Method and system for disinfecting air conditioned by a climate control system

Abstract

A method for purifying air within a space is provided. The method includes a controller determining whether an on signal is received. Upon determining that the on signal is received, the controller commands an air sterilizer of an air sterilization system to turn on to purify an air stream traveling through the air sterilization system and commands an air moving fan / blower to operate to direct the air stream into the space. Upon determining that the on signal is not received, the controller commands the air moving fan / blower and the air sterilizer to turn off.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure generally relates to climate control systems. More specifically, this disclosure relates to methods and systems for disinfecting air regulated by a climate control system. Background Technology

[0002] A transport climate control system may include, for example, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems and / or transport refrigeration (TRS) systems. HVAC systems are typically used to control the climate within the passenger space of a vehicle (e.g., passenger buses, tractor-trailer compartments, etc.). TRS are typically used to control environmental conditions (e.g., temperature, humidity, air quality, etc.) within the cargo space of a transport unit (e.g., trucks, containers (such as flatbed containers, intermodal containers, etc.), vans, semi-tractor-trailers, buses, or other similar transport units). A TRS can maintain one or more environmental conditions in that cargo space to sustain the cargo (e.g., agricultural products, frozen foods, pharmaceuticals, etc.).

[0003] The COVID-19 pandemic exposed societal vulnerability to rapidly spreading viruses. Public transport vehicles typically serve many passengers throughout the day, with people regularly entering and exiting the vehicle. Passengers can be in very close proximity within the enclosed space of public transport vehicles. These conditions facilitate the spread of infectious diseases and pathogens such as COVID-19. In particular, in mobile societies where transportation is critical to business, such as the transport of goods and people to workplaces, schools, etc., sound hygiene solutions that foster confidence in various forms of transport are beneficial to public health and safety. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This disclosure relates to methods and systems for disinfecting air regulated by a climate control system.

[0005] The embodiments described herein can provide an effective air disinfection solution for use in climate control applications where high air exchange rates may exist. Accordingly, volatile organic compounds, including viruses, pathogens, and bacteria, can be effectively reduced in climate control applications with high air exchange rates.

[0006] The embodiments described herein can also track the effectiveness of air disinfection systems used in climate control applications. Accordingly, users can determine when components of the air disinfection system (e.g., air sterilizers) lose sufficient effectiveness and may require maintenance (e.g., repair or replacement).

[0007] It should be understood that the embodiments described herein can be applied to both transport climate control applications and residential and commercial HVAC applications.

[0008] In one embodiment, a method for purifying air within a climate-controlled space is provided. The method includes: a controller determining whether climate control is needed to regulate the air within the climate-controlled space. Upon determining that climate control is needed, the controller: determines the amount of climate control required to regulate the air within the climate-controlled space, commands a compressor of the climate control system to operate to meet the required amount of climate control, commands an air-moving fan / blower of the climate control system to operate to meet the required amount of climate control, and commands an air sterilizer of an air disinfection system to operate. Upon determining that climate control is not needed, the controller: commands the air-moving fan / blower of the climate control system to operate at a predetermined speed, and commands the air sterilizer of the air disinfection system to operate.

[0009] In another embodiment, a system for purifying air within a climate-controlled space is provided. The system includes an air disinfection system and a climate control system. The air disinfection system includes an air sterilizer configured to purify air traveling through it. The climate control system includes: a compressor configured to compress a working fluid; an evaporator coil configured to regulate air traveling through it; and an air-moving fan / blower configured to direct the regulated air from the evaporator coil into the climate-controlled space. The air sterilizer is positioned such that it purifies a significant portion of the air traveling through the evaporator coil.

[0010] In another embodiment, a method is provided for tracking the effectiveness of an air disinfection system including an air sterilizer. The method includes a controller monitoring operating parameters of the air sterilizer. The method further includes the controller determining, based on the operating parameters, that the air sterilizer is not operating effectively. Additionally, the method includes generating an alarm / maintenance notification and displaying the alarm / maintenance notification to a user after the controller determines that the air sterilizer is not operating effectively.

[0011] In another embodiment, a method for purifying air within a space is provided. The method includes a controller determining whether an activation signal is received. Upon determining that the activation signal is received, the controller commands an air purifier of an air purification system to activate to purify airflow traveling through the air purification system, and commands an air-moving fan / blower to operate to direct the airflow into the space. Upon determining that the activation signal is not received, the controller commands the air-moving fan / blower and the air purifier to deactivate.

[0012] In another embodiment, a system for purifying air within a space is provided. The system includes an air sterilization system and a controller. The air sterilization system includes an air sterilizer configured to purify an airflow traveling through the system. The system includes an air-moving fan / blower configured to direct the airflow into the space. The controller is configured to determine whether an activation signal is received. Upon determining that the activation signal is received, the controller is configured to: command the air sterilizer to activate to purify the airflow traveling through the system; and command the air-moving fan / blower to operate to direct the airflow into the space. Upon determining that the activation signal is not received, the controller is configured to command the air-moving fan / blower and the air sterilizer to deactivate.

[0013] In another embodiment, a method for purifying air within a climate-controlled space is provided. The method includes a controller determining whether an activation signal is received. Upon determining that the activation signal is received, the controller commands an air purifier of an air purification system to activate to purify airflow traveling through the air purification system, and commands an air-moving fan / blower of a climate control system to operate to direct the airflow into the climate-controlled space. Upon determining that the activation signal is not received, the controller commands the air-moving fan / blower and the air purifier to shut down.

[0014] In another embodiment, a system for purifying air within a climate-controlled space is provided. The system includes an air disinfection system, a climate control system, and a controller. The air disinfection system includes an air purifier configured to purify an airflow traveling through the system. The climate control system includes an air-moving fan / blower configured to direct the airflow into the climate-controlled space. The controller is configured to determine whether an activation signal is received. Upon determining that the activation signal is received, the controller is configured to: command the air purifier to activate to purify the airflow traveling through the air disinfection system; and command the air-moving fan / blower to operate to direct the airflow into the climate-controlled space. Upon determining that the activation signal is not received, the controller is configured to command the air-moving fan / blower and the air purifier to shut down. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Referring to the accompanying drawings, which form part of this disclosure, and illustrating embodiments in which the systems and methods described in this specification can be implemented.

[0016] Figure 1A The illustration shows a perspective view of a public transport vehicle including a transport climate control system according to one embodiment.

[0017] Figure 1B The illustration shows a perspective view of a vehicle with an APU according to one embodiment.

[0018] Figure 1C The illustration shows a front perspective view of an APU according to one embodiment.

[0019] Figure 1D The illustration shows a perspective view of a climate-controlled transport unit attached to a tractor according to one embodiment.

[0020] Figure 2 The illustration shows a block diagram of a public transport vehicle including an air disinfection system and a transport climate control system according to one embodiment.

[0021] Figure 3 The illustration shows a control according to one embodiment. Figure 2 The flowchart illustrates the operation of the air disinfection system and the transportation climate control system.

[0022] Figure 4 The illustration depicts a method for tracking according to one embodiment. Figure 2 The flowchart illustrates the method for demonstrating the effectiveness of the air disinfection system.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a refrigeration circuit that can be implemented in an HVACR system according to one embodiment.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a partially cut-away perspective view illustrating the air handling unit of an HVACR system with a centrifugal fan according to one embodiment.

[0025] The same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout. Detailed Implementation

[0026] This disclosure relates to methods and systems for disinfecting air regulated by a climate control system.

[0027] It should be understood that the embodiments described herein can be applied to both transport climate control applications and residential and commercial HVAC applications.

[0028] Transportation climate control systems are typically used to control one or more environmental conditions of a transportation unit, such as, but not limited to, temperature, humidity, air quality, or combinations thereof. Examples of transportation units include, but are not limited to, trucks, containers (such as flatbed containers, intermodal containers, ocean containers, rail containers, etc.), vans, semi-tractor-trailers, public transport vehicles (such as passenger buses, passenger trains, etc.), or other similar transportation units. Climate-controlled transportation units can be used to transport perishable goods, such as pharmaceuticals, agricultural products, frozen foods, and meat products, and / or can be used to provide climate comfort for passengers in the passenger space of public transport vehicles. Transportation climate control systems can include vapor-compressor type climate control systems, heat storage type systems, or any other suitable climate control system that can use working fluids (e.g., refrigerants), cold plate technology, etc.

[0029] A transport climate control system may include a climate control unit (CCU) attached to the transport unit to control one or more environmental conditions (e.g., temperature, humidity, air quality, etc.) in the climate-controlled space of the climate-controlled transport unit. The CCU may, without limitation, include: a climate control loop (including, for example, a compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator configured to compress a working fluid (e.g., refrigerant)) and one or more fans or blowers to control heat exchange between the air within the climate-controlled space and the ambient air outside the climate-controlled transport unit.

[0030] Figure 1A , Figure 1B and Figure 1D Various different transport climate control systems are illustrated. It should be understood that the embodiments described herein are not limited to the examples provided below, but can be applied to any type of transport unit (e.g., trucks, containers (such as flatbed containers, intermodal containers, ocean containers, etc.), vans, semi-tractor-trailers, passenger buses, or other similar transport units).

[0031] Figure 1A This is a perspective view of a public transport vehicle 1 including a climate control system according to one embodiment. Figure 1A In the embodiment illustrated, vehicle 1 is a public transport bus that can transport one or more passengers (not shown) to one or more destinations. In other embodiments, vehicle 1 may be a school bus, rail vehicle, subway vehicle, or other commercial vehicle that carries passengers. In the following, the term "public transport vehicle" should be used to refer to all such vehicles and should not be construed as limiting the application to public transport buses.

[0032] Figure 1AThe diagram shows a vehicle 1 comprising a frame 2, a passenger compartment 3 supported by the frame 2, wheels 4, and a carriage 5. The frame 2 includes a door 6 positioned on one side of the vehicle 1. Figure 1A As shown, the first door 6 is located near the front of the vehicle 1, and the second door 6 is positioned on the frame 2 towards the rear of the vehicle 1. Each door 6 is movable between an open position and a closed position to selectively allow access to the passenger compartment 3.

[0033] Vehicle 1 also includes a climate control unit 7, which is attached to frame 2 on the roof 8 of vehicle 1. The climate control unit 7 is a component of a transportation climate control system (not shown) configured to provide climate control within the passenger compartment 3. In some embodiments, the climate control unit 7 may include a climate control loop (not shown) having one or more fans / blowers to provide climate-conditioned air within the passenger compartment 3. The climate control unit 7 may be integrated with an air disinfection system (see [link to relevant documentation]) configured to purify the air within the passenger compartment 3. Figure 2 ( ) combination. Although the climate control unit 7 is shown as a roof mount mounted on the roof 8, it should be understood that in other embodiments the climate control unit 7 may be located on other sides of the vehicle 1 (e.g., mounted to the rear end of the vehicle 1).

[0034] The carriage 5 is located near the rear end of the vehicle 1 and may include a power system (not shown) coupled to the frame 2 to drive the wheels 4. In some embodiments, the carriage 5 may be located at other locations on the vehicle 1 (e.g., adjacent to the front end, etc.).

[0035] Figure 1B The illustration depicts a vehicle 10 according to one embodiment. Vehicle 10 is a semi-tractor unit used to transport goods stored in a cargo compartment (e.g., a container, trailer, etc.) to one or more destinations. Hereinafter, the term "vehicle" will be used to refer to all such tractors and trucks and should not be construed as limiting the application of the invention to tractor-trailer combinations. In some embodiments, vehicle 10 may be, for example, a straight truck, a van, etc.

[0036] Vehicle 10 includes: a power source 20, a compartment 25 defining a sleep section 30 and a drive section 35, an APU 40, and various vehicle accessory components 45 (e.g., electronic communication devices, compartment lights, primary and / or secondary HVAC systems, one or more primary and / or secondary HVAC fans, one or more sun visors for the windows / windshields of vehicle 10, compartment accessories, etc.). The compartment 25 is accessible via a driver's side door (not shown) and a passenger side door 32. The compartment 25 may include a primary HVAC system (not shown) and a secondary HVAC system (not shown), the primary HVAC system being configured to provide conditioned air within the drive section 35 and potentially throughout the compartment 25, and the secondary HVAC system being used to provide conditioned air within the sleep section 30 of the compartment 25. In some embodiments, the secondary HVAC system may be integrated with an air sterilization system (see...). Figure 2 The air purification system is configured to purify the air within the sleeping section 30 of the compartment 25. The compartment 25 may also include multiple compartment accessories (not shown). Examples of compartment accessories may include, for example, a refrigerator, a television, a video game console, a microwave oven, one or more device charging stations, a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machine, a coffee maker, and a secondary HVAC system for supplying conditioned air to the sleeping section 30.

[0037] The main power source 20 can provide sufficient power to operate (e.g., drive) the vehicle 10 and any of the various vehicle accessory components 45 and cabin accessory components 47. The main power source 20 can also power the primary HVAC system and the secondary HVAC system. In some embodiments, the main power source can be a host machine, such as a combustion engine (e.g., a diesel engine, etc.).

[0038] APU 40 is a secondary power unit for vehicle 10 when primary power source 20 is unavailable. For example, when primary power source 20 is unavailable, APU 40 may be configured to provide power to one or more of vehicle accessory components, cabin accessories, primary HVAC systems, and secondary HVAC systems. In some embodiments, APU 40 may be a powered APU. In other embodiments, APU 40 may be a host-powered APU. APU 40 may be attached to vehicle 10 using any attachment method. In some embodiments, APU 40 may be turned on (i.e., activated) or off (i.e., deactivated) by an occupant of vehicle 10 (e.g., driver or passenger). APU 40 typically does not provide sufficient power for operating (i.e., driving) vehicle 10. APU 40 may be controlled by APU controller 41.

[0039] Figure 1C The illustration depicts a vehicle (e.g., according to one embodiment) that can be used with a vehicle. Figure 1BThe vehicle 10 shown uses an electric APU 140 together with it. The APU 140 includes a plurality of energy storage elements 60, each of which is coupled to one of a plurality of converters 70. The converters 70 can supply the electricity generated by the APU 140 (e.g., AC or DC power) to one or more vehicle accessory components, cabin accessory components, a main HVAC system, and a secondary HVAC system. The secondary HVAC system can supply power to the sleeping section of the vehicle cabin (e.g., ...). Figure 1B The sleeping section 30 of the shown compartment 25 is provided with conditioned air. The energy storage element 60 may be, for example, a battery pack, a fuel cell, etc. In some embodiments, the APU 140 may be turned on or off by vehicle occupants (e.g., a driver or passenger). For example, when the vehicle's main power source is turned off, the occupants may turn on the APU 140 to provide power stored in the energy storage element 60. It should be understood that the embodiments described herein can also be used with a host-powered APU.

[0040] In some embodiments, the APU (e.g., such as...) Figure 1B The APU 40 shown and / or as Figure 1C The APU140 shown includes the vehicle's electrical system.

[0041] Figure 1D An embodiment of a climate-controlled transport unit 105 attached to a tractor unit 110 is illustrated. The climate-controlled transport unit 105 includes a climate control system 100 for a transport unit 125. The tractor unit 120 is attached to the transport unit 125 and configured to tow the transport unit 125. Figure 1D The transport unit 125 shown is a trailer. It should be understood that the embodiments described herein are not limited to tractor units and trailer units, but can be applied to any type of transport unit (e.g., a container on a flatbed, a multimodal container, etc.), truck, van, or other similar transport unit. Transport unit 125 may include one or more doors (not shown) that are movable between an open position and a closed position to selectively allow access to the climate-controlled space 150.

[0042] The climate control system 100 includes a climate control unit (CCU) 110 that provides environmental control (e.g., temperature, humidity, air quality, etc.) within the climate-controlled space 150 of the transport unit 125. The climate control system 100 also includes a climate controller 170 and one or more sensors (not shown) configured to measure one or more parameters of the climate control system 100 and transmit the parameter data to the climate controller 170.

[0043] The CCU 110 is disposed on the front wall 130 of the transport unit 125. In other embodiments, it should be understood that the CCU 110 may be disposed, for example, on the roof or other wall of the transport unit 125. The CCU 110 includes a climate control loop (not shown) for regulating the air to be supplied within the climate-controlled space 150. The CCU 110 may also include a power system (see [link to relevant documentation]). Figure 2 This power system supplies power to components of the climate control system 100, such as compressors, one or more fans and blowers, one or more sensors, one or more solenoid valves, etc. The CCU 110 can be integrated with an air sterilization system (see...). Figure 2 This air disinfection system is configured to purify the air within a climate-controlled space of 150.

[0044] The programmable climate controller 170 may include a single integrated control unit 160, or a distributed network that may include climate controller elements 160, 165. The number of distributed control elements in a given network may depend on the specific application of the principles described herein. The climate controller 170 is configured to control the operation of the climate control system 100.

[0045] Figure 2 The illustration shows a block diagram of a public transport vehicle 200 according to one embodiment, including an air disinfection system 210 and a transport climate control system 230. The public transport vehicle 200 can be, for example, Figure 1A The public transport vehicle 1 is shown. Public transport vehicle 200 includes a climate-controlled space 202 for transporting one or more passengers traveling in public transport vehicle 200. Public transport vehicle 200 may be, for example, a public transport bus (e.g., a school bus, city bus, etc.), a rail vehicle, a subway vehicle, or other public transport vehicle that carries passengers.

[0046] It should be understood that this article is about Figure 2 The described embodiments are not limited to public transport vehicles, and can be combined with, for example, public transport vehicles. Figure 1B Vehicle 10 shown Figure 1D This is used in conjunction with other transport units, such as the climate-controlled transport unit 105 shown. It will also be understood that this document relates to... Figure 2 The described embodiments can also be applied to non-transportation applications (e.g., residential HVAC applications, commercial HVAC applications, etc.).

[0047] The public transport vehicle 200 also includes two air delivery ducts 205. The climate-controlled space 202 may be a passenger compartment for passengers to travel within the public transport vehicle 200. The climate-controlled space 202 may optionally include one or more pollution sensors 224 configured to monitor air quality (e.g., pollution) within the climate-controlled space 202. The one or more pollution sensors 224 may include one or more indoor air quality (IAQ) sensors and / or one or more pollutant sensors. In some embodiments, the one or more IAQ sensors may measure, for example, CO2, total volatile organic compounds, particulate matter, temperature, humidity, etc., within the climate-controlled space 202. In some embodiments, the one or more pollutant sensors may measure and identify specific types of pollutants in the air.

[0048] Air delivery duct 205 is in airflow communication with both the climate-controlled space 202 and the climate control unit 235 of the transport climate control system 230. Air delivery duct 205 is configured to distribute climate-controlled air generated by the climate control unit 235 into the climate-controlled space 202. Each air delivery duct in duct 205 may include multiple openings (not shown) for distributing the climate-controlled air substantially uniformly within the climate-controlled space 202. While the public transport vehicle 200 includes two air delivery ducts 205, it should be understood that the number of air delivery ducts 205 may vary depending on the needs of the public transport vehicle 200. For example, in another embodiment, the public transport vehicle 200 may include only a single air delivery duct 205. In some embodiments, the public transport vehicle 200 may also include one or more fresh air dampers (not shown) that can provide fresh air (e.g., ambient air outside the public transport vehicle 200) downstream of the evaporator coil 240 of the climate control unit 235. It should be understood that public transport vehicle 200 may also include one or more doors and / or windows (not shown), which may also introduce fresh air into climate-controlled space 202.

[0049] Air sterilization system 210 includes a filter 215 and an air sterilizer 220. Filter 215 may include a filter medium configured to capture contaminants (e.g., dust particles) from an airflow traveling through it. In some embodiments, the filter medium may be a fabric filter medium. In some embodiments, filter 215 may have a multi-layered structure. In some embodiments, an antimicrobial coating may be applied to filter 215. In some embodiments, filter 215 may be a replaceable filter. It should be understood that the size of particles that can be captured by filter 215 may vary, for example, based on a Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value (MERV) rating. In some embodiments, filter 215 may be a MERV 7 filter. In some embodiments, filter 215 may be an electrostatic filter.

[0050] Air purifier 220 is configured to purify the airflow directed into the climate-controlled space 202. Figure 2 In the illustrated embodiment, the air purifier 220 is configured to purify an airflow that has first traveled through filter 215 and is currently traveling through the climate control unit 235 of the transport climate control system 230. Specifically, the air purifier 220 can attack volatile organic compounds (e.g., airborne viruses and bacteria) in the airflow traveling through it. In some embodiments, the air purifier 220 can be a photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) air purifier that emits hydroxyl groups, H2O2, ions, etc., that can attack any volatile organic compounds traveling through it. Specifically, the PCO air purifier includes a photoactivated catalyst configured to react with organic pollutants to oxidize them into non-toxic substances.

[0051] In some embodiments, the PCO air purifier may be a graphene-based PCO air purifier that uses a graphene-enhanced titanium dioxide catalyst to generate local hydroxyl groups, which can attack volatile organic compounds (VOCs) when they come into contact with the air purifier 220. In some embodiments, the PCO air purifier may use ultraviolet (UV) light to excite and activate the catalyst (e.g., a graphene-enhanced titanium dioxide catalyst) to initiate a chemical reaction. The use of graphene can increase the amount of surface area applied to the titanium dioxide, thereby creating more surface area for UV light irradiation and thus increasing the amount of hydroxyl groups generated. In some embodiments, one or more light-emitting diodes (LEDs), one or more mercury lamps, etc., may be used to generate UV light. In some embodiments, the UV light may produce light at ~390 nm (e.g., when using one or more LEDs, the generated UV light may have a peak at about 395 nm). An advantage of using LEDs is that LEDs can be safer than other types of light sources, such as mercury bulbs, which can become dangerous if mercury leaks from or is otherwise removed from the bulb.

[0052] In some embodiments, the PCO air purifier of the air sterilizer 220 may include multiple LED panels. In some embodiments, each LED panel may include multiple LED circuits. For example, in one embodiment, each LED panel may include four LED circuits. In some embodiments, each LED panel of the multiple LED panels of the air sterilizer 220 may be controlled independently (e.g., turned on or off), such that not all LED panels in the LED panel are turned on simultaneously. In some embodiments, the air sterilizer 220 may be a low-voltage device that requires, for example, ~24VDC or lower voltage to operate.

[0053] In some embodiments, the air sterilizer 220 may include, for example, an ultraviolet germicidal radiation (UVGI) air purifier, a bipolar ion generator, a dry hydrogen peroxide generator, an ozone generator, etc.

[0054] It should be understood that in embodiments where the air sterilizer 220 emits, for example, hydroxyl groups, certain types of contaminants (e.g., halogens, such as chlorine, fluorine, etc.) may become more toxic or hazardous when reacting with hydroxyl groups (e.g., when oxidized). Therefore, embodiments may exist in which the air sterilizer 220 can be shut down when the level of certain types of contaminants is detected by one or more contaminant sensors (of one or more contaminant sensors 224).

[0055] The air sterilization system 220 may optionally include one or more operation sensors 222 that monitor the operation of the air sterilizer 220 to ensure proper operation. In some embodiments, the one or more operation sensors 222 are configured to monitor one or more operating parameters of the air sterilizer 220. In some embodiments, the one or more operation sensors 222 may include one or more current sensors configured to monitor the current drawn by each of the plurality of LED panels and / or each of the plurality of LED circuits. In some embodiments, the one or more operation sensors 222 may include one or more power sensors configured to monitor the power drawn by each of the plurality of LED panels and / or each of the plurality of LED circuits. In some embodiments, the one or more operation sensors 222 may include one or more UV light sensors configured to monitor the intensity of UV light. In some embodiments, the one or more operation sensors 222 may include one or more brightness sensors configured to monitor the brightness of each of the plurality of LED panels and / or each of the plurality of LED circuits. In some embodiments, one or more operation sensors 222 may be replaced by, for example, one or more contamination sensors 224, or used in combination with, for example, one or more contamination sensors 224.

[0056] In some embodiments, the transport climate control system 230 and the air sterilization system 210 are configured such that a majority (if not all) portion of the airflow traveling through the evaporator coil 240 must also travel through the air sterilizer 220. In some embodiments, this can be achieved by mounting the air sterilizer 220 directly to the evaporator coil 240 such that the air sterilizer 220 covers the entire evaporator coil 240. In these embodiments, a majority (if not all) portion of the airflow may travel through the air sterilizer 220 before traveling through the evaporator coil 240, or may travel through the evaporator coil 240 before traveling through the air sterilizer 220. In some embodiments, the air sterilizer 220 may be located in other locations within the passenger vehicle 200, such as anywhere within the air delivery duct 205. In these embodiments, the air sterilizer 220 may also be configured such that a majority (if not all) portion of the airflow directed to the climate-controlled space 202 travels through the air sterilizer 220.

[0057] It should be understood that public transport vehicles 200 can have high airflow rates within the climate-controlled space 202. The applicant has found that hydroxyl groups, H2O2, ions, etc., emitted from a typical PCO air purifier may not survive long enough to travel from, for example, the evaporator coil 240 to the air-moving fan / blower 245, through the air delivery duct 205, and into the climate-controlled space 202 due to the length of their journey and the high airflow rate. By providing an embodiment where the air sterilizer 220 covers the entire evaporator coil 240, the air sterilization system 210 can require all airflow traveling through the evaporator coil 240 to be first directed through the air sterilizer 220 to ensure that all conditioned air entering the climate-controlled space is purified as it travels through the air sterilizer 220. Accordingly, any hydroxyl groups, H2O2, ions, etc., emitted by the air sterilizer 220 do not need to, or are not intended to, travel to and enter the climate-controlled space 202 to attack any volatile organic compounds in the air supplied within the climate-controlled space 202. This prevents any harmful volatile organic compounds or ozone emitted by the air disinfection system 210 into the climate-controlled space 202.

[0058] The transportation climate control system 230 includes a climate control unit 235, a controller 255, and multiple climate control sensors (not shown). In some embodiments, the transportation climate control system 230 may further include: a human-machine interface (HMI) configured to allow a user to manually communicate with and / or provide instructions to the transportation climate control system 230; and a telematics unit configured to wirelessly connect the transportation climate control system 230 to one or more users and / or one or more remote servers located remotely from the public transport vehicle 200. The climate control unit 235 includes an evaporator coil 240 and multiple air-moving fans / blowers 245. The climate control unit 235 may also include a climate control loop (not shown) including, for example, a compressor configured to compress a working fluid (e.g., refrigerant), a condenser coil, the evaporator coil 240, and an expansion valve. The climate control loop may include other components known in the art for regulating air to be directed into a climate-controlled space (e.g., one or more valves, receiver tanks, economizers, working fluid lines, etc.). The climate control unit 235 may also include one or more condenser fans configured to direct air that is in heat exchange with the condenser coils from the climate control unit 235 to the environment outside the public transport vehicle 200. Climate control sensors may be installed throughout the public transport vehicle 200 and monitor one or more climate control parameters. For example, the climate control sensors may include: a return air temperature sensor that monitors the temperature of air returning from the climate-controlled space 202 to the climate control unit 235; a supply air temperature sensor that monitors the temperature of air supplied by the CCU 235 to the climate-controlled space 202; a humidity sensor that monitors the humidity within the climate-controlled space 202; an ambient temperature sensor that monitors the temperature outside the public transport vehicle 200; a compressor suction pressure sensor that monitors the pressure at or near the compressor suction port; a compressor discharge pressure sensor that monitors the pressure at or near the compressor discharge port; and so on.

[0059] An air-moving fan / blower 245 is configured to direct airflow into the air delivery duct 205. The air-moving fan / blower 245 may be, for example, an evaporator fan or blower configured to direct conditioned air, which has undergone heat exchange while traveling through the evaporator coil 240, into the air delivery duct 205. It should be understood that the number of air-moving fans / blowers 245 may vary based on the needs of the transport climate control system 230. For example, in some embodiments, the climate control unit 235 may include only a single air-moving fan / blower 245. In some embodiments, the air-moving fan / blower 245 may operate at multiple non-zero speeds (e.g., low speed, medium speed, and high speed). In some embodiments, the low speed may be in the range of ~45%-63% of the maximum speed of the air-moving fan / blower 245. In some embodiments, the medium speed may be in the range of ~55%-75% of the maximum speed of the air-moving fan / blower 245. In some embodiments, the high speed can be in the range of ~65%-88% of the maximum speed of the air-moving fan / blower 245. In some embodiments, the high speed can be approximately 100% of the maximum speed of the air-moving fan / blower 245. In some embodiments, the air-moving fan / blower 245 can be a variable-speed air-moving fan / blower operating along a gradient range of non-zero speeds. In some embodiments, the air-moving fan / blower 245 can be a low-voltage device requiring, for example, ~24VDC or lower voltage to operate. Although Figure 2 Two air-moving fans / blowers 245 are shown, but it should be understood that in some embodiments, the climate control unit 235 may include a single air-moving fan / blower 245 or more than three air-moving fans / blowers 245.

[0060] Controller 255 is configured to control the operation of the transport climate control system 230 and also the air disinfection system 210. Specifically, controller 255 is in electrical communication with air-moving fan / blower 245, compressor, one or more condenser fans, one or more valves, etc. Accordingly, controller 255 can control the operation of the transport climate control system by controlling the operation of the air-moving fan / blower 245, compressor, one or more condenser fans, valves, etc. That is, controller 255 can control whether the air-moving fan / blower 245, compressor, one or more condenser fans, one or more valves, etc., are turned on or off. Controller 255 can also control the speed of the air-moving fan / blower 245, compressor, one or more condenser fans, etc. In addition, controller 255 can control the opening size of the one or more valves. Controller 255 is configured to receive climate control parameter data from one or more climate control sensors. It should be understood that controller 255 can use the climate control parameter data to control the operation of the transport climate control system 230 and the air disinfection system 210.

[0061] In some embodiments, the controller 255 can also control the operation of the air sterilizer 220. Specifically, the controller 255 is in electrical communication with the air sterilizer 220. Accordingly, the controller 255 can turn the air sterilizer 220 on or off as needed, and control the amount of power directed to the air sterilizer 220. In some embodiments, the controller 255 can selectively turn on and off or limit the power supplied to the individual LED panels of the air sterilizer 220 when the air sterilizer 220 is operating. For example, in some embodiments, the controller 255 can selectively turn off or limit the power directed to a certain number of LED panels when the air sterilizer 220 is operating to reduce the purification capacity of the air sterilizer 220. The controller 255 can selectively turn off or reduce the power to a certain number of LED panels when the air sterilizer 220 is operating to reduce the energy consumption of the air sterilizer 220 during periods when, for example, public transport vehicles 200 may be lightly loaded, or during periods when the risk of pollution is low in climate-controlled spaces. Furthermore, the controller 255 can rotate which of the plurality of LED panels is on and off or has reduced power to achieve uniform aging of the air sterilizer 220. In some embodiments, the controller 255 is configured to receive operating parameter data from one or more operating sensors 222.

[0062] In some embodiments, the controller 255 can control the transport climate control system 230 and the air sterilization system 210 in a variety of different operating modes. For example, these operating modes may include: a continuous cooling mode in which the compressor operates continuously to provide cooling to the climate-controlled space 202; a start-stop cooling mode in which the compressor is periodically turned on and off while providing cooling to the climate-controlled space 202; a heating mode in which the compressor is used to provide heating to the climate-controlled space 202; a defrosting mode in which the defrosting mode is used to defrost the evaporator coil 240; an air sterilization mode in which the air in the climate-controlled space 202 is purified by operating the air-moving fan / blower 245 at high speed; and so on.

[0063] In some embodiments, the controller 255 can communicate with the public transport vehicle 200, the HMI of the transport climate control system 230, the telematics unit of the transport climate control system 230, etc. In some embodiments, when the public transport vehicle has been started, the controller 255 can receive communication signals from the public transport vehicle 200. For example, the controller can receive a signal from the public transport vehicle 200 that the ignition switch of the public transport vehicle 200 has been turned on.

[0064] Figure 2 Arrows are shown to illustrate how airflow is directed through public transport vehicle 200 according to one embodiment. Specifically, air in the climate-controlled space travels to climate control unit 235 and through filter 215. The airflow through filter 215 is then directed through air sterilizer 220 for purification, and then travels through evaporator coil 240 for conditioning. Air-moving fan / blower 245 then directs the purified and conditioned airflow through the evaporator coil and into air delivery duct 205. Air delivery duct 205 then returns the purified and conditioned air to the climate-controlled space 202. References below Figure 3 This describes one embodiment of a method for operating an air disinfection system 210 and a transportation climate control system 230. Furthermore, the following references... Figure 4 An embodiment of a method for tracking the effectiveness of an air disinfection system 210 is described below.

[0065] Figure 3 The illustration shows a control according to one embodiment. Figure 2 A flowchart of the method 300 for operating the air disinfection system 210 and the transportation climate control system 230 shown.

[0066] It should be understood that the content of this article regarding Figure 3The embodiments described in method 300 are not limited to operating an air disinfection system for public transportation vehicles, and can be combined with, for example, an air disinfection system for public transportation vehicles. Figure 1B Vehicle 10 shown Figure 1D This is used in conjunction with other transport units, such as the climate-controlled transport unit 105 shown. It will also be understood that the information described herein... Figure 3 The embodiments described in method 300 shown can also be applied to non-transportation applications (e.g., residential HVAC applications, commercial HVAC applications, etc.).

[0067] Method 300 begins at 305, whereby controller 255 receives an ON signal. In some embodiments, the ON signal may indicate that public transport vehicle 200 has been started. For example, in some embodiments, the ON signal may be a signal indicating that the ignition switch of public transport vehicle 200 has been turned on. In some embodiments, the ON signal may indicate that the APU (e.g., APU 40, 140) has been turned on. When controller 255 does not receive an ON signal, method 300 proceeds to 310. When controller 255 receives an ON signal, method 300 proceeds to 315.

[0068] At 310, controller 255 instructs one or more components of the transport climate control system 230 (e.g., one or more of the air-moving fan / blower 245, compressor, one or more condenser fans, one or more valves, etc.) and air sterilizer 220 to be shut down. For example, in some embodiments, controller 255 may command the air-moving fan / blower 245, compressor, and air sterilizer 220 to shut down. Method 300 then returns to 305.

[0069] At 315, controller 255 determines whether an air disinfection mode has been requested. In some embodiments, an operator may manually request the air disinfection mode via, for example, a vehicle controller, HMI, telematics unit, etc., of passenger vehicle 200. The instruction may then be sent to controller 255 via, for example, a Controller Area Network (CAN) message. In some embodiments, the air disinfection mode may be requested automatically. For example, controller 255 may automatically request the air disinfection mode when the public transport vehicle is initially started. In one embodiment, once an activation signal is received at 305, controller 255 may automatically request the air disinfection mode to operate for a set duration (e.g., 10 minutes). Thus, for example, the air in the climate-controlled space 202 may be purified before the first trip of the public transport vehicle 200 for the day. In another embodiment, controller 255 may automatically request the air disinfection mode to operate for a set duration (e.g., 10 minutes) over a longer period (e.g., per hour). In yet another example, controller 255 may monitor one or more pollution sensors 224. When the indoor air quality (e.g., pollution) level in the climate-controlled space 202 exceeds a preset indoor air quality threshold, the controller 255 can automatically request an air disinfection mode to purify / clean the air in the climate-controlled space 202. Depending on the indoor air quality level, the controller 255 can also send alarms / maintenance notifications to the user via an HMI, telematics unit, etc.

[0070] When controller 255 determines that an air disinfection mode has been requested, method 300 proceeds to 320. When controller 255 determines that an air disinfection mode has not been requested, method 300 proceeds to 325.

[0071] At 320, controller 255 commands the air sterilization system 210 and the transportation climate control system 230 to operate in air sterilization mode. Specifically, controller 255 commands the air sterilizer 220 to turn on and commands the air-moving fan / blower 245 to operate at high speed to increase the speed at which the air sterilization system 210 can purify the air within the climate-controlled space 202. Controller 255 can also command other components of the transportation climate control system 230 (e.g., compressor, one or more condenser fans, one or more valves, etc.) to operate as previously commanded, for example, for climate control purposes. If climate control is not required, controller 255 can command other components of the transportation climate control system (e.g., compressor, one or more condenser fans, one or more valves, etc.) to turn off. In some embodiments, controller 255 can also reduce the speed of the air-moving fan / blower 245 when energy savings are desired. Accordingly, a continuous high-speed airflow of purified air can be achieved within the climate-controlled space 202.

[0072] At 325, controller 255 determines whether climate control is needed to regulate the air in the climate-controlled space 202. In some embodiments, controller 255 may obtain climate control parameter data from one or more climate control sensors to monitor one or more climate control parameters. Climate control parameters may be used, at least in part, to determine whether regulated air is needed in the climate-controlled space 202. For example, climate control parameters may include: return air temperature of air returning from the climate-controlled space 202 to the climate control unit 235; supply air temperature of air supplied to the climate-controlled space 202 by the CCU 235; humidity within the climate-controlled space 202; ambient temperature outside the public transport vehicle 200; compressor suction pressure at or near the compressor suction port; compressor discharge pressure at or near the compressor discharge port; etc. One or more climate control parameters may be compared to thresholds to determine whether climate control is needed in the climate-controlled space 202. For example, the return air temperature may be compared to a desired setpoint temperature or ambient temperature. When the difference between the return air temperature and the desired setpoint temperature (or ambient temperature) is outside a boundary range (e.g., 5°F), the controller 255 determines that climate control is required. When the difference between the return air temperature and the desired setpoint temperature is within the boundary range, the controller 255 determines that climate control is not required. In another example, the compressor suction pressure or compressor discharge pressure can be compared to a preset pressure threshold. When the compressor discharge pressure or compressor suction pressure exceeds the preset pressure threshold, the controller 255 can determine that climate control is required. When the compressor discharge pressure or compressor suction pressure does not exceed the preset pressure threshold, the controller 255 can determine that climate control is not required.

[0073] When controller 255 determines that climate control is needed to regulate the air in the climate-controlled space 202, method 300 proceeds to 330. When controller 255 determines that climate control is not needed to regulate the air in the climate-controlled space 202, method 300 proceeds to 335.

[0074] At 330, controller 255 determines the amount of climate control required to regulate the climate-controlled space 202 and sends appropriate instructions to components of the transport climate control system 230 (e.g., air-moving fan / blower 245, compressor, one or more condenser fans, one or more valves, etc.). This includes controller 255 commanding air-moving device 245 to turn on and operate at the desired non-zero speed (e.g., low speed, medium speed, high speed, etc.). Accordingly, transport climate control system 230 can provide passenger comfort for passengers in the climate-controlled space 202. Controller 255 also commands air sterilizer 220 to turn on to purify the conditioned air entering the climate-controlled space 202. In some embodiments, when the indoor air quality level in the climate-controlled space 202 exceeds a preset indoor air quality threshold, controller 255 may also monitor one or more pollution sensors 224 and increase the speed of air-moving fan / blower 245. Depending on the indoor air quality level, controller 255 may also communicate alarms / maintenance notifications to users via HMI, telematics unit, etc. In some embodiments, when energy savings are desired, controller 255 may also reduce the speed of air-moving fan / blower 245. Method 330 then returns to 315.

[0075] At 335, controller 255 commands the air sterilizer 220 to turn on and commands the air-moving fan / blower 245 to operate at a predetermined speed. In some embodiments, the predetermined speed may be a low speed of the air-moving fan / blower 245. In some embodiments, the predetermined speed may be a speed lower than the high speed of the air-moving fan / blower 245. Controller 255 may also command one or more other components of the transport climate control system 230 (e.g., one or more of the compressor, one or more condenser fans, one or more valves, etc.) to shut down. For example, in some embodiments, controller 255 may command the compressor to shut down. Accordingly, the purified air can still be directed to the climate-controlled space 202 without requiring conditioning of the purified air. In some embodiments, controller 255 may also monitor one or more pollution sensors 224 and increase the speed of the air-moving fan / blower 245 when the indoor air quality level in the climate-controlled space 202 exceeds a preset indoor air quality threshold. Depending on the indoor air quality level, controller 255 may also communicate alarms / maintenance notifications to the user via HMI, telematics unit, etc. Method 300 then returns to 315.

[0076] In some embodiments, throughout method 300, controller 255 may also monitor one or more pollution sensors 224 for the specific type of problematic particles (e.g., halogen particles) and shut down the air sterilizer 220 when a level of the problematic particle type is identified. Additionally, in some embodiments, throughout method 300, controller 255 may monitor one or more pollution sensors 224 for the overall level of pollution in a climate-controlled space and shut down the air sterilizer 220 when the level of pollution detected in the climate-controlled space exceeds a clean air threshold.

[0077] It should be understood that in some embodiments, 315 and 320 may be optional, such that when the controller 255 receives an activation signal, method 300 may proceed directly to 325. Furthermore, in some embodiments, when the controller 255 receives an activation signal, method 300 may proceed directly to 335 to operate the air-moving fan / blower 245 and activate the air sterilizer 220, and then proceed from 335 to 325 to determine whether climate control is required.

[0078] An advantage of method 300 is that the air-moving fan / blower 245 is controlled to operate whenever the public transport vehicle 200 is started, in order to provide a constant airflow within the climate-controlled space. Another advantage of method 300 is that the air sterilizer 220 is always on (i.e., in use) when airflow exists within the climate-controlled space. Accordingly, purified air can be provided to the climate-controlled space 202 whenever the public transport vehicle 200 is started, regardless of whether the transport climate control system 230 is regulating the airflow. Furthermore, it should be understood that in some embodiments, when the air sterilizer 220 is operating (e.g., in 320, 330, and 335), the controller 255 can selectively turn the individual LED panels of the air sterilizer 220 on and off, or reduce the power, to reduce the energy consumption of the air sterilizer 220.

[0079] Figure 4 The illustration depicts a method for tracking according to one embodiment. Figure 2 The flowchart shows a method 400 for assessing the effectiveness of the air disinfection system 210.

[0080] It should be understood that this article is about Figure 4 The embodiments described in method 400 are not limited to operating an air disinfection system for public transportation vehicles, and can be combined with, for example, Figure 1B Vehicle 10 shown Figure 1D This is used in conjunction with other transport units, such as the climate-controlled transport unit 105 shown. It should also be understood that this document relates to... Figure 4The embodiments described in method 400 shown can also be applied to non-transportation applications (e.g., residential HVAC applications, commercial HVAC applications, etc.).

[0081] Method 400 begins at 405, whereby controller 255 determines whether the air sterilizer 220 has been commanded to operate. When controller 255 determines that the air sterilizer 220 has been commanded to operate, method 400 proceeds to 410. When controller 255 determines that the air sterilizer 220 has not been commanded to operate, method 400 returns to 405.

[0082] At 410, controller 255 monitors one or more operating parameters of the air sterilizer 220. In some embodiments, controller 255 may monitor one or more operating parameters of the air sterilizer 220 by receiving operating parameter data from one or more operating sensors 222 and / or one or more pollution sensors 224. The one or more operating parameters may include, for example: current draw data from the air sterilizer 220 as a whole, and / or from each of the multiple LED panels, and / or from each of the multiple LED circuits; power draw data from the air sterilizer 220 as a whole, and / or from each of the multiple LED panels, and / or from each of the multiple LED circuits; luminous intensity data for each of the one or more UV lamps; brightness data for each of the multiple LED panels and / or each of the multiple LED circuits; indoor air quality data within the climate-controlled space 202; etc. Method 400 then proceeds to 415.

[0083] At 415, controller 255 calculates the amount or percentage of efficiency loss of the air purifier 220 based on the monitored operating data obtained at 410. For example, in some embodiments, the monitored current / power draw data can be compared with the expected current / power draw of the air purifier 220. The difference between the monitored current / power draw and the expected current / power draw can be used to calculate the percentage of current / power reduction of the air purifier 220 relative to the expected amount of current / power that the air purifier 220 would draw. In another example, the monitored current / power draw data can be used to calculate the number of failed LED circuits. In yet another example, controller 255 can calculate the amount or percentage of indoor air quality loss based on indoor quality data monitored at 410. Method 400 then proceeds to 420.

[0084] At 420, controller 255 determines whether the air sterilization system 210 is operating effectively. In some embodiments, controller 255 can determine whether the air sterilization system 210 is operating effectively by comparing the amount or percentage of efficiency loss of the air sterilizer 220 calculated at 415 with a preset efficiency threshold. For example, the calculated percentage of current / power reduction can be compared with a preset current / power reduction threshold. In another example, the number of failed LED circuits calculated at 415 can be compared with a preset failed LED circuit threshold. In yet another example, the amount or percentage of indoor air quality loss can be compared with a preset indoor air quality threshold. Furthermore, in another example, the calculated percentage of light intensity or brightness reduction can be compared with a preset light intensity or brightness threshold. When the efficiency loss of the air sterilizer 220 exceeds the preset efficiency threshold, controller determines that the air sterilization system 210 is not operating effectively, and method 400 proceeds to 425. When the efficiency loss of the air sterilizer 220 does not exceed the preset efficiency threshold, the controller determines that the air sterilization system 210 is operating effectively, and method 400 proceeds to 430.

[0085] At 425, controller 255 generates an alarm / maintenance notification and displays it to the user via, for example, an HMI, a telematics unit, etc. In some embodiments, controller 255 may command the HMI of the transport climate control system 230 to display the alarm / maintenance notification on its display. In some embodiments, controller 255 may command the telematics unit of the transport climate control system 230 to send the alarm / maintenance notification to the user via wireless communication (e.g., text message, email, SMS message, etc.) to display the alarm / maintenance notification, for example, on the user's mobile device. In some embodiments, the alarm / maintenance notification may include the percentage of the air sterilizer 220 in operation. Method 400 then returns to 405.

[0086] At 430, because controller 255 has determined at 420 that the air disinfection system 210 is operating effectively, controller 255 takes no further action. Method 400 returns to 405.

[0087] Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of a refrigerant circuit 500 according to one embodiment. The refrigerant circuit 500 generally includes a compressor 520, a condenser 540, an expansion device 560, and an evaporator 580. The term "expansion device" as described herein may also be referred to as an expander. In one embodiment, the expander may be an expansion valve, expansion plate, expansion container, orifice, or other such expansion mechanism. It should be understood that the expander can be any suitable type of expander used in the art for expanding a working fluid to reduce the pressure and temperature of that working fluid. In one embodiment, the evaporator 580 may be a microchannel heat exchanger. The refrigerant circuit 500 is an example and can be modified to include additional components. For example, in one embodiment, the refrigerant circuit 500 may include other components, such as, but not limited to: an economizer heat exchanger, one or more flow control devices, a receiver tank, a dryer, a suction liquid heat exchanger, etc.

[0088] The refrigerant circuit 500 can generally be applied in various systems for controlling environmental conditions (e.g., temperature, humidity, air quality, etc.) in a space (often referred to as the conditioned space). Examples of such systems include, but are not limited to, HVACR systems, transportation refrigeration systems, etc. In one embodiment, the HVACR system may be a rooftop unit or a heat pump air conditioning unit.

[0089] The compressor 520, condenser 540, expander 560, and evaporator 580 are fluidly connected. In one embodiment, the refrigerant circuit 500 can be configured as a cooling system (e.g., an air conditioning system) capable of operating in a cooling mode. In another embodiment, the refrigerant circuit 500 can be configured as a heat pump system capable of operating in both a cooling mode and a heating / defrosting mode. A centrifugal fan (not shown, described later) can be provided to a heat exchanger such as the condenser 540 and / or the evaporator 580.

[0090] It should be understood that centrifugal fans are disclosed in, for example, U.S. Patent Nos. 7,591,633; 7,186,080; 7,108,478; 5,570,996; 5,558,499; 3,627,440; 3,307,776; 3,217,976; 2,981,461; 2,951,630; 2,798,658; 2,727,680; 3,221,983 and 1,862,523, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0091] The refrigerant circuit 500 can operate according to generally known principles. The refrigerant circuit 500 can be configured to heat and / or cool a liquid process fluid (e.g., a heat transfer fluid or medium (e.g., a liquid such as, but not limited to, water)), in which case the refrigerant circuit 500 can typically represent a liquid cooler system. Alternatively, the refrigerant circuit 500 can be configured to heat and / or cool a gaseous process fluid (e.g., a heat transfer medium or fluid (e.g., a gas such as, but not limited to, air)), in which case the refrigerant circuit 500 can typically represent an air conditioner and / or a heat pump.

[0092] In operation, compressor 520 compresses a working fluid (e.g., a heat transfer fluid, such as a refrigerant) from a relatively low-pressure gas to a relatively high-pressure gas. This relatively high-pressure gas is also at a relatively high temperature and is discharged from compressor 520 and flows through condenser 540. Following generally known principles, the working fluid flows through condenser 540 and dissipates heat to the process fluid (e.g., water, air, etc.), thereby cooling the working fluid. The cooled working fluid, now in liquid form, flows to expansion device 560. Expansion device 560 reduces the pressure of the working fluid. As a result, a portion of the working fluid is converted to a gaseous form. The working fluid, now in a mixed liquid and gaseous form, flows to evaporator 580. The working fluid flows through evaporator 580 and absorbs heat from the process fluid (e.g., a heat transfer medium, such as water, air, etc.), thereby heating the working fluid and converting it to a gaseous form. The gaseous working fluid then returns to compressor 520. The process described above continues while the heat transfer circuit is in operation, such as when it is operating in cooling mode (e.g., when compressor 520 is activated).

[0093] Figure 6 This is a partially cut-out perspective view illustrating an air handling unit (air processor) 600 of an HVACR system with a centrifugal fan 650 according to an embodiment.

[0094] Unit 600 includes a housing 660. In one embodiment, housing 660 may be a generally rectangular cabinet having a first end wall and a second end wall, the first end wall defining an air inlet opening 670 (to allow airflow into the interior space of housing 660), and the second end wall defining an air outlet opening (not shown) for the centrifugal fan 650, to allow air to exit housing 660 via an air outlet overlapping the air outlet opening. Figure 6 In the image, the sidewall of the outer casing 660 is cut open, revealing the internal space of the outer casing 660.

[0095] Unit 600 also includes a primary filter 610 and a secondary filter 620. In one embodiment, the primary filter 610 and the secondary filter 620 may be a single filter. It should be understood that the primary filter 610 and / or the secondary filter 620 may be a porous device configured to remove impurities or solid particles from an airflow traveling through the device.

[0096] In one embodiment, one or more outer surfaces of the secondary filter 620 (and / or the main filter 610) (e.g., the entire surface facing the airflow, and / or the entire surface opposite to the airflow-facing surface) may be covered (or coated or sintered) with, for example, a photocatalyst layer. A light source (not shown) may be added to the housing 660 to emit light onto the photocatalyst layer disposed on the outer surface of the filter(s) through which the air travels. This embodiment provides a solution for achieving photocatalytic oxidation and / or ultraviolet germicidal radiation on the surface of the filter(s). In this embodiment, more space is required in the housing 660 (e.g., for housing the light source), (and therefore the length of the housing may need to be increased, or the light source may occupy space within the housing 660 for other components), air pressure drops may occur on the outer surface of the filter(s) (e.g., increased air resistance due to the photocatalyst layer added to the filter), and / or a hermetically sealed installation may be required (e.g., to prevent, for example, UV light (such as UVC light) from leaking from the housing 660 for the light source). In this embodiment, because, for example, the outer surface(s) of the filter(s) can cover the entire airflow traveling through the filter, the efficiency and effectiveness of single-pass filtration and / or air disinfection can be optimal.

[0097] Unit 600 also includes a component (e.g., a coil) 630. In one embodiment, component 630 may be an air-conditioning evaporator coil disposed in the flow path of air traveling from air inlet opening 670 to air outlet opening of housing 660 (which is also the air outlet of fan 650). It should be understood that because the working fluid may be, for example, refrigerant, water, etc., component 630 may be of different types. For example, when the working fluid is refrigerant, component 630 may be an evaporator coil for cooling and / or a condenser coil for heating. For example, when the working fluid is water, component 630 may be one or more tubes through which cooling water passes for cooling, and may be one or more tubes through which hot water passes for heating.

[0098] Unit 600 also includes a humidifier 640 configured to add moisture to the air to prevent dryness that may cause irritation in many parts of the human body, or to increase the humidity in the air.

[0099] Unit 600 also includes a fan (or blower) 650. In one embodiment, fan 650 may be a centrifugal fan having an electrically driven motor (not shown) to drive fan 650 (e.g., to drive the shaft of fan 650, thereby rotating the impeller of fan 650). It should be understood that a centrifugal fan is a mechanical device for moving air or other gas toward the fan outlet in a direction at an angle (e.g., perpendicular) to the air entering from the fan inlet. Centrifugal fans typically include a duct housing for guiding outgoing air in a specific direction or guiding it across a heat sink. Centrifugal fans can increase the speed and volume of airflow by rotating the impeller.

[0100] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the public transport vehicle 200 may include the air disinfection system 210 but not the transport climate control system 230. In these embodiments, the air disinfection system 210 may have a unit that may include its own air-moving fan / blower to purify the air within the space of the public transport vehicle 200. Additionally, in these embodiments, the evaporator coil 240 may be omitted, and the controller 255 may be configured to control the air disinfection system 210 but not the climate control system. In these embodiments, steps 325 and 330 of method 300 may be removed. Thus, when the air disinfection mode is not requested, the method proceeds directly to step 335.

[0101] Multiple aspects:

[0102] Note that any of aspects 1 to 42 can be combined.

[0103] Aspect 1. A method for purifying air in a climate-controlled space, the method comprising:

[0104] The controller determines whether climate control is needed to regulate the air within the climate-controlled space;

[0105] When climate control is determined to be required, the controller:

[0106] Determine the amount of climate control needed to regulate the air within the climate-controlled space.

[0107] The compressor of the climate control system is commanded to operate to meet the required climate control parameters.

[0108] The command instructs the air-moving fan / blower of the climate control system to operate to meet the required amount of climate control, and

[0109] Command the operation of the air sterilizer in the air sterilization system; and

[0110] When it is determined that climate control is not required, the controller:

[0111] The climate control system's air-moving fans / blowers are commanded to operate at a predetermined speed, and

[0112] Command the operation of the air sterilizer in the air sterilization system.

[0113] Aspect 2. The method according to aspect 1 further includes:

[0114] The controller determines whether an enable signal has been received.

[0115] Upon receiving the activation signal, the controller determines whether climate control is needed to regulate the air within the climate-controlled space; and

[0116] When no activation signal is received, the controller commands the compressor, the air-moving fan / blower, and the air sterilizer to shut down.

[0117] Aspect 3. The method according to any one of aspects 1 and 2 further includes:

[0118] The controller determines whether an air disinfection mode has been requested; and

[0119] When the controller determines that the air disinfection mode has been requested, the controller:

[0120] The air-moving fan / blower of the climate control system is commanded to operate at a high speed; and

[0121] Command the operation of the air sterilizer in the air sterilization system.

[0122] Aspect 4. The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 3, wherein, when it is determined that climate control is not required, the controller further commands the compressor of the climate control system to be shut down.

[0123] Aspect 5. A system for purifying air in a climate-controlled space, the system comprising:

[0124] An air disinfection system, the air disinfection system including an air disinfector configured to purify air traveling through the air disinfection system;

[0125] Climate control system, the climate control system comprising:

[0126] The compressor is configured to compress the working fluid;

[0127] An evaporator coil, the evaporator coil being configured to regulate air traveling through the evaporator coil; and

[0128] An air-moving fan / blower is configured to direct conditioned air from the evaporator coil to the climate-controlled space;

[0129] The air sterilizer is configured to purify most of the air passing through the evaporator coil.

[0130] Aspect 6. The system according to aspect 5, wherein the air disinfection system further includes a filter located upstream of the air disinfector, wherein the filter is configured to capture contaminants from air traveling through the filter.

[0131] Aspect 7. The system according to any one of Aspects 5 and 6 further includes a controller configured to control the operation of the air disinfection system and the climate control system.

[0132] Aspect 8. The system according to aspect 7, wherein the controller is configured to:

[0133] Determine whether climate control is needed to regulate the air within the climate-controlled space;

[0134] When climate control is determined to be required, the controller is configured to:

[0135] Determine the amount of climate control needed to regulate the air within the climate-controlled space.

[0136] The compressor of the climate control system is commanded to operate to meet the required amount of climate control.

[0137] The command instructs the air-moving fan / blower of the climate control system to operate to meet the required amount of climate control, and

[0138] Command the operation of the air sterilizer in the air sterilization system; and

[0139] When it is determined that climate control is not required, the controller:

[0140] The air-moving fan / blower of the climate control system is commanded to operate at a predetermined speed, and

[0141] Command the operation of the air sterilizer in the air sterilization system.

[0142] Aspect 9. The system according to any one of Aspects 7 and 8, wherein the controller is configured to:

[0143] Monitor the operating parameters of the air sterilizer;

[0144] Based on the operating parameters, it was determined that the air sterilizer was not operating effectively; and

[0145] When the controller determines that the air sterilizer is not operating effectively, it generates an alarm / maintenance notification and displays the alarm / maintenance notification to the user.

[0146] Aspect 10. The system according to aspect 5, wherein the air sterilizer is a photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) air purifier.

[0147] Aspect 11. The system according to aspect 10, wherein the air sterilizer is a graphene-based PCO air purifier, the graphene-based PCO air purifier being configured to use a graphene-enhanced titanium dioxide catalyst to generate hydroxyl groups.

[0148] Aspect 12. A method for tracking the effectiveness of an air disinfection system including an air sterilizer, the method comprising:

[0149] The controller monitors the operating parameters of the air sterilizer;

[0150] The controller determines that the air sterilizer is not operating effectively based on the operating parameters; and

[0151] When the controller determines that the air sterilizer is not operating effectively, it generates an alarm / maintenance notification and displays the alarm / maintenance notification to the user.

[0152] Aspect 13. The method according to aspect 12 further includes the controller calculating the efficiency loss of the air sterilizer based on the monitored operating parameters.

[0153] The controller determines that the air sterilizer is not operating effectively based on the calculated efficiency loss of the air sterilizer.

[0154] Aspect 14. The method according to any one of Aspects 12 and 13, wherein the operating parameter is at least one of the following: current draw of the light-emitting diode (LED) circuit of the air sterilizer, power draw of the LED circuit of the air sterilizer, light intensity of ultraviolet (UV) light from the air sterilizer, brightness of the LED circuit of the air sterilizer, and indoor air quality of the climate-controlled space.

[0155] Aspect 15. A method for purifying air in a space, the method comprising:

[0156] The controller determines whether an enable signal has been received;

[0157] Upon receiving the activation signal, the controller commands:

[0158] The air sterilizer of the air sterilization system is activated to purify the airflow passing through the system.

[0159] An air-moving fan / blower operates to direct the airflow into the space, and

[0160] When it is determined that no activation signal is received, the controller commands the air mobile fan / blower and the air sterilizer to shut down.

[0161] Aspect 16. The method according to aspect 15, wherein, upon determining that the activation signal is received, the controller determines that climate control is not required to regulate the air within the space, and

[0162] When it is determined that climate control is not required, the controller:

[0163] The command indicates that the air sterilizer is on.

[0164] The command instructs the air-moving fan / blower to operate at a predetermined speed, and

[0165] The compressor of the climate control system is ordered to be shut down.

[0166] Aspect 17. The method according to aspect 16, wherein the air-moving fan / blower has a low speed and a high speed, and wherein the predetermined speed is the low speed.

[0167] Aspect 18. The method according to any one of Aspects 15 to 17, wherein, upon determining that the activation signal is received, the controller determines that climate control is needed to regulate the air within the space, and

[0168] When climate control is determined to be required, the controller:

[0169] Determine the amount of climate control needed to regulate the air within the space.

[0170] The compressor of the climate control system is commanded to operate to meet the required amount of climate control.

[0171] The command is given to operate the air-moving fan / blower to meet the required amount of climate control.

[0172] Aspect 19. The method according to any one of Aspects 15 to 18, wherein the controller determining whether the activation signal is received comprises: the controller determining whether a vehicle having or towing the space is started.

[0173] Aspect 20. The method according to aspect 19, wherein the activation signal indicates that the ignition switch of the vehicle has been turned on.

[0174] Aspect 21. The method according to any one of aspects 15 to 20, further comprising:

[0175] Upon receiving the activation signal, the controller determines whether an air sterilization mode has been requested; and

[0176] After the controller determines that the air disinfection mode has been requested, the controller:

[0177] The command instructs the air-moving fan / blower to operate at high speed; and

[0178] Command the operation of the air sterilizer in the air sterilization system.

[0179] Aspect 22. A system for purifying air in a space, the system comprising:

[0180] An air disinfection system, the air disinfection system including an air disinfection unit configured to purify an airflow traveling through the air disinfection system;

[0181] An air-moving fan / blower configured to direct the airflow into the space; and

[0182] The controller is configured to:

[0183] Check if an enable signal has been received.

[0184] Upon receiving the activation signal, the controller commands:

[0185] The air sterilizer is activated to purify the airflow traveling through the air sterilization system.

[0186] The air-moving fan / blower operates to direct the airflow into the space, and

[0187] If no activation signal is received, the air-moving fan / blower and the air sterilizer are ordered to shut down.

[0188] Aspect 23. The system according to aspect 22, wherein, upon determining that the controller has received the activation signal, the controller is configured to determine whether climate control is not required to regulate the air within the space, and

[0189] When the controller determines that climate control is not required, the controller is configured to:

[0190] The command indicates that the air sterilizer is on.

[0191] The command instructs the air-moving fan / blower to operate at a predetermined speed, and

[0192] The compressor of the climate control system is ordered to be shut down.

[0193] Aspect 24. The system according to aspect 23, wherein the air-moving fan / blower has a low speed and a high speed, and wherein the predetermined speed is the low speed.

[0194] Aspect 25. The system according to any one of Aspects 22 to 24, wherein, upon determining that the controller has received the activation signal, the controller is configured to determine whether climate control is required to regulate the air within a climate-controlled space, and

[0195] When the controller determines that climate control is required, the controller is configured to:

[0196] Determine the amount of climate control needed to regulate the air within the space.

[0197] The compressor of the climate control system is commanded to operate to meet the required amount of climate control.

[0198] The air-moving fan / blower of the climate control system is commanded to operate to meet the required amount of climate control.

[0199] Aspect 26. The system according to any one of Aspects 22 to 25, wherein the controller is configured to determine whether the activation signal is received includes: the controller is configured to determine whether a vehicle having or towing the space is started.

[0200] Aspect 27. The system according to aspect 26, wherein the activation signal indicates that the ignition switch of the vehicle has been turned on.

[0201] Aspect 28. The system according to any one of Aspects 22 to 27, wherein, upon determining that the activation signal is received, the controller is further configured to determine whether an air disinfection mode has been requested; and

[0202] When the controller determines that the air disinfection mode has been requested, the controller is configured to:

[0203] The air-moving fan / blower of the climate control system is commanded to operate at a high speed; and

[0204] Command the operation of the air sterilizer in the air sterilization system.

[0205] Aspect 29. A method for purifying air in a climate-controlled space, the method comprising:

[0206] The controller determines whether an enable signal has been received;

[0207] Upon receiving the activation signal, the controller commands:

[0208] The air sterilizer of the air sterilization system is activated to purify the airflow passing through the system.

[0209] The climate control system's air-moving fans / blowers operate to direct the airflow into the climate-controlled space, and

[0210] When it is determined that no activation signal is received, the controller commands the air mobile fan / blower and the air sterilizer to shut down.

[0211] Aspect 30. The method according to aspect 29, wherein, upon determining that the activation signal is received, the controller determines that climate control is not required to regulate the air within the climate-controlled space, and

[0212] When it is determined that climate control is not required, the controller:

[0213] The command indicates that the air sterilizer is on.

[0214] The command instructs the air-moving fan / blower to operate at a predetermined speed, and

[0215] The compressor of the climate control system is commanded to be shut down.

[0216] Aspect 31. The method according to aspect 30, wherein the air-moving fan / blower has a low speed and a high speed, and wherein the predetermined speed is the low speed.

[0217] Aspect 32. The method according to any one of Aspects 29 to 31, wherein, upon determining that the activation signal is received, the controller determines that climate control is required to regulate the air within the climate-controlled space, and

[0218] When climate control is determined to be required, the controller:

[0219] Determine the amount of climate control needed to regulate the air within the climate-controlled space.

[0220] The compressor of the climate control system is commanded to operate to meet the required amount of climate control.

[0221] The command is given to operate the air-moving fan / blower to meet the required amount of climate control.

[0222] Aspect 33. The method according to any one of Aspects 29 to 32, wherein the controller determining whether the activation signal is received comprises: the controller determining whether a vehicle having the climate-controlled space is activated.

[0223] Aspect 34. The method according to aspect 33, wherein the activation signal indicates that the ignition switch of the vehicle has been turned on.

[0224] Aspect 35. The method according to any one of aspects 29 to 34, further comprising:

[0225] Upon receiving the activation signal, the controller determines whether an air sterilization mode has been requested; and

[0226] After the controller determines that the air disinfection mode has been requested, the controller:

[0227] The air-moving fan / blower of the climate control system is commanded to operate at a high speed; and

[0228] Command the operation of the air sterilizer in the air sterilization system.

[0229] Aspect 36. A system for purifying air in a climate-controlled space, the system comprising:

[0230] An air disinfection system, the air disinfection system including an air disinfection unit configured to purify an airflow traveling through the air disinfection system;

[0231] A climate control system, comprising an air-moving fan / blower configured to direct the airflow into the climate-controlled space; and

[0232] The controller is configured to:

[0233] Check if an enable signal has been received.

[0234] Upon receiving the activation signal, the controller commands:

[0235] The air sterilizer is activated to purify the airflow traveling through the air sterilization system.

[0236] The air-moving fan / blower operates to direct the airflow into the climate-controlled space, and

[0237] If no activation signal is received, the air mobile fan / blower and the air sterilizer are ordered to shut down.

[0238] Aspect 37. The system according to aspect 36, wherein, upon determining that the controller has received the activation signal, the controller is configured to determine whether climate control is not required to regulate the air within the climate-controlled space, and

[0239] When the controller determines that climate control is not required, the controller is configured to:

[0240] The command indicates that the air sterilizer is on.

[0241] The command instructs the air-moving fan / blower to operate at a predetermined speed, and

[0242] The compressor of the climate control system is commanded to be shut down.

[0243] Aspect 38. The system according to aspect 37, wherein the air-moving fan / blower has a low speed and a high speed, and wherein the predetermined speed is the low speed.

[0244] Aspect 39. The system according to any one of Aspects 36 to 38, wherein, upon determining that the controller has received the activation signal, the controller is configured to determine whether climate control is required to regulate the air within the climate-controlled space, and

[0245] When the controller determines that climate control is required, the controller is configured to:

[0246] Determine the amount of climate control needed to regulate the air within the climate-controlled space.

[0247] The compressor of the climate control system is commanded to operate to meet the required amount of climate control.

[0248] The air-moving fan / blower of the climate control system is commanded to operate to meet the required amount of climate control.

[0249] Aspect 40. The system according to any one of Aspects 36 to 39, wherein the controller is configured to determine whether the activation signal is received includes: the controller is configured to determine whether a vehicle having the climate-controlled space is activated.

[0250] Aspect 41. The system according to aspect 40, wherein the activation signal indicates that the ignition switch of the vehicle has been turned on.

[0251] Aspect 42. The system according to any one of Aspects 36 to 41, wherein, upon determining that the activation signal is received, the controller is further configured to determine whether an air disinfection mode has been requested; and

[0252] When the controller determines that the air disinfection mode has been requested, the controller is configured to:

[0253] The air-moving fan / blower of the climate control system is commanded to operate at a high speed; and

[0254] Command the operation of the air sterilizer in the air sterilization system.

[0255] The terminology used in this specification is intended to describe particular embodiments and is not intended to be limiting. Unless otherwise expressly stated, the terms “a,” “an,” “the,” and “the” also include the plural forms. When used in this specification, the terms “comprising” and / or “including” specify the presence of the stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components.

[0256] Regarding the foregoing description, it should be understood that changes in details may be made without departing from the scope of this disclosure, particularly in terms of the structural materials used and the shape, size, and arrangement of components. This specification and the described embodiments are merely exemplary, and the true scope and spirit of this disclosure are indicated by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for purifying air in a climate-controlled space, the method comprising: The controller determines whether an activation signal has been received, wherein the activation signal indicates that a vehicle having the space or towing the space has started; The controller determines whether climate control is needed to regulate the air within the climate-controlled space; Upon receiving the activation signal and determining that climate control is not required to regulate the air within the climate-controlled space, the controller commands: The air sterilizer in the air sterilization system is activated for a set period of time to purify the airflow passing through the system. The climate control system's air-moving fans / blowers operate to direct the airflow into the climate-controlled space, and One or more components of the climate control system are shut down, causing the airflow to be directed into the climate-controlled space without being regulated by the climate control system; and When it is determined that no activation signal is received, the controller commands the air mobile fan / blower and the air sterilizer to shut down.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, When the controller determines that it has received the activation signal and that it does not require climate control to regulate the air in the climate-controlled space, the controller: The air-moving fan / blower is commanded to operate at a predetermined speed, wherein one or more components of the climate control system are commanded to be shut down, including... The compressor of the climate control system is commanded to be shut down.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein, The air-moving fan / blower has a low speed and a high speed, and the predetermined speed is the low speed.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, Upon determining that the activation signal has been received and that climate control is required to regulate the air within the climate-controlled space, the controller: Determine the amount of climate control needed to regulate the air within the climate-controlled space. The compressor of the climate control system is commanded to operate to meet the required amount of climate control. The command instructs the air-moving fan / blower to operate to meet the required amount of climate control.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The activation signal indicates that the vehicle's ignition switch has been turned on.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising: Upon receiving the activation signal, the controller determines whether an air disinfection mode has been requested. as well as When the controller determines that the air disinfection mode has been requested, the controller: The air-moving fan / blower of the climate control system is commanded to operate at high speed; and The air sterilizer is commanded to be turned on to purify the airflow traveling through the air sterilization system.

7. The method according to claim 1, in, Upon receiving the activation signal and determining that climate control is not required to regulate the air within the climate-controlled space, the controller commands the air-moving fan / blower to operate at a predetermined speed. The method further includes: Upon receiving the activation signal, the controller determines whether an air purification mode has been requested; and When the controller determines that the air purification mode has been requested, the controller: The climate control system is commanded to operate its air-moving fan / blower at a high speed, which is a speed higher than the predetermined speed; and The air purifier is commanded to be turned on to purify the airflow passing through the air purification system.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the air purifier is configured to purify the airflow by attacking volatile organic compounds in the airflow.

9. A system for purifying air in a climate-controlled space, the system comprising: An air disinfection system, the air disinfection system including an air disinfection unit configured to purify an airflow traveling through the air disinfection system; A climate control system, comprising an air-moving fan / blower configured to direct the airflow into the climate-controlled space; and The controller is configured to: Determine whether an activation signal has been received, wherein the activation signal indicates that the vehicle having the space or towing the space has started, and Determine whether climate control is needed to regulate the air within the climate-controlled space. When it is determined that the activation signal has been received and that climate control is not required to regulate the air in the climate-controlled space: The command activates the air sterilizer to purify the airflow traveling through the air sterilization system. Command the air-moving fan / blower to operate in order to direct the airflow into the climate-controlled space, and Command one or more components of the climate control system to shut down, so that the airflow is directed into the climate-controlled space without being regulated by the climate control system; as well as If no activation signal is received, the air mobile fan / blower and the air sterilizer are ordered to shut down.

10. The system according to claim 9, wherein, When the controller determines that it has received the activation signal and determines that climate control is not required to regulate the air in the climate-controlled space, the controller is configured to: The command instructs the air-moving fan / blower to operate at a predetermined speed. The controller is configured to command one or more components of the climate control system to shut down, including commanding the compressor of the climate control system to shut down.

11. The system according to claim 10, wherein, The air-moving fan / blower has a low speed and a high speed, and the predetermined speed is the low speed.

12. The system according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein, When the controller determines that it has received the activation signal and determines that climate control is needed to regulate the air in the climate-controlled space, the controller is configured to: Determine the amount of climate control needed to regulate the air within the climate-controlled space. The compressor of the climate control system is commanded to operate to meet the required amount of climate control. The air-moving fans / blowers of the climate control system are commanded to operate to meet the required amount of climate control.

13. The system according to claim 9, wherein, The activation signal indicates that the vehicle's ignition switch has been turned on.

14. The system according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein, Upon receiving the activation signal, the controller is also configured to determine whether an air disinfection mode has been requested. as well as When the controller determines that the air disinfection mode has been requested, the controller is configured to: The air-moving fan / blower of the climate control system is commanded to operate at a high speed; and The air sterilizer is commanded to be turned on to purify the airflow traveling through the air sterilization system.

15. The system according to claim 9, in, Upon receiving the activation signal and determining that climate control is not required to regulate the air within the climate-controlled space, the controller is configured to command the air-moving fan / blower to operate at a predetermined speed. Upon receiving the activation signal, the controller is configured to determine whether an air purification mode has been requested; and When the controller determines that the air purification mode has been requested, the controller is configured to: The climate control system is commanded to operate its air-moving fan / blower at a high speed, which is a speed higher than the predetermined speed; and The air purifier is commanded to turn on in order to purify the airflow passing through the air purification system.

16. The system of claim 9, wherein the air purifier is configured to purify the airflow by attacking volatile organic compounds in the airflow.

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