Electroacoustic transducer and loudspeaker, microphone and electronic device comprising said electroacoustic transducer

Abstract

The present disclosure proposes an electro-acoustic transducer comprising a diaphragm having a central region and an outer region, and a dynamic coil mechanically coupled to the diaphragm, wherein the dynamic coil is arranged on or in at least a portion of the outer region of the diaphragm and is wound along at least a portion of the outer region of the diaphragm. At least one further coil is arranged concentrically with respect to the dynamic coil and defines one of the following: an additional dynamic coil, if arranged on or in at least the central region of the diaphragm and wound along at least the central region of the diaphragm; and a static field coil, if wound in the vicinity of the diaphragm and configured to electromagnetically interact with the dynamic coil. The present disclosure further relates to a loudspeaker, a microphone and an electronic device, each comprising an electro-acoustic transducer according to the present disclosure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to electroacoustic transducers. Background Technology

[0002] The term electroacoustic transducer signifies the conversion of energy, such as the conversion of energy carried in a signal in two ways: from an electrical signal to an acoustic signal (loudspeaker) and / or from an acoustic signal to an electrical signal (microphone). A signal can be defined in the time domain or the frequency domain. If expressed in the frequency domain, a signal can include multiple frequency bands. For example, a signal can include a low-frequency band with lower signal frequencies, a mid-frequency band with intermediate frequencies, and a high-frequency band with higher frequencies. Typically, several electroacoustic transducers are combined to cover a frequency range spanning multiple frequency bands.

[0003] Electroacoustic transducers typically operate based on the principle of electromagnetic induction and include a dynamic coil attached to a diaphragm. Sound waves excite the diaphragm, causing the dynamic coil to vibrate in a static magnetic field generated by a permanent magnet. Conversely, an electrical signal can be applied to the dynamic coil to generate an alternating magnetic field that interacts with the static magnetic field to excite motion in the diaphragm, thereby producing sound waves.

[0004] In conventional electroacoustic transducers, the diaphragm emits or collects sound waves over its entire surface area, while the dynamic coil is attached to a small portion or even a single point of the diaphragm. For example, in a conventional loudspeaker, the diaphragm has a conical shape with an open end, and the dynamic coil is attached to the periphery of the smaller open end of the cone; and in a conventional microphone, the center of a circular diaphragm is attached to the dynamic coil.

[0005] The drawback of the aforementioned electroacoustic transducers is that, in order to reliably convert signals, restrictive and incompatible requirements are imposed on the diaphragm. The diaphragm of a traditional electroacoustic transducer must:

[0006] (a) Extremely stiff to transmit sound waves through the entire diaphragm;

[0007] (b) Strong sound damping to avoid ringing or otherwise affecting received or transmitted sound waves; and

[0008] (c) Lightweight to reduce the inertia of the diaphragm with respect to sound waves.

[0009] Since these requirements are not easily met in known composite materials, let alone in known pure materials, the fidelity of the conversion is compromised and / or limited to a relatively narrow frequency band in known electroacoustic transducers. For example, materials with high stiffness naturally also have relatively weak damping characteristics.

[0010] US 6,137,891 A discloses an electroacoustic transducer having a conductor pattern of voice coils formed on a sheet of flexible, electrically insulating material. Multiple voice coils are arranged in an adjacent, spaced-apart manner on a diaphragm.

[0011] WO 02 / 063922 A2 discloses a single-ended electroacoustic transducer including a diaphragm having an attached conductive strip for engaging with permanent magnets arranged in parallel rows.

[0012] GB 2 071 460 A discloses an electroacoustic transducer comprising a planar diaphragm and a magnet plate having a matching magnetization pattern, wherein the voice coil is arranged on the diaphragm in the form of concentric circular segments.

[0013] US 4 471 173 A, especially its Figures 6-7 The accompanying description discloses a transducer with a flat diaphragm featuring ribs, in which conductor runs are embedded. These ribs are arranged parallel to the magnetization bands, allowing them to move into and out of the space between the magnetization bands.

[0014] US 6 137 891 A, WO 02 / 063922 A2, GB 2 071 460 A and US 4 471 173 A are considered prior art and each describes an electroacoustic transducer with a diaphragm on which an electrical conductor is wound to serve as a dynamic coil.

[0015] GB 2 134 747 A discloses a loudspeaker with very low magnetic flux leakage, comprising a spherical diaphragm supported by a damper located on a housing integrally assembled with the loudspeaker. A voice coil is wound around a tubular portion of the diaphragm.

[0016] GB 311 486 A, GB 343 128 A and US 3 766 334 A disclose loudspeakers that formed earlier prior art.

[0017] GB 2 278 251 A discloses a loudspeaker driver unit including a compensation coil mounted on the central portion of a magnet system to counteract AC magnetic flux generated due to the movement of the voice coil, thereby reducing sound distortion. The compensation coil is wound in the opposite direction to the voice coil and is connected in series with the voice coil. Summary of the Invention

[0018] The purpose of this invention is to provide an improved electroacoustic transducer.

[0019] This is achieved by the present invention, which proposes an electroacoustic transducer comprising a diaphragm having a central region and an outer region, and a dynamic coil mechanically coupled to the diaphragm, wherein the dynamic coil is arranged on or within at least a portion of the outer region of the diaphragm and wound along at least a portion of the outer region of the diaphragm, and wherein at least one additional coil is arranged concentrically relative to the dynamic coil, and it defines one of the following:

[0020] If it is positioned above or in at least the central region of the diaphragm and wound along that central region, then an additional dynamic coil is defined; and

[0021] If it is wound near the diaphragm and configured to interact electromagnetically with the dynamic coil, then the static field coil is defined.

[0022] By arranging the dynamic coil on or within at least a portion of the outer region of the diaphragm and winding it along that portion, distributed mechanical contact between the dynamic coil and the diaphragm is achieved, resulting in better transduction and eliminating restrictive material requirements. An improved and highly reliable electroacoustic transducer can now be realized, with simplified requirements for its diaphragm, which at most requires acoustic damping and is preferably lightweight. The previous restrictive requirements for rigid diaphragms are no longer necessary. In fact, in the electroacoustic transducer according to the invention, a flexible diaphragm is advantageous, which naturally leads to better acoustic damping and is generally lighter. The flexible diaphragm reliably follows the localized motion caused by the incoming or generated sound waves. The two characteristics of acoustic damping and light weight can be combined in many different materials, such as rubber or polycarbonate. This greatly improves the quality of sound wave emission and recording.

[0023] Furthermore, compared to conventional electroacoustic transducers, the electroacoustic transducer according to the present invention does not require a symmetrical diaphragm. The diaphragm can be flat and essentially any two-dimensional form, or it can be a three-dimensional shape, including a cube or a curved surface. This further removes the limitations on the design of the electroacoustic transducer. For example, the conical loudspeaker diaphragm with an end opening, which is conventionally used, can be omitted. This eliminates the need for a central hole in such a diaphragm.

[0024] According to the invention, at least one additional coil is arranged concentrically relative to the dynamic coil. If the at least one additional coil is arranged on or within the diaphragm and wound along the diaphragm, the at least one additional coil forms another dynamic coil, and if wound near the diaphragm and configured to electromagnetically interact with the dynamic coil, the at least one additional coil forms a static field coil. The concentric arrangement of the dynamic coil and the at least one additional coil can be on the same surface or spaced apart in directions along and / or through the diaphragm. When arranged on or within the diaphragm and wound along the diaphragm, the at least one additional coil forms another dynamic coil. When wound near the diaphragm and configured to electromagnetically interact with the dynamic coil, the at least one additional coil forms a static field coil. In each case, the combination of the dynamic coil and the at least one additional coil improves the fidelity of the electroacoustic transducer while providing a more versatile arrangement and reduced thickness compared to known electroacoustic transducers. In particular, when the at least one additional coil is a static field coil, the use of magnets or magnetizing materials that generate a permanent magnetic field can be avoided.

[0025] Generally, when an additional coil is arranged on or within the diaphragm and wound along the diaphragm, it defines an additional dynamic coil. However, when an additional coil is wound near the diaphragm and configured to electromagnetically interact with the dynamic coil, it defines a static field coil. The concentricity of the coil arrangement should be understood as the dynamic coil and at least one additional coil being wound around a common mathematical axis, but the coils do not need to be coplanar, and thus offsets can exist along this mathematical axis. Furthermore, the coils do not need to be wound in a specific pattern (e.g., circular, helix, or spiral). When an additional coil defines an additional dynamic coil, the additional dynamic coil can be arranged radially offset or spaced relative to the dynamic coil. It is also conceivable that, instead of radial offset or spaced relative to the dynamic coil, or in addition to radial offset or spaced relative to the dynamic coil, the additional dynamic coil can be arranged at an offset or spaced relative to the diaphragm thickness.

[0026] The diaphragm can serve as a frame for the dynamic coil. The dynamic coil can be wound along the entire active surface of the diaphragm to achieve mechanical contact between the dynamic coil and the diaphragm over the maximum surface area. The diaphragm can then be driven at any position on the diaphragm, regardless of its shape.

[0027] The static magnetic field generated by a permanent magnet can be implemented in the electroacoustic transducer of the present invention in a conventional manner and alternatively in a manner disclosed herein.

[0028] Preferably, the diaphragm is substantially flat. A substantially flat diaphragm has various advantages. For example, it results in a reduced thickness of the electroacoustic transducer of the present invention compared to conventional electroacoustic transducers. Furthermore, the flat shape eliminates the need for holes in the diaphragm, as is always present in conventional loudspeakers. Without such holes, the diaphragm can transmit or receive sound waves more reliably, especially at higher frequencies.

[0029] Preferably, the dynamic coil is embedded in the diaphragm. The diaphragm can therefore partially or completely encapsulate the dynamic coil. When the dynamic coil is embedded in the diaphragm, the mechanical contact between the dynamic coil and the diaphragm is further improved, resulting in increased transducer fidelity. Furthermore, this configuration leads to a thinner structure.

[0030] Preferably, the dynamic coil is electrically connected to an input or output terminal. The input or output terminal can be configured to provide electrical signals to and / or receive electrical signals from the dynamic coil. The input or output terminal can be electrically connected to the dynamic coil via connecting leads.

[0031] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, a plurality of dynamic coils are arranged above or within the diaphragm, each dynamic coil being associated with a frequency band. That is, each dynamic coil can be associated with its own frequency band, which differs from or is different from the acoustic frequency bands of the remaining dynamic coils. In this embodiment, each dynamic coil can be electrically connected to an input or output terminal. Thus, multiple input or output terminals can be employed, each terminal providing or receiving a signal associated with an acoustic frequency band. Additionally or alternatively, in this embodiment, the plurality of dynamic coils can be arranged concentrically. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the plurality of dynamic coils can be arranged in order of acoustic frequency bands. Additionally or alternatively, in this embodiment, the dynamic coil associated with the highest acoustic frequency band can be arranged closest to or in the central region of the diaphragm. The plurality of dynamic coils can be arranged concentrically, with the dynamic coil associated with the highest acoustic frequency band located at the center. This arrangement further improves the electroacoustic transducer by receiving and transmitting sound waves more accurately over a wider frequency range.

[0032] In any of the disclosed embodiments, the diaphragm can be elastic in the acoustic band associated with the dynamic coil. Therefore, the diaphragm suppresses this acoustic frequency while also exhibiting low inertia at said frequency due to its elasticity. This differs from prior art diaphragms, which are typically rigid rather than elastic, and are specifically used in loudspeakers. An elastic diaphragm locally conforms to mechanical deformation induced by electrical or acoustic signals. If more than one dynamic coil is provided, an equal number of correlation bands can be included.

[0033] Preferably, the diaphragm comprises at least one material selected from the group consisting of: rubber-like materials, rubber, silicone resin, polyimide, polyamide, preferably carbon and / or glass fiber reinforced polyester resin, and polycarbonate. This group of materials ensures damping and low inertia, improving conversion fidelity.

[0034] Advantageously, the present invention can be transparent. This is achieved by selecting a sufficiently small wire diameter for the dynamic coil and a transparent material for the diaphragm. Due to the small thickness and transparency of the diaphragm, the present invention creates the possibility of transparent electroacoustic transducers, which can then be combined with display technologies.

[0035] Preferably, the diaphragm is made of a material with a Young's modulus between 0.01 GPa and 5 GPa, more preferably between 0.1 GPa and 2.4 GPa. This range is particularly suitable for exciting or receiving sound waves in the audible spectrum, while having relatively low stiffness compared to the diaphragms of conventional electroacoustic transducers.

[0036] Preferably, the electroacoustic transducer according to the invention further includes at least one static field coil configured to electromagnetically interact with the dynamic coil. The static field coil renders conventional permanent magnets redundant. This reduces the mass of the transducer and saves on rare earth metals, such as neodymium, typically used in the permanent magnets of electroacoustic transducers.

[0037] Preferably, at least one static field coil is wound near the diaphragm. This enhances the interaction between the at least one static field coil and the dynamic coil, improving the fidelity of the sound conversion. Furthermore, the thickness of the electroacoustic transducer is further reduced. It should be understood that any static field coil is preferably spaced apart from the diaphragm.

[0038] At least one static field coil can serve as an electrical ground relative to a signal supplied to one or more dynamic coils, or as an electrical ground for a signal supplied by one or more dynamic coils. Each of the at least one static field coil can be individually connected to one of the multiple dynamic coils to interact within the acoustic band of said dynamic coil. In this case, the static field coil can form a reference coil and can be understood in a mechanical sense as being static relative to the mechanical dynamic diaphragm.

[0039] At least one static field coil is preferably arranged in a plane. Preferably, when the diaphragm is flat, at least one static field coil is arranged parallel to the plane of the diaphragm. The spacing between these parallel planes is preferably smaller than the cross-section of the diaphragm. These preferred features further enhance magnetic interaction, thereby improving the fidelity of sound conversion.

[0040] The static field coils can be arranged in a rigid plane, or alternatively in a second diaphragm with the same or different stiffness compared to the diaphragm.

[0041] Preferably, the diaphragm and at least one static field coil are arranged in a chassis configured to restrict the movement of the at least one static field coil relative to the chassis. Therefore, the chassis restricts the movement of the electromagnetic field generated by the at least one static field coil in space. The diaphragm then moves within a spatially fixed electromagnetic field.

[0042] The chassis preferably comprises a 3D-printed structure. This further reduces the structural mass compared to prior art electroacoustic transducers, where the chassis typically consists of two metal rings and at least three connecting legs or ribs between the rings. Using 3D printing, more complex designs, such as triangular frames, can be created. Therefore, a rigid chassis can be produced while reducing material usage. The disclosed chassis can also be used in conventional electroacoustic transducers, such as cone-based loudspeakers.

[0043] In any of the disclosed embodiments, the diaphragm may be supported by a suspension configured to suspend the diaphragm. The suspension may mount the diaphragm via its periphery (preferably, the outer edge of the diaphragm).

[0044] When an electroacoustic transducer comprises both a chassis and a suspension, the chassis and suspension can be integrated into a single component. This further reduces the thickness and mass of the electroacoustic transducer and simplifies its structure. Note that in conventional electroacoustic transducers, the chassis must be rigid, while the suspension must be compliant or elastic. However, for the electroacoustic transducer according to the present invention, the suspension can also be rigid and therefore can be integrated with the chassis, since the diaphragm does not need to be rigid or elastically suspended.

[0045] The present invention also relates to loudspeakers, microphones, and electronic devices, each comprising an electroacoustic transducer according to the present invention. Attached Figure Description

[0046] The invention is further illustrated by the following figures, wherein:

[0047] Figure 1 A cross-section of a conventional electroacoustic transducer used for reference is schematically depicted;

[0048] Figure 2 An embodiment of the electroacoustic transducer according to the present invention is schematically depicted;

[0049] Figure 3 A perspective view schematically depicting an embodiment of an electroacoustic transducer with a flat diaphragm;

[0050] Figure 4A perspective view schematically depicting a preferred arrangement of a diaphragm and a static field coil;

[0051] Figure 5 It schematically depicts including Figure 3 Cross-section of the electronic equipment used in the arrangement of the electroacoustic transducer;

[0052] Figures 6 to 8 A schematic plan view of a diaphragm with various arrangements of multiple dynamic coils is depicted.

[0053] Figure 9 A side view of an embodiment of an electroacoustic transducer according to the present invention is schematically depicted, the electroacoustic transducer having a chassis according to the present disclosure;

[0054] Figure 10 A conventional electroacoustic transducer having a chassis according to this disclosure is schematically depicted;

[0055] Figure 11 The arrangement of two dynamic coils is schematically depicted, with one dynamic coil on each side of the diaphragm; and

[0056] Figure 12 and Figure 13 An embodiment of the suspension according to the present disclosure is illustrated schematically.

[0057] In the following detailed description of the accompanying drawings, the invention is illustrated in a coherent manner using a loudspeaker as an example. However, the invention should not be construed as being limited to this particular application of electroacoustic transducers, as the limitations of the invention are set only by the appended claims.

[0058] The following reference numerals are used:

[0059] 1. Electroacoustic transducer,

[0060] 2 diaphragms,

[0061] 2.1 Central area

[0062] 2.2 External Area

[0063] 3. Dynamic coils

[0064] 3.1 bass coil,

[0065] 3.2 Intermediate frequency coil,

[0066] 3.3 tweeter coil,

[0067] 4 input or output terminals,

[0068] 5. Static field magnets / coils

[0069] 6 chassis,

[0070] 7. Suspension

[0071] 7.1 Interior corner slit,

[0072] 7.2 External corner slits

[0073] 7.3 Radial slit,

[0074] 8 speakers

[0075] 9 microphones

[0076] 10 electronic devices,

[0077] 11 Controllers. Detailed Implementation

[0078] Figure 1 A conventional electroacoustic transducer, particularly a loudspeaker, is shown in cross-section through its central axis. The conventional electroacoustic transducer shown is circularly symmetrical about said axis. The conventional loudspeaker has a conical diaphragm 2 with an open end, which is suspended by a suspension 7, which in turn is connected to a chassis 6. A dynamic coil 3 is mechanically coupled to the diaphragm 2 at its center and magnetically coupled to a permanent static field magnet 5 through an opening arranged in the static field magnet 5. Electrical signals are supplied or received from the dynamic coil 3 by conventional means (not shown). An alternating electrical signal can be supplied to the dynamic coil 3 to generate an alternating magnetic field that interacts with the static field from the static field magnet 5 to convert the electrical signal into mechanical motion of the diaphragm 2, which generates an acoustic signal in the surrounding medium. Conversely, the mechanical motion of the diaphragm 2 as a result of the acoustic signal moves the dynamic coil 3 within the static field and induces an electrical signal in the dynamic coil 2.

[0079] Figure 2 An embodiment of an electroacoustic transducer 1 according to the invention is shown, the transducer 1 having a diaphragm 2 having a central region 2.1 and an outer region 2.2. A dynamic coil 3 is mechanically coupled to the diaphragm 2. The dynamic coil 3 is arranged on or within at least a portion of the outer region 2.2 of the diaphragm 2. The diaphragm 2 is illustrated as a cone with an open end, such as the diaphragm in a conventional loudspeaker, although the diaphragm 2 can have various forms or shapes, such as conical, hemispherical, spherical, planar, circular, elliptical, rectangular, lobed, and combinations thereof, each with or without an opening. Examples are given in this disclosure.

[0080] The function of the dynamic coil 3 is to move the diaphragm 2 by generating an alternating magnetic field according to a provided electrical signal. The mechanical coupling between the dynamic coil 3 and the diaphragm 2 causes the diaphragm 2 to vibrate, thereby generating sound waves. The dynamic coil 3 is composed of an electrical conductor in the form of wires. The number of rotations of the dynamic coil 3 depends on the material density of the diaphragm 2, the area of ​​the diaphragm 2, and the density of the electrical conductors.

[0081] Figure 2 The electroacoustic transducer 1 also includes a static field magnet 5, which can be a permanent magnet and / or an electromagnetic coil. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the static field magnet 5 is a static field coil 5. The static field magnet 5 can be arranged in different locations, such as within or around a conical diaphragm, resulting in a thinner structure. The illustrated electroacoustic transducer 1 also includes a chassis 6. However, the suspension 7 present in conventional electroacoustic transducers is redundant.

[0082] The function of the static field magnet or coil 5 is to generate a static magnetic field opposite to that of the dynamic coil 3. The static field coil 5 is composed of an electrical conductor in the form of a wire. The characteristics of the static field coil 5 can be the same as, or different from, those of the dynamic coil 3. It should also be noted that the dynamic coil 3 and / or the static field coil 5 can be composed of multiple parts to limit the inductance of the coils.

[0083] Figure 2 The electroacoustic transducer 1 is particularly suitable for use as a loudspeaker 8, but is not limited to this function. For example, it can also be used as a microphone 9. The example shown is intentionally presented in the form of a conventional loudspeaker to illustrate the implementation of the invention in an existing system. In this example, the conventional voice coil arranged within the opening of the static field magnet 5 is replaced by a dynamic coil 2 arranged on or within at least a portion of the outer region 2.2 of the replacement diaphragm 2.

[0084] When Figure 1 Electroacoustic transducers and Figure 2 When compared with an electroacoustic transducer 1, the advantages of the present invention become particularly apparent, both of which are functionally loudspeakers having an end-opening conical diaphragm 2, a dynamic coil 3, a static field magnet 5, and a chassis 6. The diaphragm 6 is driven by the movement of the dynamic coil 3. Figure 1 In the middle, the dynamic coil 3 is arranged in the central region of the diaphragm 2, while... Figure 2 In this configuration, the dynamic coil 3 is arranged on at least a portion of the outer region of the diaphragm 2. Because... Figure 2 The arrangement shown is the same as Figure 1 Compared to the central area of ​​a conventional loudspeaker, the dynamic coil 3 drives the diaphragm 2 on at least a portion of the outer area of ​​the diaphragm 2. Figure 1 In conventional loudspeakers, the dynamic coil is mounted around the smaller opening of the diaphragm 2. Figure 1 The diaphragm 2 needs to be rigid, damped, and low-mass to reliably propagate sound waves through it. Furthermore, a flexible suspension 7 is required. However, in Figure 2 In this design, the diaphragm 2 does not need to be rigid to transmit force throughout the cone for reliable sound production, and a flexible suspension 7 is not required. Therefore, this increases the flexibility in material selection, simplifies the structure, and improves the quality of sound production.

[0085] The same argument applies to the electroacoustic transducer 1 with microphone 9, where sound waves are collected rather than generated. The rigid diaphragm 2 is no longer needed, thus eliminating limitations on the design of the electroacoustic transducer 1.

[0086] Figure 3 Another embodiment of the electroacoustic transducer 1 is shown, wherein the diaphragm 2 is substantially flat. (As shown in the image) Figure 1 Compared to conventional electroacoustic transducers, the substantially flat diaphragm 2 reduces the thickness of the electroacoustic transducer 1. A static field magnet 5 is provided, which may be a permanent magnet and / or an electromagnet.

[0087] Figure 3 The electroacoustic transducer 1 is particularly suitable for use as a microphone 9, but is not limited to this function. For example, it can also be used as a speaker 8.

[0088] Figure 4 A circular, flat diaphragm 2 is shown, in which a dynamic coil 3 is integrated. The dynamic coil 3 is connected to an input or output terminal 4 and an electrical ground. A static field magnet 5 in the form of a static field coil 5 is arranged parallel to the diaphragm 2. The static field coil 5 is also connected to the input or output terminal 4 and an electrical ground. The static field coil 5 can advantageously be wound in a plane, for example, in... Figure 4 It can be wound in the spiral shown, and / or fixed in space.

[0089] Figure 4 The embodiment constitutes an advantageously improved electroacoustic transducer 1, comprising two coils 3, 5, namely a dynamic coil 3 and a static field coil 5, which are stacked with a small distance between them. The dynamic coil 3 is preferably integrated into the diaphragm 2 and thus mechanically coupled to the diaphragm 2. The dynamic coil 3 acts as a receiving coil or voice coil, while the static field coil 5 generates a static magnetic field. An audio electrical signal applied to the two coils 3, 5 via an input or output terminal 4 generates an interacting magnetic field, causing the two coils 3, 5 to attract or repel each other according to the applied electrical signal. The mechanical coupling between the dynamic coil 3 and the diaphragm 2 forces the diaphragm 2 to begin vibrating, and thus generates sound waves according to the applied electrical signal. The use of two flat coils 3, 5 results in a thinner electroacoustic transducer, which can be more easily integrated into a variety of other systems.

[0090] The above features are not limited to Figure 4 The illustrated embodiment. The electroacoustic transducer 1 in any embodiment of the invention preferably further includes at least one static field coil 5, which is configured to electromagnetically interact with the dynamic coil 3. In the case of employing multiple dynamic coils 3, an equal number of static field coils 5 are preferred. The multiple static field coils 5 are then preferably arranged in a manner similar to that of the multiple dynamic coils 3. Configurations having multiple dynamic coils 3 and / or multiple static field coils 5 will be referred to... Figures 6-8 To elaborate further.

[0091] At least one static field coil 5 is preferably wound near the diaphragm 2. When the diaphragm 2 is three-dimensional, the at least one static field coil 5 can be arranged parallel to the three-dimensional shape of the diaphragm 2. More preferably, the at least one static field coil 5 is arranged in a plane, especially when the diaphragm 2 is flat. The parallel arrangement of the diaphragm 2 and the at least one static field coil 5 is preferred, such as... Figure 4 As shown.

[0092] Figure 5 It shows that Figure 4 An example of an electroacoustic transducer 1 integrated in an electronic device 10 is shown. A side view of a cross-section is illustrated. The diaphragm 2 of the electronic transducer 1 is mounted here in a suspension 7. The suspension 7 suspends the diaphragm 2, for example, on the surface of the electronic device 10, to receive sound waves from and / or transmit sound waves to the environment outside the electronic device 10. A chassis 6 may be provided to fix the static field coil 5 in space. Alternatively, the chassis 6 and the suspension 7 may be integrated into a single component. The electronic device may also include a controller 11, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the controller 11 is connected to the electroacoustic transducer 1 via the input or output terminal 4 and is configured to provide electrical signals to or receive electrical signals from the dynamic coil 3 and the static field coil 5.

[0093] The electronic device 10 has the advantage of being completely sealed relative to the environment because the diaphragm of the electroacoustic transducer 1 installed in the electronic device 10 seals the opening in the electronic device 10 where the electroacoustic transducer 1 is installed. This contrasts with conventional electroacoustic transducers, which maintain a connection between the external and internal environments of the electronic device. Examples of these are microphones and speakers in mobile devices. This has the negative consequences of the electronic device and / or its electroacoustic transducer becoming dirty, malfunctioning, or blocked. The electronic device 10 with the electroacoustic transducer 1 according to the invention is better sealed and can even be waterproof and / or gas-proof.

[0094] Furthermore, the electronic device 10 can be made smaller because the electroacoustic transducer 1 according to the present invention is thinner than a conventional electroacoustic transducer, and therefore requires less space.

[0095] Finally, the electroacoustic transducer 1 according to the invention can be used as a microphone 9 and / or a speaker 8, and can be switched between these functions separately (e.g., via a controller 11), so that separate microphones 9 and separate speakers 8 are not required, and a single electroacoustic transducer 1 can be used to perform both functions.

[0096] Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8A plan view of a diaphragm 2 with multiple dynamic coils 3 is shown. The multiple dynamic coils 3 are arranged on or within the diaphragm 2. Each dynamic coil 3 is preferably associated with an acoustic frequency band. This can be achieved, for example, by providing or receiving electrical signals to or from each dynamic coil 3 separately. Each of the multiple dynamic coils 3 can be electrically connected to an input or output terminal 4. Therefore, the multiple dynamic coils 3 can reliably cover a selected acoustic spectrum together.

[0097] With multiple dynamic coils 3 on or within a single diaphragm 2, the electroacoustic transducer 1 according to the invention can cover a wider frequency range. Furthermore, the combination of multiple electroacoustic transducers as in the conventional case can be avoided, and the single electroacoustic transducer 1 according to the invention can be used to cover similar frequency bands with a single device.

[0098] exist Figure 6 The diagram shows a circular diaphragm 6 with three dynamic coils 3, labeled 3.1, 3.2, and 3.3. The coils 3.1, 3.2, and 3.3 are arranged concentrically and each is electrically connected to a separate input or output terminal 4, labeled 4.1, 4.2, and 4.3, corresponding to their respective coils 3.1, 3.2, and 3.3. In the example shown, dynamic coil 3.1 may be a woofer 3.1, dynamic coil 3.2 may be a mid-frequency coil 3.2, and dynamic coil 3.3 may be a tweeter 3.3, such that the woofer 3.1, mid-frequency coil 3.2, and tweeter 3.3 are arranged in order of frequency band, with the tweeter 3.3 of the highest frequency band positioned closest to or at the center of the diaphragm 2. As shown, the dynamic coils 3 are arranged on the diaphragm 2 with radial offset or spacing relative to each other.

[0099] As a loudspeaker, each input terminal 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 receives its own audio supply and filters out higher frequency signals from that supply according to the frequency band of each of the multiple dynamic coils 3.1, 3.2, 3.3. For the woofer 3.3, input terminal 4.3 provides a lower frequency to the mid-frequency coil 3.2 than input terminal 4.2. Conversely, input terminal 4.2 provides a lower frequency to the mid-frequency coil 3.2 than input terminal 4.1 provides to the tweeter 3.1. Therefore, the larger the dynamic coils 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, the lower the frequency band supplied to them. Although this arrangement is preferred, other orders and two or four or more dynamic coils 3 are also possible.

[0100] The advantage of dividing the dynamic coil 3 into multiple sections is that the center of the diaphragm 2 vibrates at frequencies throughout the entire sound spectrum, while the outer part of the diaphragm 2 vibrates at lower frequencies. The frequencies generated by the different sections are limited by the wavelength of the sound wave and the size of the diaphragm 2, in this case, the diameter of the circular diaphragm 2. When the wavelength is smaller than the diameter, the wave begins to propagate across the surface of the diaphragm 2. This results in defective sound. The number of sections and their corresponding diameters can be determined based on wavelengths of different octave bands. This produces a full-range loudspeaker 8 with reliable sound production.

[0101] Although the above advantages are Figure 6 While the speaker 8 is explained in the text, in the microphone 9, the dynamic coil 5 is divided into multiple dynamic coils 5, each associated with an audio band, which can also achieve similar advantages.

[0102] Figure 7 An alternative arrangement of multiple dynamic coils 5 in the rectangular diaphragm 2 is shown. Here, a single bass coil 3.1, two mid-frequency coils 3.2, and a single tweeter 3.3 are shown. In any embodiment of the invention, multiple dynamic coils 5 can be arranged to cover the same or similar frequency bands. For clarity, the input or output terminals 4 are omitted in the figure.

[0103] Figure 8 An alternative arrangement of multiple dynamic coils 3 in the lobe-shaped diaphragm 2 is shown. The bass coil 3.1 is arranged above or in the middle of the largest lobe of the diaphragm 2, the mid-frequency coil 3.2 is arranged in the middle lobe of the diaphragm 2, and the tweeter coil 3.3 is arranged in the smallest lobe of the diaphragm 2. Preferably, the diaphragm 2 is fixed around its outer periphery within a suspension 7 and / or a chassis 6. For clarity, input or output terminals 4 are omitted from the figure.

[0104] In the above text, the diaphragm 2, which has a dynamic coil 3, is used for... Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 The discussion was conducted. However, these figures also involve the arrangement of multiple static field coils 5, which can be combined with corresponding diaphragms 2 and multiple dynamic coils 3 to achieve, for example, Figure 4 and Figure 5 A consistent and advantageous electroacoustic transducer 1. For example, Figure 8 A diaphragm with three dynamic coils 3 can be combined with three static field coils 5, which are arranged in the same manner as the three dynamic coils 3, wherein each static field coil 5 is configured to magnetically interact with a corresponding dynamic coil 3.

[0105] Figure 9An electroacoustic transducer 1 with a chassis 6 according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown in a side view. The chassis 6 is configured to restrict movement of at least one static field coil 5 relative to the chassis 6. The chassis 6 may further hold the diaphragm 5, optionally via a suspension 7 configured to suspend the diaphragm 2. Figure 9 In this diagram, for clarity, the suspension 7 is shown separately, but it can also be integrated into the chassis 6, preferably as a single component. For example, the suspension 7 and chassis 6 can be milled from a solid metal part, or they can be jointly manufactured by 3D printing.

[0106] In a preferred embodiment of chassis 6, chassis 6 includes a 3D-printed structure. Alternatively or additionally, chassis 6 includes a triangular structure. These provide strength to chassis 6 and fix at least one static field coil 5 relative to chassis 6, thereby allowing at least one static field coil 5 to provide a static field in which the diaphragm 2 can vibrate freely to achieve reliable electroacoustic conversion. Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the 3D printed structure defines the ribs of the chassis 6 that support the diaphragm 2 relative to at least one static field coil 5.

[0107] Figure 10 A conventional electroacoustic transducer with a chassis 6 according to the invention is shown. The chassis 6, shown in the side view, is mounted here. Figure 1 The components of a conventional loudspeaker are shown in cross-section to indicate their positions within the chassis 6. The chassis 6 maintains a static field due to the fixed position of the permanent static field magnet 5 in space. Therefore, it can be understood that the chassis 6 can be used with both the electroacoustic transducer 1 according to the invention and conventional electroacoustic transducers.

[0108] Since the chassis 6 according to the invention can be 3D printed, and preferably has a triangular structure, the chassis 6 has a relatively simple and rigid design. Even more complex designs are possible. Compared with chassis of the prior art, this makes it possible to produce a more rigid chassis using less material. In the prior art, chassis typically consist of two metal rings stacked together with a certain distance between them. These rings are connected by three metal beams, with a spacing of 120 degrees between each beam.

[0109] Figure 11An advantageous arrangement of two dynamic coils 3 on or within the diaphragm 2 is shown. As shown here, the first dynamic coil 3 is arranged on or in the upper side of the diaphragm 2, and the second dynamic coil 3 is arranged on or in the lower side of the diaphragm 2 opposite to the upper side. (For clarity, the two dynamic coils 3 are shown with exaggerated mutual spacing.) Arranging the dynamic coils 3 in this way increases the contact between the dynamic coils 3 and the diaphragm 2, thereby improving the fidelity and lifespan of the electroacoustic transducer 1. The two dynamic coils 3 are interconnected through or across the diaphragm 2, for example, by electrical contacts arranged through or penetrating the diaphragm 2. The input or output terminals 4 and the electrical ground can now be arranged on the outer periphery of the diaphragm 2 without overlapping with the windings of the dynamic coils 3 (this is...). Figure 3 and Figure 6 (The situation in the middle). This reduces distortion in the magnetic field, thereby further improving the fidelity of transducer 1. Furthermore, when viewed from one side of diaphragm 2, the two dynamic coils 3 can be wound in the same direction (e.g., clockwise or counterclockwise). In this arrangement, each dynamic coil 3 reinforces the magnetic field of the other (or becomes sensitive to external magnetic fields) in a similar manner. Alternatively or additionally, the two dynamic coils 3 can be arranged in parallel planes and / or configured to follow spatially offset but identical paths. This further improves the sensitivity of the electroacoustic transducer 1 through the combined electromagnetic interaction of the two dynamic coils 3.

[0110] like Figure 11 As shown, the first and second dynamic coils 3 are arranged offset relative to each other along the thickness of the diaphragm. This offset can be used in place of a radial offset between the two dynamic coils 3, or as a supplement to this offset. The two dynamic coils 3 are electrically connected through or across the diaphragm 2 and can be configured to receive the same electroacoustic signal from a joint input or output terminal 4 arranged on the outer periphery of the diaphragm 2. In this arrangement, leads extending on the diaphragm or fixed terminals in the potentially effective area of ​​the diaphragm are avoided, thereby further improving the fidelity and power transmission of the electroacoustic transducer.

[0111] although Figure 11 Two dynamic coils 3 are shown, but this arrangement can be applied to multiple pairs of dynamic coils 3, for example... Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown. The contacts of each pair of dynamic coils 3 penetrating the diaphragm 2 can also be radially offset instead of centrally arranged. The dynamic coils 3 and / or leads for their input or output terminals 4 or electrical grounding can be embedded in the diaphragm 2 at different depths.

[0112] Figure 12 and Figure 13 An advantageous suspension 7 for the diaphragm 2 is shown. The suspension is configured to improve the sound insulation between the diaphragm 2 and the attached structure. Figure 12As shown, the structure of the suspension 7 can be provided by providing a slit in the diaphragm 2. The suspension 7 can therefore be integral with the diaphragm 2. Alternatively, the suspension 7 of the illustrated embodiment can be provided as a separate component. The slit is configured to reduce the transmission of mechanical vibrations through the suspension 7 by defining a tortuous path between the internally coupled components and the externally coupled components (e.g., the diaphragm 2 and the chassis 6) of the suspension 7.

[0113] like Figure 12 and Figure 13 As shown, the suspension 7 includes an inner angle slit 7.1, an outer angle slit 7.2, and a radial slit 7.3. Here, the terms "angle" and "radial" refer to directions relative to the center of the plane or space (e.g., diaphragm 2) enclosed by the suspension 7. The inner angle slit 7.1 and the outer angle slit 7.2 partially overlap in the angular direction but are spaced apart in the radial direction. The radial slit 7.3 connects to the inner angle slit 7.1 and preferably protrudes toward the radial dimension corresponding to the outer angle slit 7.3, and may protrude to a position between the two outer angle slits 7.3. Although the angle slits 7.1 and 7.2 are shown as concentric circular segments, other shapes are possible, such as elliptical, linear, and angular forms. The radial slit 7.3 can also be implemented using an angular component. Therefore, various alternative arrangements of the slits 7.1, 7.2, and 7.3 are possible.

[0114] therefore, Figure 12 and Figure 13 The suspension 7 provides mechanical integrity while improving sound insulation between the plane or space enclosed by the suspension 7 (e.g., diaphragm 2) and adjacent structures (e.g., chassis 6 or electronic device 10). Slits 7.1, 7.2, and 7.3 can thus define the suspension 7, and the diaphragm 2 can in turn be defined by the suspension 7. For example, the suspension 7 can be positioned in a flat object, such as the surface of the electronic device 10, and define the diaphragm 2 as the portion surrounded by the suspension 7, for example, as... Figure 13 As shown. The slit structure defining the suspension 7 can therefore be used with known electroacoustic transducers as well as the electroacoustic transducer 1 according to the invention.

[0115] In any embodiment of the invention, the diaphragm 2 is preferably elastic in the acoustic band associated with the plurality of dynamic coils 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, or at least in the band of the dynamic coil 3 when only one dynamic coil 3 is present. Additionally or alternatively, the diaphragm 2 comprises at least one material from a group of materials including rubber-like materials, rubber, silicone resin, polyimide, polyamide, preferably carbon and / or glass fiber reinforced polyester resin, and polycarbonate. Materials from this group have sufficient flexibility to accommodate localized deformation due to impact sound waves and / or due to the actuation of one or more dynamic coils 3. Additionally or alternatively, the diaphragm 2 is made of a non-rigid material, preferably having a Young's modulus between 0.1 GPa and 2.4 GPa. In tests of electroacoustic transducers according to embodiments of the invention, these materials and this range have been found to provide efficient conversion of electrical signals to acoustic signals.

[0116] The loudspeaker 8 may include the electroacoustic transducer 1 according to the invention. In the accompanying drawings, particularly... Figure 2 An example is shown. When the loudspeaker 8 includes the electroacoustic transducer 1 according to the invention, the dynamic coil 3 is configured as a voice coil to receive electrical signals and is configured to convert the electrical signals into acoustic signals upon electromagnetic interaction with the static field magnet 5. The static field magnet 5 may be a permanent magnet or an electromagnet, such as the static field coil 5 of the preferred embodiment of the disclosed electroacoustic transducer 1.

[0117] Microphone 9 may include the electroacoustic transducer 1 according to the invention. In the accompanying drawings, particularly... Figure 3 An example is shown. When the microphone 9 includes the electroacoustic transducer 1 according to the invention, the dynamic coil 3 is configured to receive acoustic signals and convert the acoustic signals into electrical signals upon electromagnetic interaction with the static field magnet 5. The static field magnet 5 may be a permanent magnet or an electromagnet, such as the static field coil 5 of the preferred embodiment of the disclosed electroacoustic transducer.

[0118] Electronic device 10 may include an electroacoustic transducer 1 according to the invention. In the accompanying drawings, particularly... Figure 5 Examples are shown. When the electronic device 10 includes the electroacoustic transducer 1 according to the invention, the electroacoustic transducer 1 can be configured to act as a loudspeaker 8 and / or a microphone 9 in different or similar frequency bands. In a preferred embodiment, the diaphragm 2 is flat and without holes, thus providing the electroacoustic transducer 1 which can advantageously seal an opening in the electronic device 10 arranged to receive the electroacoustic transducer 1.

[0119] Although various features of the invention have been described and illustrated in separate figures, it will be understood that these features can be combined to obtain advantageous embodiments of the invention. For example, in any embodiment of the invention, the chassis may be provided with a static field magnet 5 and / or the static field magnet 5 may be at least one static field coil 5. Furthermore, dynamic coils 3 or more dynamic coils 3, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 may each be electrically connected or connected to input or output terminals 4, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3. This disclosure is not limited to the configuration shown, and the scope of protection is defined only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An electroacoustic transducer, comprising: Chassis; A flat diaphragm; A dynamic coil, which is mechanically coupled to the diaphragm and is disposed on or in at least a portion of the diaphragm, the dynamic coil being wound along at least a portion of the diaphragm; An additional dynamic coil is arranged on or in the diaphragm, the additional dynamic coil being separated from the dynamic coil along the thickness of the diaphragm, and the additional dynamic coil and the dynamic coil being connected in series through the gap between them, and when viewed from the diaphragm side, the winding direction of the additional dynamic coil is the same as that of the dynamic coil; A static field coil or magnet is arranged relative to the dynamic coil to interact with the dynamic coil. The static field coil or magnet is arranged in a plane parallel to the plane of the diaphragm. The diaphragm and the static field coil or magnet are arranged in the chassis to restrict the movement of the static field coil or magnet relative to the chassis. and A suspension configured to suspend the diaphragm, the suspension being formed by slits surrounding the dynamic coil above or in the diaphragm.

2. The electroacoustic transducer according to claim 1, wherein, The dynamic coil is electrically connected to the input or output terminal.

3. The electroacoustic transducer according to claim 2, wherein, The additional dynamic coil is electrically connected to the same input or output terminal.

4. The electroacoustic transducer according to claim 3, wherein, The additional dynamic coil is electrically connected to the same input or output terminal via the dynamic coil.

5. The electroacoustic transducer according to claim 3 or 4, wherein, The dynamic coil and the additional dynamic coil are electrically connected to each other via the diaphragm and are configured to receive the same electroacoustic signal from a joint input or output terminal arranged on the outer periphery of the diaphragm.

6. The electroacoustic transducer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The dynamic coil and the additional dynamic coil are electrically connected to separate input or output terminals.

7. The electroacoustic transducer according to claim 6, wherein, The dynamic coil and the additional dynamic coil are each associated with their own audio frequency band.

8. The electroacoustic transducer according to claim 6, wherein, The additional dynamic coil is associated with a higher audio frequency band compared to the dynamic coil.

9. The electroacoustic transducer according to claim 1, wherein, The dynamic coil and the additional dynamic coil are concentrically arranged on or in the diaphragm and are wound around the diaphragm at intervals.

10. The electroacoustic transducer according to claim 1, wherein, The additional dynamic coil is radially offset from the dynamic coil along the diaphragm.

11. The electroacoustic transducer according to claim 1, wherein, The diaphragm is elastic in the audio frequency band associated with the dynamic coil and the additional dynamic coil.

12. The electroacoustic transducer according to claim 1 further includes a static field coil wound around the diaphragm.

13. The electroacoustic transducer according to claim 12, wherein, The static field coil and the dynamic coil are electrically connected to the same input or output terminal.

14. A diaphragm for an electroacoustic transducer, wherein, The diaphragm is flat and comprises: A dynamic coil, mechanically coupled to the diaphragm and disposed on or within at least a portion of the diaphragm, the dynamic coil being wound along at least a portion of the diaphragm; and An additional dynamic coil is disposed on or within the diaphragm, the additional dynamic coil being separated from the dynamic coil along the thickness of the diaphragm, and the additional dynamic coil and the dynamic coil being connected in series through the gap between them, and when viewed from the diaphragm side, the winding direction of the additional dynamic coil is the same as that of the dynamic coil.

15. The diaphragm according to claim 14, wherein: The diaphragm has a central region and an outer region; The dynamic coil is arranged on or within at least a portion of the outer region of the diaphragm; and The additional dynamic coil is arranged above or in at least the central region of the diaphragm.

Images