Rapid diagnosis of acid-base disturbance

Abstract

A rapid diagnostic scale for acid-base imbalance, including a pH scale with specific graduations fixed to the back plate, and [HCO3]... ‑ [Scale, PaCO2 scale, three sliders that can slide left and right on the scale; and sliding handle and above it [HCO3] ‑ The prediction scale and the PaCO2 prediction scale below them are connected by pulleys to create a left-right, reverse interactive system. Doctors only need to input the pH value and [HCO3] value from the patient's blood gas analysis results. ‑ The measured PaCO2 value is slid to the corresponding position on the scale. Then, the sliding handle is dragged left and right to align the midline with the midline of the slider on the same side as the pH value. Based on the relationship between the predicted range of change on the other side of the scale and the position of the corresponding slider, a specific diagnosis of acid-base imbalance can be given. This diagnostic scale can quickly and accurately assist doctors in determining the type of acid-base imbalance, significantly reducing the workload and misdiagnosis rate in diagnosing acid-base imbalances.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention pertains to clinical medical auxiliary tools, specifically a manual diagnostic tool for rapidly diagnosing acid-base imbalances. Background Technology

[0002] The body relies on the plasma buffer system, lungs, and kidneys to regulate acid-base levels, maintaining a stable arterial plasma pH between 7.35 and 7.45 to sustain normal metabolism and physiological functions; this is known as acid-base balance. If this regulatory mechanism is disrupted, leading to an imbalance in plasma pH, it results in acid-base disorder. Simple acid-base disorders can be classified into four types based on their primary cause: metabolic acidosis, metabolic alkalosis, respiratory acidosis, and respiratory alkalosis. However, usually, two simple acid-base disorders are combined. In clinical practice, doctors first determine the type of acid-base disorder through blood gas analysis before implementing targeted treatment; therefore, rapid and accurate diagnosis is crucial for treatment. Because the methods for determining acid-base disorders are complex, often requiring tedious and specialized calculations, some doctors find them difficult to master. While electronic or manual tools exist to assist doctors in calculating acid-base imbalances, they still have limitations in terms of technology and practical application.

[0003] According to the eighth edition of Pathophysiology published by People's Medical Publishing House, the steps for doctors to determine acid-base imbalance are: (1) Based on the patient's etiology, make a preliminary judgment on the primary type of acid-base imbalance, such as respiratory acidosis in patients with pulmonary heart disease, metabolic alkalosis in patients with uremia, etc.; (2) Determine the bicarbonate ion concentration ([HCO3-]) on the patient's blood gas analysis report. - (2) Substitute the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) into the compensation formula corresponding to the primary type to calculate the compensation range of another indicator; (3) Compare the relationship between the compensation range of the indicator and the measured value. If the measured value is within the compensation range, it is a simple type; if it is not within the compensation range, determine another type of mixed acid-base imbalance based on the positive or negative relationship of the deviation. This method requires doctors to remember complex compensation formulas and master tedious calculation and judgment methods, which is difficult for some doctors.

[0004] Existing technical document CN106021968A discloses a clinical intelligent blood gas analysis and diagnostic instrument, including a human-machine interface unit, a power supply unit, a host unit, a scanner, a database, a data processor, and a memory. The analyzer scans and collects blood gas analysis results data, transmits it to the data processor, and analyzes and determines the type of acid-base imbalance using the aforementioned internally preset compensation formula, outputting the result to the human-machine interface. This electronic computing technology can assist doctors in diagnosing acid-base imbalances; however, this technology requires hardware and software support, is difficult to implement, expensive, and not easily promoted or applied during ward rounds.

[0005] Prior art document CN201174120Y discloses a slide rule for acid-base balance disorder, which consists of a sliding ruler and a fixed ruler, and also includes an AG slide rule and potential HCO3. - Slide rule, primary acid-base imbalance judgment rule, PaCO2 estimated compensation range slide rule, HCO3 - The compensation range calculation scale, among other parts, uses blood gas analysis and electrolyte data to determine the type of acid-base imbalance. However, this technique is still very complex, requiring the calculation of AG (aggregate loss), identification of the primary factor based on the patient's clinical presentation, and then calculation of potential PaCO2 and HCO3. - The value is so low that it is difficult to achieve and even more difficult to promote and apply.

[0006] In summary, among the existing diagnostic techniques for acid-base imbalances, manual judgment based on textbooks cannot solve the problems of memorizing formulas and complex calculations; electronic computing technology requires hardware and software support and is difficult to promote; and the existing slide rule index settings are cumbersome, complex to operate, and difficult to master. None of these are suitable for clinical diagnostic work that requires simple and quick judgment of the type of acid-base imbalance. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a simple and easy-to-operate rapid diagnostic ruler for acid-base imbalance, so as to solve the shortcomings of existing technologies such as complex operation, cumbersome calculation, need to memorize formulas, and need for software and hardware equipment.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A rapid diagnostic scale for acid-base imbalance includes: a backplate; a pH scale fixed to the first row of the backplate, and a [HCO3] scale on the second row. - The scale includes a PaCO2 scale on the last row and sliders on three other scales that can slide left and right; the sliding handle on the fourth row connects to two sets of pulleys fixed to the back plate, respectively, with the [HCO3] scale above. - The prediction scale and the PaCO2 prediction scale below form a left-right inverse interactive relationship.

[0009] Furthermore, the bottom edge of the pH scale features vertical graduations spaced n millimeters apart, with 5 or 10 graduations marked by lines of varying lengths. Each graduation corresponds to a pH value of 0.01, starting from pH 7.1 at the far left and increasing sequentially to the right, with the center point at 7.4 and the far right at 7.7. The range of 7.35 to 7.45 on the scale uses different background colors to represent the normal value range, and the 7.4 graduation line is thickened and raised to represent the center line. The corresponding pH value is marked every 10 graduations.

[0010] Furthermore, [HCO3] - The lower edge of the scale consists of vertical graduations spaced 1.67 mm apart, with intervals of 5 or 10 graduations marked by lines of varying lengths; each graduation corresponds to [HCO3]. - The concentration is 1 mmol / L, and the leftmost end is from [HCO3] - Starting at 5 mmol / L, increments increase to the right, with the center point at 24 and the rightmost point at 45; the scale bars 21-27 use different background colors to represent the normal range, the 24 mark is thickened and raised to represent the midline, and the integer 10 marks the corresponding [HCO3] values. - ].

[0011] Furthermore, the upper edge of the PaCO2 scale has vertical graduations spaced n millimeters apart, with long and short lines marking every 5 or 10 graduations. Each graduation corresponds to 1 mmHg of PaCO2. The leftmost end starts at 70 mmHg of PaCO2 and decreases sequentially to the right, with the center point at 40 and the rightmost end at 10. The scale range of 45 to 55 uses different background colors to represent the normal value range. The 40 graduation line is thickened and raised to represent the center line, and the corresponding PaCO2 is marked every 10 graduations.

[0012] Furthermore, pH scale, [HCO3] - The scale and the PaCO2 scale each have a transparent slider with a center line marked in the middle. The slider can be moved left or right on the scale to locate the corresponding value.

[0013] Furthermore, [HCO3] - The prediction scale is located at [HCO3]. - Between the scale and the sliding handle, as the sliding handle moves left and right, it drives [HCO3] through two pulleys fixed to the back plate. - The prediction scale moves an equal distance in the opposite direction; the corresponding center line is marked with a thickened and raised vertical scale line, and three scales with a spacing of (1.67n) mm are marked to the left and right, with the range of -3 and +3 marked on the scale line.

[0014] Furthermore, the PaCO2 prediction scale is located between the PaCO2 scale and the sliding handle. When the sliding handle moves left and right, it drives the PaCO2 prediction scale to move an equal distance in opposite directions via two pulleys fixed to the back plate. The corresponding center line is marked with a thickened and raised vertical scale line, and five scales with a spacing of n millimeters are marked to the left and right. The range of +2 and -2 is marked above the scale line, with a right arrow next to it. The range of +5 and -5 is marked below the scale line, with a left arrow next to it.

[0015] Furthermore, the left and right ends of the sliding handle have raised lines to facilitate finger pressing, sliding, or dragging; the middle has a vertical center line scale and is marked with left and right arrows.

[0016] Furthermore, each scale is labeled with medical English abbreviations to indicate the indicator and unit.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects: The rapid diagnostic tool for acid-base imbalance of this invention only requires the doctor to input the pH value and [HCO3] from the patient's blood gas analysis results. - Slide the PaCO2 slider to the corresponding position on the scale; then drag the sliding handle to align the center line of the handle with the center line of the slider on the same side as the pH value; finally, based on the relationship between the range of change on another prediction scale and the position of the corresponding slider center line, give a specific diagnosis of acid-base imbalance.

[0018] This invention assists doctors in quickly determining the type of acid-base imbalance. The determination process only requires two simple steps: moving a slider and dragging a sliding handle. No formulas or calculations are needed. The device has a simple structure, requiring only a few plastic plates and rubber pulleys. It can be assembled by printing scale markings according to the instructions. It is inexpensive, suitable for widespread use, and easy for doctors to carry in their daily work. Widespread adoption of this rapid acid-base imbalance diagnostic ruler can significantly reduce the workload and misdiagnosis rate of doctors in diagnosing acid-base imbalances. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the rapid diagnostic ruler for acid-base imbalance described in this invention; Figure 2 This is an example of diagnosing simple acid-base imbalance. Figure 3 This is an example of judging mixed-type acid-base imbalance.

[0020] in: 11-Back plate, 12-Pulley, 21-pH scale, 22-[HCO3] - ]Scale, 24-Sliding handle, 23- [HCO3] -Prediction scale, 25-PaCO2 prediction scale, 26-PaCO2 scale, 31-pH slider, 32-[HCO3] - [Slider, 33-PaCO2 slider] Detailed Implementation

[0021] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings: See Figures 1 to 3 Based on the analysis of the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a rapid diagnostic ruler for acid-base imbalance, which consists of three fixed rulers and a set of sliding rulers. Doctors only need to perform two simple operations, moving the slider and dragging the sliding handle, to accurately determine the type of acid-base imbalance, greatly reducing the difficulty of diagnosis and the misdiagnosis rate.

[0022] like Figure 1 As shown, the rapid diagnostic scale for acid-base imbalance disclosed in this invention includes: a back plate 11; a pH scale 21 fixed to the first row of the back plate; and a [HCO3] scale 21 fixed to the second row of the back plate. - [Scale 22, PaCO2 scale 26 in the last row, and pH sliders 31 and [HCO3] that can slide left and right on the three scales.] - [Slider 32, PaCO2 slider 33; the fourth row of sliding handles 24, via two sets of pulleys 12 fixed to the back plate, respectively connect to the [HCO3] slider above.] - The prediction scale 23 and the PaCO2 prediction scale 25 below form a left-right reverse interaction relationship.

[0023] For specific simple acid-base imbalances, please refer to the usage method of this invention. Figure 2 .

[0024] Figure 2 The explanation is as follows: The doctor learned from patient A's blood gas analysis report that the pH value was 7.253, [HCO3-]... - 11.5 mmol / L, PaCO2 20.4 mmHg; pH slider 31, [HCO3] - Move sliders 32 and 33 to the corresponding positions on the scale.

[0025] Figure 2 b is explained as follows: According to the rules, at this time [HCO3] - Slider 32 and PaCO2 slider 33 are located on opposite sides of the midline, and the slider 33 is in the same direction as pH slider 31 (i.e., [HCO3]). - Slider 32) is the alignment target of the centerline of the sliding handle 24, and according to [HCO3] -The value is less than the normal range on the scale, indicating that the primary cause of the patient's illness is "metabolic acidosis". At this point, observe the positional relationship between the midline of the PaCO2 slider 33 and the range marked on the PaCO2 prediction scale 25. Since it moves to the right, the "-2 to +2" range corresponding to the right arrow is used as the comparison range. It can be seen that the midline of the slider is within this range. Therefore, it is determined that the PaCO2 decrease is within the compensatory range, and the final diagnosis for patient A is "simple metabolic acidosis".

[0026] For specific mixed-type acid-base imbalances, please refer to the usage method of this invention. Figure 3 .

[0027] Figure 3 The explanation is as follows: The doctor learned from patient B's blood gas analysis report that the pH value was 7.465, [HCO3-]... - 12.7 mmol / L, PaCO2 29.2 mmHg; pH slider 31, [HCO3] - Move sliders 32 and 33 to the corresponding positions on the scale.

[0028] Figure 3 b is explained as follows: Drag the sliding handle 24 to the right to align the midline with the PaCO2 slider 33; since the PaCO2 slider 33 moves to the right (i.e., the value decreases), it can be determined that the patient's primary cause is "respiratory alkalosis"; at this time, observe [HCO3]. - The center line of slider 32 intersects with [HCO3] - The positional relationship of the predicted scale 22 range shows that the slider centerline is to the left of this range (i.e., smaller than the predicted scale range), therefore, [HCO3] is determined to be... - The decrease was outside the compensatory range and less than the predicted range, so patient B's final diagnosis was "respiratory alkalosis complicated with metabolic acidosis".

[0029] For specific acid-base imbalances with unilateral changes, please refer to the method of use of this invention. Figure 1 .

[0030] Figure 1 The explanation is as follows: The doctor learned from patient C's blood gas analysis report that the pH value was 7.242, and [HCO3-]... - 18.4 mmol / L, PaCO2 50.7 mmHg; pH slider 31, [HCO3] - Slider 32 and PaCO2 slider 33 are moved to the corresponding positions on the scale; at this time, [HCO3] - Since both slider 32 and PaCO2 slider 33 are located to the left of the midline, it must be a mixed-type acid-base imbalance; according to [HCO3 -The relationship between slider 32 and PaCO2 slider 33 and the scale range can be used to directly diagnose "metabolic acidosis combined with respiratory acidosis".

[0031] The specific method of using this invention is as follows: The first step is to obtain the pH value and [HCO3] from the patient's blood gas analysis report. - ], PaCO2 results, move the three sliders to the corresponding positions on their respective scales; if [HCO3 - If slider 32 and PaCO2 slider 33 are on the same side of the midline, it is directly determined to be a mixed acid-base balance disorder; if [HCO3] - If slider 32 and PaCO2 slider 33 are on opposite sides of the midline, then the type that moves in the same direction as pH slider 31 is the primary type of acid-base imbalance. Another indicator is whether the change is due to metabolism or a mixture, which is determined by a single operation. The second step is to drag the sliding handle 24 to the left or right until its center line is aligned with the [HCO3] on the same side as the pH slider 31. - [Use slider 32 or PaCO2 slider 33; then observe the positional relationship between the midline of the other slider and the range marked on the corresponding prediction scale; if the midline of the slider is within the range marked on the corresponding prediction scale (the PaCO2 prediction scale moves to the right according to the standard range of the right arrow, and moves to the left according to the range marked on the left arrow), then the change in this indicator is due to compensation, and the patient is diagnosed with simple acid-base imbalance; if the midline of the slider is outside the range marked on the corresponding prediction scale, the patient is diagnosed with mixed acid-base imbalance, and the specific mixed type can be diagnosed further based on the size relationship between the slider position and the range marked on the prediction scale.]

[0032] Specific embodiments of the present invention are as follows: Example 1 Patient A's blood gas analysis results showed a pH value of 7.253 and [HCO3-]. - ] 11.5mmol / L, PaCO2 0.4mmHg.

[0033] Using this invention, the sliders of the three indicators are moved to the corresponding positions on the scale (e.g., Figure 2 a) Based on the implementation method, it can be determined that the patient's primary cause is "metabolic acidosis"; drag the sliding handle to the left to align its center line with [HCO3]. - Slider (e.g.) Figure 2 b) At this point, the PaCO2 slider midline can be seen to be within the predicted scale range, therefore patient A is diagnosed with "simple metabolic acidosis".

[0034] Using traditional calculation methods, the doctor, based on the patient's medical history, speculated that the possible primary cause was "metabolic acidosis." Consulting the manual, they found that the compensatory formula for metabolic acidosis is ΔPaCO2↓ = 1.2 × Δ[HCO3] － ±2, where ΔPaCO2↓ is the decrease in partial pressure of carbon dioxide, and Δ[HCO3] is the decrease in partial pressure of carbon dioxide. － [HCO3] represents the change in bicarbonate ion concentration; a search revealed that [HCO3] － The normal value is 27, then Δ[HCO3] － =15.5, then ΔPaCO2↓=18.6±2; the normal value of PaCO2 is 40, so the predicted range of PaCO2 variation is (19.4~23.4); the patient's measured PaCO2 value is 20.4, which is within the predicted range, so the diagnosis is "simple metabolic acidosis".

[0035] Example 2 Patient B's blood gas analysis results: pH 7.465, [HCO3-] - ] 12.7mmol / L, PaCO229.2mmHg.

[0036] Using this invention, the sliders of the three indicators are moved to the corresponding positions on the scale (e.g., Figure 3 a) Based on the implementation method, it can be determined that the patient's primary cause is "respiratory alkalosis"; drag the sliding handle to the right until its center line aligns with the PaCO2 slider (e.g. Figure 3 b) At this point, [HCO3] can be seen. - The slider midline is outside the predicted scale range to the left, therefore it is a mixed type, and patient A is diagnosed with "respiratory alkalosis combined with metabolic acidosis".

[0037] Using traditional calculation methods, the doctor, based on the patient's medical history, speculated that the possible primary cause was "respiratory alkalosis"; consulting the manual, they learned that the compensatory formula for respiratory alkalosis is Δ[HCO3] － ]↓=0.5×ΔPaCO2 ±3; The normal value of PaCO2 is found to be 40, so ΔPaCO2=10.8, then Δ[HCO3] － ]↓=5.4 ±3; Query revealed [HCO3 － The normal value is 27. [HCO3] － The predicted range for [HCO3] is (18.6~24.6); patients [HCO3] － The measured value was 12.7, which was smaller than the predicted range, therefore the diagnosis was "respiratory alkalosis combined with metabolic acidosis".

[0038] Example 3 Patient C's blood gas analysis results showed a pH of 7.242 and [HCO3-]- ] 18.4mmol / L, PaCO250.7mmHg.

[0039] Using this invention, the sliders of the three indicators are moved to the corresponding positions on the scale (e.g., Figure 1 As you can see, the three sliders are on the same side, and based on the implementation method, it can be directly diagnosed as "metabolic acidosis combined with respiratory acidosis".

[0040] Using traditional calculation methods, doctors, based on the patient's medical history, speculated that the possible primary cause was "respiratory acidosis"; consulting the manual, they found that the compensatory formula for respiratory acidosis is Δ[HCO3] － ]↑=0.35×ΔPaCO2 ±3; The normal value of PaCO2 is found to be 40, so ΔPaCO2=10.7, then Δ[HCO3] － ]↑=5.35 ± 3; Query revealed [HCO3] － The normal value is 27. [HCO3] － The predicted range for [HCO3] is (29.35~35.35); patients [HCO3] － The measured value was 18.4, which was smaller than the predicted range, so the diagnosis was "respiratory acidosis combined with metabolic acidosis".

[0041] The above results demonstrate that the predictive range of the compensatory indicators and the final diagnostic conclusion of this invention in acid-base imbalance are completely consistent with traditional formula calculation methods. Using this invention, doctors only need to follow the implementation method to move the indicator slider and drag the sliding handle to obtain a diagnostic conclusion of acid-base imbalance, without needing to memorize complex acid-base imbalance compensatory formulas, look up normal values ​​for each indicator, or perform any calculations. This invention is simple to use, low in cost, solves the diagnostic difficulties of acid-base imbalance in clinical work, improves doctors' work efficiency, and reduces the misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis rates of acid-base imbalance.

Claims

1. A rapid diagnostic tool for acid-base imbalance, characterized by: Includes a backplate (11); pH scale (21) fixed from top to bottom on the first row of the backplate, and [HCO3] scale on the second row. - ]Scale (22), third row [HCO3 - Prediction scale (23), fourth row sliding handle (24), fifth row PaCO2 prediction scale (25), last row PaCO2 scale (26); the five scales are vertically aligned, with the midline on a straight line; pH scale (21), [HCO3] - The scale (22) and PaCO2 scale (26) are respectively equipped with sliders that can slide left and right; the sliding handle (24) in the fourth row, through two sets of pulleys (12) fixed on the back plate, respectively connects with the [HCO3] above. - The prediction scale (23) and the PaCO2 prediction scale (25) below form a left-right reverse interaction relationship; The specific usage method of the rapid diagnostic ruler for acid-base imbalance is as follows: The first step is to obtain the pH value and [HCO3] from the patient's blood gas analysis report. - ], PaCO2 result, move the three sliders to the corresponding positions on their respective scales; if [HCO3 - If slider (32) and PaCO2 slider (33) are on the same side of the midline, it is directly determined to be a mixed acid-base imbalance; if [HCO3] - If slider (32) and PaCO2 slider (33) are on opposite sides of the midline, then the type that moves in the same direction as pH slider (31) is the primary type of acid-base imbalance. Another indicator change is whether it is a replacement or a mixture, which is determined by further operation. The second step is to drag the sliding handle (24) to the left or right so that its center line is aligned with the [HCO3] on the same side as the pH slider (31). - [Slider (32) or PaCO2 slider (33); then observe the positional relationship between the midline of the other slider and the range marked on the corresponding prediction scale; if the midline of the slider is within the range marked on the corresponding prediction scale, the PaCO2 prediction scale moves to the right according to the range marked by the right arrow, and moves to the left according to the range marked by the left arrow, then the change in the index is due to compensation, and the patient is diagnosed with simple acid-base imbalance; if the midline of the slider is outside the range marked on the corresponding prediction scale, the patient is diagnosed with mixed acid-base imbalance, and the specific mixed type can be diagnosed further according to the size relationship between the slider position and the range marked on the prediction scale; The third line [HCO3] - The prediction scale (23) is marked with a thickened and raised vertical scale line at the midline, and three scales with a spacing of 1.67n mm are marked to the left and right. The scale lines are marked with the range of -3 and +3. The PaCO2 prediction scale (25) in the fifth row is marked with a thickened and raised vertical scale line at the midline. Five scales with a spacing of n millimeters are marked to the left and right. The range of +2 and -2 is marked above the scale line and a right arrow is marked next to it. The range of +5 and -5 is marked below the scale line and a left arrow is marked next to it.

2. The rapid diagnostic tool for acid-base imbalance according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pH scale (21) has vertical graduations spaced n millimeters apart at the bottom edge, with 5 or 10 graduations marked by long and short lines. Each graduation corresponds to a pH value of 0.

01. The leftmost end starts with a pH value of 7.1 and increases sequentially to the right, with the center point at 7.4 and the rightmost end at 7.

7. The scale range of 7.35 to 7.45 uses different background colors to represent the normal value range. The 7.4 graduation line is thickened and raised to represent the center line. The corresponding pH value is marked every 10 graduations.

3. The rapid diagnostic tool for acid-base imbalance according to claim 1, characterized in that: The [HCO3] - The lower edge of the scale (22) is marked with vertical graduations spaced 1.67 mm apart, with 5 or 10 graduations indicated by long and short lines; each graduation corresponds to [HCO3] - The concentration is 1 mmol / L, and the leftmost end is from [HCO3] - Starting at 5 mmol / L, increments increase to the right, with the center point at 24 and the rightmost point at 45; the scale bars 21-27 use different background colors to represent the normal range, the 24 mark is thickened and raised to represent the midline, and the integer 10 marks the corresponding [HCO3] values. - ].

4. The rapid diagnostic tool for acid-base imbalance according to claim 1, characterized in that: The PaCO2 scale (26) has vertical graduations spaced n millimeters apart on the upper edge, with 5 or 10 graduations marked by long and short lines. Each graduation corresponds to 1 mmHg of PaCO2. The leftmost end starts from 70 mmHg of PaCO2 and decreases to the right, with the center point at 40 and the rightmost end at 10. The scale from 45 to 55 uses different background colors to represent the normal value range. The 40 graduation line is thickened and raised to represent the center line. The corresponding PaCO2 is marked every 10 graduations.

5. The rapid diagnostic tool for acid-base imbalance according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pH scale (21), [HCO3] - Each of the scales (22) and PaCO2 scale (26) has a transparent slider with a center line marked in the middle. The slider can be slid left and right on the scale to be positioned at the corresponding value.

6. The rapid diagnostic tool for acid-base imbalance according to claim 1, characterized in that: The [HCO3] - The prediction scale (23) is located at [HCO3] - Between the scale (22) and the sliding handle (24), when the sliding handle (24) moves left and right, it drives [HCO3] through two pulleys (12) fixed to the back plate. - The prediction scale (23) moves an equal distance in the opposite direction.

7. The rapid diagnostic tool for acid-base imbalance according to claim 1, characterized in that: The PaCO2 prediction scale (25) is located between the PaCO2 scale (26) and the sliding handle (24). When the sliding handle (24) moves left and right, the PaCO2 prediction scale (25) moves an equal distance in opposite directions through two pulleys (12) fixed to the back plate.

8. The rapid diagnostic tool for acid-base imbalance according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sliding handle (24) has raised and recessed lines at both ends, which facilitates pressing, sliding, or dragging with the fingers; the middle has a vertical center line scale and is marked with left and right arrows.

9. The rapid diagnostic tool for acid-base imbalance according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each scale is labeled with medical English abbreviations indicating the indicator and unit.

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