A construction heat preservation system and method for deep and large shafts in high-cold regions

Abstract

The present application relates to the vertical shaft construction technical field, specifically point to a kind of high-cold region deep and big vertical shaft construction heat preservation system and method, vertical shaft headframe, winch stable car house, fan, boiler house are wrapped using rock wool insulation board, form airtight heat preservation greenhouse, use boiler hot water circulation pipeline to pass through winch stable car house, fan, vertical shaft headframe heat preservation greenhouse, heat circulation pipeline outside heat preservation greenhouse is wound electric heating wire and wrapped using heat preservation cotton, hot water circulation pipeline on heat preservation greenhouse is connected with series heating radiator, winch stable car house installs high-power air heater, the heat of air heater and heating radiator is pressed into face by wind pipe with the help of fan, ensure that face construction has enough heat, while installing lifting air heater in vertical shaft to heat the different section height of shaft lining, can ensure the normal operation of vertical shaft sinking equipment in high-cold region, ensure the uninterrupted construction of vertical shaft all year round.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of shaft construction technology, specifically to a thermal insulation system and method for deep shaft construction in cold regions. Background Technology

[0002] Ventilation shafts are typically installed in extra-long mountain tunnels exceeding 5 km in length. These shafts serve as smoke exhaust channels during construction and operation, and also assist in rapid excavation at the main tunnel face. However, the extremely cold winters at high altitudes pose a significant challenge to shaft construction, especially for deep and large shafts located in frigid regions like Xinjiang, Tibet, and Qinghai in my country, where winter insulation is crucial. Traditional insulation methods for deep and large shafts in high-altitude and frigid areas typically involve enclosing the shaft opening and winch stable house with corrugated steel sheets to create a sealed insulated shed. Multiple coal stoves are used for heating within this shed. This method is ineffective, and the coal stoves negatively impact air quality within the shaft, potentially leading to poisoning and suffocation among workers at the working face. Furthermore, this combination of insulated sheds and coal stoves fails to provide sufficient temperature for the concrete lining of the shaft to cure properly. Consequently, the newly demolded concrete lining fails to reach the required curing temperature, resulting in insufficient strength and numerous other quality defects. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a thermal insulation system and method for deep vertical shaft construction in high-altitude and cold regions. This system overcomes the shortcomings of traditional thermal insulation methods for deep vertical shafts in these areas, ensuring uninterrupted excavation and lining of the shaft year-round, unaffected by cold weather and thus maintaining the construction progress. Simultaneously, it ensures the required temperature for the initial concrete lining and the necessary temperature for curing the demolded concrete in high-altitude and cold regions, guaranteeing the construction quality of the initial lining and continuous construction at the working face.

[0004] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A thermal insulation system for deep vertical shaft construction in high-altitude and cold regions includes a shaft frame coaxially mounted with the shaft, a winch stabilization room, a fan, and a boiler room arranged around the shaft frame. The outer surfaces of the shaft frame, winch stabilization room, fan, and boiler room are covered with rock wool insulation boards. The winch stabilization room, fan, and shaft frame are connected by a hot water circulation pipe from the boiler. The hot water circulation pipe passes through the winch stabilization room, fan, and shaft frame, and its surface is wrapped with heating wire and insulated. The boiler hot water circulation pipe is wrapped in cotton. The pipes inside the winch stable house, fan room, and shaft frame are connected in series with radiators and multiple water distributors. Multiple warm air fans are evenly distributed in the winch stable house and fan room. The winch stable house has an axial flow fan built in it. The axial flow fan is connected to the shaft face through a duct. The air outlet of the duct extends into the shaft face. The shaft is coaxially equipped with a double-layer hanging plate. Multiple warm air fans are installed at the axis of the double-layer hanging plate through a rotatable turntable.

[0005] Furthermore, intelligent temperature and humidity alarms are installed at vertical intervals in the shaft. The setting of intelligent temperature and humidity alarms is conducive to the optimal humidity and temperature for improving concrete strength, and fully utilizes information and intelligent means to monitor the ambient temperature and humidity of the high-lining concrete section.

[0006] Furthermore, the air intake of the axial flow fan is located close to the nearest heater.

[0007] Furthermore, the number of the intelligent temperature and humidity alarms is no less than 3.

[0008] Furthermore, the double-layer hanging platform is equipped with an automatic spray curing device, which is conducive to the rapid increase of concrete strength and ensures the construction quality of the lining concrete.

[0009] Furthermore, a rotatable turntable is provided at the double-layer hanging platform.

[0010] A method for thermal insulation during the construction of deep vertical shafts in high-altitude and cold regions includes the following steps: Step 1: Construct insulation sheds on the outer surfaces of the shaft derrick, winch stable house, fan, and boiler room; Step 2: Connect the boiler hot water circulation pipe between the winch stable house, the fan, and the shaft frame; Step 3: Wrap heating wire around the surface of the boiler hot water circulation pipes that are not located in the winch stable house, fan, or shaft frame, and then wrap them with insulation cotton. Step 4: Connect radiators and multiple water distributors in the pipeline of the boiler hot water circulation pipe to the winch stable house, fan, and vertical shaft frame; Step 5: Install multiple warm air blowers inside the winch stable house; Step 6: Install a double-layer hanging platform inside the shaft, and install multiple warm air blowers at the double-layer hanging platform via a rotatable turntable.

[0011] Furthermore, the method for constructing the insulation shed for the vertical shaft derrick is as follows: S1. Vertical square steel bars are installed at equal intervals on each side of the shaft frame. The square steel bars are welded firmly to each member of the frame and serve as the main ribs of the rock wool insulation shed. The bottom of the main ribs extends into the concrete foundation. S2. On each side of the vertical shaft frame, strip square steel is welded perpendicularly to the main rib at equal intervals along the vertical direction of the main rib to serve as the secondary rib of the rock wool insulation greenhouse. S3. Lay rock wool insulation board on the surface of the secondary rib and fix it firmly inside the secondary rib with self-tapping screws.

[0012] Furthermore, the method also includes vertically spaced intelligent temperature and humidity alarms on the surface of the primary lining concrete of the shaft.

[0013] Furthermore, in S3, when laying rock wool insulation boards, the construction joints of two adjacent rock wool insulation boards are staggered by at least 50mm.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects: 1. The insulated shed is constructed using Class A non-combustible rock wool insulation boards, which offer excellent fire resistance and thermal insulation performance. The rock wool insulation boards are standardized and transported to the construction site for manual assembly, significantly improving the construction efficiency of vertical shaft insulation sheds in high-altitude and cold regions. Using strip-shaped square steel as the main and secondary ribs for welding to the shaft frame components simplifies the process, reduces labor intensity, and greatly lowers construction costs. The rock wool insulation boards can be easily and quickly replaced during later maintenance, improving maintenance efficiency and reducing costs in high-altitude and cold regions. The fully enclosed insulation of the shaft ensures uninterrupted construction throughout the year, accelerating shaft construction and saving on construction costs.

[0015] 2. The boiler's hot water circulation pipes pass through the winch stable house and the blower. Radiators are connected in series on the hot water circulation pipes to fully utilize the heat emitted by the radiators to assist the warm air blower in providing heating, ensuring the construction temperature inside the wellhead insulation shed. Multiple water distributors are installed on the hot water circulation pipes to provide water for concrete mixing, ensuring the minimum temperature required for concrete mixing and the temperature required for placement in the formwork, thus ensuring the quality of concrete construction. High-power axial flow fans compress the heat generated by the warm air blowers in the winch house and stable house into the auxiliary hanging platform safety plate at the working face. Multiple warm air blowers are installed on this platform to provide the optimal temperature for concrete curing and for personnel working at the working face, preventing various quality defects caused by insufficient strength due to excessively low concrete temperature.

[0016] 3. Intelligent temperature and humidity alarms are installed at vertical intervals and circumferential intervals on the surface of the primary lining concrete of the well body. Optimal humidity and temperature settings are established to promote concrete strength development. Information technology and intelligent methods are fully utilized to monitor the ambient temperature and humidity of this section of the lining concrete. The hoisting platform is raised and lowered, and with the aid of automation, a rotating turntable on the platform drives a warm air blower to increase the ambient temperature of this section of the lining concrete. An automatic spray curing device on the platform is also activated to spray water for curing, which is beneficial for improving the strength of the well body lining concrete. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the invention and form part of this application, do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the thermal insulation plane of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the thermal insulation of the present invention; Figure 3 This is an elevation view of the derrick insulation of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a side view of the derrick insulation of the present invention; Figure 5 This is an elevation view of the boiler heat circulation pipeline insulation of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the boiler heat circulation pipe insulation of the present invention.

[0018] The attached diagram shows the markings and corresponding component names: 1-Insulated shed; 2-Wind stabilization room; 3-Boiler room; 4-Hot water circulation pipe; 5-Water distributor; 6-Shaft frame; 7-Boiler; 8-Radiator; 9-Warm air blower; 10-Fan; 11-Air duct; 12-Heating wire; 13-Insulation cotton; 14-Main rib; 15-Secondary rib; 16-Self-tapping screw; 17-Working face; 18-Double-layer hanging plate; 19-Intelligent temperature and humidity alarm; 20-Shaft lining; 21-Automatic sprinkler curing device; 22-Turntable; 23-Lifting warm air blower. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this invention are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. It should be noted that this invention is already in the actual research and development stage.

[0020] Example 1: like Figures 1-6As shown, a thermal insulation system for deep vertical shaft construction in cold regions includes a shaft frame 6 coaxially mounted with the shaft, a winch stable house 2, a fan 10, and a boiler room 3 arranged around the shaft frame 6. The outer surfaces of the shaft frame 6, winch stable house 2, fan 10, and boiler room 3 are covered with rock wool insulation boards. The winch stable house 2, fan 10, and shaft frame 6 are connected by a boiler hot water circulation pipe 4. The boiler hot water circulation pipe 4 passes through the winch stable house 2, fan 10, and shaft frame 6, and its surface is wrapped with heating wire 12 and insulated with insulation cotton 13. Radiators 8 and multiple water distributors 5 are connected in series on the pipes inside the winch stable house 2, fan 10, and shaft frame 6. Multiple warm air fans 9 are evenly distributed inside the winch stable house 2 and fan 10. The winch stable house 2 houses the fan 10, which is connected to the shaft via an air duct 11. The air outlet of the air duct 11... The shaft face 17 extends into the vertical shaft. A double-layer hanging platform 18 is coaxially installed in the shaft. A rotatable warm air blower 23 is connected to the axis of the double-layer hanging platform 18. The boiler room 3 houses the boiler 7. The boiler hot water circulation pipe 4 is part of the boiler 7 and mainly supplies hot water circulation within the boiler. The shaft frame 6, winch stable house 2, blower 10, boiler room 3, and hot water circulation pipe 4 are all sealed with a rock wool insulation shed 1. When the rock wool insulation shed 1 is used, the blower 1... Half of the entire machine body is covered by the insulation shed 1, while the rest is exposed to the outside air. The boiler 7 is an independent insulation unit; the winch stable house 2, radiator 8, and fan 10 are an independent insulation unit; the shaft frame 6, radiator 8, and wellhead mixing station are an independent insulation unit. The fan 10 is an axial flow fan, and its air intake is close to the nearby warm air fan 9. The air outlet is connected to the air inlet of the air duct 11. The boiler and warm air fan are electric boiler and electric warm air fan.

[0021] It should be noted that the air duct 11 is required to be smooth and without right angles. The air inlet of the air duct 11 is connected to the air outlet of the axial flow fan. The air outlet of the air duct 11 extends into the working face through the reserved holes on the sealing plate and the double-layer hanging plate to input fresh warm air into the working face.

[0022] It should be noted that no less than three intelligent temperature and humidity alarms (19) are installed on the vertical concrete surface at certain intervals and circumferential intervals. The intelligent temperature and humidity alarms (19) are installed on the well lining (20). The intelligent temperature and humidity alarms (19) can be set to ensure the optimal temperature N℃ and optimal humidity N℃ required for the curing strength of the well lining (20) concrete. According to the alarm section height of the temperature and humidity alarms (19), the double-layer hanging platform (18) is lifted, and the turntable (22) installed on the safety plate of the double-layer hanging platform (18) is started to drive the warm air fan (23) to rotate and increase the circumferential temperature of the section of the well lining (20). At the same time, the automatic spray curing device (21) on the hanging platform (18) is started to spray water for curing the section.

[0023] Example 2: Based on Example 1, a method for thermal insulation during the construction of deep vertical shafts in cold regions is proposed, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Construct an insulation shed on the outer surface of the vertical shaft 6, winch stable house 2, fan 10, and boiler room 3; Step 2: Connect the boiler 7 hot water circulation pipe 4 between the winch stable house 2, the fan 10, and the shaft frame 6; Step 3: Wrap heating wire 12 around the surface of the boiler hot water circulation pipe 4 that is not located in the winch stable house 2, fan 10, or shaft frame 6, and wrap it with insulation cotton 13. Step 4: Connect the radiator 8 and the water distributor 5 in series in the boiler hot water circulation pipe 4, which is located in the winch stable house 2, the fan 10, and the vertical shaft frame 6. Step 5: Install multiple warm air blowers inside the winch stable house 2; Step 6: Install a double-layer suspended platform inside the shaft and connect a lifting heater to the double-layer suspended platform.

[0024] Furthermore, the method for constructing the insulation shed for the vertical shaft derrick is as follows: S1. Vertical square steel bars are installed at equal intervals on each side of the shaft frame. The square steel bars are welded firmly to each member of the frame and serve as the main ribs of the rock wool insulation shed. The bottom of the main ribs extends into the concrete foundation. S2. On each side of the vertical shaft frame, strip square steel is welded perpendicularly to the main rib at equal intervals along the vertical direction of the main rib to serve as the secondary rib of the rock wool insulation greenhouse. S3. Lay rock wool insulation board on the surface of the secondary rib and fix it firmly inside the secondary rib with self-tapping screws.

[0025] Furthermore, the method also includes installing intelligent temperature and humidity alarms at vertical intervals along the shaft.

[0026] Furthermore, in S3, when laying rock wool insulation boards, the construction joints of two adjacent rock wool insulation boards are staggered by at least 50mm.

[0027] It should be noted that this insulation method requires at least one fan 10, one boiler (7), one heat circulation pipeline 4, multiple sets of radiators (8), multiple fan heaters (9), no less than three intelligent temperature and humidity alarms (19), and one automatically rotating turntable (22). Furthermore, it should be noted that the boiler 7 is preferably an electric boiler, and the fan heater 9 is preferably an electric fan heater.

[0028] This method has been validated in a 22.13km long tunnel in Xinjiang, located in a high-altitude and cold region, using a "3-tunnel + 4-shaft" design. The tunnel employs 4 shafts for longitudinal ventilation in 5 sections, with shafts spaced 4.4km apart. The shaft sites are located at altitudes between 3500m and 3700m, with an average annual temperature of +5℃ and winter temperatures around -5℃, reaching extreme lows of -47℃. The ground insulation of the shaft body utilizes a rock wool insulation shed + warm air blower + radiator. The boiler hot water circulation pipes are wrapped with heating wires and insulation cotton, significantly increasing the construction temperature inside the insulation shed. This ensures uninterrupted construction at the shaft face throughout the year in the high-altitude and cold region, accelerating the construction cycle and saving on shaft construction costs. Multiple manifolds are installed on the heat circulation pipeline, through which underfloor heating pipes are laid to ensure that the temperature of the sand and gravel in the storage area is above 5℃. Simultaneously, water for concrete mixing is supplied through pipes connected to the manifolds, ensuring the mixing and placement temperatures of the concrete and guaranteeing its construction quality. At the bottom of the shaft, heat generated by radiators and warm air blowers installed in the winch stable house is forced into the working face via axial flow fans and ducts. A rotating warm air blower is installed on the safety plate of the double-layer suspended platform, providing optimal temperature for personnel construction and concrete curing. Multiple intelligent temperature and humidity alarms are installed vertically at intervals on the surface of the shaft lining concrete. These intelligently monitor the humidity and temperature of the shaft lining concrete surface. A minimum hygrometer temperature can be set to ensure concrete strength; if the temperature falls below the set point, an alarm is automatically triggered. The double-layer suspended platform is then raised, and warm air blowers and an automatic spray curing device are used to heat and spray water onto that section of concrete, promoting rapid concrete strength development and ensuring the construction quality of the lining concrete.

[0029] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for thermal insulation during the construction of deep vertical shafts in high-altitude and cold regions, characterized in that, The system includes a shaft frame (6) coaxially mounted with the shaft, a winch stable house (2), a fan (10), and a boiler room (3) surrounding the shaft frame (6). The shaft frame (6), winch stable house (2), fan (10), and boiler room (3) are covered with rock wool insulation boards. The winch stable house (2), fan (10), and shaft frame (6) are connected by a hot water circulation pipe (4) of a boiler (7). The hot water circulation pipe (4) of the boiler (7) passes through the winch stable house (2), fan (10), and shaft frame (6), and the pipe surface is wrapped with heating wire (12) and insulated with insulation cotton (13). The boiler (7) is wrapped with a hot water circulation pipe (4) connected in series with a radiator (8) and multiple water distributors (5) in the pipes of the winch stable house (2), the fan (10) and the shaft frame (6). Multiple warm air fans are evenly distributed in the winch stable house (2) and the fan (10). The winch stable house (2) has an axial flow fan (10) built in it. The axial flow fan (10) is connected to the shaft face through a duct (11). The air outlet of the duct (11) extends into the shaft face (17). The shaft is coaxially equipped with a double-layer hanging plate (18). Multiple warm air fans are installed at the axis of the double-layer hanging plate (18). The double-layer hanging plate (18) is equipped with an automatic spraying and curing device (21); A rotatable turntable (22) is provided at the double-layer hanging plate (18); Includes the following steps: Step 1: Construct an insulation shed (1) on the outer surface of the shaft derrick (6), winch stable house (2), fan (10), and boiler room (3); Step 2: Connect the boiler (7) hot water circulation pipe (4) between the winch stable house (2), the fan (10), and the shaft frame (6); Step 3: Wrap heating wire (12) around the surface of the hot water circulation pipe (4) of the boiler (7) that is not located in the winch stable house (2), fan (10), or shaft frame (6) and wrap it with insulation cotton (13); Step 4: In the hot water circulation pipe (4) of the boiler (7), the radiator (8) and multiple water distributors (5) are connected in series in the pipe of the winch stable house (2), the fan (10) and the shaft frame (6). Step 5: Install multiple warm air blowers inside the winch stable house (2); Step 6: Install a double-layer hanging platform (18) inside the shaft, and set multiple warm air blowers on the working plate of the double-layer hanging platform (18) via a rotatable turntable (22); Intelligent temperature and humidity alarms (19) are installed vertically at intervals on the concrete surface of the shaft body. It also includes setting up underfloor heating pipes through multiple water distributors, laying the underfloor heating pipes within the horizontal projection of the vertical shaft insulation shed, and placing them 30mm below the concrete surface of the site; The method for constructing the insulation shed (1) of the vertical shaft derrick (6) is as follows: S1. Vertical shaft frame (6) is vertically and equally spaced with strip square steel bars. The strip square steel bars are welded firmly to each member of the frame and serve as the main rib (14) of the rock wool insulation shed (1). The bottom of the main rib (14) extends into the concrete foundation. S2, The vertical shaft frame (6) has strip square steel welded at equal intervals to the main rib (14) on each side as the secondary rib (15) of the rock wool insulation greenhouse. S3. Lay rock wool insulation boards on the surface of the secondary rib (15) and fix them firmly inside the secondary rib (15) with self-tapping screws (16); when laying the rock wool insulation boards, the construction joints of two adjacent rock wool insulation boards should be staggered by at least 50mm.

2. The method for thermal insulation during construction of deep vertical shafts in high-altitude and cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air inlet of the axial flow fan (10) is close to the nearest heater.

3. The method for thermal insulation during construction of deep vertical shafts in high-altitude and cold regions according to claim 2, characterized in that, The number of intelligent temperature and humidity alarm devices (19) shall not be less than 3.

4. The method for thermal insulation during construction of deep vertical shafts in high-altitude and cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method also includes installing intelligent temperature and humidity alarms (19) at vertical intervals on the surface of the primary lining concrete of the shaft body.

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