Multi-voltage-grade intelligent magnesium-air emergency power supply and control method thereof

Abstract

This invention discloses a multi-voltage-level intelligent magnesium-air emergency power supply and its control method. This invention relates to the field of metal-air batteries and includes a voltage output circuit. The voltage output circuit includes a control circuit and a transformer circuit. The control circuit includes a voltage acquisition module, an output feedback circuit, a microcontroller, and a PWM control circuit. One end of the voltage acquisition module is connected to the multiple outputs of the transformer circuit. The magnesium-air emergency power supply of this invention provides stable output at different voltage levels, good transformer gain, and effectively reduces the impact of different output ports on the output voltage when connected to loads. It can quickly respond to voltage fluctuations according to the connected load and power input, exhibiting good steady-state performance. Compared to buck-boost and other step-up / step-down circuits, this invention has a stronger voltage transformation ratio, built-in electrical isolation, reduces mutual interference between different output circuits, and lowers noise.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of metal-air batteries, specifically to a multi-voltage level intelligent magnesium-air emergency power supply and its control method. Background Technology

[0002] Magnesium-air batteries can be used in energy storage backup power, marine underwater instrument power, etc. When used as emergency power, they need to output different voltage levels in different situations to supply equipment. Furthermore, when multiple circuits output different voltage levels, the load on other circuits can affect the output voltage of a particular circuit, causing significant voltage fluctuations across different circuits. Internally, the emergency power supply uses metallic magnesium as the negative electrode to generate electrical energy through a chemical reaction. Its discharge characteristics differ from other batteries, and this chemical reaction also causes significant voltage fluctuations in the power supply output. Existing magnesium-air emergency power supplies cannot simultaneously respond to voltage changes caused by the internal battery reaction and the connected load while outputting different voltage levels. The voltage fluctuation range is relatively large, exceeding the allowable voltage range of the connected load, resulting in insufficient control precision and failing to achieve the desired emergency use effect.

[0003] It has the following disadvantages:

[0004] 1. Magnesium-air emergency power supplies have limited output voltage levels (generally only 5V and 12V);

[0005] 2. The output voltage at different levels is not stable enough, and the transformer gain capability is insufficient;

[0006] 3. When multiple circuits are connected to a load, different circuits connected to different loads will affect the output voltage, resulting in unstable output voltage, which is known as cross regulation. The emergency power supply fails to provide good feedback adjustment based on the output voltage fluctuations.

[0007] 4. Internal reactions in the magnesium-air emergency power supply cause input voltage fluctuations, which cannot be well regulated. Therefore, improvements to the existing technology are needed. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-voltage level intelligent magnesium-air emergency power supply and its control method to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0009] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a multi-voltage level intelligent magnesium-air emergency power supply, including a voltage output circuit;

[0010] The voltage output circuit includes a control circuit and a transformer circuit;

[0011] The control circuit includes a voltage acquisition module, an output feedback circuit, a microcontroller, and a PWM control circuit. One end of the voltage acquisition module is connected to the multiple outputs of the transformer circuit, and the other end is connected to the output feedback circuit. The input of the microcontroller is connected to the output of the output feedback circuit, and the output of the microcontroller is connected to the input of the PWM control circuit. The output of the PWM control circuit is connected to the inverter resonant circuit.

[0012] The transformer circuit includes an inverter resonant circuit, a voltage conversion circuit, a rectifier filter circuit, and a gain unit. The input terminal of the inverter resonant circuit is connected to the output terminal of the magnesium-air battery, the output terminal of the inverter resonant circuit is connected to the input terminal of the rectifier filter circuit, the input terminal of the gain unit is connected to the output terminal of the rectifier filter circuit, and the output terminal of the gain unit is connected to the output terminal of the voltage acquisition circuit.

[0013] As an improvement to the present invention, a multi-voltage level intelligent magnesium-air emergency power supply:

[0014] The inverter resonant circuit includes switching transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4, resistor R1, inductor L1, and capacitor C6. The drain of switching transistor Q1 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the magnesium-air battery. The drain of switching transistor Q3 is electrically connected to the source terminal of switching transistor Q1, and the source terminal of switching transistor Q3 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the battery. The drain of switching transistor Q2 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the battery. The drain of switching transistor Q4 is electrically connected to the source terminal of switching transistor Q2, and the source terminal of switching transistor Q4 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the battery. One end of resistor R1 is electrically connected to the source terminal of the switching transistors, and the other end of resistor R1 is connected to inductor L1. The two ends of inductor L1 are electrically connected to resistor R1 and capacitor C6, respectively. The inverter resonant circuit also includes capacitors C1, C2, C3, and C4, which are electrically connected to the drain and source terminals of switching transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4, respectively.

[0015] The voltage conversion circuit includes a transformer T1. One input terminal of the transformer T1 is electrically connected to a capacitor C6, and the other input terminal is electrically connected to the drain terminal of the switching transistor Q4.

[0016] The rectifier and filter circuit includes full-wave bridge rectifiers D7 and D8, coupling inductors L2 and L5, diodes D1 and D4, capacitors C7 and C10, and resistors R2, R3, R5, and R6. Full-wave bridge rectifiers D7 and D8 are electrically connected to the two output terminals of transformer T1. Coupling inductor L2 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of diode D1 and the positive terminal of full-wave bridge rectifier D7, respectively. Coupling inductor L5 is electrically connected to diode D1 and the positive terminal of full-wave bridge rectifier D7, respectively. 4. The positive terminal of diode D1 is electrically connected to one end of capacitor C7 and resistor R3 respectively; the negative terminal of diode D4 is electrically connected to one end of capacitor C10 and resistor R6 respectively; the other end of capacitor C7 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R2, and the other end of capacitor C10 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R5; the other ends of resistors R2 and R3 are electrically connected to full-wave bridge rectifier D7, and the other ends of resistors R5 and R6 are electrically connected to full-wave bridge rectifier D8.

[0017] The transformer T1 mentioned above has two output terminals, but transformer T1 can also have many output terminals, that is, it can output different levels of voltage;

[0018] The gain unit includes switching transistors Q6 and Q7, diode D2, diodes D3 and D5, diode D6, inductors L3, L4, L6, and L7, capacitors C8, C9, C11, and C12, and resistors R4 and R7. The drain of switching transistor Q6 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of diode D1, and the drain of switching transistor Q7 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of diode D4. One end of inductor L3 is electrically connected to the source terminal of switching transistor Q6, and the other end of inductor L3 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of resistor R3. One end of inductor L6 is electrically connected to the source terminal of switching transistor Q7, and the other end of inductor L6 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of resistor R6. One end of inductor L4 is electrically connected to both the source terminal of switching transistor Q6 and the negative terminal of diode D2. The other end of inductor L4... One end of inductor L7 is electrically connected to one end of capacitor C8, and the other end of capacitor C8 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of resistor R3. One end of inductor L7 is electrically connected to the source terminal of switching transistor Q7 and the negative terminal of diode D5, and the other end of inductor L7 is electrically connected to one end of capacitor C11, and the other end of capacitor C11 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of resistor R6. One end of diode D3 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of inductor L3, and the other end of diode D3 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of inductor L4. One end of capacitor C9 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of diode D2, and the other end of capacitor C9 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of resistor R3. One end of capacitor C12 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of diode D5, and the other end of capacitor C12 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of resistor R6. Resistor R4 is connected in parallel across capacitor C9, and resistor R7 is connected in parallel across capacitor C12.

[0019] One end of capacitor C5 is connected to the positive terminal of the magnesium-air battery, and the other end of capacitor C5 is grounded, which can charge the subsequent circuit to reduce input voltage fluctuations.

[0020] The PWM control circuit 9 is electrically connected to the gate terminals of switching transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q6, Q7, and Q8 respectively, and its duty cycle can be adjusted between 0 and 1.

[0021] One end of resistors R4 and R7 is the circuit voltage output terminal.

[0022] As an improvement to the present invention, a multi-voltage level intelligent magnesium-air emergency power supply:

[0023] The power supply Vin is a magnesium-air battery, and capacitor C5 stores energy in the battery. A full-bridge LLC resonant converter composed of switching transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 is controlled by a PWM control circuit to achieve free switching of the transistors and reduce switching losses. Two output voltages are generated by transformer T1, which are rectified by full-wave bridge rectifiers D7 and D8, and then filtered by coupling inductors L2 and L5. When switching transistors Q6 and Q7 are off, diodes D2, D3, D5, and D6 are on, capacitors C8, C9, C11, and C12 are charged, and inductors L3, L4, L6, and L7 are discharged. When switching transistors Q6 and Q7 are on, diodes D2, D3, D5, and D6 are off, inductors L3, L4, L6, and L7 are charged, and capacitors C8, C9, C11, and C12 are discharged. The output terminal then obtains the voltage after gain.

[0024] As an improvement to the present invention, a multi-voltage level intelligent magnesium-air emergency power supply:

[0025] Magnesium-air emergency power supplies often experience multi-port loads during operation. When one port is under load, it can cause voltage fluctuations at other ports. To address this, output voltage weighted feedback and inductor coupling in the filter circuit are implemented to reduce load cross-regulation. The intense chemical reactions within the magnesium-air emergency power supply can cause input voltage fluctuations. Input voltage feedforward is used to monitor the power supply input voltage in real time. The output voltages from different ports are weighted and compared with a reference voltage to obtain the voltage fluctuation value. When the voltage fluctuation is large, PD regulation is used to improve system dynamics and stability; when the voltage fluctuation is small, PI regulation is used to reduce steady-state error. This is then compared with the feedback signal from the filter inductor current for PI control. Finally, this value is multiplied by the input voltage feedforward value and fed into a PWM generator to produce PWM waves with different duty cycles. The signal is then fed back to the inverter circuit to generate the required pulse rectangular wave, and finally back to the voltage gain circuit for control to achieve the desired gain effect, resulting in a stable output voltage.

[0026] As an improvement to the present invention, a multi-voltage level intelligent magnesium-air emergency power supply:

[0027] When a load is connected to the output terminal or during long-term discharge, the two output voltages are acquired and weighted negative feedback is performed according to the weight ratio of the output voltages. After comparison with the reference output voltage, PID control is performed, and then PID adjustment is performed again after comparison with the circuit inductor current. The adjusted signal is fed forward with the power supply input voltage and the rated voltage signal and sent to the microcontroller. Finally, a PWM wave is generated to control the transformer circuit, which adjusts the switching transistor and the coupling inductor to achieve the purpose of stabilizing the output voltage.

[0028] As an improvement to the present invention, a multi-voltage level intelligent magnesium-air emergency power supply:

[0029] The system collects parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature from the magnesium-air emergency power supply, and then estimates the SOC of the emergency power supply. When abnormalities are detected in parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature of the emergency power supply, an alarm is triggered, and the discharge protection module provides fault protection for the emergency power supply. Voltage, current, temperature, SOC, and different levels of output voltage generated by the voltage conversion circuit are all displayed in real time on the screen.

[0030] This invention also provides a control method for a multi-voltage level intelligent magnesium-air emergency power supply, comprising the following steps:

[0031] Step 1: Generate high-frequency voltage through a magnesium-air emergency power supply via an inverter resonant circuit;

[0032] Step 2: Then, different voltage levels are obtained by using transformers and different rectifier and filter circuits;

[0033] Step 3: Finally, the output voltage is obtained through a voltage gain circuit.

[0034] Preferably, the different output voltages of each circuit are weighted and controlled by feedback and then PID regulation is performed. The voltage signal is compared with the inductor current and then PID control is performed. The input voltage is compared with the rated voltage and finally processed to the PWM generator to control the switching transistor, thereby outputting stable voltages of different levels.

[0035] In summary, the beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0036] 1. Magnesium-air emergency power supplies offer stable output at different voltage levels and excellent transformer gain.

[0037] 2. Effectively reduces the impact on output voltage when different output ports are connected to loads;

[0038] 3. It can respond quickly to voltage fluctuations based on the connected load and power input, exhibiting good steady-state performance;

[0039] 4. Compared with buck-boost and other step-up / step-down circuits, the present invention has a strong voltage transformation ratio, built-in electrical isolation, reduces mutual interference between different output circuits, and lowers noise. Attached Figure Description

[0040] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of a transformer circuit according to the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a transformer circuit simulation structure according to the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 Discharge curve of magnesium-air emergency power supply;

[0044] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the output voltage conversion circuit structure of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 5 This is a waveform diagram of the output port voltage when there is no feedback.

[0046] Figure 6 This is a waveform diagram of the output port voltage of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the multi-voltage level intelligent magnesium-air emergency power supply of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0048] All features disclosed in this specification, or all steps in all disclosed methods or processes, may be combined in any way, except for mutually exclusive features and / or steps.

[0049] Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any appended claims, abstract, and drawings) may be replaced by other equivalent or similar features, unless specifically stated otherwise. That is, unless specifically stated otherwise, each feature is merely one example of a series of equivalent or similar features.

[0050] The following is combined with Figure 1-7 The present invention will be described in detail below. For ease of description, the directions referred to below are defined as follows: the directions of up, down, left, right, front, and back mentioned below are the same as... Figure 1 The directions of front, back, left, right, up, and down in the view are consistent. Figure 1 This is a front view of the device of the present invention. Figure 1 The directions shown are consistent with the front-to-back, left-to-right, up-down directions of the device of the present invention when viewed from the front.

[0051] Please see Figure 1-7 The present invention provides an embodiment of a multi-voltage level intelligent magnesium-air emergency power supply, including a voltage output circuit, which includes a control circuit and a transformer circuit.

[0052] The control circuit includes a voltage acquisition module, an output feedback circuit, a microcontroller, and a PWM control circuit. One end of the voltage acquisition module is connected to the multiple outputs of the transformer circuit, and the other end is connected to the output feedback circuit. The input of the microcontroller is connected to the output of the output feedback circuit, and the output of the microcontroller is connected to the input of the PWM control circuit. The output of the PWM control circuit is connected to the inverter resonant circuit.

[0053] The transformer circuit includes an inverter resonant circuit, a voltage conversion circuit, a rectifier filter circuit, and a transformer gain circuit. The input terminal of the inverter resonant circuit is connected to the output terminal of the magnesium-air battery, the output terminal of the inverter resonant circuit is connected to the input terminal of the rectifier filter circuit, the input terminal of the gain unit is connected to the output terminal of the rectifier filter circuit, and the output terminal of the gain unit is connected to the output terminal of the voltage acquisition circuit.

[0054] In another embodiment, the inverter resonant circuit includes switching transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4, a resistor R1, an inductor L1, and a capacitor C6. The drain terminal of switching transistor Q1 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the magnesium-air battery. The drain terminal of switching transistor Q3 is electrically connected to the source terminal of switching transistor Q1, and the source terminal of switching transistor Q3 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the battery. The drain terminal of switching transistor Q2 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the battery. The drain terminal of switching transistor Q4 is electrically connected to the source terminal of switching transistor Q2, and the source terminal of switching transistor Q4 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the battery. One end of resistor R1 is electrically connected to the source terminal of the switching transistors, and the other end of resistor R1 is connected to inductor L1. The two ends of inductor L1 are electrically connected to resistor R1 and capacitor C6, respectively. The inverter resonant circuit also includes capacitors C1, C2, C3, and C4, which are respectively electrically connected to the drain and source terminals of switching transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4.

[0055] The voltage conversion circuit includes a transformer T1. One input terminal of the transformer is electrically connected to a capacitor C6, and the other input terminal is electrically connected to the drain terminal of a switching transistor Q4.

[0056] In another embodiment, the voltage conversion circuit includes a transformer T1, one interface of the input terminal of the transformer T1 is electrically connected to a capacitor C6, and the other interface is electrically connected to the drain terminal of the switching transistor Q4.

[0057] In another embodiment, the rectifier-filter circuit includes a full-wave bridge rectifier D7, a full-wave bridge rectifier D8, a coupling inductor L2, a coupling inductor L5, a diode D1, a diode D4, a capacitor C7, a capacitor C10, resistors R2, R3, R5, and R6; the full-wave bridge rectifiers D7 and D8 are electrically connected to the two output terminals of the transformer T1; the two ends of the coupling inductor L2 are electrically connected to the positive terminal of the diode D1 and the full-wave bridge rectifier D7, respectively, and the coupling inductor L5 is connected to the positive terminal of the diode D1 and the full-wave bridge rectifier D7, respectively. Do not connect the positive terminal of diode D4 to the full-wave bridge rectifier D8; connect the negative terminal of diode D1 to one end of capacitor C7 and resistor R3 respectively; connect the negative terminal of diode D4 to one end of capacitor C10 and resistor R6 respectively; connect the other end of capacitor C7 to one end of resistor R2, and connect the other end of capacitor C10 to one end of resistor R5; connect the other ends of resistors R2 and R3 to full-wave bridge rectifier D7, and connect the other ends of resistors R5 and R6 to full-wave bridge rectifier D8.

[0058] In one embodiment, the transformer gain circuit includes switching transistors Q6 and Q7, diodes D2, D3 and D5, diode D6, inductors L3, L4, L6, and L7, capacitors C8, C9, C11, and C12, and resistors R4 and R7. The drain of switching transistor Q6 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of diode D1, and the drain of switching transistor Q7 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of diode D4. One end of inductor L3 is electrically connected to the source of switching transistor Q6, and the other end of inductor L3 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of resistor R3. One end of inductor L6 is electrically connected to the source of switching transistor Q7, and the other end of inductor L6 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of resistor R6. One end of inductor L4 is electrically connected to the source of switching transistor Q6 and the negative terminal of diode D2, and the other end of inductor L4 is connected to capacitor C8. One end of capacitor C8 is electrically connected to the source terminal of switch Q7 and the negative terminal of diode D5. The other end of inductor L7 is electrically connected to one end of capacitor C11, and the other end of capacitor C11 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of resistor R6. One end of diode D3 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of inductor L3, and the other end of diode D3 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of inductor L4. One end of capacitor C9 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of diode D2, and the other end of capacitor C9 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of resistor R3. One end of capacitor C12 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of diode D5, and the other end of capacitor C12 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of resistor R6. Resistor R4 is connected in parallel across capacitor C9, resistor R7 is connected in parallel across capacitor C12, and one end of capacitor C5 is connected to the positive terminal of magnesium-air battery, while the other end of capacitor C5 is grounded.

[0059] Capacitor C5 is connected to the positive terminal of the magnesium-air battery, and the other end is grounded, which can charge the subsequent circuit to reduce input voltage fluctuations;

[0060] One end of resistors R4 and R7 is the circuit voltage output terminal.

[0061] In another embodiment, the PWM control circuit is electrically connected to the gate terminals of switching transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q6, Q7, and Q8, respectively, and its duty cycle can be adjusted between 0 and 1.

[0062] In another embodiment, the input terminal of the microcontroller is connected to the output terminal of the PID control module in the output feedback circuit, and the output terminal of the microcontroller is connected to the input terminal of the PWM control circuit; the output terminal of the PWM control circuit is connected to the switching transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q6, and Q7 of the inverter resonant circuit and the gain unit.

[0063] The first and second PID control modules contain PI regulation and PD regulation. PI regulation reduces or eliminates steady-state error and can be performed when the output voltage fluctuation is small. PD regulation changes the dynamic performance and increases system stability and can be performed when the output voltage fluctuation is large.

[0064] The weighted control module samples and feeds back the output voltage of each port according to the weight ratio (i.e., multiplies it by a certain coefficient);

[0065] The voltage output circuit includes the signal transmission relationship between the control circuit and the transformer circuit (e.g.) Figure 4 As shown): The output voltage signals from the Vout1 and Vout2 terminals of the gain unit are input to the weighted control module. The output voltage ratio signal is compared with the reference voltage Vref at the output port and then input to the first PID control module. After PID adjustment, the electrical signal is compared with the inductor current signal (Iout1, Iout2) in the rectifier filter circuit and then input to the second PID control module. After PID adjustment again, it is compared with the input voltage feedforward signal Vin of the emergency power supply and the rated input voltage signal Vrat and then input to the microcontroller. The microcontroller processes the signal to generate different PWM wave signals and outputs them to the PWM control circuit to control the inverter resonant circuit and the switching transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q6, and Q7 of the gain unit, thereby regulating the stable output voltage. Here, Vrat is the rated voltage of the power supply, which is known information of the measured power supply, and Vref is the voltage set at the output port (the required output voltage, such as 5V, 12V, etc., which is known).

[0066] This invention also provides a control method for a multi-voltage level intelligent magnesium-air emergency power supply, comprising the following steps:

[0067] Step 1: Generate high-frequency voltage through a magnesium-air emergency power supply via an inverter resonant circuit;

[0068] Step 2: Then, different voltage levels are obtained by using transformers and different rectifier and filter circuits;

[0069] Step 3: Finally, the output voltage is obtained through a voltage gain circuit.

[0070] In another embodiment, the different output voltages of each circuit are weighted and controlled by feedback and then PID-regulated. The voltage signal is compared with the inductor current and then PID control is performed. The input voltage is compared with the rated voltage and finally processed to the PWM generator to control the switching transistor, thereby outputting stable voltages of different levels.

[0071] In operation, the power supply Vin is a magnesium-air battery, and capacitor C5 stores energy in the battery. A full-bridge LLC resonant converter composed of switching transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 is controlled by a PWM control circuit to achieve free switching of the transistors and reduce switching losses. Two output voltages are generated by transformer T1, rectified by full-wave bridge rectifiers D7 and D8, and filtered by coupling inductors L2 and L5. When switching transistors Q6 and Q7 are off, diodes D2, D3, D5, and D6 are on, capacitors C8, C9, C11, and C12 are charged, and inductors L3, L4, L6, and L7 are discharged. When switching transistors Q6 and Q7 are on, diodes D2, D3, D5, and D6 are off, inductors L3, L4, L6, and L7 are charged, and capacitors C8, C9, C11, and C12 are discharged, resulting in the amplified output voltage.

[0072] like Figure 2 This is a simulation diagram based on the connection structure of a transformer circuit. Magnesium-air emergency power supplies often experience multi-port loads during operation. When one port is under load, it causes voltage fluctuations at other ports. To address this, output voltage weighted feedback and inductor coupling in the filter circuit are implemented to reduce load cross-regulation. The intense chemical reactions within the magnesium-air emergency power supply can cause input voltage fluctuations. The input voltage is monitored in real-time via input voltage feedforward. The output voltages from different ports are weighted and compared with a reference voltage to obtain the voltage fluctuation value. When the voltage output fluctuation is large, PD regulation is used to improve system dynamics and stability. When the voltage output fluctuation is small, PI regulation is used to reduce steady-state error. This is then compared with the feedback signal from the filter inductor current for PI control. This result is then multiplied by the input voltage feedforward value and fed into a PWM generator to produce PWM waves with different duty cycles. Finally, the signal returns to the inverter circuit to generate the required pulse rectangular wave, and then back to the voltage gain circuit for control to achieve the desired gain effect, resulting in a stable output voltage.

[0073] like Figure 3The figure shows the discharge curve of the magnesium-air emergency power supply of the present invention. The output voltage fluctuates more violently in the first half of the figure, which is suitable for PD regulation, while the output voltage changes less in the second half, which is suitable for PI regulation.

[0074] like Figure 4 The schematic diagram of the output voltage conversion circuit shown illustrates that when a load is connected to the output terminal or during long-term discharge, two (or more) output voltages are acquired. Weighted negative feedback is applied based on the weight ratio of the output voltages. After comparison with the reference output voltage, PID control is performed. Then, after comparison with the circuit inductor current, PID adjustment is performed again. The adjusted signal, along with the signal obtained by comparing the power supply input voltage feedforward and the rated voltage, is transmitted to the microcontroller. Finally, a PWM wave is generated to control the transformer circuit, adjusting the switching transistors and coupling inductors to achieve a stable output voltage.

[0075] like Figure 5 The output port voltage waveform diagram is shown for control without input voltage feedforward and output voltage feedback.

[0076] like Figure 6 This is a waveform diagram of the output port voltage of the present invention;

[0077] from Figure 5 and Figure 6 It can be seen that the output voltage of this invention has stronger overshoot capability and better steady-state performance, lower cross-regulation, and different ports can output different levels of stable voltage.

[0078] Figure 7 The battery current acquisition module, battery voltage acquisition module, and temperature sensor module can collect data on the individual cell voltage, battery pack voltage, battery pack current, and power supply temperature of the magnesium-air emergency power supply. Based on this data, the microcontroller estimates the power supply's state of charge (SOC) using an algorithm, outputs different types of stable voltages through an output voltage conversion circuit, and displays the various data (voltage, current, temperature, SOC) on a screen. When any of the above data is abnormal or malfunctions, the microcontroller controls the discharge protection module to cut off the power supply for protection.

[0079] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the invention, but the scope of protection of the invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions conceived without inventive effort should be included within the scope of protection of the invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the invention should be determined by the scope defined in the claims.

Claims

1. A multi-voltage level intelligent magnesium-air emergency power supply comprising a voltage output circuit, characterized in that: The voltage output circuit includes a control circuit and a transformer circuit; ​ The control circuit includes a voltage acquisition module, an output feedback circuit, a microcontroller, and a PWM control circuit. One end of the voltage acquisition module is connected to the multiple outputs of the transformer circuit, and the other end is connected to the output feedback circuit. The input of the microcontroller is connected to the output of the output feedback circuit, and the output of the microcontroller is connected to the input of the PWM control circuit. The output of the PWM control circuit is connected to the inverter resonant circuit. The output feedback circuit includes a weighted control module, a first PID control module, and a second PID control module. The output feedback circuit acquires the output voltage and performs weighted control. One end of the weighted control module receives the output voltages from the Vout1 and Vout2 terminals of the gain unit, and the other end is connected to the input terminal of the first PID control module; the output terminal of the first PID control module and the output port of the gain unit are connected to the input terminal of the second PID control module. The transformer circuit includes an inverter resonant circuit, a voltage conversion circuit, a rectifier filter circuit, and a transformer gain circuit. The input terminal of the inverter resonant circuit is connected to the output terminal of the magnesium-air battery, the output terminal of the inverter resonant circuit is connected to the input terminal of the rectifier filter circuit, the input terminal of the gain unit is connected to the output terminal of the rectifier filter circuit, and the output terminal of the gain unit is connected to the output terminal of the voltage acquisition circuit. The inverter resonant circuit includes switching transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4, resistor R1, inductor L1, and capacitor C6. The drain of switching transistor Q1 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the magnesium-air battery. The drain of switching transistor Q3 is electrically connected to the source terminal of switching transistor Q1, and the source terminal of switching transistor Q3 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the battery. The drain of switching transistor Q2 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the battery. The drain of switching transistor Q4 is electrically connected to the source terminal of switching transistor Q2, and the source terminal of switching transistor Q4 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the battery. One end of resistor R1 is electrically connected to the source terminal of the switching transistors, and the other end of resistor R1 is connected to inductor L1. The two ends of inductor L1 are electrically connected to resistor R1 and capacitor C6, respectively. The inverter resonant circuit also includes capacitors C1, C2, C3, and C4, which are electrically connected to the drain and source terminals of switching transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4, respectively. The voltage conversion circuit includes a transformer T1. One input terminal of the transformer T1 is electrically connected to a capacitor C6, and the other input terminal is electrically connected to the drain terminal of the switching transistor Q4. The rectifier and filter circuit includes full-wave bridge rectifiers D7 and D8, coupling inductors L2 and L5, diodes D1 and D4, capacitors C7 and C10, and resistors R2, R3, R5, and R6. Full-wave bridge rectifiers D7 and D8 are electrically connected to the two output terminals of transformer T1, respectively. The two ends of coupling inductor L2 are electrically connected to the positive terminal of diode D1 and the positive terminal of full-wave bridge rectifier D7, respectively. Coupling inductor L5 is electrically connected to the diode... The positive terminal of diode D4 is electrically connected to full-wave bridge rectifier D8; the negative terminal of diode D1 is electrically connected to one end of capacitor C7 and resistor R3 respectively; the negative terminal of diode D4 is electrically connected to one end of capacitor C10 and resistor R6 respectively; the other end of capacitor C7 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R2, and the other end of capacitor C10 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R5; the other ends of resistors R2 and R3 are electrically connected to full-wave bridge rectifier D7, and the other ends of resistors R5 and R6 are electrically connected to full-wave bridge rectifier D8. Transformer T1 has two or more output terminals; The transformer gain circuit includes switching transistors Q6 and Q7, diodes D2, D3 and D5, diode D6, inductors L3, L4, L6, and L7, capacitors C8, C9, C11, and C12, and resistors R4 and R7. The drain of switching transistor Q6 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of diode D1, and the drain of switching transistor Q7 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of diode D4. One end of inductor L3 is electrically connected to the source terminal of switching transistor Q6, and the other end of inductor L3 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of resistor R3. One end of inductor L6 is electrically connected to the source terminal of switching transistor Q7, and the other end of inductor L6 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of resistor R6. One end of inductor L4 is electrically connected to both the source terminal of switching transistor Q6 and the negative terminal of diode D2. The other end is electrically connected to one end of capacitor C8, and the other end of capacitor C8 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of resistor R3. One end of inductor L7 is electrically connected to the source terminal of switching transistor Q7 and the negative terminal of diode D5, and the other end of inductor L7 is electrically connected to one end of capacitor C11, and the other end of capacitor C11 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of resistor R6. One end of diode D3 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of inductor L3, and the other end of diode D3 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of inductor L4. One end of capacitor C9 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of diode D2, and the other end of capacitor C9 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of resistor R3. One end of capacitor C12 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of diode D5, and the other end of capacitor C12 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of resistor R6. Resistor R4 is connected in parallel across capacitor C9, and resistor R7 is connected in parallel across capacitor C12. One end of capacitor C5 is connected to the positive terminal of the magnesium-air battery, and the other end of capacitor C5 is grounded. The PWM control circuit is electrically connected to the gate terminals of switching transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q6, Q7, and Q8 respectively, and its duty cycle can be adjusted between 0 and 1. One end of resistors R4 and R7 is the circuit voltage output terminal.

2. A multi-voltage level intelligent magnesium-air emergency power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power supply Vin is a magnesium-air battery, and capacitor C5 stores energy in the battery. A full-bridge LLC resonant converter composed of switching transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 is controlled by a PWM control circuit to achieve free switching of the transistors and reduce switching losses. Two output voltages are generated by transformer T1, which are rectified by full-wave bridge rectifiers D7 and D8, and then filtered by coupling inductors L2 and L5. When switching transistors Q6 and Q7 are off, diodes D2, D3, D5, and D6 are on, capacitors C8, C9, C11, and C12 are charged, and inductors L3, L4, L6, and L7 are discharged. When switching transistors Q6 and Q7 are on, diodes D2, D3, D5, and D6 are off, inductors L3, L4, L6, and L7 are charged, and capacitors C8, C9, C11, and C12 are discharged. The output terminal then obtains the voltage after gain.

3. The multi-voltage level intelligent magnesium-air emergency power supply according to claim 2, characterized in that: Magnesium-air emergency power supplies often experience multi-port loads during operation. When one port is under load, it can cause voltage fluctuations at other ports. To address this, output voltage weighted feedback and inductor coupling in the filter circuit are implemented to reduce load cross-regulation. The intense chemical reactions within the magnesium-air emergency power supply can also cause input voltage fluctuations. Input voltage feedforward is used to monitor the power supply input voltage in real time. The output voltages from different ports are weighted and compared with a reference voltage to obtain the voltage fluctuation value. When the voltage output fluctuation is large, PD regulation is used to improve system dynamics and stability; when the voltage output fluctuation is small, PI regulation is used to reduce steady-state error. The signal is then compared with the feedback signal of the filter inductor current and PI control is applied. At this point, the signal is multiplied by the value of the input voltage after feedforward and sent to the PWM generator to generate PWM waves with different duty cycles. Finally, the signal returns to the inverter circuit to generate the required pulse rectangular wave and returns to the voltage gain circuit for control to generate the required gain effect, thus obtaining a stable output voltage.

4. A multi-voltage level intelligent magnesium-air emergency power supply according to claim 3, characterized in that: When a load is connected to the output terminal or during long-term discharge, the two output voltages are acquired and weighted negative feedback is performed according to the weight ratio of the output voltages. After comparison with the reference output voltage, PID control is performed, and then PID adjustment is performed again after comparison with the circuit inductor current. The adjusted signal is fed forward with the power supply input voltage and the rated voltage signal and sent to the microcontroller. Finally, a PWM wave is generated to control the transformer circuit, which adjusts the switching transistor and the coupling inductor to achieve the purpose of stabilizing the output voltage.

5. A multi-voltage level smart magnesium-air emergency power supply according to claim 4, characterized in that: The system collects parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature from the magnesium-air emergency power supply, and then estimates the SOC of the emergency power supply. When abnormalities are detected in parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature of the emergency power supply, an alarm is triggered, and the discharge protection module provides fault protection for the emergency power supply. Voltage, current, temperature, SOC, and different levels of output voltage generated by the voltage conversion circuit are all displayed in real time on the screen.

6. The control method of a multi-voltage level intelligent magnesium air emergency power supply according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1: Generate high-frequency voltage through a magnesium-air emergency power supply via an inverter resonant circuit; Step 2: Then, different voltage levels are obtained by using transformers and different rectifier and filter circuits; Step 3: Finally, the output voltage is obtained through a voltage gain circuit.

7. The control method for a multi-voltage level intelligent magnesium-air emergency power supply according to claim 6, characterized in that: After weighted control feedback of different output voltages of each circuit, PID adjustment is performed. The voltage signal is compared with the inductor current and then PID control is performed. The input voltage is compared with the rated voltage and finally processed to the PWM generator to control the switching transistor, thereby outputting stable voltages of different levels.

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