Universal drill guide system

Abstract

This disclosure relates to a universal drilling guidance system, the system comprising: a plurality of drill tubes, each drill tube having a drill bit channel; and a plurality of drill bits, each drill bit being insertable into the drill bit channel of each of the plurality of drill tubes. The inner diameter of each drill bit channel is different from the inner diameter of any of the other drill bit channels. The outer diameter of each of the plurality of drill bits is different from the outer diameter of any of the other drill bits. The outer diameter of each of the plurality of drill bits corresponds to the inner diameter of each drill bit channel. Therefore, each of the plurality of drill tubes is configured to work only with a corresponding drill bit of the plurality of drill bits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure generally relates to a universal drilling system for spinal fixation. Background Technology

[0002] Spinal fusion is a surgical procedure that involves removing a damaged vertebra and fusing it with a graft from an adjacent vertebra. The spine must be stabilized during fusion. To stabilize the spine, one or more fixation rods are anchored to the vertebrae to restrict movement.

[0003] The fixation rod is anchored to the vertebra using a bone screw driven into the vertebral body. Before the bone screw is driven into the vertebral body, a hole is prepared in the vertebral body in a minimally invasive manner using a universal drill guide system. In one possible procedure, the drill cannula is passed through a small incision and guided to a desired entry point on the vertebral body. A cortical punch is then advanced through the cannula to punch an initial hole in the cortex of the bone. The cortical punch is then removed from the cannula, and the drill bit is advanced through the cannula into the initial hole. Once the drill bit is aligned with the initial hole, the surgical drill is powered to drill a hole of the desired diameter and depth. After drilling the screw hole, the drill guide is removed, and the bone screw can be driven into the screw hole.

[0004] When drilling screw holes, the drilling depth must be carefully controlled to ensure that the drill bit does not penetrate too deeply into the vertebral body. One option for controlling drilling depth is to attach some type of drill stop to the drill tube to limit the distance the drill tip extends into the patient's body beyond the end of the drill tube. However, this option may be difficult to implement if multiple drill bits and drill tubes of different sizes must be accommodated.

[0005] Guiding the drill bit to the appropriate position can be difficult. Therefore, some drill bits have channels that allow the drill bit to pass through Kirschner lines, or "K lines." K lines can be attached to the bone at a desired location to precisely navigate the drill bit and other instruments to that position. While K lines are helpful for navigation, they present many challenges when using other instruments around them.

[0006] In drilling different screw holes, multiple drill bits and drill tubes are particularly necessary. To drill screw holes of different sizes, drill bits are designed with different drill diameters or different dimensions. Therefore, the surgeon must first carefully select the required drill bit and corresponding drill tube before assembling them. On the one hand, selection errors can occur because it is not easy to identify the (diameter) differences between multiple drill bits and multiple drill tubes. On the other hand, the selection process significantly increases the operation time.

[0007] It is known that documents US 2018 / 0271602 A1 and US 2012 / 0589192 A1 are other prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In this regard, this disclosure is based on the purpose of providing a universal drilling guidance system in which multiple drill bits and multiple drill pipes can be easily selected to avoid operational errors and shorten operation time.

[0009] According to this disclosure, this objective is achieved by a universal drill guide system comprising: a plurality of drill tubes, each having a drill bit channel; and a plurality of drill bits, each insertable into the drill bit channel of each of the plurality of drill tubes. The inner diameter of each drill bit channel differs from the inner diameter of any of the other drill bit channels. The outer diameter of each of the plurality of drill bits differs from the outer diameter of any of the other drill bits. The outer diameter of each of the plurality of drill bits corresponds to the inner diameter of each drill bit channel. Thus, each of the plurality of drill tubes is designed to work only with a corresponding drill bit among the plurality of drill bits. Therefore, inserting an unsuitable drill bit into an unsuitable drill tube is avoided. Simultaneously, the surgeon can conveniently select the appropriate drill bit and drill tube pair, shortening the duration of the operation. The universal drill guide system includes a universal drill guide and an automatic drill tube holder, the automatic drill tube holder including a locking ring rotatable between a locking orientation and a release orientation within the universal drill guide.

[0010] Advantageous embodiments of this disclosure are explained in more detail below.

[0011] Preferably, the plurality of drill pipes includes a first drill pipe, a second drill pipe, and a third drill pipe, and the plurality of drill bits includes at least one first drill bit corresponding to the first drill pipe, at least one second drill bit corresponding to the second drill pipe, and at least one third drill bit corresponding to the third drill pipe.

[0012] Each of the multiple drill pipes has a matching mark different from any of the other drill pipes. Each of the multiple drill bits has a matching mark different from any of the other drill bits. The matching mark of each drill bit corresponds to the matching mark of each of the multiple drill pipes. Preferably, the different matching marks appear around the circumference of each of the multiple drill pipes and each of the multiple drill bits in the form of different colored bands. These marks are used to help the user select the appropriate drill pipe for the selected drill bit. Therefore, the selection process of drill pipes and drill bits can be simplified and shortened, while effectively preventing selection errors.

[0013] Multiple drill pipes can be inserted into the opening of a universal drill guide. These multiple drill pipes have the same external dimensions. Therefore, different drill pipes can be inserted into the universal drill guide / its opening in the same way, effectively shortening the assembly process between the drill pipes and the universal drill guide.

[0014] A particular advantage is that the automatic drill pipe holder allows multiple drill pipes to be quickly and easily inserted into the opening of the universal drill guide. This effectively simplifies and shortens the assembly process between the drill pipe and the universal drill guide. No additional processes, such as screwing in the universal drill guide, are required, nor are any additional connecting auxiliary components needed.

[0015] The automatic drill pipe holder also includes a compression spring that applies a biasing force to the locking ring to bias the locking ring in a locking orientation. The automatic drill pipe holder further includes a switch to manually rotate the locking ring from the locking orientation to the release orientation against the biasing force of the compression spring.

[0016] Preferably, the locking ring includes an inwardly extending chamfer oriented / configured such that the sidewall of the drill pipe inserted into the automatic drill bit holder deflects the locking ring by an angle from the locking orientation in a direction opposing the bias of the compression spring. The locking ring remains deflected until a notch formed on the outer circumferential surface of the drill pipe aligns with the chamfer. This allows the drill pipe to be inserted into a universal drill guide using a quick-fit connection.

[0017] Each of the multiple drill bits includes a K-line channel for receiving one of a plurality of K-lines. The K-line channel of each of the multiple drill bits has an inner diameter different from any of the other K-line channels. The outer diameter of each of the multiple K-lines is different from the outer diameter of the other K-lines. The outer diameter of each of the K-lines corresponds to the inner diameter of each K-line channel. Therefore, K-lines can be received using only the corresponding drill bit. In other words, each of the multiple drill bits is designed to work only with a corresponding one of the multiple K-lines. Therefore, selection / assembly errors can be prevented while reducing selection / assembly time.

[0018] Furthermore, each of the multiple drill bits has a different drilling diameter than the others. In other words, the multiple drill bits have different drilling diameters configured to drill different screw holes.

[0019] In addition, each of the plurality of drill bits has a distal end and a relatively distal end, the proximal end being for attachment to the proximal end of the drill driver, and the relatively distal end having a cutting edge for drilling screw holes.

[0020] Preferably, the universal drill guide includes a drill stop. Each of the plurality of drill bits has a stop surface located between its proximal and distal ends. The stop surface mates with the drill stop to limit the distance the drill bit can advance into the bone during drilling. Therefore, improper drilling depth can be prevented. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The above overview and the following detailed description will be better understood in conjunction with the non-limiting examples shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0022] Figure 1 A perspective view of a general drilling system according to one aspect of this disclosure is shown;

[0023] Figure 2 The pairings are shown Figure 1 A front view of a set of drill pipes used in a general-purpose drilling system;

[0024] Figure 3 The pairings are shown Figure 1 A front view of a set of drill bits used in a general-purpose drilling system;

[0025] Figure 4 It shows Figure 1 A truncated perspective view of a general-purpose drilling system;

[0026] Figure 5 It shows Figure 1 A cut-off side view of a general-purpose drilling system, showing a spring-loaded lock in its first state;

[0027] Figure 6 It shows Figure 1 A cut-off side view of the general drilling system, showing the spring-loaded lock in the second state;

[0028] Figure 7 It shows Figure 1 A cross-sectional perspective view of the drill pipe holder of a general drilling system, showing the drill pipe holder in the first position;

[0029] Figure 8 It shows Figure 1 A cutaway perspective view of the drill pipe holder of a general drilling system, showing the drill pipe holder in the second position;

[0030] Figure 9A The first step of inserting the drill pipe is shown. Figure 1 A cutaway perspective view of the drill pipe holder for a general drilling system;

[0031] Figure 9B The second step of inserting the drill pipe is shown. Figure 1 A cutaway perspective view of the drill pipe holder for a general drilling system;

[0032] Figure 9C The third step of inserting the drill pipe is shown. Figure 1 A cutaway perspective view of the drill pipe holder for a general drilling system;

[0033] Figure 9D This shows the final step after inserting the drill pipe. Figure 1 A cutaway perspective view of the drill pipe holder for a general drilling system;

[0034] Figure 10 It shows Figure 1 Enlarged truncated perspective view of the drill pipe holder of a general drilling system in locked orientation;

[0035] Figure 11 It shows Figure 1 Enlarged truncated perspective view of the drill pipe holder of the general drilling rig shown in the release orientation;

[0036] Figure 12 It shows Figure 1 An enlarged perspective view of the components of a general drilling guide system, showing the components when the drill stop is in the position engaged with the drill bit;

[0037] Figure 13 It shows Figure 1 An enlarged perspective view of the components of a general drilling guide system, showing the components when the drill stop is in the position released from the drill bit;

[0038] Figure 14 It shows Figure 1 A truncated perspective view of a universal drilling system, showing the universal drilling system in the state of being removed from the drill pipe;

[0039] Figure 15 It shows Figure 1 Another sectional perspective view of the universal drilling guide system shows the universal drilling guide system removed from the drill pipe;

[0040] Figure 16 A perspective view of a casing drill bit and a K-line according to another aspect of this disclosure is shown;

[0041] Figure 17 An enlarged truncated view of a casing drill bit, a K-line, and a K-line retention mechanism according to another aspect of this disclosure is shown.

[0042] Figure 18 It shows Figure 17 Enlarged cross-sectional view of the casing drill bit, K-line, and K-line holding mechanism;

[0043] Figure 19 An enlarged perspective view of the K-line according to another aspect of this disclosure is shown, illustrating the middle section of the K-line;

[0044] Figure 20 An enlarged perspective view of a K-line retention mechanism according to another aspect of this disclosure is shown;

[0045] Figure 21 A cross-sectional perspective view of a casing bit, a K-line, and a K-line retention mechanism according to another aspect of this disclosure is shown, wherein the force-retaining sleeve is shown in a first position;

[0046] Figure 22 It shows Figure 21 A truncated perspective view of the casing drill bit, the K-line, and the K-line retaining mechanism, wherein the force-retaining sleeve is shown in the second position;

[0047] Figure 23 An enlarged truncated perspective view of a casing bit, a K-line, and a K-line retention mechanism according to another aspect of this disclosure is shown, wherein the casing bit is attached to a drill actuator.

[0048] Figure 24 It shows Figure 23 Another enlarged truncated perspective view of the casing bit, K-line, and K-line retention mechanism, in which some features are shown as transparent for clarity;

[0049] Figure 25 A perspective view of a drill removal tool according to another aspect of this disclosure is shown;

[0050] Figure 26 It shows Figure 25 A cutaway perspective view of the drill removal tool during attachment to the casing drill bit and the K-line;

[0051] Figure 27 A truncated side view of a wire clamp according to another aspect of this disclosure is shown, illustrating the wire clamp in an unclamped state;

[0052] Figure 28 It shows Figure 27 A truncated side view of the wire clamp, showing the wire clamp in the clamped state;

[0053] Figure 29 It shows Figure 27 Enlarged cross-sectional view of the wire clamp;

[0054] Figure 30 It shows Figure 25 A cut-off perspective view of a component of a drill removal tool;

[0055] Figure 31 It shows Figure 25 Another truncated perspective view of a component of a drill removal tool;

[0056] Figure 32 It shows Figure 25 Another sectional perspective view of the drill removal tool shows the process of removing the drill bit from the patient;

[0057] Figure 33 A perspective view of a bone screw driver with a K-line retention module according to another aspect of the present disclosure is shown, wherein the bone screw driver and the K-line retention module pass through the K-line.

[0058] Figure 34 It shows Figure 33 Enlarged truncated side view of the distal end of the bone screw driver;

[0059] Figure 35 It shows Figure 33 Enlarged truncated perspective view of the distal end of the bone screw driver;

[0060] Figure 36 It shows having Figure 33 Another perspective view of the bone screw driver of the K-line fixation module during advancement along the K-line;

[0061] Figure 37 It shows having Figure 33 An enlarged truncated perspective view of the bone screw driver of the K-line fixation module, showing the internal components of the K-line fixation module;

[0062] Figure 38 It shows Figure 33 A side view of the K-line retaining module, with some components removed for clarity, showing the K-line retaining module in the first operating mode;

[0063] Figure 39 It shows Figure 38 An enlarged truncated perspective view of the K-line retention module component in its first operating mode;

[0064] Figure 40 It shows Figure 33 A side view of the K-line retaining module, with some parts removed for clarity, showing the K-line retaining module in the second operating mode;

[0065] Figure 41 It shows Figure 40 An enlarged truncated perspective view of the K-line retention module component in the second operating mode;

[0066] Figure 42 A perspective view of an alternative bone screw driver with a K-line fixation module according to another aspect of this disclosure is shown, wherein the bone screw driver and the K-line fixation module pass through the K-line.

[0067] Figure 43 It shows having Figure 42 A perspective view of the bone screw driver of the K-line fixation module, showing the internal components of the K-line fixation module in the first operating mode.

[0068] Figure 44 It shows Figure 43 An enlarged perspective view of the internal components of the K-line retention module in the first operating mode;

[0069] Figure 45 It shows Figure 43An enlarged perspective view of the internal components of the K-line retention module in the second operating mode;

[0070] Figure 46 It shows Figure 25 An enlarged truncated perspective view of a drill removal tool shows a step in an alternative technique using a drill removal tool;

[0071] Figure 47 It shows Figure 25 Another enlarged truncated perspective view of the drill removal tool shows another step in the alternative technique;

[0072] Figure 48 It shows Figure 25 Another sectional perspective view of the drill removal tool shows another step in the alternative technique;

[0073] Figure 49 It shows Figure 25 Another sectional perspective view of the drill removal tool shows another step in the alternative technique;

[0074] Figure 50 It shows Figure 25 Another enlarged truncated side view of the drill removal tool shows another step in the alternative technique;

[0075] Figure 51 It shows Figure 25 Another enlarged truncated side view of the drill removal tool shows another step in the alternative technique;

[0076] Figure 52 It shows Figure 25 Another sectional perspective view of the drill removal tool shows another step in the alternative technique; and

[0077] Figure 53 It shows Figure 25 Another sectional perspective view of the drill removal tool shows another step in the alternative technique. Detailed Implementation

[0078] The following sections describe different devices for stabilizing the cervical spine according to this disclosure.

[0079] In this disclosure, "distal" essentially means "in the direction away from the user / surgeon and toward the patient," while "proximal" essentially means "in the direction away from the user / surgeon and toward the patient."

[0080] Universal Drilling Guidance System

[0081] refer to Figures 1 to 3The diagram illustrates a universal drill guide system 100 according to an example. The universal drill guide system 100 has a universal drill guide 110. The universal drill guide 110 includes a tubular guide body 120 and a handle 130 extending obliquely from the guide body 120. As will be described, the guide body 120 has a proximal end 122 that defines a proximal opening 123 for receiving a drill bit. As will be described, the guide body 120 also has a distal end 124 that defines a distal opening 125 for receiving drill tubing. Furthermore, the guide body 120 has a drill stop 140 that limits the drilling depth by limiting the distance the drill bit advances through the guide body 120. An optional navigation star unit 50 is attached to... Figure 1 The Universal Drilling Guide 110 in the system can be calibrated and used with conventional navigation systems.

[0082] The universal drilling guide system 100 also includes a set of interchangeable drill pipes 150 and a set of interchangeable drill bits 200. The set of interchangeable drill pipes 150 includes a first drill pipe 150A, a second drill pipe 150B, and a third drill pipe 150C. The set of interchangeable drill bits 200 includes a first drill bit 200A, a second drill bit 200B, and a third drill bit 200C. However, the number of drill pipes 150 and drill bits 200 is not limited to three. All drill pipes 150A, 150B, and 150C, and all drill bits 200A, 200B, and 200C, can be connected to the universal drilling guide system 110.

[0083] As will be explained in the next section of this description, the first drill bit 200A, the second drill bit 200B, and the third drill bit 200C are cannulated and feature a design to retain the K-line. The first drill bit 200A, the second drill bit 200B, and the third drill bit 200C also have different drilling diameters. Each drilling diameter is configured to drill a screw hole of a specific size into the vertebral body. The first drill bit 200A, the second drill bit 200B, and the third drill bit 200C each have a proximal end 202 for attachment to a drill actuator and a relatively distal end 204 with a cutting edge for drilling a hole. The first drill bit 200A, the second drill bit 200B, and the third drill bit 200C also have a reduction section 205 adjacent to the enlarging section 207, forming a abrupt change. This abrupt change forms a stop surface 206 located between the proximal end 202 and the distal end 204. The stop surface 206 cooperates with the drill stop 140 on the guide body 120 to limit the distance the drill bit can enter the vertebral body during drilling. The stop surface 206 also serves to remove drill bits 200A, 200B, and 200C after drilling operations, which will be explained in another section.

[0084] The first drill tube 150A, the second drill tube 150B, and the third drill tube 150C are designed to guide the advance of the first drill bit 200A, the second drill bit 200B, and the third drill bit 200C, respectively, during drilling. The first drill tube 150A, the second drill tube 150B, and the third drill tube 150C also maintain axial stability of the first drill bit 200A, the second drill bit 200B, and the third drill bit 200C during drilling. Each of the first drill tubes 150A, the second drill tube 150B, and the third drill tube 150C has a proximal end 152 for attachment to the guide body 120 and a corresponding distal end 154 for insertion into the patient at the drilling position. As will be described in more detail, the proximal end 152 of each of the drill tubes 150A, 150B, and 150C includes a notch 157 that facilitates attachment to the guide body 120.

[0085] First drill tubing 150A, second drill tubing 150B, and third drill tubing 150C define a drill bit passage 156 having a specific inner diameter to accommodate first drill bit 200A, second drill bit 200B, and third drill bit 200C, respectively. Therefore, first drill bit 200A, second drill bit 200B, and third drill bit 200C are designed to work only with first drill tubing 150A, second drill tubing 150B, and third drill tubing 150C, respectively. Markings are provided on each of the drill tubing in first drill tubing 150A, second drill tubing 150B, and third drill tubing 150C, and on each of the drill bits in first drill tubing 200A, second drill bit 200B, and third drill bit 200C, to assist the user in selecting the appropriate drill tubing for the selected drill bit. Any type of marking may be used. In system 100, the first drill pipe 150A and the first drill bit 200A have matching markings 160A, the second drill pipe 150B and the second drill bit 200B have matching markings 160B, and the third drill pipe 150C and the third drill bit 200C have matching markings 160C. Markings 160A, 160B, and 160C are unique and distinct from each other, and appear as different colored bands on the circumference of each drill pipe and drill bit.

[0086] refer to Figure 4The drill stop 140 has a shaft 142 and a stop plate 144 extending laterally from the shaft 142. The stop plate 144 has a slot 146, which is wide enough to allow the distal sections of the first drill bit 200A, the second drill bit 200B, and the third drill bit 200C to pass through the stop plate 144. The slot 146 is smaller than the cross-sectional dimension of the stop surface 206 of the first drill bit 200A, the second drill bit 200B, and the third drill bit 200C. In this arrangement, the stop plate 144 is configured to allow each of the first drill bit 200A, the second drill bit 200B, and the third drill bit 200C to advance forward through the stop plate 144 until their respective stop surfaces 206 abut against the stop plate 144. At this point, the drill bit has reached the selected drilling depth and is prevented from advancing further through the guide body 120.

[0087] refer to Figure 5 and Figure 6 The drill stop 140 can be raised or lowered to set a desired drilling depth. A spring-loaded lock 126 is releasably engaged with the shaft 142 of the drill stop 140 to lock and unlock the shaft 142. The shaft 142 has a series of circumferential grooves 143 on one side. The spring-loaded lock 126 is configured to engage with one of the grooves 143 to lock the position of the shaft 142 under spring bias. The spring-loaded lock 126 includes a release button 127, as... Figure 5 As shown, the release button 127 can be pressed inward. Pressing the release button 127 inward disengages the spring-loaded lock 126 from the shaft 142, thus allowing the shaft 142 to be raised or lowered relative to the guide 120 to set the depth setting. Once the depth setting is set, the release button 127... Figure 6 The spring-loaded lock 126 is released to allow it to engage with the shaft 142 under spring bias. Engagement of the spring-loaded lock 126 with the shaft 142 locks the shaft 142 in a vertical position relative to the guide 120 and fixes the depth setting.

[0088] The universal drill guide 110 includes two sets of external markings that provide the user with visual indicators of the selected depth setting. The first set of markings 128 includes a vertical series of markings 128a on the side of the guide body 120. The second set of markings 148 includes a vertical series of markings 148a on the shaft 142. Each of the markings 128a and 148a is marked with a unique number corresponding to a depth in millimeters or other units of measurement. The markings 128a and 148a are oriented on different sides of the universal drill guide 110. This placement of redundant markings on two different sides solves the problem of the surgeon only being able to see one side of the universal drill guide 110.

[0089] Guide body 120 includes an automatic drill pipe holder 170 that allows each of the first drill pipe 150A, the second drill pipe 150B, and the third drill pipe 150C to be connected to the distal opening 125 via a quick-connect coupling / quick-fit connection. The automatic drill pipe holder 170 allows the user to insert one of the drill pipes 150A, 150B, and 150C into the guide body 120 and lock it in place without engaging any locking mechanisms on the guide body 120. The drill pipe is simply inserted into the distal opening 125 until it engages with the automatic lock. As described above, each of the drill pipes 150A, 150B, and 150C has a different inner diameter to accommodate one of the drill bits. However, all drill pipes 150A, 150B, and 150C have the same external dimensions for engagement with the drill stop 140 and the automatic drill pipe holder 170. Therefore, all drill pipes 150A, 150B, and 150C interact with the automatic drill pipe holder 170 in the same way.

[0090] refer to Figure 7 and Figure 8 The automatic drill pipe holder 170 includes a spring-loaded locking ring 172 within a guide body 120. The locking ring 172 is configured to engage with a recess 157 formed in each of the drill pipes 150A, 150B, and 150C. The locking ring 172 is rotatable within the guide body 120 between a locking orientation and a release orientation. A pair of compression springs 174 apply a counterclockwise biasing force to the locking ring 172 to bias it in the locking orientation. Each compression spring 174 is supported against a locking tab 176 extending proximally or upwardly on the remainder of the locking ring 172.

[0091] Locking tab 176 and compression spring 174 are held in a pair of slots 178. One end of each compression spring 174 rests against the end wall 179 of the slot 178, and the opposite end of the spring 174 rests against the locking tab 176. In this arrangement, locking ring 172 is held in the locked orientation unless the user manually rotates locking ring 172 to the released orientation. Locking ring 172 can be rotated by applying a clockwise force to a switch 173 attached to locking ring. Switch 173 extends through an elongated hole 121 in guide 120 and is exposed on the outside of guide 120.

[0092] When the locking ring 172 is in the locking orientation, such as Figure 7 As shown, compression springs 174 release energy to push locking tabs 176 counterclockwise in their respective slots 178, rotating locking rings 172 counterclockwise. When locking rings 172 are in the release orientation, as... Figure 8As shown, the locking tabs 176 rotate clockwise to compress the compression springs 174 in their respective slots 178 using stored energy. The user can manually rotate the switch 173 clockwise to move the locking ring 172 from the locking orientation to the releasing orientation.

[0093] Figures 9A to 9D The sequence in which the drill pipe (first drill pipe 150A in this example) is inserted into the guide body 120 and locked in place by the locking ring 172 is shown. The same sequence occurs when the second drill pipe 150B and the third drill pipe 150C are inserted into the guide body 120.

[0094] like Figure 9A As shown, drill pipe 150A is inserted through distal opening 125 into channel 129 formed in guide body 120. Locking ring 172 is initially positioned in locking orientation. Figure 9B As shown, drill pipe 150A is advanced into channel 129 until it enters locking ring 172. Figure 9C As shown, as drill pipe 150A continues to advance, drill pipe 150A contacts the inner surface of locking ring 172. This contact between drill pipe 150A and locking ring 172 causes locking ring 172 to rotate out of its locking orientation. Contact with locking ring 172 occurs at chamfer 177 on locking ring 172 extending into channel 129. As drill pipe 150A advances proximally in channel 129, the proximal end and sidewall of drill pipe 150A contact chamfer 177. The orientation of chamfer 177 is configured such that the sidewall of drill pipe 150A deflects locking ring 172 counterclockwise by a small distance / angle against the bias of compression spring 174, thereby storing additional energy in spring 174. This deflection... Figure 9B Start in and in Figure 9C Continued.

[0095] like Figure 9D As shown, as the drill pipe 150A is further advanced into the channel 129, the locking ring 172 remains deflected until the notch 157 in the drill pipe 150A aligns with the chamfer 177. When this alignment occurs, the force deflecting the locking ring 172 is temporarily released, allowing the compression springs 174 to expand and return to their relaxed state. This expansion causes the locking ring 172 to rotate back towards the locking orientation. Under the bias of the compression springs 174, the chamfer 177 engages radially inward in the notch 157. The axial dimension of the locking ring 172 is substantially equal to the axial dimension of the slot 157, thus fixing and locking the axial position of the drill pipe 150A within the guide body 120.

[0096] Figure 10 A cross-section of the locking ring 172 in a locking orientation is shown. The portion of the locking ring 172 that engages with the notch 157 is surrounded. Figure 11A cross-section of the locking ring 172 in the release orientation is shown. In this case, no part of the locking ring 172 extends into the notch 157. It can be understood from these two figures that the drill pipe 150A can be removed from the guide body 120 by rotating the switch 173 counterclockwise against the bias of the compression spring 174. Figure 11 As shown, this rotation causes the chamfer 177 to move out of the notch 157. In this state, the drill pipe 150A is no longer axially constrained by the locking ring 172 and can be pulled out from the guide body 120.

[0097] Drill bits 200A, 200B, and 200C each have an outer diameter corresponding to the inner diameter of drill pipes 150A, 150B, and 150C, respectively. Each of drill bits 200A, 200B, and 200C is long enough to extend from above the drill pipe stop 140 beyond the distal end of the drill pipe 150A when the drill pipe 150A is attached to the guide body 120.

[0098] After drilling is complete, it is sometimes necessary to remove the drill drive and universal drill guide 110 from the operating side, while leaving the drill pipe and drill bit in place. This can be a technical challenge, as... Figure 1 As shown, the drill stop 140 engages with the drill bit. Therefore, when the universal drill guide 110 is released from the drill string, the universal drill guide 110 includes a mechanism that pivots the drill stop 140 counterclockwise and away from the drill bit. Figure 12 and 13 As shown, this is achieved by a cam mechanism 190, which interconnects the locking ring 172 with the shaft 142 of the drill stop 140.

[0099] The locking ring 172 includes a cam groove 181 that drives a cam follower pin 145 at the bottom of the shaft 142. With this arrangement, clockwise rotation of the locking ring 172 (or to the left in the figure) causes the shaft 142 and the drill stop 140 to rotate simultaneously counterclockwise (or to the right in the figure), moving the drill stop 140 away from the drill bit, so that the universal drill guide 110 can still be lifted from the drill tube when the drill string and drill bit remain inside the patient. Figure 14 and Figure 15 The process of lifting the general-purpose drill string 110 from the drill pipe 150A is shown.

[0100] Figure 14 As can be seen, the switch 173 on the locking ring 172 rotates clockwise or counterclockwise. This causes the drill stop 140 to rotate counterclockwise or clockwise. Figure 15 As shown, when disengaged from the drill stop at the drill bit 200A, the universal drill guide 110 can be lifted from the drill pipe 150A and the drill bit without obstruction.

[0101] Casing drill with K-line fixation

[0102] As previously described, drill bits 200A, 200B, and 200C are tubular and feature a design to retain K-line. Drill bits 200A, 200B, and 200C are largely identical, but with some differences. Drill bits 200A, 200B, and 200C have different outer diameters, each configured to drill holes of different sizes. Drill bit 200A has a smaller inner diameter than drill bits 200B and 200C, with its inner diameter configured to allow a 1.0 mm diameter K-line to pass through it. Drill bits 200B and 200C have larger inner diameters, each configured to allow a 1.5 mm diameter K-line to pass through them. Drill bits 200A, 200B, and 200C also have different color markings on their exteriors to help the user match each drill bit with its corresponding drill string.

[0103] Now for reference Figure 16 The drill assembly with drill bit 200A will be described in more detail, and the same description applies to drill bits 200B and 200C. Drill bit 200A is shown as having a K-line 300. The K-line 300 extends through a channel 208 extending from the proximal end 202 through drill bit 200A to the distal end 204. The K-line 300 has a proximal end 302, a distal end 304, and a line body 306 extending between the proximal and distal ends. The distal end 304 has a sharp tip 308 that can be punched into the bone at a selected location. Once the K-line 300 is punched into the bone, the surgeon can pass a cannula screw, drill bit, or other instrument through the K-line and advance it to a selected location to perform surgery.

[0104] The K-line 300 is significantly longer than the drill bit 200A. Therefore, the K-line 300 can extend through the drill bit 200A, with its proximal end 302 protruding proximally and lateral to the proximal end 202 of the drill bit 200A. Simultaneously, the K-line 300 can extend through the drill bit 200A, with its distal end 304 protruding distally and lateral to the distal end 204 of the drill bit 200A. The K-line 300 is releasably fixed within the drill bit 200A as a component allowing the K-line and the drill bit to drill into the bone together.

[0105] refer to Figure 17 and Figure 18During drilling, the K-line 300 is releasably secured to the interior of the drill bit 200A via a retention mechanism 290 built into the drill bit. The retention mechanism 290 is configured to engage with the K-line 300 to prevent axial advancement of the K-line relative to the drill bit 200A during drilling. This retention ensures that the K-line 300 and the drill bit 200A are inserted together and advanced into the bone by the same amount. The retention mechanism 290 also allows the torque applied to the drill bit 200A to be transmitted to the K-line 300. Therefore, when the retention features engage, the K-line 300 and the drill bit 200A rotate uniformly. A torque driver can apply torque uniformly to the K-line 300 and the drill bit 200A to implant the K-line into the bone and form a guide hole for a bone screw. Once the guide hole is drilled, the drill bit 200A can disengage from the K-line 300 and remove it from the patient, leaving the K-line in the bone.

[0106] The retention mechanism 290 includes a retention clip 292 configured to releasably engage with a locking groove 308 on the exterior of the K-line 300. The locking groove and retention clip according to this disclosure can have various forms and geometries. For example, the locking groove may extend around a portion of the K-line or completely surround the K-line circumferentially. The retention clip may be clamped onto the exterior of the drill bit or integrally formed with the drill bit. The retention clip may also have an inwardly extending retention end that can be pressed into the locking groove to restrict axial displacement of the K-line within the drill bit.

[0107] The retaining clip 292 has a hub 294 for attaching the retaining clip to the drill bit 200A. The retaining clip 292 also has a retaining end 296 opposite to the hub 294. The retaining end 296 protrudes radially inward through the sidewall of the drill bit 200 to engage with the locking groove 308 of the K line 300.

[0108] According to this disclosure, the K-line can have a geometry in the locking groove that allows torque to be transferred from the drill bit / clamp to the K-line. For example, the K-line can have a flat surface on a portion of the groove on its exterior, which engages with a flat edge on the retaining end of the clamp. Figure 19 An example of a K-line 300 with a locking groove 308 having a quadrilateral square segment 310 in the groove is shown. The K-line 300 can be used with a retaining clip formed in a drill bit according to any of the previous examples, such as drill bit 200A.

[0109] The locking groove according to this disclosure can be defined by a proximal wall and a distal wall. The proximal wall and distal wall can have different geometries that control the axial displacement of the K-line relative to the surrounding drill bit. Figure 19In the example shown, the locking groove 308 has a proximal wall 312 and a distal wall 314. The distal wall 314 is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 301 of the K-line 300. This forms a stop 316 that abuts against the retaining end 296 of the retaining clip 292 when the retaining clip 292 is engaged in the locking groove 308, thereby preventing relative displacement of the K-line 300 in the distal direction. In contrast to the distal wall 314, the proximal wall 312 consists of an inclined surface 318 extending at an acute angle relative to the longitudinal axis 301. The inclined surface 318 forms an inclined section 320 that allows the retaining end 296 of the retaining clip 292 to gradually deflect outward and slide out of the locking groove 308 as the drill bit 200A is removed from the K-line 300 after drilling is completed.

[0110] The retaining clip 292 can operate in both locked and released modes. For example... Figure 18 As shown, in the locking mode, the retaining end 296 is pressed and secured inward in the locking groove. This locks the axial position of the K-line 300 relative to the drill bit 200 during drilling. After drilling is complete, the inward force on the retaining end 296 can be removed, placing the retaining clamp 292 in the release mode. In the release mode, the drill bit 200 can be moved proximally relative to the K-line 300 until it is completely removed from the K-line. This allows the drill bit 200A to be removed from the patient while leaving the K-line 300 in the patient for further use.

[0111] refer to Figure 20 The retaining clip 292 has a partially cylindrical hub 294 configured to clamp onto the circular exterior of the drill bit, similar to a pocket clip on a pen. The retaining clip 292 also has a flexible arm 295 located between the hub 294 and the retaining end 296. The flexible arm 295 allows the retaining end 296 to bend radially outward under stored energy as the drill bit is removed from the K-line. As the drill bit is removed from the K-line, the retaining end 296 remains deflected in the outward position. Once the drill bit is removed from the K-line, the retaining end 296 clamps back radially inward. Figure 20 The relaxed state shown.

[0112] A force can be applied radially inward to the retaining end of the retaining clamp to press the retaining clamp into engagement with the locking groove. The inward force can be applied in a variety of ways. Figure 21 and Figure 22 Another example of a drill bit assembly with a drill bit 200' and a movable sleeve 298' is shown. The movable sleeve 298' is slidable between a first position and a second position outside the drill bit 200'. In the first position ( Figure 21 The sleeve 298' covers the retaining end 296' and applies an inward force to it to retain the retaining clamp 292' in the engagement mode. In the second position ( Figure 22The sleeve 298' is removed from the retaining end 296', allowing the retaining end 296' to bend outward so that the retaining clamp 298' can disengage from the locking groove on the K line 300.

[0113] In other examples, a separate instrument can be used to lock the retaining clip into engagement with the K line. Figure 23 and Figure 24 An example is shown in which the retaining clip 292 of the drill bit 200A is held in an engaged mode by the drill actuator 400. The drill actuator 400 is clamped on the retaining end 296 of the retaining clip 292 and applies external force to hold the retaining clip 292 in an engaged mode in the four-sided locking groove 308 of the K line 300.

[0114] Drill removal tools

[0115] refer to Figures 25 to 32 The diagram illustrates a drill removal tool 500 according to an example. The drill removal tool 500 is designed to remove the cannulated drill bit from the bone after drilling, while leaving the K-line in the appropriate position within the bone. Once the drill bit is removed from the K-line, the bone screw can be advanced along the K-line and into the screw hole. The drill removal tool 500 can be used with any combination of drill bit, cannulated drill, and K-line. For the purposes of this description, the drill removal tool 500 used with the same drill bit 200A, cannulated drill 150A, and K-line 300 described previously will be described.

[0116] The drill bit removal tool 500 includes a first support end 510, a second support end 520, and a toothed rack 530 extending between the first support end 510 and the second support end 520. The first support end 510 includes a clamp 540 operable to clamp onto the K-line 300. The second support end 520 includes a C-shaped base 522 configured to fit snugly around the drill string 150A. The drill bit remover 570 is axially displaceable on the toothed rack 530 between the first support end 510 and the second support end 520.

[0117] refer to Figures 26 to 29The clamp 540 is configured to pass through the exposed end of the K-line 300 in the unlocked state and subsequently clamp the K-line 300 in the locked state. The clamp 540 includes a hollow housing 542 extending from a first support end 510. The hollow housing 542 defines a clamping channel 544 having a proximal end 546, a distal end 548, and a converging section 549 between the proximal end 546 and the distal end 548. The proximal end 546 has an internal thread 547. The knob 550 includes a dial 552 and a shaft 554 having an external thread 557 that mates with the internal thread 547 in the clamping channel 544. The knob 550 defines a through hole 558 for axially receiving a clamping pin 560. The clamping pin 560 defines a through channel 562 and a wedge-shaped chuck 564 at its distal end 566. The clamp 564 has an outer diameter that gradually decreases towards the distal end 566, forming a tapered protrusion that matches the shape of the converging section 549. The through channel 562 has an inner diameter suitable for receiving the K-line 300.

[0118] The knob 550 can rotate between an unlocked and a locked state about the knob axis 551. The knob axis 551 is coaxially aligned with the through hole 558 and the through channel 562. Figure 27 The knob 550 is shown in the unlocked state, and Figure 28 The knob is shown after being rotated to the locked position. When the knob is rotated, the internal thread 547 and external thread 557 facilitate axial displacement of the knob 550. A clamping pin 560 is axially secured in the knob 550, with the distal end 556 of the knob 550 abutting against the collet 564. In this arrangement, when the knob is rotated, the knob 550 and the clamping pin 560 move axially in unison within the clamping housing 544. The internal thread 547 and external thread 557 are oriented such that rotation of the dial 552 in a clockwise direction CW causes the knob 550 and the collet 564 to move distally into the converging section 549. As the clamping pin 560 moves distally, the tapered shape of the converging section 549 applies an inward force to the collet 564, compressing it and locking the K-line 300 in the locked position.

[0119] The drill removal tool 500 can be attached to the K-line 300, drill bit 200A, and drill pipe in two steps. In the first step, the clamp 540 passes through the K-line. To allow the clamp 540 to pass through the K-line 300, the knob 550 is rotated counterclockwise to the unlocked position, so that the chuck 564 is not compressed in the converging section 549 of the clamp channel 544. Once the proximal end of the K-line 300 passes through the clamp 540, the second support end 520 and the C-shaped base 522 move along... Figure 26 The curved arrow in the diagram indicates that the drill pipe 150A is pivoted. The C-shaped base 522 pivots until the opening 523 in the C-shaped base receives the drill pipe 150A in a tight fit.

[0120] refer to Figure 30The drill bit remover 570 includes a forked anvil 572 defining a through slot 574. The through slot 574 aligns with a clamping channel 544 and an opening 523, forming a straight channel through all three sections of the drill bit removal tool 500. The anvil 572 has a flat lifting surface 576 above the through slot 574. As previously described, the through slot 574 and the lifting surface 576 are configured to engage the drill bit 200A below the stop surface 206. The through slot 574 has a rounded end 575 with a diameter slightly larger than the reduced diameter section 205 on the drill bit 200A but smaller than the expanded diameter section 207, the diameter of which is slightly larger than the reduced diameter section 205 on the drill bit 200A. Therefore, the anvil 572 is configured to receive the reduced diameter section 205 of the drill bit 200A into the through slot 574, and the lifting surface 576 is positioned below or distally relative to the stop surface 206. In this position, as Figure 32 As shown, the lifting surface 576 is adjacent to the expanded diameter section 207 at the stop surface 206.

[0121] The drill bit remover 570 includes a sleeve 573 connected to an anvil 572. The sleeve 573 surrounds a rack 530 and interconnects the anvil 572 with a C-shaped base 522. A pinion housing 582 extends from one side of the sleeve 573 and contains a pinion 584. The pinion 584 has a plurality of teeth 585 that mesh or engage with teeth 531 on the rack 530 through an opening between the pinion housing 582 and the rack 530. A shank 586 is attached to the pinion 584 and extends to the outside of the pinion housing 582. The shank 586 and the pinion 584 are rotatable relative to the pinion housing 582. In this arrangement, the shank 586 can rotate to move the drill bit remover 570 up or down along the rack 530.

[0122] refer to Figure 30 and Figure 31A spring-loaded pawl 587 releasably engages with a tooth 531 on a rack 530. Pawl 587 is biased to engage with tooth 531 by a spring 588. Engagement of pawl 587 with tooth 531 occurs automatically after the drill bit remover 570 has moved along the rack 530 and serves to lock the position of the drill bit remover 570 relative to the rack 530 to maintain the position of the anvil 572. Pawl 587 can pivotally disengage from tooth 531 against the bias of spring 588 to release pawl 587 and allow the drill bit remover 570 to move on the rack 530. Pawl 587 can also pivotally disengage from tooth 531 by pressing down a tab 589 extending from it. If desired, the strength of spring 588 can be designed to keep pawl 587 against rack 530, but allow pawl 587 to travel along rack 530 in a ratchet manner when handle 586 is turned. Alternatively, the strength of spring 588 can be selected such that pawl 587 does not disengage from tooth 531 when handle 586 is turned, but only when the user presses tab 589.

[0123] When facing the handle 586, the pinion 584 is positioned on the left side of the rack 530. In this arrangement, rotation of the handle 586 in the clockwise direction (CW) raises the anvil 572 upwards or toward the first support end 510. This causes the lifting surface 576 to abut upwards or proximally against the stop surface 206 on the drill bit 200A, thereby displacing the drill bit 200A in the proximal direction. Therefore, to remove the drill bit 200A from the patient without removing the K-line 300, the user first locks the clamp 540 to axially secure the K-line 300. Then, the user rotates the handle 586 clockwise to move the drill bit 200A proximal to the K-line 300. This has the effect of removing the drill bit 200A from the patient without displacing the K-line 300 and keeping the K-line in place. Rotate the handle 586 until the distal end 204 of the drill bit 200A is removed from the patient. Once the drill bit 200A is no longer in the patient's body, the clamp 540 is unlocked, and the C-shaped base 522 is detached from the drill tube 150A. This allows the drill removal tool 500 to move again along the K-line 300. The drill removal tool 500 is then lifted away from the K-line 300, where the forked surface 576 supports the drill bit 200A, so that the drill bit 200A is also removed from the K-line 300. After the drill removal tool 500 is removed from the K-line 300, the drill tube 150A can be removed from the patient and any tissue dilators. In this example, the drill tube 150A extends through multiple telescopic dilators, with the outermost dilator D at... Figure 32 As can be seen in the text.

[0124] In the alternative MIS technique, drill bit 200A can drill into the bone without the K-line 300. In this case, drill removal tool 500 can be used to insert the K-line 300 into the bone through drill bit 200A. To begin the technique, a universal drill guide, such as the previously described embodiment, is attached to the navigation unit and calibrated. The drill stop height is set, and an appropriate drill tube is attached to the universal drill guide. An occluder is then inserted into the universal drill guide and drill tube and locked in place. The universal drill guide and occluder are then probed to the desired drilling location within the patient. The occluder is then removed from the universal drill guide and drill tube and replaced with a cortical punch. The cortical punch is used to create an initial hole in the cortex and is then removed. A suitable drill bit is then attached to the driver, inserted into the universal drill guide, and advanced through the drill tube to drill a hole in the bone. Once the drill bit has drilled into the bone, the universal drill guide is detached and removed from the drill tube, leaving the drill bit and drill tube in place.

[0125] Tissue expander D is attached to the expander handle and advanced over the drill tube until it contacts the tissue surrounding the drill tube. The expander is then pushed and rotated to expand the tissue. Tissue protector P is then advanced over the expander. K-line can then be inserted into the bone through the drill bit.

[0126] refer to Figures 46 to 52 This illustrates a process for inserting K-line 300 into drill bit 200A. In the first step, K-line 300 is loaded into drill removal tool 500. Knob 550 is rotated to the unlocked position, and K-line 300 is... Figure 46 Insert the knob in the direction indicated by the middle arrow. Advance the K-line 300 via knob 550 until the long mark 303 on the K-line is completely covered by the drill removal tool 500. Once the K-line 300 is advanced to the appropriate position via the drill removal tool 500, rotate knob 550 as shown. Figure 47 The locking position is indicated by the middle arrow, which locks the K-line in clamp 540.

[0127] The drill removal tool 500 and the K-line 300 are positioned on the proximal end 202 of the drill bit 200A. The K-line 300 is then guided downwards into the drill bit 200A. (As shown...) Figure 48 As shown, the bottom of the drill removal tool 500 pivots toward the drill bit 200A and the expander D until the drill bit is received in the through slot 574 of the anvil 572. The drill removal tool 500 pivots while ensuring that the anvil 572 is positioned below the stop surface 206. Once the drill removal tool 500 is mounted onto the drill bit 200A and the expander D, the knob 550 moves along... Figure 49 Rotate to the unlock position in the indicated direction.

[0128] like Figure 50 As shown, K-line 300 is advanced downwards into drill bit 200A. (As...) Figure 51As shown, once the long mark 303 is completely covered by the drill bit 200A, the knob 550 is rotated to the locked position. Then, as... Figure 52 As shown, the shank 586 rotates to move the anvil 572 upward relative to the toothed rack 530 and pull the drill bit 200A out of the bone. Once the drill bit 200A is pulled out of the bone, the drill removal tool 500 and the drill bit can be lifted and removed. Then as... Figure 53 As shown, drill pipe 150A and expander D can be removed from protector P.

[0129] Bone screw actuator with K-line fixation

[0130] refer to Figures 33 to 41 This illustration shows a bone screw driver assembly with a bone screw driver 600 according to an example. The bone screw driver 600 is designed to advance the bone screw along the K-line and drive the bone screw into the bone while preventing the K-line from advancing forward (i.e., distally). To achieve this, the bone screw driver assembly has a K-line retention module 700. For the purposes of this description, the bone screw driver 600 and the K-line retention module 700 will be described in conjunction with the same K-line 300 previously described.

[0131] The bone screw driver 600 has a shaft 601 defining a proximal end 602, a distal end 604 opposite to the proximal end 602, and a longitudinal through channel 606 between the proximal end 602 and the distal end 604. The channel 606 is configured such that the bone screw driver 600 can pass through the proximal end of the K-line 300 and advance toward the distal end of the K-line 300. The proximal end 602 has an attachment mechanism (not visible) to which a handle 603 is attached. The attachment mechanism can be any suitable structure for receiving the handle, including but not limited to a hexagonal shaft. The handle 603 is configured to be gripped and rotated by a user to operate the bone screw driver 600, much like a conventional screw driver. The distal end 604 has an external thread 605 configured to mate with an internal thread in the rod receiving component of a pedicle screw assembly. A knob 607 is provided on the shaft 601 to allow rotation of the shaft 601 to thread the external thread 605 into the rod receiving component.

[0132] refer to Figure 34 and Figure 35 The distal end 604 has an actuator tip 610. The actuator tip 610 has a hexagonal extension 612 that engages in a similarly shaped groove in the head of the bone screw. The actuator tip 610 also has a pair of protruding tails 614 located proximally relative to the extension 612. When the external thread 605 is threaded into the internal thread of the rod receiving member, the protruding tails 614 are configured to slide into relatively sized slots in the rod receiving member. In this arrangement, the protruding tails 614 occupy the position where the retaining rod will be located.

[0133] The K-line retention module 700 includes a housing 710 having a proximal end 712, a distal end 714, and a channel 716 extending between the proximal end 712 and the distal end 714. The channel 716 is aligned with a channel 606 of a bone screw driver 600. In this arrangement, the bone screw driver 600 and the K-line retention module 700 can be advanced integrally on the K-line 300. Figure 36 The process of advancing a bone screw driver 600 (without an attached handle 603) onto the implanted K-line 300 is illustrated. The driver tip 610 is secured to a cannulated multiaxial screw assembly 800 and a tab protector sleeve 850, which also pass through the K-line.

[0134] refer to Figure 37 The K-line retention module 700 has a roller assembly 720 housed within a housing 710. The roller assembly 720 can operate in a disengaged mode and an engaged (or driven) mode. In the disengaged mode, the roller assembly 720 allows the K-line retention module 700 and the bone screw driver 600 to advance freely along the length of the K-line 300. In the engaged mode, the roller assembly 720 engages with the K-line 300 and feeds the K-line 300 through the housing 710 in the proximal direction as the bone screw driver 600 advances the multi-axis screw assembly 800 in the distal direction.

[0135] Roller assembly 720 includes a first spur gear 722a attached to a shaft 601 of bone screw driver 600, and a second spur gear 722b cooperating with the first spur gear 722a. Roller assembly 720 also includes a third spur gear 722c cooperating with a fourth spur gear 722d on shaft 601. The second spur gear 722b and the fourth spur gear 722d are attached to a secondary shaft 721 extending parallel to shaft 601. The secondary shaft 721 has a worm gear 724 cooperating with a fifth spur gear 722e. The fifth spur gear 722e is attached to a first roller 726, which is fixed to the fifth spur gear 722e such that the fifth spur gear 722e and the first roller 726 rotate in unison. A second roller 728 is positioned adjacent to the first roller 726 on the side opposite to the first roller 726 at a location where it engages with the K-line 300.

[0136] refer to Figures 38 to 41 The engagement and disengagement of the roller assembly 720 are controlled by the lever assembly 730. The lever assembly 730 includes a spring-loaded lever 732, which is biased toward the engagement mode by a compression spring 734. Figure 38 The diagram shows components of the roller assembly 720 about to advance on the K-line 300. Rod 732 is positioned in an engaged mode by spring 734, which is fully extended. In this mode, the first roller 726 and the second roller 728 are tightly positioned together with little or no gap between them. Figure 40As shown, to advance the roller assembly 720 on the K-line 300, the lever 732 is pressed inward against the K-line. This separates the first roller 726 and the second roller 728, allowing the roller assembly 720 to advance on the K-line 300. Once the K-line 300 is received between the first roller 726 and the second roller 728, the lever 732 can be released to allow the roller assembly 720 to return to the engagement mode under the bias of the spring 734, positioning the rollers for direct engagement with the K-line.

[0137] By applying a clockwise torque to the proximal end 602 of the bone screw driver 600, the multi-axis screw assembly 800 is driven into the bone via the K-line 300. When a clockwise torque is applied to the proximal end 602 of the screw driver 600 and the roller assembly 720 is in engagement mode, the roller assembly 720 feeds the K-line 300 through the housing 710 in the proximal direction. Clockwise rotation of shaft 601 causes the first spur gear 722a and the third spur gear 722c to rotate clockwise, which in turn transmits torque to the countershaft 721 via the second spur gear 722c and the fourth spur gear 722d. The countershaft 721 and the worm gear 724 rotate counterclockwise, which transmits torque to the fifth spur gear 722e. The fifth spur gear 722e drives the first roller 726 in a first direction. The second roller 728 is biased to engage the K-line 300 and rotates in a second direction opposite to the first direction. The outer surfaces of the first roller 726 and the second roller 728 clamp the surface of the K-line 300 to pull the K-line in a proximal direction relative to the housing 710, such that the K-line 300 is proximally fed when the multi-axis screw assembly 800 is distally driven into the bone.

[0138] The K-line 300 is prevented from being fed through the distal end of the housing 710 by ratchet 742 and pawl 744. Figure 39 As shown, pawl 744 engages with ratchet 742 to prevent shaft 601 from rotating counterclockwise relative to housing 710, which would cause first roller 726 and second roller 728 to rotate in opposite directions toward feeding K-line to the distal end. Figure 41 As shown, by pressing the lever 732 inward against the spring 724, the pawl 744 can pivot and disengage from the ratchet 742. This switches the roller assembly 720 to a disengaged mode and releases the K-line 300, allowing the bone screw driver 600 and the K-line retention module 700 to be removed from the K-line 300 without the risk of pushing the K-line 300 distally.

[0139] The K-line retention module according to this disclosure can be a modular unit detachably connected to different types of instruments, including but not limited to instruments for tapping and driving. In this example, the K-line retention module 700 is connected via... Figure 33The quick-fit connector 650 shown is detachably connected to the bone screw driver 600. The shaft 601 of the bone screw driver 600 is snapped into the housing 710 using the quick-fit connector 650, which can be a hexagonal drive, 1 / 4-inch drive, or AO drive for controlling rotation.

[0140] The bone screw driver according to this disclosure may include various types of markings to assist in bone screw insertion. For example, shaft 601 may have spaced lines providing depth markings similar to those on a universal drill guide 110. Depth markings can provide a visual indication to the user of the depth to which the bone screw tip has been advanced. The bone screw driver may also include various features to aid in sterilization. For example, shaft 601 has a series of holes 611 that allow steam to enter the interior of shaft 601 during autoclaving and cleaning.

[0141] Figures 42 to 45 An alternative bone screw driver 900 and a K-line retention module 1000 according to another embodiment are shown. The K-line retention module 1000 is similar to the K-line retention module 700, but features a clamping rod 1032 and clamping rollers 1026, 1028. The clamping rod 1032 is normally in the open position to separate the clamping rollers 1026, 1028, as... Figure 43 and Figure 44 As shown. The clamping rod 1032 can be moved to the closed position, as... Figure 45 As shown, it engages with the roller resting on the K line 300. When the K line 300 is between the pressure rollers 1026 and 1028, the pressure rod 1032 can only remain closed (i.e., the actuator can only remain engaged).

[0142] The instruments described herein can be manufactured using a variety of materials, including but not limited to various stainless steel alloys. The alloy grade can be selected based on the required strength, hardness, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and other performance criteria.

Claims

1. A universal drilling guidance system (100), comprising: Multiple drill pipes (150), each drill pipe having a drill bit passage; and Multiple drill bits (200), each drill bit being insertable into the drill bit channel of each of the multiple drill tubes (150), Wherein, the inner diameter of each drill bit channel in the drill bit channel is different from the inner diameter of any other drill bit channel in the other drill bit channel, and the outer diameter of each of the plurality of drill bits (200) is different from the outer diameter of any other drill bit (200), and the outer diameter of each of the plurality of drill bits (200) corresponds to the inner diameter of each drill bit channel in the drill bit channel, characterized in that the universal drilling guide system (100) includes General purpose drilling guide (110), and An automatic drill pipe holder (170) includes a locking ring (172) that is rotatable in the universal drill guide (110) between a locking orientation and a release orientation.

2. The universal drill guide system (100) of claim 1, wherein, The plurality of drill pipes (150) include a first drill pipe (150A), a second drill pipe (150B) and a third drill pipe (150C), and the plurality of drill bits (200) include a first drill bit (200A) corresponding to the first drill pipe (150A), a second drill bit (200B) corresponding to the second drill pipe (150B) and a third drill bit (200C) corresponding to the third drill pipe (150C).

3. The universal drilling guidance system (100) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, Each of the plurality of drill pipes (150) has a matching mark different from any of the other drill pipes (150), and each of the plurality of drill bits (200) has a matching mark different from any of the other drill bits (200), the matching mark of each of the drill bits (200) corresponding to the matching mark of each of the plurality of drill pipes (150).

4. The universal drill guide system (100) of claim 1 or 2, wherein, The plurality of drill pipes (150) can be inserted into the openings (125) of the universal drill string (110), and The plurality of drill pipes (150) have the same external dimensions.

5. The universal drill guide system (100) of claim 4, wherein, The automatic drill pipe holder (170) allows the plurality of drill pipes (150) to be quickly fitted into the opening (125) of the universal drill guide (110).

6. The universal drill guide system (100) of claim 1, wherein, The automatic drill pipe holder (170) includes a compression spring (174) that applies a biasing force to the locking ring (172) to bias the locking ring (172) in the locking orientation.

7. The universal drill guide system (100) of claim 6, wherein, The automatic drill pipe holder (170) includes a switch (173) to manually rotate the locking ring (172) from the locking orientation to the releasing orientation against the biasing force of the compression spring (174).

8. The universal drill guide system (100) according to claim 6 or 7, wherein, The locking ring (172) includes an inwardly extending chamfer (177) that is oriented / configured such that the sidewall of the drill pipe (150) inserted into the opening (125) of the automatic drill pipe holder (170) deflects the locking ring (172) at an angle in a direction against the bias of the compression spring (174).

9. The universal drill guide system (100) of claim 8, wherein, The locking ring (172) remains deflected until the notch formed on the outer peripheral surface of the drill pipe (150) aligns with the chamfer (177).

10. The universal drill guide system (100) of claim 1 or 2, wherein, Each of the plurality of drill bits (200) includes a K-line channel for receiving one of the plurality of K-lines (300). The inner diameter of the K-line channel of each of the plurality of drill bits (200) is different from the inner diameter of any one of the other K-line channels, and the outer diameter of each of the plurality of K-lines (300) is different from the outer diameter of the other K-lines (300). The outer diameter of each of the K-lines (300) corresponds to the inner diameter of each of the K-line channels.

11. The universal drilling system (100) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the drilling diameter of each of the plurality of drill bits (200) is different from the drilling diameter of the other drill bit (200).

12. The universal drill guide system (100) of claim 1 or 2, wherein, Each of the plurality of drill bits (200) has a proximal end (202) and a relatively distal end (204), the proximal end (202) being for attachment to a drill actuator, and the relatively distal end (204) having a cutting edge for drilling screw holes.

13. The universal drill guide system (100) of claim 1 or 2, wherein, The universal drill guide (110) includes a drill stop (140), and each of the plurality of drill bits (200) has a stop surface (206) located between a proximal end (202) and a distal end (204), the stop surface (206) cooperating with the drill stop (140) to limit the distance the drill bit (200) can advance into the bone during drilling.

Images