers 121r and 121b.

[0089] Similarly, the maximum viewing angle 132r and the second refractive index of the spectrum changing layer 121r in the same pixel unit PR1 also satisfy the mathematical formula (1), wherein n in the mathematical formula (1) may be the second refractive index of the spectrum changing layer 121r, and 70° represents the maximum viewing angle 132r. The maximum viewing angle 132b and the second refractive index of the spectrum changing layer 121b in the same pixel unit PB1 also satisfy the mathematical formula (1), wherein n in the mathematical formula (1) may be the second refractive index of the spectrum changing layer 121b, and 70° represents the maximum viewing angle 132b.

[0090] When the maximum viewing angles 132r, 132g and 132b (all about 70°), the pitch P1, the height H1, the first thickness D1, the second thickness t1, the first refractive index of the filling material 140 and the second refractive index of the spectrum changing layers 121r, 121g and 121b in the pixel units PR1, PG1 and PB1 satisfy mathematical formula (1), within the range of the maximum viewing angles 132r, 132g and 132b (equivalent to an exit angle between 0 and 70°), each of the light rays R1, G1 and B1 will basically only penetrate a single spectrum changing layer (i.e., the spectrum changing layer 121r, 121g or 121b), so that each of these spectrum changing layers 121r, 121g and 121b basically only receives one of the light rays R1, G1 and B1, thereby reducing or preventing color mixing caused by light leakage, thereby improving the image quality of the pixel array substrate 100.

[0091] It is worth mentioning that the filling material 140 may be air. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the filling material 140 may be omitted so that a vacuum environment is formed between the control substrate 110 and the color array substrate 120. When the filling material 140 is air or is omitted, in the above mathematical formula (1), N representing the first refractive index (i.e., the refractive index of the filling material 140) may be equal to 1, so that the above mathematical formula (1) may be simplified to the following mathematical formula (2), wherein under the condition that the filling material 140 is omitted, D1 in the mathematical formula (2) may be the gap distance between the control substrate 110 and the color array substrate 120, which may be between 5 microns and 100 microns.

[0092]

[0093] It should be noted that in Figure 1A and Figure 1B In the color array substrate 120 shown in FIG. 1 , the spectrum changing layers 121r, 121g and 121b are adjacent to each other, and the boundaries between the spectrum changing layers 121r, 121g and 121b are substantially parallel to the normal line of the control substrate 110 (which is equivalent to Figure 1A light R1, G1 or B1).

[0094] However, even if the spectrum changing layers 121r, 121g and 121b are separated from each other, or at least two of the spectrum changing layers 121r, 121g and 121b partially overlap, mathematical formulas (1) and (2) still hold true without being affected. Therefore, in other embodiments, the spectrum changing layers 121r, 121g and 121b of the color array substrate 120 may be separated from each other. Alternatively, at least two of the spectrum changing layers 121r, 121g and 121b of the color array substrate 120 may partially overlap.

[0095] Figure 2 FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a pixel array substrate according to another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 The pixel array substrate 200 of the present embodiment is similar to the pixel array substrate 100 of the aforementioned embodiment, wherein the pixel array substrates 200 and 100 both include the same or similar components, such as a control substrate 110, a color array substrate 220, a filling material 140, a black matrix layer 150, and a plurality of light emitting components 230r, 230g, and 230b, and the light emitting components 230r, 230g, and 230b can emit light R1, G1, and B1, respectively.

[0096] However, unlike the pixel array substrate 100, at least two of the sizes of the light emitting elements 230r, 230g and 230b are significantly different, so that the multiple intervals between the light emitting elements 230r, 230g and 230b are not completely equal. In other words, at least two of the intervals between the light emitting elements 230r, 230g and 230b are not equal.

[0097] Specifically, the light emitting element 230r has a length 233r, the light emitting element 230g has a length 233g, and the light emitting element 230b has a length 233b. Figure 2 It can be clearly seen that the size of light emitting element 230g is larger than that of light emitting element 230r, and the size of light emitting element 230r is larger than that of light emitting element 230b, so the length 233g is larger than the length 233r, and the length 233r is larger than the length 233b.

[0098] Secondly, the light emitting elements 230r, 230g and 230b may have the same height H1, and the gap width W1 between two adjacent light emitting elements 230r, 230g and 230b is substantially equal. Therefore, the spacings P2r, P2g and P2b between the light emitting elements 230r, 230g and 230b are not completely equal, wherein the spacing P2g between the adjacent light emitting elements 230g and 230b is greater than the spacing P2r between the adjacent light emitting elements 230r and 230g, and the spacing P2r between the adjacent light emitting elements 230r and 230g is greater than the spacing P2b between the adjacent light emitting elements 230b and 230r. Therefore, the spacing P2b is the minimum spacing between the light emitting elements 230r, 230g and 230b.

[0099] In the present embodiment, the pixel array substrates 200 and 100 basically satisfy the mathematical formula (1) or (2). When the filling material 140 in the pixel array substrate 200 is air or is omitted, the pixel array substrate 200 basically satisfies the mathematical formula (2). However, slightly different from the above-mentioned embodiment, in the present embodiment, the pitch P1 in the mathematical formula (1) or (2) is the minimum pitch P2b, rather than other pitches P2r or P2g, so as to ensure that the light (i.e., the light R1, G1, or B1) emitted by the light emitting element (i.e., the light emitting element 230r, 230g, or 230b) in one of the pixel units P2r, P2b, and P2b within the maximum viewing angle range (equivalent to an exit angle between 0 and 70°) can be correctly incident on the spectrum changing layer (i.e., the spectrum changing layer 221r, 221g, or 221b) in the same pixel unit, and will not be incident on other pixel units, so as to reduce or prevent color mixing caused by light leakage.

[0100] The color array substrate 220 includes a plurality of spectrum changing layers 221r, 221g, 221b and a substrate 122, wherein the spectrum changing layers 221r, 221g and 221b can be disposed on the same plane of the substrate 122 and can be aligned with the light emitting elements 230r, 230g and 230b, respectively, so that the spectrum changing layers 221r, 221g and 221b can overlap with the light emitting surfaces (not shown) of the light emitting elements 230r, 230g and 230b, respectively. In addition, the arrangement, materials and functions of the spectrum changing layers 221r, 221g and 221b can be the same as those of the spectrum changing layers 121r, 121g and 121b, and the color array substrate 220 may not include the substrate 122, that is, Figure 2 The illustrated substrate 122 may be omitted.

[0101] Since at least two of the light emitting elements 230r, 230g and 230b have significantly different sizes, at least two of the spectrum changing layers 221r, 221g and 221b also have significantly different sizes. Figure 2 For example, the size of the spectrum changing layer 221g is significantly larger than that of the spectrum changing layer 221r, and the size of the spectrum changing layer 221r ​​is significantly larger than that of the spectrum changing layer 221b.

[0102] It can be seen from this that the spectrum changing layer 221g has the largest size, the spectrum changing layer 221b has the smallest size, and the size of the spectrum changing layer 221r ​​is between the sizes of the spectrum changing layers 221g and 221b. The spectrum changing layer 221g with the largest size is aligned with the light emitting element 230g with the largest size, the spectrum changing layer 221b with the smallest size is aligned with the light emitting element 230b with the smallest size, and the other spectrum changing layers 221r ​​are aligned with the light emitting element 230r.

[0103] It should be noted that, similar to the color array substrate 120 in the aforementioned embodiment, even if the spectrum changing layers 221r, 221g and 221b are separated from each other, or at least two of the spectrum changing layers 221r, 221g and 221b partially overlap, mathematical formulas (1) and (2) still hold and are not affected, wherein the spacing P1 is still the minimum spacing. Therefore, in the color array substrate 220 of other embodiments, the spectrum changing layers 221r, 221g and 221b may be separated from each other. Alternatively, at least two of the spectrum changing layers 221r, 221g and 221b may partially overlap.

[0104] Figure 3A and Figure 3B is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a pixel array substrate according to another embodiment of the present invention, wherein Figure 3A The pixel array substrate 300 is similar to the pixel array substrate 100 of the aforementioned embodiment and has a plurality of pixel units PR1, PG1 and PB1. Figure 3B Mainly choose Figure 3A The same features of the pixel array substrates 300 and 100 are not described again in principle, and the main difference between the pixel array substrates 300 and 100 is mainly described below, which is that the black matrix layer 350 included in the pixel array substrate 300 is different from the aforementioned black matrix layer 150.

[0105] See also Figure 3A and Figure 3B The black matrix layer 350 is disposed on the surface 111s of the control substrate 110 and protrudes from the surface 111s. The black matrix layer 350 may also be in a mesh shape and have a plurality of grids. The black matrix layer 350 includes a plurality of walls 351, and these walls 351 can define a plurality of openings (not shown), wherein the openings are the aforementioned grids, and the light emitting elements 130r, 130g, and 130b are respectively disposed in these openings.

[0106] Different from the aforementioned black matrix layer 150, the black matrix layer 350 has a thicker film thickness T3, wherein the film thickness T3 may be between 5 microns and 100 microns and is greater than the height H1, and the black matrix layer 350 protrudes from the light-emitting surfaces 131r, 131g, and 131b. Secondly, each wall 351 has a wall thickness W3, and in the same pixel unit PG1, the maximum viewing angle 132g (about 70°), the pitch P1, the film thickness T3, the wall thickness W3, the refractive index of the filling material 140 (i.e., the first refractive index), and the height H1 satisfy the following mathematical formula (3).

[0107]

[0108] The above mathematical formula (3) can be derived from geometric optics, Snell's law and geometric mathematics. In the above mathematical formula (3), N is the refractive index of the filling material 140, and 70° represents the maximum viewing angle. When the maximum viewing angle 132g (all about 70°), the spacing P1, the film thickness T3, the wall thickness W3, the refractive index of the filling material 140 and the height H1 satisfy the mathematical formula (3), the black matrix layer 350 can effectively block the light greater than the maximum viewing angle 132g, so that the light G1 emitted by the light-emitting element 130g is incident on the spectrum changing layer 121g, but basically will not be incident on the spectrum changing layers 121r and 121b outside the pixel unit PG1, so as to reduce or avoid the light G1 incident on the spectrum changing layers 121r and 121b.

[0109] Similarly, the maximum viewing angle 132r (approximately 70°) in the pixel unit PR1 and the maximum viewing angle 132b (approximately 70°) in the pixel unit PB1 also satisfy equation (3). In this way, the black matrix layer 350 can also effectively block light rays greater than the maximum viewing angle 132r or 132b, so that each of the spectrum changing layers 121r, 121g and 121b basically only receives one of the light rays R1, G1 and B1, thereby reducing or preventing color mixing caused by light leakage, thereby improving the image quality of the pixel array substrate 300.

[0110] It should be noted that the filling material 140 may also be air or be omitted, so the refractive index N representing the filling material 140 in equation (3) may be equal to 1, so that equation (3) can be simplified into the following equation (4).

[0111]

[0112] Secondly, in this embodiment, the pixel array substrate 300 not only satisfies the mathematical formula (3) or (4), but also satisfies the mathematical formula (1) or (2). However, in other embodiments, the pixel array substrate 300 may only satisfy the mathematical formula (3) or (4), but not satisfy the mathematical formula (1) and (2). Therefore, the pixel array substrate 300 is not limited to satisfying the mathematical formula (1) or (2).

[0113] It is worth mentioning that the black matrix layer 350 is also suitable for Figure 2 The disclosed pixel array substrate 200. That is, Figure 2 The black matrix layer 150 in the embodiment may be replaced by Figure 3A The black matrix layer 350 in the embodiment of the present invention is used to make the mathematical formula (3) or (4) also applicable to Figure 2 In the disclosed pixel array substrate 200, the pitch P1 in the equation (3) or (4) is the maximum pitch P2g between the light emitting elements 230r, 230g and 230b. In other words, Figure 3A The color array substrate 120, the light emitting elements 130r, 130g and 130b in the pixel array substrate 300 can be replaced by Figure 2 The color array substrate 220, the light emitting elements 230r, 230g and 230b.

[0114] Secondly, even if Figure 3A and Figure 3B The spectrum changing layers 121r, 121g and 121b are separated from each other, or at least two of the spectrum changing layers 121r, 121g and 121b partially overlap, and the mathematical formulas (3) and (4) still hold true without being affected. Figure 3A and Figure 3BIn the color array substrate 120 shown, the spectrum changing layers 121r, 121g and 121b may be separated from each other, or at least two of the spectrum changing layers 121r, 121g and 121b may partially overlap.

[0115] Figure 4A FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a pixel array substrate according to another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4A The pixel array substrate 400 of the present embodiment is similar to the pixel array substrate 100 of the aforementioned embodiment, wherein the pixel array substrates 400 and 100 both include the same or similar components, such as a control substrate 110, a plurality of light emitting components 130r, 130g and 130b, and a black matrix layer 150. The following content mainly describes the differences between the pixel array substrates 400 and 100, and the same technical features of the two are not repeated in principle.

[0116] Different from the pixel array substrate 100, the pixel array substrate 400 includes a filling material 440 but does not include any color array substrate (such as the color array substrates 120 and 220), wherein the filling material 440 includes a plurality of spectrum changing layers 441r, 441g and 441b. The spectrum changing layers 441r, 441g and 441b cover the light emitting surfaces 131r, 131g and 131b respectively to form a plurality of pixel units PR4, PG4 and PB4.

[0117] Since the filling material 440 includes the spectrum changing layers 441r, 441g and 441b, compared with the filling material 140 in the aforementioned embodiment, the filling material 440 can have multiple first refractive indices, wherein the spectrum changing layers 441r, 441g and 441b respectively have the first refractive indices and can change the spectrum of the light R1, G1 and B1. In addition, the materials and functions of the spectrum changing layers 441r, 441g and 441b can be the same as those of the spectrum changing layers 121r, 121g and 121b.

[0118] Figure 4B yes Figure 4A A schematic cross-sectional view of a pixel unit in FIG. Figure 4B Mainly select pixel unit PG4 to draw. Figure 4A and Figure 4B , the filling material 140 has a first thickness D4, wherein the thicknesses of the spectrum changing layers 441r, 441g and 441b may be substantially equal to the first thickness D4, that is, the spectrum changing layers 441r, 441g and 441b substantially have the same thickness (ie, the first thickness D4), as Figure 4B shown.

[0119] In the pixel units PR4, PG4 and PB4, the maximum viewing angles 132r, 132g and 132b, the pitch P1, the height H1, the first thickness D4, and the refractive indices of the spectrum changing layers 441r, 441g and 441b (i.e., the first refractive indices of the filling material 440) satisfy a specific mathematical formula. Figure 4B Taking the pixel unit PG4 shown as an example, in the same pixel unit PG4, the maximum viewing angle 132g, the height H1, the spacing P1, the first thickness D4, and the refractive index of the spectrum changing layer 441g satisfy the following mathematical formula (5), where N is the refractive index of the spectrum changing layer 441g.

[0120]

[0121] When the maximum viewing angle 132g (approximately 70°), the height H1, the spacing P1, the first thickness D4, and the refractive index of the spectrum changing layer 441g satisfy mathematical formula (5), the light G1 emitted by the light emitting element 130g within the maximum viewing angle 132g (equivalent to an exit angle between 0 and 70°) will be incident on the spectrum changing layer 441g, but will basically not be incident on the spectrum changing layers 441r and 441b outside the pixel unit PG4, so as to reduce or avoid the light G1 being incident on the spectrum changing layers 441r and 441b.

[0122] Similarly, the maximum viewing angle 132r (approximately 70°) and the refractive index of the spectrum changing layer 441r in the same pixel unit PR4 also satisfy the mathematical formula (5), wherein N in the mathematical formula (5) may be the refractive index of the spectrum changing layer 441r. The maximum viewing angle 132b (approximately 70°) and the refractive index of the spectrum changing layer 441b in the same pixel unit PB4 also satisfy the mathematical formula (5), wherein N in the mathematical formula (5) may be the refractive index of the spectrum changing layer 441b.

[0123] When the maximum viewing angles 132r, 132g and 132b (all about 70°), the spacing P1, the height H1, the first thickness D4 and the refractive index of the spectrum changing layers 441r, 441g and 441b in the pixel units PR4, PG4 and PB4 satisfy mathematical formula (5), each of the light rays R1, G1 and B1 within the maximum viewing angle range (equivalent to an exit angle between 0 and 70°) will basically only correctly penetrate the corresponding spectrum changing layer (i.e., the spectrum changing layer 441r, 441g or 441b), so that each of these spectrum changing layers 441r, 441g and 441b basically only corresponds to receiving one of the light rays R1, G1 and B1, thereby reducing or preventing color mixing caused by light leakage, thereby improving the image quality of the pixel array substrate 400.

[0124] Figure 5A and Figure 5Bis a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a pixel array substrate according to another embodiment of the present invention, wherein Figure 5A The pixel array substrate 500 is similar to the pixel array substrate 400 of the aforementioned embodiment and has a plurality of pixel units PR4, PG4 and PB4. Figure 5B Mainly choose Figure 5A The difference between the pixel array substrates 500 and 400 is that the pixel array substrate 500 includes a relatively thick black matrix layer 350, but does not include a relatively thin black matrix layer 150. The following mainly describes the above differences, and the same features of the pixel array substrates 500 and 400 are not repeated in principle.

[0125] See also Figure 5A and Figure 5B In this embodiment, in the same pixel unit PG4, the maximum viewing angle 132g (about 70°), the pitch P1, the film thickness T3, the wall thickness W3, the refractive index of the spectrum changing layer 441g, and the height H1 satisfy the above mathematical formula (3), wherein N in the mathematical formula (3) is the refractive index of the spectrum changing layer 441g. Similarly, the maximum viewing angle 132r (about 70°) and the refractive index of the spectrum changing layer 441r in the pixel unit PR4, and the maximum viewing angle 132b (about 70°) and the refractive index of the spectrum changing layer 441b in the pixel unit PB4 also satisfy mathematical formula (3), wherein N in the mathematical formula (3) can be the refractive index of the spectrum changing layer 441r or 441b.

[0126] In this way, the black matrix layer 350 can effectively block the light R1, G1 and B1 emitted by the light-emitting elements 130r, 130g and 130b outside the maximum viewing angle range (equivalent to an emission angle greater than 70°), so that each of these spectrum changing layers 441r, 441g and 441b basically only corresponds to receiving one of the light R1, G1 and B1, so as to reduce or prevent color mixing caused by light leakage, thereby improving the image quality of the pixel array substrate 500. In addition, the pixel array substrate 500 in this embodiment can also satisfy mathematical formula (5). However, in other embodiments, the pixel array substrate 500 can only satisfy mathematical formula (3) and is not limited to satisfying mathematical formula (5).

[0127] It is worth mentioning that Figure 2 The light emitting elements 230r, 230g and 230b shown are also applicable to the pixel array substrates 400 and 500. In other words, the light emitting elements 130r, 130g and 130b in the pixel array substrates 400 and 500 can be replaced by Figure 2 The light-emitting elements 230r, 230g and 230b in the embodiment can also satisfy mathematical formulas (3) and (5).

[0128] It should be noted that, similar to the color array substrates 120 and 220 in the aforementioned embodiments, Figure 4A , Figure 4B , Figure 5A and Figure 5B In each of the filling materials 440 shown, the spectrum changing layers 441r, 441g and 441b are adjacent to each other, and the boundaries between the spectrum changing layers 441r, 441g and 441b are substantially parallel to the normal line of the control substrate 110 (which is equivalent to Figure 4A light R1, G1 or B1).

[0129] However, even if the spectrum changing layers 441r, 441g and 441b are separated from each other, or at least two of the spectrum changing layers 441r, 441g and 441b partially overlap, mathematical formulas (3) and (5) still hold true without being affected. Therefore, in other embodiments, the spectrum changing layers 441r, 441g and 441b of the filling material 440 may be separated from each other. Alternatively, at least two of the spectrum changing layers 441r, 441g and 441b of the filling material 440 may partially overlap.

[0130] Although the present invention is disclosed in conjunction with the above embodiments, they are not intended to limit the present invention. A person skilled in the art in the technical field to which the present invention belongs may make slight changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention shall be based on the definition of the attached claims.

Claims

1. A pixel array substrate, comprising: A control substrate having a surface; A plurality of light-emitting elements are arranged on the surface, wherein each of the light-emitting elements has a light-emitting surface, and there is a distance between two adjacent light-emitting elements; as well as A filling material is disposed on the surface and covers the light emitting elements, wherein the filling material has at least a first refractive index and a first thickness, and the spacing, the first thickness and the first refractive index satisfy the following mathematical formula: Wherein D is the first thickness, P is the spacing, N is the first refractive index, and H is the height of the light emitting surface of the light emitting element relative to the surface.

2. The pixel array substrate according to claim 1, further comprising: A color array substrate is disposed on the filling material, wherein the filling material is located between the color array substrate and the control substrate, and the color array substrate includes: A plurality of spectrum changing layers overlap the light emitting surfaces respectively to form a plurality of pixel units, wherein each of the spectrum changing layers is used to change the spectrum of the light and has a second thickness and a second refractive index; in the same pixel unit, the spacing, the height, the first thickness, the second thickness, the first refractive index and the second refractive index satisfy the following mathematical formula: Wherein t is the second thickness, and n is the second refractive index. 3 . The pixel array substrate as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the spectrum changing layer is a filter layer, a quantum dot material layer or a fluorescent layer. 4 . The pixel array substrate as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the first thickness is between 5 micrometers and 100 micrometers. 5 . The pixel array substrate as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the plurality of spacings between the light emitting elements are not completely equal, and P in the above mathematical formula is the minimum spacing between the light emitting elements.

6. The pixel array substrate according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising: A black matrix layer is disposed on the surface and protrudes from the surface, wherein the black matrix layer has a film thickness and includes: A plurality of walls define a plurality of openings, wherein the light emitting elements are respectively disposed in the openings, and each of the walls has a wall thickness, wherein the spacing, the film thickness, the wall thickness, the first refractive index and the height also satisfy the following mathematical formula: Where W is the wall thickness and T is the film thickness.

7. The pixel array substrate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the filling material comprises: A plurality of spectrum changing layers respectively cover the light emitting surfaces to form a plurality of pixel units, wherein the spectrum changing layers respectively have a plurality of the first refractive indices and are used to change the spectrum of the light.

8. A pixel array substrate, comprising: A control substrate having a surface; A plurality of light-emitting elements are arranged on the surface, wherein each of the light-emitting elements has a light-emitting surface, and there is a distance between two adjacent light-emitting elements; A black matrix layer is disposed on the surface and protrudes from the surface, wherein the black matrix layer has a film thickness and includes: A plurality of walls defining a plurality of openings, wherein the light emitting elements are respectively disposed in the openings, and each of the walls has a wall thickness; A filling material is disposed on the surface and covers the light emitting elements, wherein the filling material has a first refractive index, and the spacing, the film thickness, the wall thickness and the first refractive index satisfy the following mathematical formula: Wherein W is the wall thickness, T is the film thickness, P is the spacing, N is the first refractive index, and H is the height of the light-emitting surface of the light-emitting element relative to the surface. 9 . The pixel array substrate as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the film thickness is between 5 micrometers and 100 micrometers. 10 . The pixel array substrate as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the plurality of intervals between the light emitting elements are not completely equal, and P in the above mathematical formula is the maximum interval between the light emitting elements.

11. A pixel array substrate, comprising: A control substrate having a surface; A plurality of light-emitting elements are arranged on the surface, wherein each of the light-emitting elements has a light-emitting surface, and there is a distance between two adjacent light-emitting elements; A color array substrate is disposed above the surface and includes a plurality of spectrum changing layers, wherein the spectrum changing layers overlap the light emitting surfaces respectively, and each spectrum changing layer has a thickness and a refractive index and is used to change the spectrum of the light, wherein the spacing, the thickness and the refractive index satisfy the following mathematical formula: Wherein P is the spacing, t is the thickness, n is the refractive index, H is the height of the light-emitting surface of the light-emitting element relative to the surface, and D is the gap distance between the control substrate and the color array substrate. 12 . The pixel array substrate as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the gap distance is between 5 micrometers and 100 micrometers.

13. A pixel array substrate, comprising: A control substrate having a surface; A plurality of light-emitting elements are arranged on the surface, wherein each of the light-emitting elements has a light-emitting surface, and there is a distance between two adjacent light-emitting elements; A black matrix layer is disposed on the surface and protrudes from the surface, wherein the black matrix layer has a film thickness and includes: A plurality of walls defining a plurality of openings, wherein the light emitting elements are respectively disposed in the openings, and each of the walls has a wall thickness; The color array substrate is disposed above the surface and includes a plurality of spectrum changing layers, wherein the spectrum changing layers overlap the light emitting surfaces respectively, and each spectrum changing layer is used to change the spectrum of the light, the spacing, the wall thickness and the film thickness satisfy the following mathematical formula: Wherein W is the wall thickness, T is the film thickness, P is the spacing, and H is the height of the light-emitting surface of the light-emitting element relative to the surface. 14 . The pixel array substrate as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the film thickness is between 5 micrometers and 100 micrometers.

Images