Battery charging methods, apparatus, devices and readable storage media

Abstract

This invention provides a battery charging method, apparatus, device, and readable storage medium. The method includes: charging a battery periodically, wherein the number of periods is an integer greater than or equal to two, wherein each period includes a pulse charging phase and a pulse discharging phase; during the pulse charging phase of each period, charging the battery for a first preset duration according to the pulse charging current corresponding to each period; and during the pulse discharging phase of each period, discharging the battery for a second preset duration according to the pulse discharging current corresponding to each period; and when the battery voltage reaches a preset charging cutoff voltage, performing constant-voltage charging on the battery at the preset charging cutoff voltage. Through this invention, by charging the battery periodically and introducing a pulse discharging phase in each period, the charging polarization phenomenon is controlled and eliminated, thereby ensuring the battery charging rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery management technology, and in particular to a battery charging method, apparatus, device, and readable storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the most widely used charging technology is constant current constant voltage charging, which involves charging the battery with a constant current to the cutoff voltage, and then charging it with a constant voltage at the cutoff voltage. However, due to the inherent internal resistance of the battery, constant current constant voltage charging causes continuous accumulation of battery polarization.

[0003] Battery polarization refers to the phenomenon where current flows through a battery, causing it to deviate from its equilibrium electrode potential. Battery polarization affects the charging speed of the battery. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this invention is to provide a battery charging method, apparatus, device, and readable storage medium, aiming to solve the technical problem that battery polarization accumulates continuously when charging batteries using a constant current and constant voltage method in the prior art.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a battery charging method, the battery charging method comprising:

[0006] The battery is charged in cycles, the number of cycles being an integer greater than or equal to 2. Each cycle includes a pulse charging phase and a pulse discharging phase. In the pulse charging phase of each cycle, the battery is charged for a first preset duration according to the pulse charging current corresponding to each cycle. In the pulse discharging phase of each cycle, the battery is discharged for a second preset duration according to the pulse discharging current corresponding to each cycle.

[0007] When the battery voltage reaches the preset charging cutoff voltage, the battery is charged at a constant voltage using the preset charging cutoff voltage.

[0008] Optionally, the battery charging method includes:

[0009] When the battery state of charge at the start of the i-th cycle is lower than the maximum state of charge corresponding to the second lithium intercalation platform of the negative electrode graphite, the pulse charging current corresponding to the i-th cycle is obtained based on the first calculation formula, which is:

[0010]

[0011] Where i is an integer, and 1≤i≤N, N is the number of cycles, A1 and B1 are the material chemical reaction rate coefficients corresponding to the ambient temperature at the start of the i-th cycle, C1 is the SOC coefficient, D1 is the temperature coefficient, SOC1 is the battery state of charge at the start of the i-th cycle, R is the molar gas constant, T is the ambient temperature at the start of the i-th cycle, SOH is the ratio of battery capacity to nominal capacity, SOC0 is the minimum state of charge corresponding to the second lithium intercalation platform of the negative electrode graphite, and e is the natural constant.

[0012] Optionally, the battery charging method includes:

[0013] When the battery state of charge at the start of the i-th cycle is higher than the maximum state of charge corresponding to the second lithium intercalation platform of the negative electrode graphite, the pulse charging current corresponding to the i-th cycle is obtained based on the second calculation formula, which is:

[0014]

[0015] Among them, I i Let A2 be the pulse charging current corresponding to the i-th cycle, B2 be the material chemical reaction rate coefficients corresponding to the ambient temperature at the start of the i-th cycle, C2 and D2 be the SOC coefficients, E2 be the temperature coefficient, F2 be the SOH health coefficient, SOC2 be the battery state of charge at the start of the i-th cycle, T be the ambient temperature at the start of the i-th cycle, SOH be the ratio of battery capacity to nominal capacity, R be the molar gas constant, and e be the natural constant.

[0016] Optionally, the pulse charging current corresponding to each cycle is greater than the pulse discharging current.

[0017] Optionally, each cycle may further include a resting phase, which is a phase in which the battery is not charged or discharged.

[0018] Secondly, the present invention also provides a battery charging device, the battery charging device comprising:

[0019] A periodic charging module is used to charge the battery periodically. The number of periods is an integer greater than or equal to 2. Each period includes a pulse charging phase and a pulse discharging phase. During the pulse charging phase of each period, the battery is charged for a first preset duration according to the pulse charging current corresponding to each period. During the pulse discharging phase of each period, the battery is discharged for a second preset duration according to the pulse discharging current corresponding to each period.

[0020] A constant voltage charging module is used to charge the battery at a constant voltage when the battery voltage reaches a preset charging cutoff voltage.

[0021] Optionally, the battery charging device includes:

[0022] The first current determination module is used to determine the pulse charging current corresponding to the i-th cycle based on a first calculation formula when the battery state of charge at the start of the i-th cycle is lower than the maximum state of charge corresponding to the second lithium intercalation platform of the negative electrode graphite. The first calculation formula is as follows:

[0023]

[0024] Where i is an integer, and 1≤i≤N, N is the number of cycles, A1 and B1 are the material chemical reaction rate coefficients corresponding to the ambient temperature at the start of the i-th cycle, C1 is the SOC coefficient, D1 is the temperature coefficient, SOC1 is the battery state of charge at the start of the i-th cycle, R is the molar gas constant, T is the ambient temperature at the start of the i-th cycle, SOH is the ratio of battery capacity to nominal capacity, SOC0 is the minimum state of charge corresponding to the second lithium intercalation platform of the negative electrode graphite, and e is the natural constant.

[0025] Optionally, the battery charging device includes:

[0026] The second current determination module is used to obtain the pulse charging current corresponding to the i-th cycle based on the second calculation formula when the battery state of charge at the beginning of the i-th cycle is higher than the maximum state of charge corresponding to the second lithium intercalation platform of the negative electrode graphite. The second calculation formula is as follows:

[0027]

[0028] Among them, I i Let A2 be the pulse charging current corresponding to the i-th cycle, B2 be the material chemical reaction rate coefficients corresponding to the ambient temperature at the start of the i-th cycle, C2 and D2 be the SOC coefficients, E2 be the temperature coefficient, F2 be the SOH health coefficient, SOC2 be the battery state of charge at the start of the i-th cycle, T be the ambient temperature at the start of the i-th cycle, SOH be the ratio of battery capacity to nominal capacity, R be the molar gas constant, and e be the natural constant.

[0029] Thirdly, the present invention also provides a battery charging device, the battery charging device including a processor, a memory, and a battery charging program stored in the memory and executable by the processor, wherein when the battery charging program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the battery charging method as described above.

[0030] Fourthly, the present invention also provides a readable storage medium storing a battery charging program, wherein when the battery charging program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the battery charging method described above.

[0031] In this invention, the battery is charged periodically, with the number of periods being an integer greater than or equal to two. Each period includes a pulse charging phase and a pulse discharging phase. During the pulse charging phase of each period, the battery is charged for a first preset duration according to the pulse charging current corresponding to that period. During the pulse discharging phase of each period, the battery is discharged for a second preset duration according to the pulse discharging current corresponding to that period. When the battery voltage reaches a preset charging cutoff voltage, the battery is charged at a constant voltage using the preset charging cutoff voltage. Through this invention, the battery is charged periodically, and a pulse discharging phase is introduced in each period, thereby controlling and eliminating charging polarization, thus ensuring the charging rate of the battery. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of the battery charging device involved in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart of an embodiment of the battery charging method of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the functional modules of an embodiment of the battery charging device of the present invention.

[0035] The realization of the objective, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0036] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0037] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a battery charging device.

[0038] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of a battery charging device involved in an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the battery charging device may include a processor 1001 (e.g., a Central Processing Unit, CPU), a communication bus 1002, a user interface 1003, a network interface 1004, and a memory 1005. The communication bus 1002 is used to implement communication between these components; the user interface 1003 may include a display screen or an input unit such as a keyboard; the network interface 1004 may optionally include a standard wired interface or a wireless interface (e.g., Wireless Fidelity, Wi-Fi); the memory 1005 may be high-speed random access memory (RAM) or stable memory (non-volatile memory), such as a disk storage device. Alternatively, the memory 1005 may also be a storage device independent of the aforementioned processor 1001. Those skilled in the art will understand that… Figure 1 The hardware structure shown does not constitute a limitation of the invention and may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0039] Continue to refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 The memory 1005, serving as a computer storage medium, may include an operating system, a network communication module, a user interface module, and a battery charging program. The processor 1001 can call the battery charging program stored in the memory 1005 and execute the battery charging method provided in this embodiment of the invention.

[0040] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide a battery charging method.

[0041] In one embodiment, reference is made to Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart of an embodiment of the battery charging method of the present invention. Figure 2 As shown, the battery charging method includes:

[0042] Step S10: Charge the battery according to a cycle. The number of cycles is an integer greater than or equal to 2. Each cycle includes a pulse charging stage and a pulse discharging stage. In the pulse charging stage of each cycle, the battery is charged for a first preset duration according to the pulse charging current corresponding to each cycle. In the pulse discharging stage of each cycle, the battery is discharged for a second preset duration according to the pulse discharging current corresponding to each cycle.

[0043] In this embodiment, the number of cycles is an integer greater than or equal to 2, and the specific number can be set according to actual needs. The duration of each cycle can also be set according to actual needs.

[0044] Each cycle includes a pulse charging phase and a pulse discharging phase. During the pulse charging phase, the battery is charged for a first preset duration according to the pulse charging current corresponding to that cycle. During the pulse discharging phase, the battery is discharged for a second preset duration according to the pulse discharging current corresponding to that cycle. Both the first and second preset durations are set according to actual needs. For example, the first preset duration is between 0.1 seconds and 600 seconds, preferably between 5 seconds and 30 seconds; the second preset duration is between 0.01 seconds and 600 seconds, preferably between 0.5 seconds and 10 seconds.

[0045] The pulse charging current for each cycle is calculated based on the relationship between the battery's state of charge at the start of the cycle and the maximum state of charge corresponding to the second lithium intercalation platform of the negative electrode graphite, using the appropriate calculation method.

[0046] Furthermore, in one embodiment, the pulse charging current corresponding to each cycle is greater than the pulse discharging current.

[0047] In this embodiment, after determining the pulse charging current within the same cycle, the pulse discharging current is determined based on the pulse charging current. The principle is that the pulse charging current for each cycle is greater than the pulse discharging current. For example, after determining the pulse charging current within the same cycle, a fixed value (which is set according to actual needs) is subtracted from the pulse charging current, and the calculated value is used as the pulse discharging current. This is only an illustrative example; other methods can also be used to ensure that the pulse charging current for each cycle is greater than the pulse discharging current.

[0048] Step S20: When the battery voltage reaches the preset charging cutoff voltage, the battery is charged at a constant voltage using the preset charging cutoff voltage.

[0049] In this embodiment, the preset charging cutoff voltage is set based on the actual battery system and system control requirements. When the battery voltage reaches the preset charging cutoff voltage, the periodic charging of the battery is stopped, and the battery is charged at a constant voltage using the preset charging cutoff voltage until the battery capacity reaches the preset capacity.

[0050] In this embodiment, the battery is charged periodically, with the number of periods being an integer greater than or equal to two. Each period includes a pulse charging phase and a pulse discharging phase. During the pulse charging phase of each period, the battery is charged for a first preset duration according to the pulse charging current corresponding to that period. During the pulse discharging phase of each period, the battery is discharged for a second preset duration according to the pulse discharging current corresponding to that period. When the battery voltage reaches a preset charging cutoff voltage, the battery is charged at a constant voltage using the preset charging cutoff voltage. Through this embodiment, by charging the battery periodically and introducing a pulse discharging phase in each period, the charging polarization phenomenon is controlled and eliminated, thereby reducing battery capacity decay and ensuring the battery charging rate.

[0051] Furthermore, in one embodiment, the battery charging method includes:

[0052] When the battery state of charge at the start of the i-th cycle is lower than the maximum state of charge corresponding to the second lithium intercalation platform of the negative electrode graphite, the pulse charging current corresponding to the i-th cycle is obtained based on the first calculation formula, which is:

[0053]

[0054] Where i is an integer, and 1≤i≤N, N is the number of cycles, A1 and B1 are the material chemical reaction rate coefficients corresponding to the ambient temperature at the start of the i-th cycle, C1 is the SOC coefficient, D1 is the temperature coefficient, SOC1 is the battery state of charge at the start of the i-th cycle, R is the molar gas constant, T is the ambient temperature at the start of the i-th cycle, SOH is the ratio of battery capacity to nominal capacity, SOC0 is the minimum state of charge corresponding to the second lithium intercalation platform of the negative electrode graphite, and e is the natural constant.

[0055] In this embodiment, the state of charge (SOC) of the battery at the start of the i-th cycle is compared with the maximum SOC corresponding to the second lithium intercalation platform of the negative electrode graphite. When the SOC of the battery at the start of the i-th cycle is lower than the maximum SOC corresponding to the second lithium intercalation platform of the negative electrode graphite, the pulse charging current corresponding to the i-th cycle is obtained based on the first calculation formula, which is:

[0056]

[0057] Among them, I iThe pulse charging current corresponding to the i-th cycle; A1 and B1 are the material chemical reaction rate coefficients corresponding to the ambient temperature at the start of the i-th cycle, and D1 is the temperature coefficient. The current carrying capacity of the battery can be determined by actual battery pulse power testing. The specific values ​​of A1, B1, and D1 can be derived by fitting calculation; C1 is the SOC coefficient, which is set according to actual needs; SOC1 is the battery state of charge at the start of the i-th cycle; R is the molar gas constant; T is the ambient temperature at the start of the i-th cycle; SOH is the ratio of battery capacity (referring to the battery capacity at the start of the i-th cycle) to nominal capacity; SOC0 is the minimum state of charge corresponding to the second lithium intercalation platform of the negative electrode graphite; e is the natural constant.

[0058] It should be noted that the above is only an illustrative explanation of the first calculation formula. The pulse charging current corresponding to the i-th cycle can also be calculated using other formulas. The principle followed is that when the battery's state of charge is lower than the maximum state of charge corresponding to the second lithium intercalation platform of the negative electrode graphite, the pulse charging current corresponding to the next cycle is greater than the pulse charging current corresponding to the previous cycle. In addition, the charging current change in the first stage (corresponding to the first calculation formula) in this embodiment fully considers the changes and effects of SOH throughout the battery's entire service life, which can further ensure the safe use of the battery and prevent battery abuse.

[0059] In this embodiment, when the state of charge of the battery at the beginning of the i-th cycle is lower than the maximum state of charge corresponding to the second lithium intercalation platform of the negative electrode graphite, it indicates that the battery charging capability is weak. Therefore, the pulse charging current is set based on the principle that the pulse charging current corresponding to the next cycle is greater than the pulse charging current corresponding to the previous cycle. This can avoid lithium plating in the low SOC segment of the battery and ensure the charging speed.

[0060] Furthermore, in one embodiment, the battery charging method includes:

[0061] When the battery state of charge at the start of the i-th cycle is higher than the maximum state of charge corresponding to the second lithium intercalation platform of the negative electrode graphite, the pulse charging current corresponding to the i-th cycle is obtained based on the second calculation formula, which is:

[0062]

[0063] Among them, I i Let A2 be the pulse charging current corresponding to the i-th cycle, B2 be the material chemical reaction rate coefficients corresponding to the ambient temperature at the start of the i-th cycle, C2 and D2 be the SOC coefficients, E2 be the temperature coefficient, F2 be the SOH health coefficient, SOC2 be the battery state of charge at the start of the i-th cycle, T be the ambient temperature at the start of the i-th cycle, SOH be the ratio of battery capacity to nominal capacity, R be the molar gas constant, and e be the natural constant.

[0064] In this embodiment, the state of charge (SOC) of the battery at the start of the i-th cycle is compared with the maximum SOC corresponding to the second lithium intercalation platform of the negative electrode graphite. When the SOC of the battery at the start of the i-th cycle is higher than the maximum SOC corresponding to the second lithium intercalation platform of the negative electrode graphite, the pulse charging current corresponding to the i-th cycle is obtained based on the second calculation formula. The second calculation formula is as follows:

[0065]

[0066] Among them, I i A1 represents the pulse charging current corresponding to the i-th cycle; A2 and B2 are the material chemical reaction rate coefficients corresponding to the ambient temperature at the start of the i-th cycle. These coefficients can be determined based on the actual pulse power test of the battery to determine its current carrying capacity, and the specific values ​​of A2 and B2 can be derived through fitting calculations; C2 and D2 are the SOC coefficients, set according to actual needs; E2 is the temperature coefficient, set according to actual needs; F2 is the SOH health coefficient, set according to actual needs; SOC2 is the battery state of charge at the start of the i-th cycle; T is the ambient temperature at the start of the i-th cycle; SOH is the ratio of battery capacity (referring to the battery capacity at the start of the i-th cycle) to nominal capacity; R is the molar gas constant; and e is the natural constant.

[0067] It should be noted that the above is only an illustrative explanation of the second calculation formula. The pulse charging current corresponding to the i-th cycle can also be calculated using other formulas. The principle followed is that when the battery's state of charge is higher than the maximum state of charge corresponding to the second lithium intercalation platform of the negative electrode graphite, the pulse charging current corresponding to the next cycle is less than the pulse charging current corresponding to the previous cycle.

[0068] In this embodiment, considering that the battery's charging capacity gradually decreases as the battery's state of charge increases, this method can effectively avoid lithium plating caused by the decrease in charging capacity after battery capacity decays. Furthermore, the charging current change in the second stage (corresponding to the second calculation formula) in this embodiment fully considers the changes and impacts of SOH throughout the battery's entire lifespan, further ensuring the safe use of the battery and preventing battery abuse.

[0069] Furthermore, in one embodiment, each cycle also includes a resting phase, which is a phase in which the battery is not charged or discharged.

[0070] In this embodiment, the number of resting stages and the duration of the resting stages are set according to actual needs.

[0071] For example, when the number of resting stages is 1, in one cycle, the battery first enters the pulse charging stage, that is, the battery is charged for a first preset time according to the pulse charging current corresponding to the current cycle; then, the battery enters the resting stage, during which the battery is not charged or discharged; after the resting stage ends, the battery enters the pulse discharging stage, that is, the battery is discharged for a second preset time according to the pulse discharging current corresponding to the current cycle.

[0072] When the number of resting stages is 2, in one cycle, the pulse charging stage is entered first, that is, the battery is charged for a first preset time according to the pulse charging current corresponding to the current cycle; then, the first resting stage is entered; after the first resting stage ends, the pulse discharging stage is entered, that is, the battery is discharged for a second preset time according to the pulse discharging current corresponding to the current cycle; then, the second resting stage is entered.

[0073] Thirdly, embodiments of the present invention also provide a battery charging device.

[0074] In one embodiment, reference is made to Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a functional module diagram of an embodiment of the battery charging device of the present invention. Figure 3 As shown, the battery charging device includes:

[0075] The cycle charging module 10 is used to charge the battery in cycles, the number of cycles being an integer greater than or equal to 2, wherein each cycle includes a pulse charging phase and a pulse discharging phase. In the pulse charging phase of each cycle, the battery is charged for a first preset duration according to the pulse charging current corresponding to each cycle, and in the pulse discharging phase of each cycle, the battery is discharged for a second preset duration according to the pulse discharging current corresponding to each cycle.

[0076] The constant voltage charging module 20 is used to charge the battery at a constant voltage when the battery voltage reaches the preset charging cutoff voltage.

[0077] Furthermore, in one embodiment, the battery charging device includes:

[0078] The first current determination module is used to determine the pulse charging current corresponding to the i-th cycle based on a first calculation formula when the battery state of charge at the start of the i-th cycle is lower than the maximum state of charge corresponding to the second lithium intercalation platform of the negative electrode graphite. The first calculation formula is as follows:

[0079]

[0080] Where i is an integer, and 1≤i≤N, N is the number of cycles, A1 and B1 are the material chemical reaction rate coefficients corresponding to the ambient temperature at the start of the i-th cycle, C1 is the SOC coefficient, D1 is the temperature coefficient, SOC1 is the battery state of charge at the start of the i-th cycle, R is the molar gas constant, T is the ambient temperature at the start of the i-th cycle, SOH is the ratio of battery capacity to nominal capacity, SOC0 is the minimum state of charge corresponding to the second lithium intercalation platform of the negative electrode graphite, and e is the natural constant.

[0081] Furthermore, in one embodiment, the battery charging device includes:

[0082] The second current determination module is used to obtain the pulse charging current corresponding to the i-th cycle based on the second calculation formula when the battery state of charge at the beginning of the i-th cycle is higher than the maximum state of charge corresponding to the second lithium intercalation platform of the negative electrode graphite. The second calculation formula is as follows:

[0083]

[0084] Among them, I i Let A2 be the pulse charging current corresponding to the i-th cycle, B2 be the material chemical reaction rate coefficients corresponding to the ambient temperature at the start of the i-th cycle, C2 and D2 be the SOC coefficients, E2 be the temperature coefficient, F2 be the SOH health coefficient, SOC2 be the battery state of charge at the start of the i-th cycle, T be the ambient temperature at the start of the i-th cycle, SOH be the ratio of battery capacity to nominal capacity, R be the molar gas constant, and e be the natural constant.

[0085] Furthermore, in one embodiment, the pulse charging current corresponding to each cycle is greater than the pulse discharging current.

[0086] Furthermore, in one embodiment, each cycle also includes a resting phase, which is a phase in which the battery is not charged or discharged.

[0087] The functions of each module in the battery charging device correspond to the steps in the battery charging method embodiments described above, and their functions and implementation processes will not be described in detail here.

[0088] Fourthly, embodiments of the present invention also provide a readable storage medium.

[0089] The present invention provides a readable storage medium storing a battery charging program, wherein when the battery charging program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the battery charging method described above.

[0090] The method implemented when the battery charging procedure is executed can be referred to in various embodiments of the battery charging method of the present invention, and will not be repeated here.

[0091] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or system that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or system. Unless otherwise specified, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or system that includes that element.

[0092] The sequence numbers of the above embodiments of the present invention are for descriptive purposes only and do not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments.

[0093] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms. Of course, they can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk) as described above, and includes several instructions to cause a terminal device to execute the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention.

[0094] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the patent. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the description and drawings of the present invention, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the scope of patent protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A battery charging method, characterized in that, The battery charging method includes: The battery is charged in cycles, the number of cycles being an integer greater than or equal to 2. Each cycle includes a pulse charging phase and a pulse discharging phase. In the pulse charging phase of each cycle, the battery is charged for a first preset duration according to the pulse charging current corresponding to each cycle. In the pulse discharging phase of each cycle, the battery is discharged for a second preset duration according to the pulse discharging current corresponding to each cycle. When the battery voltage reaches the preset charging cutoff voltage, the battery is charged at a constant voltage using the preset charging cutoff voltage. Wherein, when the state of charge of the battery at the beginning of the i-th cycle is lower than the maximum state of charge corresponding to the second lithium intercalation platform of the negative electrode graphite, the pulse charging current corresponding to the i-th cycle is obtained based on the first calculation formula, which is: in, Let be the pulse charging current corresponding to the i-th cycle, where i is an integer, 1 ≤ i ≤ N, and N is the number of cycles. and C1 is the material chemical reaction rate coefficient corresponding to the ambient temperature at the start of the i-th cycle, D1 is the temperature coefficient, SOC1 is the battery state of charge at the start of the i-th cycle, R is the molar gas constant, T is the ambient temperature at the start of the i-th cycle, SOH is the ratio of battery capacity to nominal capacity, SOC0 is the minimum state of charge corresponding to the second lithium intercalation platform of the negative electrode graphite, and e is the natural constant. When the battery state of charge at the start of the i-th cycle is higher than the maximum state of charge corresponding to the second lithium intercalation platform of the negative electrode graphite, the pulse charging current corresponding to the i-th cycle is obtained based on the second calculation formula, which is: in, , C2 and D2 are the material chemical reaction rate coefficients corresponding to the ambient temperature at the start of the i-th cycle, E2 is the temperature coefficient, F2 is the SOH health coefficient, SOC2 is the battery state of charge at the start of the i-th cycle, T is the ambient temperature at the start of the i-th cycle, SOH is the ratio of battery capacity to nominal capacity, R is the molar gas constant, and e is the natural constant.

2. The battery charging method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The pulse charging current corresponding to each cycle is greater than the pulse discharging current.

3. The battery charging method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Each cycle also includes a resting phase, in which the battery is not charged or discharged.

4. A battery charging device, characterized in that, The battery charging device includes: A periodic charging module is used to charge the battery periodically. The number of periods is an integer greater than or equal to 2. Each period includes a pulse charging phase and a pulse discharging phase. During the pulse charging phase of each period, the battery is charged for a first preset duration according to the pulse charging current corresponding to each period. During the pulse discharging phase of each period, the battery is discharged for a second preset duration according to the pulse discharging current corresponding to each period. A constant voltage charging module is used to charge the battery at a constant voltage when the battery voltage reaches a preset charging cutoff voltage. The first current determination module is used to determine the pulse charging current corresponding to the i-th cycle based on a first calculation formula when the battery state of charge at the start of the i-th cycle is lower than the maximum state of charge corresponding to the second lithium intercalation platform of the negative electrode graphite. The first calculation formula is as follows: in, Let be the pulse charging current corresponding to the i-th cycle, where i is an integer, 1 ≤ i ≤ N, and N is the number of cycles. and C1 is the material chemical reaction rate coefficient corresponding to the ambient temperature at the start of the i-th cycle, D1 is the temperature coefficient, SOC1 is the battery state of charge at the start of the i-th cycle, R is the molar gas constant, T is the ambient temperature at the start of the i-th cycle, SOH is the ratio of battery capacity to nominal capacity, SOC0 is the minimum state of charge corresponding to the second lithium intercalation platform of the negative electrode graphite, and e is the natural constant. The second current determination module is used to obtain the pulse charging current corresponding to the i-th cycle based on the second calculation formula when the battery state of charge at the beginning of the i-th cycle is higher than the maximum state of charge corresponding to the second lithium intercalation platform of the negative electrode graphite. The second calculation formula is as follows: in, , C2 and D2 are the material chemical reaction rate coefficients corresponding to the ambient temperature at the start of the i-th cycle, E2 is the temperature coefficient, F2 is the SOH health coefficient, SOC2 is the battery state of charge at the start of the i-th cycle, T is the ambient temperature at the start of the i-th cycle, SOH is the ratio of battery capacity to nominal capacity, R is the molar gas constant, and e is the natural constant.

5. A battery charging device, characterized in that, The battery charging device includes a processor, a memory, and a battery charging program stored in the memory and executable by the processor, wherein when the battery charging program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the battery charging method as described in any one of claims 1 to 3.

6. A readable storage medium, characterized in that, The readable storage medium stores a battery charging program, wherein when the battery charging program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the battery charging method as described in any one of claims 1 to 3.

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