System and method for modular construction

Abstract

A connection assembly for a modular construction includes an upper junction connector coupled to an upper end of a column. The upper junction connector includes an upper end having a planar upper surface, a recessed surface, and at least one connector sidewall extending between the upper surface and the recessed surface. The recessed surface and the at least one connector sidewall define a continuous recessed area in the upper end that extends to second, third, and fourth edges of the upper end of the connector. A slot extends through the upper end near an inner surface of a column sidewall. A transverse hole extends through the first column sidewall, near and in alignment with the slot.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure generally relates to systems and methods for modular construction, and more specifically to systems and methods for creating liftable self-supporting and non-self-supporting structural modular units, for lifting structural modular units, and for combining adjacent structural modular units to form a building. Background Technology

[0002] Residential, commercial, and / or industrial buildings can be constructed using modular frames made of metal (e.g., steel). Typically, modular frames include interconnecting details that allow for on-site assembly of prefabricated modules (e.g., prefabricated in a factory off-site) to form some or all of the building's frame. Modular frames are typically designed to meet building construction rules and standards, be non-combustible and corrosion-resistant, and resist wind loads, seismic loads, residential loads, and loads from building systems such as cladding, elevators, etc.

[0003] In some cases, the modular frame can be assembled on-site and then assembled into the final structure. In other cases, before being assembled into the building structure (e.g., off-site), the prefabricated modular frame may be fitted with one or more of the following: an interior floor; one or more interior partitions; a ceiling; a fire-resistant layer; thermal insulation; mechanical, piping, communication and / or electrical systems; and an external cladding.

[0004] It is known that structural steel (such as I-beams, channel steel, angle steel, square steel, rectangular hollow steel, etc.) is used as the main load-bearing element of the volumetric modular frame. This is achieved by directly joining appropriate components to each other and / or to prefabricated joints using mechanical fasteners, welding or other suitable methods.

[0005] It is also known that roll-formed and / or bent-formed lightweight steel can be used for vertical, diagonal, and horizontal load-bearing elements of buildings. These elements can be joined together (e.g., in a factory or other off-site location) to form prefabricated panels. Such prefabricated panels can be transported to the site and assembled using threaded fasteners, rivets, etc., to form part of the building frame, which can be driven through the lightweight steel or through welded or otherwise fastened to the joints of the lightweight steel.

[0006] It is also known that roll-formed and / or bent-formed lightweight steel can be assembled in a factory setting to produce a frame with liftable modules, which can be assembled in the factory and connected to other modules on site to produce a building with one or more floors. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The following preface is provided to introduce the reader to the more detailed discussion that follows. This preface is not intended to limit or restrict any claimed or unclaimed invention. One or more inventions may lie in any combination or sub-combination of the elements or process steps disclosed in any part of this document (including its claims and drawings).

[0008] The systems and methods disclosed herein can help provide a system for manufacturing components of self-supporting or externally supported bulk modular frames, primarily through the use of lightweight, bent and / or rolled open-section steel, and can also facilitate the connection of lightweight steel beams and columns to bent plates, resulting in relatively strong bending-resistant connections (which may be referred to herein as 'high stability' connections). Such systems and methods can have one or more advantages.

[0009] For example, using a light steel frame can produce a lighter and easier-to-assemble structure compared to a corresponding structure made of structural steel. However, because mechanical fasteners cannot withstand large point loads, and / or because the components used in a light steel frame are relatively thin, it is difficult to fasten these components to each other to create bending-resistant or highly stable connections. Therefore, it is difficult to install and raise or lower a modular frame made of this type of structure without damage from excessive deformation or fastener shearing, especially when raising or lowering is achieved through a connection to the top surface of the modular frame (e.g., without the use of support slings under the module). Typically, such slings hinder efficient and rapid building assembly.

[0010] The systems and methods disclosed in this paper can also provide more secure connections between volumetric modular frames in both vertical and horizontal directions.

[0011] The systems and methods disclosed herein can also provide a more secure connection, namely, a distributed or 'flush' connection between vertically adjacent volumetric module frames during assembly, or alternatively, a more secure local or 'point-load' connection during assembly, which provides vertical spacing between vertically adjacent volumetric module frames.

[0012] The systems and methods disclosed herein can also provide a volumetric modular frame without upwardly projecting members. This can have one or more advantages. For example, features that project upwards from the top surface of the module can pose safety hazards, such as the risk of workers tripping. These features can also hinder the protection of unfinished buildings from rainwater, for example, by impeding the use of tarpaulins for this purpose. These features can also make it difficult to place insulation and / or a roof on the top surface of a completed building.

[0013] The system disclosed herein can be provided as a precision-manufactured "kit," which requires only relatively simple fixing devices and fasteners for assembly in a modular workshop. For example, one or more component parts can be compact and economically transportable to modular production facilities. Providing such a "kit" can have one or more advantages.

[0014] For example, assembling modular frames by welding structural columns and beams together is generally considered a process susceptible to thermal deformation and placement inaccuracies, and requires a large skilled workforce. Therefore, such processes necessitate significant investments in expensive and / or complex fixtures, robotic equipment, and programming designs to position and hold materials during the welding process.

[0015] As another example, transporting assembled bulky frames is generally considered inefficient because, for example, the frame has a low value relative to the transportation cost, and this inefficiency is exacerbated by increased transportation distances.

[0016] The systems and methods disclosed herein can also facilitate the connection of various services (e.g., water, electricity, communications, etc.) between adjacent modules by reducing on-site labor time and / or the required skill level. This can be considered advantageous because the work of connecting building systems (such as electricity, communications, and piping) contained within a module to both the adjacent module and the basic building system is characterized as time-consuming and / or requires specialized labor that may be more difficult to obtain and provide in certain jurisdictional workplaces.

[0017] The systems and methods disclosed in this paper can also facilitate the connection between the volumetric modular frame and the truck base, which will help transport the assembled modular frame to the construction site.

[0018] The systems and methods disclosed herein can also provide a connection between the top surface of a modular frame and a lifting frame, which can help position the modular frame above another modular frame during building assembly.

[0019] The systems and methods disclosed herein can also aid in the orientation of modular frames as they are lifted into place during building assembly, which can have one or more advantages. For example, this allows for more efficient use of heavy-duty cranes used for assembling modular buildings. It can also facilitate the proper alignment and connection of the lifting system with the modules arriving at the construction site, and / or contribute to the correct orientation of the modules during the erection of the building structure. The connection of modules to each other and / or the disconnection of modules from the lifting system typically requires numerous workers who may be exposed to risks such as crush injuries, slip and fall injuries, and working at heights.

[0020] Those skilled in the art will understand that the methods or apparatus disclosed herein may embody any one or more of the features contained herein, and may use these features in any particular combination or sub-combination.

[0021] These aspects and features, as well as other aspects and features, of the different embodiments will be described in more detail below. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To better understand the described embodiments and to more clearly illustrate how these embodiments can be implemented, the description will now be illustrated by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0023] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of an upper connector attached to the upper end of a column according to one embodiment;

[0024] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Another perspective view of the upper connector and the end of the column;

[0025] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Another perspective view of the upper connector and the end of the column;

[0026] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 Another perspective view of the upper connector and the end of the column;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a perspective view of a lower connector attached to the lower end of a column according to one embodiment;

[0028] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Another perspective view of the lower connector and the end of the column;

[0029] Figure 7 yes Figure 5 Another perspective view of the lower connector and the end of the column;

[0030] Figure 8 yes Figure 5 Another perspective view of the lower connector and the end of the column;

[0031] Figure 9 This is a perspective view of a lower connector attached to the lower end of a column according to another embodiment;

[0032] Figure 10 yes Figure 9 Another perspective view of the lower connector and the end of the column;

[0033] Figure 11 This is a perspective view of a lower connector attached to the lower end of a column according to another embodiment;

[0034] Figure 12 yes Figure 11 Another perspective view of the lower connector and the end of the column;

[0035] Figure 13 This is a perspective view of an upper connector that is connected to the upper end of a column, to a first horizontal structural member, and to a second horizontal structural member according to one embodiment.

[0036] Figure 14 yes Figure 13 Another perspective view of the upper connector, column end and horizontal structural components;

[0037] Figure 15 yes Figure 13 Another perspective view of the upper connector, column end and horizontal structural components;

[0038] Figure 16 This is a perspective view of a lower connector that is connected to the lower end of a column, to a first horizontal structural member, and to a second horizontal structural member according to one embodiment.

[0039] Figure 17 yes Figure 16 Another perspective view of the lower connector, column end and horizontal structural components;

[0040] Figure 18 yes Figure 16 Another perspective view of the lower connector, column end and horizontal structural components;

[0041] Figure 19 yes Figure 16 Another perspective view of the lower connector, column end and horizontal structural components;

[0042] Figure 20 This is a perspective view of a column according to one embodiment, the column having an upper connector and a lower connector connected to the ends of the column, and having a horizontal structural member connected to these connectors;

[0043] Figure 21 yes Figure 20 A perspective view of the column, joint connectors, and horizontal structural components, in which the center of the column is omitted for clarity;

[0044] Figure 22 yes Figure 21 Another perspective view of the columns, joint connectors, and horizontal structural components;

[0045] Figure 23This is a perspective view of a column according to another embodiment, the column having an upper connector and a lower connector connected to the ends of the column, and having a horizontal structural member connected to these connectors;

[0046] Figure 24 According to one embodiment Figure 20 A three-dimensional view of the column, joint connectors, and horizontal structural components, wherein the center of the column is filled with cementitious material;

[0047] Figure 25 This is an exploded view of the connection between the upper connector and the lower connector according to one embodiment;

[0048] Figure 26 yes Figure 25 Another exploded view of the connection between the upper connector and the lower connector;

[0049] Figure 27 yes Figure 25 A three-dimensional view of the connection between the upper connector and the lower connector;

[0050] Figure 28 yes Figure 25 Another perspective view of the connection between the upper connector and the lower connector;

[0051] Figure 29 yes Figure 25 The connection between the upper connector and the lower connector and Figure 25 An exploded view of the connection between the upper connector and the lower connector and the horizontal structural member;

[0052] Figure 30 yes Figure 25 A top cross-sectional view of the connection between the upper connector and the lower connector;

[0053] Figure 31 Is Figure 30 The section intercepted along line 31-31 Figure 30 Cross-sectional views of the upper connector, column ends, and horizontal structural components;

[0054] Figure 32 Is Figure 30 The section intercepted along line 32-32 Figure 10 Cross-sectional views of the upper connector, column ends, and horizontal structural components;

[0055] Figure 33 This is an exploded view of the connection between the upper connector and the lower connector according to another embodiment;

[0056] Figure 34 yes Figure 33A top plan view of the connection between the upper connector and the lower connector;

[0057] Figure 35 Is Figure 34 The section intercepted along line 35-35 Figure 34 Cross-sectional views of the upper connector, column ends, and horizontal structural components;

[0058] Figure 36 Is Figure 34 The section intercepted along line 36-36 Figure 34 Cross-sectional views of the upper connector, column ends, and horizontal structural components;

[0059] Figure 37 This is an exploded view of the connection between the upper connector and the lower connector according to one embodiment, which includes a cover member, a plurality of lateral connecting members and a plurality of partitions;

[0060] Figure 38 This is a perspective view of a connection between two adjacent connectors achieved by using a lateral connecting member according to one embodiment, wherein a portion of the connector is shown as semi-transparent.

[0061] Figure 39 This is a perspective view of a connection between two adjacent connectors achieved by using a lateral connecting member and a partition according to one embodiment, wherein portions of the connector and the partition are shown as semi-transparent.

[0062] Figure 40 This is a perspective view of a connection between three adjacent connectors achieved by using a lateral connecting member according to one embodiment, wherein portions of the connectors are shown as semi-transparent.

[0063] Figure 41 This is a perspective view of a connection between three adjacent connectors achieved by using lateral connecting members and partitions according to one embodiment, wherein portions of the connectors and partitions are shown as semi-transparent.

[0064] Figure 42 This is a perspective view of a connection between four adjacent connectors achieved by using a lateral connecting member according to one embodiment, wherein portions of the connectors are shown as semi-transparent.

[0065] Figure 43 This is a perspective view of a connection between four adjacent connectors achieved by using lateral connecting members and partitions according to one embodiment, wherein portions of the connectors and partitions are shown as semi-transparent.

[0066] Figure 44This is an exploded view of the connection between the upper connector and the lower connector according to another embodiment, which has multiple lateral connecting members and multiple partitions.

[0067] Figure 45 yes Figure 44 Another exploded view of the connection between the upper connector and the lower connector, and between the multiple lateral connecting components and the multiple partitions;

[0068] Figure 46 This is an exploded view of the connection between the upper connector and the lower connector according to another embodiment;

[0069] Figure 47 yes Figure 46 Another exploded view of the connection between the upper connector and the lower connector;

[0070] Figure 48 This is a perspective view of the connection between the upper connector and the lower connector according to another embodiment;

[0071] Figure 49 yes Figure 48 The connection between the upper connector and the lower connector and Figure 48 An exploded view of the connection between the upper connector and the lower connector and the horizontal structural member;

[0072] Figure 50 This is a perspective view of the connection between the upper connector and the lower connector according to another embodiment;

[0073] Figure 51 yes Figure 50 The connection between the upper connector and the lower connector and Figure 50 An exploded view of the connection between the upper connector and the lower connector and the horizontal structural member;

[0074] Figure 52 This is an exploded view of the connection between the upper connector and the lower connector, and the connection between the upper connector, the lower connector, and the horizontal structural member, according to one embodiment.

[0075] Figure 53 This is a perspective view of the connection between the upper connector and the lower connector according to another embodiment;

[0076] Figure 54 yes Figure 53 The connection between the upper connector and the lower connector and Figure 53 An exploded view of the connection between the upper connector and the lower connector and the horizontal structural member;

[0077] Figure 55 yes Figure 53 A three-dimensional view of the connection between the upper connector and the lower connector;

[0078] Figure 56 yes Figure 53 A side front view of the connection between the upper connector and the lower connector;

[0079] Figure 57 This is a side front view of the connection between the upper connector and the lower connector according to another embodiment;

[0080] Figure 58 yes Figure 57 Exploded side front view of the connection between the upper connector and the lower connector;

[0081] Figure 59 yes Figure 57 An exploded perspective view of the connection between the upper connector and the lower connector;

[0082] Figure 60 yes Figure 57 Another exploded perspective view of the connection between the upper connector and the lower connector;

[0083] Figure 61 yes Figure 57 Another exploded perspective view of the connection between the upper connector and the lower connector;

[0084] Figure 62 This is a side front view of the connection between the upper connector and the lower connector according to another embodiment;

[0085] Figure 63 This is a perspective view of the connection between adjacent lower connector members according to another embodiment;

[0086] Figure 64 yes Figure 63 A top plan view of the connection between adjacent lower connectors;

[0087] Figure 65 yes Figure 63 A side front view of the connection between adjacent lower connectors;

[0088] Figure 66 This is a perspective view of the upper connector according to another embodiment;

[0089] Figure 67 yes Figure 66 Another perspective view of the upper connector;

[0090] Figure 68 yes Figure 66 Another perspective view of the upper connector;

[0091] Figure 69 yes Figure 66 Another perspective view of the upper connector;

[0092] Figure 70 It is connected to the upper end of the column. Figure 66 A three-dimensional view of the upper connector;

[0093] Figure 71 This is an exploded view of the connection between the horizontal structural member and the end of the support beam according to one embodiment;

[0094] Figure 72 yes Figure 71 Another exploded view of the connection between the horizontal structural member and the end of the beam;

[0095] Figure 73 yes Figure 71 A side front view of the connection between the horizontal structural member and the end of the joist;

[0096] Figure 74 yes Figure 73 A magnified view of a portion;

[0097] Figure 75 Is Figure 73 The section intercepted along line 75-75 Figure 73 A cross-sectional view of the connection between the horizontal structural member and the end of the supporting beam;

[0098] Figure 76 This is an exploded view of the connection between the horizontal structural member and the end of the support beam according to another embodiment;

[0099] Figure 77 yes Figure 76 Another exploded view of the connection between the horizontal structural members and the ends of the supporting beams;

[0100] Figure 78 yes Figure 76 A side front view of the connection between the horizontal structural member and the end of the beam;

[0101] Figure 79 yes Figure 78 A magnified view of a portion;

[0102] Figure 80 Is Figure 78 The section intercepted along line 80-80 Figure 78 A cross-sectional view of the connection between the horizontal structural member and the end of the supporting beam;

[0103] Figure 81 This is a perspective view of a volumetric module frame according to one embodiment;

[0104] Figure 82This is a perspective view of the wall frame of a volume module according to one embodiment;

[0105] Figure 83 yes Figure 82 A magnified view of a portion;

[0106] Figure 84 This is a perspective view of a volumetric module frame according to another embodiment;

[0107] Figure 85 yes Figure 84 A side front view of the volumetric module frame;

[0108] Figure 86 yes Figure 84 The end front view of the volumetric module frame;

[0109] Figure 87 yes Figure 84 An exploded view of the volumetric modular framework;

[0110] Figure 88 It is a perspective view of a frame of multiple volumetric modules connected to each other to form a building structure according to one embodiment;

[0111] Figure 89 It is an example of interconnecting with each other to form a building structure. Figure 84 A three-dimensional view of the multi-volume module framework;

[0112] Figure 90 yes Figure 89 A side front view of the building structure;

[0113] Figure 91 yes Figure 90 A top view of the building structure;

[0114] Figure 92 yes Figure 90 A front view of the other side of the building structure;

[0115] Figure 93 Is Figure 93 The section intercepted along line 93-93 Figure 90 A cross-sectional view of the building structure;

[0116] Figure 94 This is a perspective view of a lateral extension member according to one embodiment;

[0117] Figure 95 yes Figure 94 Another perspective view of the lateral extension member;

[0118] Figure 96 This is a perspective view of a connection between two adjacent connectors achieved by using a lateral extension member according to one embodiment.

[0119] Figure 97 This is a perspective view of the door frame of a volume module according to one embodiment;

[0120] Figure 98 It is a perspective view of the connection between the lower end of the first door frame and the upper end of the second door frame according to one embodiment;

[0121] Figure 99 yes Figure 98 An exploded view of the connection between the lower end of the first door frame and the upper end of the second door frame.

[0122] Figure 100 yes Figure 98 Another exploded view of the connection between the lower end of the first door frame and the upper end of the second door frame;

[0123] Figure 101 This is a perspective view of the connection between the lower end of the first door frame and the upper end of the second door frame according to another embodiment;

[0124] Figure 102 This is an exploded view of the connection between the lower end of the first door frame and the upper end of the second door frame according to another embodiment.

[0125] Figure 103 yes Figure 102 Another exploded view of the connection between the lower end of the first door frame and the upper end of the second door frame;

[0126] Figure 104 It is a perspective view of a structure having a first horizontal structural member spaced apart from the second horizontal structural member;

[0127] Figure 105 This is an exploded view of the connection between adjacent volume modules according to one embodiment;

[0128] Figure 106 This is an exploded view of the connection between the upper connector and the elevator accessory according to one embodiment;

[0129] Figure 107 yes Figure 106 A perspective view of the connection between the upper connector and the elevator accessories;

[0130] Figure 108 yes Figure 106 Another perspective view of the connection between the upper connector and the elevator accessories;

[0131] Figure 109 This is a top view of a lifting frame according to one embodiment;

[0132] Figure 110 yes Figure 109A side view of the lifting frame;

[0133] Figure 111 yes Figure 109 A schematic diagram of the end of the lifting frame;

[0134] Figure 112 This is an exploded view of the connection between adjacent volume modules according to another embodiment;

[0135] Figure 113 This is a perspective view of a lifting frame according to another embodiment;

[0136] Figure 114 yes Figure 113 Front view of the lifting frame;

[0137] Figure 115 yes Figure 113 Top view of the lifting frame;

[0138] Figure 116 It is positioned above the volumetric module frame. Figure 113 Front view of the lifting frame;

[0139] Figure 117 It is positioned above the volumetric module frame. Figure 113 Top view of the lifting frame;

[0140] Figure 118 This is a perspective view of two connections between a horizontal structural member and the end of a supporting beam, according to another embodiment;

[0141] Figure 119 yes Figure 118 An exploded diagram of the connections;

[0142] Figure 120 yes Figure 118 A side front view of the connection between the horizontal structural member and the end of the beam;

[0143] Figure 121 Is Figure 120 The intercepted along line MM Figure 120 A cross-sectional view of a connection between a horizontal structural member and the end of a supporting beam;

[0144] Figure 122 Is Figure 120 Intercepted along line LL Figure 120 A cross-sectional view of another connection between the horizontal structural member and the end of the supporting beam;

[0145] Figure 123 This is a perspective view of the connection between adjacent lower joint connectors in the middle wall according to another embodiment;

[0146] Figure 124 yes Figure 123 A top plan view of the connection between adjacent lower joint connectors in the middle wall;

[0147] Figure 125 This is a perspective view of the connection between adjacent end walls or outer corner connectors according to another embodiment;

[0148] Figure 126 yes Figure 125 A top view of the connection between adjacent end walls or external corner connectors;

[0149] Figure 127 This is a perspective view of the connection between adjacent end walls or outer corner connectors according to another embodiment;

[0150] Figure 128 yes Figure 127 A top view of the connection between adjacent end walls or external corner connectors;

[0151] Figure 129 This is a perspective view of the connection between the upper connector and the lower connector according to another embodiment;

[0152] Figure 130 yes Figure 129 A side front view of the connection between the upper connector and the lower connector;

[0153] Figure 131 yes Figure 129 A front view of the connection between the upper connector and the lower connector from the other side;

[0154] Figure 132 yes Figure 129 A front view of the connection between the upper connector and the lower connector from the other side;

[0155] Figure 133 yes Figure 129 A front view of the connection between the upper connector and the lower connector from the other side;

[0156] Figure 134 yes Figure 129 Partial exploded front perspective view of the connection between the upper connector and the lower connector;

[0157] Figure 135 yes Figure 129 Partial exploded rear-view perspective view of the connection between the upper connector and the lower connector;

[0158] Figure 136 This is a perspective view of a fixing piece according to one embodiment;

[0159] Figure 137 yes Figure 136Front view of the fixed connector;

[0160] Figure 138 yes Figure 136 Side front view of the fixing piece;

[0161] Figure 139 yes Figure 136 A bottom view of the fixed connector;

[0162] Figure 140 yes Figure 129 A top cross-sectional view of the connection between the upper connector and the lower connector;

[0163] Figure 141 Is Figure 140 A cross-sectional view taken along line CC;

[0164] Figure 142 Is Figure 140 A cross-sectional view taken along line DD;

[0165] Figure 143 yes Figure 129 A partially exploded view of the connection between the upper connector and the lower connector;

[0166] Figure 144 yes Figure 143 A top cross-sectional view of the connection between the upper connector and the lower connector;

[0167] Figure 145 Is Figure 144 A cross-sectional view taken along line EE;

[0168] Figure 146 Is Figure 144 A cross-sectional view taken along line FF;

[0169] Figure 147 This is a perspective view of a column according to one embodiment, which has an upper connector and a lower connector attached to the ends of the column.

[0170] Figure 148 yes Figure 147 Front view of the column and the upper connector and the lower connector;

[0171] Figure 149 This is a perspective view of a column according to another embodiment, having an upper connector and a lower connector attached to the ends of the column; and

[0172] Figure 150 This is a side view of a column according to another embodiment, which has separable upper connector and lower connector attached to the ends of the column.

[0173] The accompanying drawings included herein are used to illustrate various examples of the objects, methods, and apparatus taught in this specification and are not intended to limit the scope of the teachings in any way. Detailed Implementation

[0174] Various devices, methods, and compositions are described below to provide examples of embodiments of each claimed invention. The embodiments described below do not limit any claimed invention, and any claimed invention may encompass devices and methods different from those described below. The claimed invention is not limited to devices, methods, and compositions having all the features of any one of the devices, methods, or compositions described below, or is not limited to features common to multiple or all of the devices, methods, or compositions described below. It is possible that the devices, methods, or compositions described below are not embodiments of any claimed invention. Any unclaimed invention disclosed in the devices, methods, or compositions described below in this document may be the subject of another protective document (e.g., a subsequent patent application), and the applicant, inventors, and / or owners do not intend to waive, deny, or contribute any such invention to the public through the disclosure in this document.

[0175] Furthermore, it will be understood that, for the sake of simplicity and clarity, reference numerals may be repeated between figures to indicate corresponding or similar elements where deemed appropriate. In addition, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the exemplary embodiments described herein. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the exemplary embodiments described herein can be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, processes, and components have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the exemplary embodiments described herein. Moreover, this description should not be construed as limiting the scope of the exemplary embodiments described herein.

[0176] Figures 1 to 4 An exemplary embodiment of an upper connector 200, generally designated 200, is shown, which is coupled to the upper end of a column 100. The upper connector 200 includes an upper end 210 having an upper surface 220, a recessed surface 240, and a slot 230. The upper connector 200 also includes lateral connectors 280a and 280b for coupling the upper connector 200 to a horizontal structural member.

[0177] In use, the upper connector 200 can be attached to the upper end of the column and to the end of a horizontal structural member to form part of a modular frame. For example, a rectangular frame may have an upper connector 200 formed at each upper corner (see example). Figure 81 ).

[0178] Back Figures 1 to 4In the example shown, column 100 is an open channel steel with three substantially closed column sidewalls 112, 114, and 116 and a fourth column sidewall 118, which has longitudinal gaps extending along its length, thus giving the channel steel an open shape. Using columns formed from open channel steel has one or more advantages. For example, it facilitates access to the inner walls of the column, which helps in welding and / or securing mechanical fasteners to the column walls. It also allows for easier painting, coating, and / or galvanizing of the inner walls of the column, thereby inhibiting corrosion, for example, because all column surfaces are accessible (compared to, for example, columns formed from hollow steel sections (HSS)).

[0179] Using columns formed from open channel steel can also facilitate the filling of the columns with insulation or other materials to alter their structural, heat transfer, and / or sound transmission properties. For example, it can facilitate the installation of cementitious materials to increase the column's strength. As another example, it can facilitate the installation of materials constructed to act as fire retardants.

[0180] Alternatively, HSS can be used to form columns. HSS is preferred over open channel steel, for example, due to the increased load-bearing capacity.

[0181] exist Figures 1 to 4 In the example shown, the upper end 210 of the connector 200 has a first edge 212, a second edge 214, a third edge 216, and a fourth edge 218. As shown, the first edge 212 overlaps the first sidewall 112 of the post 100, the second edge 214 overlaps the second sidewall 114, the third edge 216 overlaps the third sidewall 116, and the fourth edge 218 overlaps the fourth sidewall 118. The upper end 210 can be fixed to the post 100 by welding or in any other suitable manner known to those skilled in the art.

[0182] In the example shown, a reinforcing plate 205 is disposed inside the column 100. The reinforcing plate 205 is generally perpendicular to the upper end 210 of the connector 200 and is positioned near the lower ends of the lateral connectors 280a, 280b. The reinforcing plate 205 can be fixed to the column 100 by welding or by any other suitable means known to those skilled in the art.

[0183] The upper end 210 of the upper connector 200 also has an upper surface 220 and a recessed surface 240. Preferably, the upper surface 220 is generally flat, such that an object placed on top of the upper end 210 (e.g., the lower connector) is flush with the upper surface 220. An inner connector sidewall 250 extends between the upper surface 220 and the recessed surface 240. In this arrangement, the recessed surface 240 and the connector sidewall 250 define a recessed area in the upper end 210 of the connector 200.

[0184] In the example shown, the recessed region extends to the second edge 214, the third edge 216, and the fourth edge 218 of the upper end 210. As discussed further below, the recessed region is configured to receive a lateral connecting member that can be used to secure the upper connector 200 to one or more adjacent upper connectors 200 in a fixed orientation.

[0185] In the example shown, the inner connector sidewall 250 tapers inward, such that the lower part of the recessed area is smaller than the upper part of the recessed area. As discussed further below, providing one or more tapered inner connector sidewalls can help secure the upper connector 200 to one or more adjacent upper connectors 200 by using lateral connecting members.

[0186] In the example shown, hole 245 extends through recessed surface 240. Hole 245 is configured to receive bolts (or other mechanical fasteners) to help secure lateral connecting members or cover members to the recessed area of ​​upper end 210.

[0187] The upper end 210 of the upper connector 200 also has a slot 230 extending through the interior of the post 100. As discussed further below, the slot 230 is configured to receive a retaining tab to secure the upper connector 200 to an adjacent lower connector.

[0188] In the example shown, the sidewalls 235 of the slot 230 taper inward, making the lower part of the slot narrower than the upper part. As discussed further below, providing one or more tapered slot sidewalls can help align the upper connector 200 with the adjacent lower connector.

[0189] Alternatively, the sidewalls of slot 230 may be generally parallel to each other (i.e., not tapered). Providing 'straight' sidewalls for slot 230 allows the tapered retaining tab (discussed further below) to move laterally more freely within slot 230 until the retaining tab is fully seated in the slot.

[0190] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, hole 105 is provided in the first column sidewall 112. As discussed further below, hole 105 is configured to receive bolts (or other mechanical fasteners) to help secure the upper connector 200 to the adjacent lower connector.

[0191] Figures 13 to 15An exemplary embodiment of the upper connector 200 is shown, which is coupled to the upper end of the column 100 and to the ends of the horizontal structural members 150a, 150b. This arrangement can form part of a volumetric modular frame. For example, a rectangular frame may have upper connectors 200 formed at each upper corner (see, for example...). Figure 81 ).

[0192] In the illustrated example, the ends of the horizontal structural members 150a and 150b are connected to the lateral connectors of the upper connector 200 using multiple mechanical fasteners. The use of lateral connectors 280 to connect the horizontal structural members 150 to the horizontal structural members 150 using mechanical fasteners can have one or more advantages. For example, the upper connector 200 can be welded to the end post 100 and transported from the manufacturer to the construction site (or to a temporary storage area near the construction site), and the modular frame can be assembled, while simultaneously reducing labor (e.g., eliminating the need for certified welders) and / or reducing complexity (e.g., eliminating the need for complex fixtures to maintain component alignment during welding).

[0193] See Figure 14 , Figure 17 and Figure 135 The end of the horizontal structural member 150 may have a slot 152 at the joint between the sidewall and one or two flanges. For example, by allowing the end of the horizontal structural member 150 to expand or contract slightly to better engage the lateral connector 280, the slot 152 can reduce the tolerance requirements for the lateral connector 280 and / or the horizontal structural member 150. This arrangement can also facilitate the assembly process.

[0194] Preferably, the slot 152 is positioned at an inward-facing corner, which can facilitate a flush arrangement between the flange of the horizontal structural member 150 and the flange of the lateral connector 280, see, for example... Figure 129 The flush alignment shown is 154.

[0195] It will be understood that, alternatively, the horizontal structural member 150 and the lateral connector 280 may be joined by welding or in any other suitable manner known to those skilled in the art.

[0196] Figures 5 to 8 An exemplary embodiment of a lower connector 300, generally designated 300, is shown, which is coupled to the lower end of a column 100. The lower connector 300 includes a lower end 310 having a lower surface 320 and a downwardly projecting retaining tab 330. The lower connector 300 also includes lateral connectors 380a and 380b for coupling the lower connector 300 to a horizontal structural member.

[0197] In use, the lower connector 300 can be attached to the lower end of the column and the end of the horizontal structural member to form part of the volumetric modular frame. For example, a rectangular frame may have a lower connector 300 formed at each lower corner (see example). Figure 81 ).

[0198] Back Figure 5 As shown in Figure 8, the lower end 310 of the connector 300 has a first edge 312, a second edge 314, a third edge 316, and a fourth edge 318. The first edge 312 overlaps the first sidewall 112 of the column 100, the second edge 314 overlaps the second sidewall 114, the third edge 316 overlaps the third sidewall 316, and the fourth edge 318 overlaps the fourth sidewall 118. The lower end 310 can be fixed to the column 100 by welding or in any other suitable manner known to those skilled in the art.

[0199] In the example shown, a reinforcing plate 305 is disposed inside the column 100. The reinforcing plate 305 is generally perpendicular to the lower end 310 of the connector 300 and is positioned near the upper end of the lateral connectors 380a, 380b. The reinforcing plate 305 can be fixed to the column 100 by welding or by any other suitable means known to those skilled in the art.

[0200] The lower end 310 of the lower connector 300 also has a lower surface 320. Preferably, the lower surface 320 is generally flat, such that when the lower connector is placed on an object (e.g., the upper connector 200), the lower surface 320 rests flush against the object.

[0201] In the illustrated example, the retaining tab 330 extends downward from the lower end 310 of the connector 300. The retaining tab 330 is configured to be received in a slot 230 of the upper connector 200. In the illustrated example, the sidewalls 333 of the tab 330 taper inward, such that the lower portion of the tab 330 is narrower than the upper portion. Providing one or more tapered tab sidewalls can facilitate alignment of the lower connector 300 with the adjacent upper connector 200.

[0202] Hole 335 is provided in retaining tab 330. Hole 335 is positioned such that when retaining tab 330 is positioned in slot 230 of upper connector 200 and lower surface 320 of lower connector 300 is flush with upper surface 220 of upper connector 200, holes 335 and 105 are axially aligned, such that bolts (or other mechanical fasteners) can extend through holes 335 and 105 to help secure lower connector 300 to adjacent upper connector 200.

[0203] Figure 9 and Figure 10Another exemplary embodiment of the lower connector 300 is shown. In this example, the upper surface 340 of the lower end 310 is substantially flat. In contrast, in Figures 5 to 8 In the exemplary lower connector 300 shown, the upper surface 340 has a raised central portion 345. The raised central portion helps to position the end of the post 100 relative to the lower end 310 and / or can serve as a welding backing. Providing the lower connector 300 with a generally flat upper surface 340 (i.e., without a raised central portion) simplifies manufacturing and / or reduces costs.

[0204] Figure 11 and Figure 12 Another exemplary embodiment of the lower connector 300 is shown. In this example, the lower end 310 is larger than... Figures 5 to 8 The thicker lower connector 300 shown provides an increased gap between the lower ends of the lateral connectors 380a, 380b and the lower surface 320 of the connector 300. By providing a lower connector 300 with a thicker lower end 310, a separate partition is not required in some embodiments (discussed further below).

[0205] Figures 16 to 19 An exemplary embodiment of the lower connector 300 is shown, which is coupled to the lower end of the column 100 and to the ends of the horizontal structural members 150a, 150b. This arrangement can form part of a volumetric modular frame. For example, a rectangular frame may have a lower connector 200 formed at each lower corner (see, for example...). Figure 81 ).

[0206] In the example shown, the ends of the horizontal structural members 150a and 150b are respectively connected to the lateral connectors 380a and 380b of the lower connector 300 using multiple mechanical fasteners. Providing lateral connectors 380 adapted to be connected to the horizontal structural member 150 using mechanical fasteners can have one or more advantages. For example, the lower connector 300 can be welded to one end of the column 100 and transported from the manufacturer to the construction site (or to a temporary storage area near the construction site), and the modular frame can be assembled, while simultaneously reducing labor (e.g., eliminating the need for certified welders) and / or reducing complexity (e.g., eliminating the need for complex fixtures to maintain component alignment during welding).

[0207] exist Figure 135In the example shown, the lateral connectors 280a and 280b of the upper connector 200 are both manufactured as single pieces and configured to be reversible (i.e., the same lateral connector 280 can be fixed as either lateral connector 280a or lateral connector 280b). Similarly, the lateral connectors 380a and 380b of the lower connector 300 are both manufactured as single pieces and configured to be reversible (i.e., the same lateral connector 380 can be fixed as either lateral connector 380a or lateral connector 380b). The advantage of this design is that both the upper connector 280 and the lower connector 380 can be manufactured as bent components. Another advantage is that using the same component as connector 280a or 280b (or as connector 380a or 380b) reduces the number of different components required (e.g., compared to cases where different 'left-hand side' and 'right-hand side' connectors 280a, 280b are required).

[0208] It will be understood that, alternatively, the horizontal structural member 150 and the lateral connector 380 may be joined by welding or in any other suitable manner known to those skilled in the art.

[0209] Figures 20 to 24 An example of a column 100 is shown, which has an upper connector 200 welded to one end and a lower connector 300 welded to the other end. As described above, the column 100 having the upper connector 200 welded to one end and the lower connector 300 welded to the other end can have one or more advantages.

[0210] For example, components for a modular frame (including, for instance, four columns with welded joint connectors and eight horizontal structural members) can be shipped from the manufacturer to the construction site (or to a modular factory near the construction site) as a batch of 'disassembled' parts, which improves efficiency and / or reduces transportation costs (see, for example...). Figure 87 Additionally, using mechanical fasteners to attach the lateral connectors of the joint to the horizontal structural members allows for relatively rapid assembly of these components, while simultaneously reducing labor requirements (e.g., man-hours, specialized training) and / or equipment (e.g., eliminating the need for complex fixtures).

[0211] As another example, manufacturing upper and lower joint connectors (and / or columns capped with such connectors) at the central facility can help create connection features with relatively high dimensional tolerances. Providing joint components with relatively high tolerances (e.g., reduced clearance during assembly) can facilitate the assembly of bulk modular frames with relatively high dimensional tolerances and reduce adjustments and / or modifications during assembly.

[0212] like Figure 20 , Figure 23 and Figure 24 As shown, column 100 may have one or more internal reinforcing plates 110 disposed inside column 100. The reinforcing plates 110 may be configured to be substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of column 100 and / or substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of column 100 (e.g., in wider columns, as in...). Figure 53 and Figure 57 (As shown in the example). The reinforcing plate 110 can be fixed to the column 100 by welding or any other suitable means known to those skilled in the art.

[0213] exist Figure 24 In the example shown, column 100 is filled with a cementitious material. This arrangement increases the strength and / or load-bearing capacity of column 100. Optionally, the cementitious material can be reinforced with steel bars, fibers, or other suitable materials. Filling column 100 with a cementitious material can have one or more advantages. For example, it can increase the column's resistance to the harmful effects of heat and / or impede the spread of fire and / or smoke. As another example, it can reduce or eliminate pores within the building structure (i.e., the interior of the column).

[0214] Figure 150 An example of a column 100 is shown, wherein the column 100 has an upper cover plate 120 fixed to the upper end of the column and a lower cover plate 130 fixed to the lower end of the column. The upper cover plate 120 and the lower cover plate 130 may be fixed to the column 100 by welding or by any other suitable means known to those skilled in the art.

[0215] In the example shown, cover plates 120 and 130 are stacked on virtually all of the column ends. An advantage of this design is that it helps to provide dimensional tolerances for the 'covered' ends of column 100.

[0216] The upper connector 200 can be secured to the upper cover plate 120. In the illustrated example, one or more mechanical fasteners are used to attach the connector 200 to the upper cover plate 120. Similarly, the lower connector 300 can be secured to the lower cover plate 130. In the illustrated example, one or more mechanical fasteners are used to attach the connector 300 to the lower cover plate 120.

[0217] The advantage of this design is that the columns 100 can be disengaged from the connectors 200, 300 during the assembly of the bulk module frame, and / or installed later than during the assembly of the bulk module frame. For example, one or more columns 100 can be disengaged from the lower connector to facilitate the installation of the base plate surface on the lower part of the module frame. Alternatively or additionally, one or more columns 100 can be disengaged from the upper connector to facilitate the installation of the ceiling surface on the upper part of the module frame. For example, the floor surface and the ceiling surface can be installed simultaneously on the upper and lower parts of the partially separated module frame, and then the module frame sections can be secured to each other via the columns 100. By facilitating parallel access, this increases the capacity and / or speed of the off-site module assembly facility.

[0218] As another example, the floor assembly (e.g., including perimeter beam 150, joint connector 300, and infill structure, and optionally including one or more of a decking, floor, HVAC duct, piping, wiring, etc.) can be completed as a separate component to a desired extent, and then connected to the ceiling assembly (e.g., including perimeter beam 150, joint connector 200, and infill structure, and optionally including one or more of drywall, HVAC duct, wiring, etc.) via columns securing joint connectors 200, 300, thereby forming a volumetric modular frame.

[0219] Figure 147 and Figure 148 An example of a mid-wall column 100 is shown, having an upper connector 200' fixed to the upper end of the column and a lower connector 300' fixed to the lower end of the column. In the example shown, multiple optional holes 102 and 104 are provided in the sidewall of the channel steel. Smaller holes (such as hole 102) can be used to secure the light steel frame to the column 100, for example, to attach a drywall to a volumetric module frame. Larger holes (such as hole 104) can be used with bolts or other mechanical fasteners to achieve a similar fastening effect to that in... Figures 98 to 100 The connection method between the horizontal members of the vertically adjacent volumetric modular frame shown in the figure fixes adjacent columns to each other. Joining the abutting column members 100 together can increase the effective width of the structural members, which is expected to increase their resistance to forces (including torsion and compression) acting on them. It is also expected that this connection will increase the bending resistance of a set of end frames of the abutting volumetric modular frame.

[0220] Figures 25 to 32An example of a connection between the upper connector 200 and the lower connector 300 is shown. This connection can be used to attach one volumetric module frame to another. For example, by attaching the upper connector 200 located at the upper corner of the lower module frame to the lower connector 300 located at the upper corner of the upper module frame, vertically adjacent rectangular frames can be joined together (see example...). Figure 89 ).

[0221] See Figure 25 and Figure 26 This allows the upper connector 200 (connected to the column 100 and the horizontal structural member 150) and the lower connector 300 (connected to another column 100 and the horizontal structural member 150) to be aligned, wherein the fixing piece 330 is aligned with the slot 230.

[0222] In the example shown, the cover member 400 is positioned in a recessed area in the upper end 210 of the connector 200. Preferably, one or more sidewalls 450 of the cover member 400 are tapered such that when the cover member is positioned in the recessed area, the sidewalls 450 are flush with the inner connector sidewalls 250 of the upper end 210 of the upper connector 200.

[0223] In the example shown, the cover member 400 is sized such that when positioned in the recessed region of the upper end 210 of the connector 200, the upper surface 420 of the cover member 400 is recessed from the upper surface 220 of the connector 200. Alternatively, the cover member 400 may be sized such that when positioned in the recessed region 210, the cover member 400 is flush with the upper surface 220 of the connector 200.

[0224] As in Figure 28 and Figure 32 As can be seen, when the fixing piece 330 of the lower connector is received in the slot 230 of the upper connector, and the lower surface 320 of the lower end 310 of the lower connector 300 abuts against the upper surface 220 of the upper end 210 of the upper connector 200 and the upper surface 420 of the cover member 400, the fixing bolt 490 can be positioned to pass through the transverse hole 105 in the first column sidewall 112 and through the transverse hole 335 of the fixing piece 330. In this arrangement, the upper connector and the lower connector are fixed to each other in a fixed orientation.

[0225] The settings can be like Figures 25 to 32The upper connector 200 and lower connector 300 shown for connection can have one or more advantages. For example, during the assembly of the building structure, the upper surface of the volumetric module frame may lack upward-projecting surface features. Features projecting upward from the top surface of the module can pose safety hazards, such as the risk of workers tripping. These features can also hinder the protection of the unfinished building from rainwater, for example, interfering with the use of tarpaulins used for this purpose. These features can also make it difficult to place insulation and / or a topcoat on the roof of the completed building.

[0226] Moreover, see Figure 31 and Figure 32 This connection allows for contact between horizontal members of vertically adjacent volumetric modular frames. In this arrangement, the connection between vertically adjacent volumetric modular frames is characterized by a distributed load profile, which provides the capability to transfer vertical loads through the wall structure to the supporting frame at a lower level of the building or to the base, and improves the transfer of lateral and longitudinal loads to the core, shear walls, etc.

[0227] Moreover, such as Figures 98 to 100 The horizontal structural members 150 shown, connected to each other by one or more bolts (or other mechanical fasteners), can be used to increase the effective depth of the structural members, which is expected to increase their resistance to forces acting upon them, including torsional, compressive, and gravitational forces. Additionally, the engagement of the abutting structural members can increase their ability to resist shear loads along the abutting edges of the bulk modules in the building structure, such as shear loads that may be caused by horizontal acceleration applied to the building frame by an earthquake. As described below, one or more notches 155 may be provided in the sidewalls of the horizontal structural members 150 to facilitate access to the bolts 157, for example, during installation and / or inspection.

[0228] Figures 33 to 36 An example of another connection between the upper connector 200 and the lower connector 300 is shown. In the example shown, a spacer 500 is disposed between the connectors 200 and 300. The spacer 500 has a slot 530 for receiving a fixing tab 330 and a hole 505 for securing the spacer 500 against the lower surface 320 of the lower connector 300.

[0229] like Figure 35 and Figure 36As shown, when the spacer 500 is sandwiched between the connectors 200 and 300, the horizontal members of the vertically adjacent volumetric module frames are spaced apart from each other. In this arrangement, the connection between the vertically adjacent volumetric module frames is characterized by point loads at the connection location. This arrangement is desirable when horizontal circulation facilitates service, and / or when the volumetric modules are structurally supported to span between vertical load paths, thereby creating an open space below (with respect to the opening between two adjacent spaces).

[0230] Optionally, the spacer members may be made of compressible and / or elastic materials, which can provide a degree of seismic isolation between vertically adjacent volumetric modular frames.

[0231] Instead of using a separate partition, the lower connector 300 can be provided with a relatively thick lower end 310 (e.g., as shown in the image). Figure 11 and Figure 12 (As shown), thereby providing an increased spacing between the lower ends of the lateral connectors 380a, 380b and the lower surface 320 of the connector 300. It will be understood that, alternatively, the upper connector 200 may be provided with a relatively thick upper end 210, thereby providing an increased spacing between the upper ends of the lateral connectors 280a, 280b and the upper surface 220 of the connector 200.

[0232] Setting a gap between the horizontal members of a vertically adjacent volumetric module frame can have one or more advantages. For example, the gap can help provide thermal and / or sound insulation partitions in the resulting structure, facilitate the installation of fire-resistant materials between adjacent volumetric modules, improve the acoustic performance of the building, and / or allow for gaps around the supports.

[0233] In addition to the vertical connection between the upper connector 200 and the lower connector 300, an exemplary embodiment of this system also provides a lateral connection between adjacent upper connectors 200.

[0234] Figure 37 Examples of an upper connector 200, a lower connector 300, various lateral connecting members 600, a cover member 400, and various partitions 500 are shown. These components can be used to achieve multiple different connections between adjacent connectors, which can advantageously increase design flexibility for constructing building structures using a relatively small number of component types with a modular frame.

[0235] Figure 38An exemplary connection between two adjacent upper connectors 200a, 200b using a lateral connecting member 600 is illustrated. The lateral connecting member 600 is sized to fit simultaneously within the recessed regions of connectors 200a and 200b. Preferably, one or more of the sidewalls 650 of the connecting member 600 are tapered, such that when the connecting member is positioned in the recessed region, the sidewall 650 flush abuts against the inner connector sidewall 250 of connectors 200a, 200b.

[0236] Similar to the cover member 400, the dimensions of the connecting member 600 are set such that when placed in the recessed area at the upper end of the connectors 200a and 200b, the upper surface 620 of the connecting member 600 is recessed from or flush with the upper surface 220 of the connectors 200a and 200b.

[0237] Alternatively, a tapered interface can be provided between the connecting member 600 and the inner connector sidewall 250 to create a horizontal clamping effect applied by the connecting member to the joint connector, thereby positioning the connecting member within the joint connector when it is placed in the recess (e.g., when one or more threaded fasteners that cause the connecting member to move downwards are tightened). For example, the connecting member 600 can be sized to facilitate close contact between abutting joint connectors, which in turn facilitates the transfer of lateral forces between adjacent volumetric module frames.

[0238] Figure 39 It shows the use of Figure 38 The lateral connecting member 600 is an exemplary connection between two adjacent upper connectors, and the partition 500 is used to achieve vertical separation between the upper and lower volume module frames.

[0239] Figure 40 An exemplary connection is shown between three adjacent upper connectors 200a, 200b, and 200c using a lateral connecting member 600. The lateral connecting member 600 is sized to fit within the recessed areas of connectors 200a, 200b, and 200c simultaneously. Preferably, one or more of the sidewalls 650 of the connecting member 600 are tapered to flush with the inner connector sidewall 250.

[0240] Figure 41 It shows the use of Figure 40 The lateral connecting member 600 provides an exemplary connection between three adjacent upper connectors, and the partition 500 enables vertical separation between the upper and lower volumetric module frames.

[0241] Figure 42An exemplary connection is shown between four adjacent upper connectors using a lateral connecting member 600. The lateral connecting member 600 is sized to simultaneously occupy the recessed areas of all four lower connectors and preferably has one or more tapered sidewalls 650 that flush abut against the inner connector sidewall 250.

[0242] Figure 43 It shows the use of Figure 42 The lateral connecting member 600 provides an exemplary connection between four adjacent upper connectors, and the partition 500 enables vertical separation between the upper and lower four volumetric module frames.

[0243] Figures 44 to 47 Another exemplary embodiment of the lower connector 300 is shown, as well as the connection between the lower connector 300 and the upper connector 200.

[0244] In the example shown, the lower connector 300 does not include a downwardly projecting retaining tab. Instead, a slot 360 is provided in the lower end 310 of the connector 300. A separate retaining tab 370 is also provided. The retaining tab 370 is configured to be secured to the lower connector 300 (and the post 100 to which the connector is secured) using mechanical fasteners (in a manner similar to that used to attach the retaining tab 330 to the upper connector 200) (i.e., the upper end of the tab 370 is positioned in the slot 360, and the retaining bolt 490 is positioned to pass through the upper hole 335 of the tab 370 and through the transverse hole 105 in the sidewall of the post to which the connector 300 is secured).

[0245] Compared to Figures 25 to 27 The connection arrangement shown, with the lower connector 300 having a slot 360 and a separate fixing tab 370, can have one or more advantages. For example, during the assembly of the building structure, the upper surface of the volumetric module frame may lack upwardly projecting surface features, and the lower surface of the volumetric module frame may lack downwardly projecting surface features until the connection is made between adjacent module frames. For example, the fixing tab 370 can be immediately installed in the slot 230 or slot 360 just before the connectors 200, 300 are placed to contact each other.

[0246] As another possible advantage, in some cases, a lower connector 300 with a slot for receiving an upwardly projecting tab is considered desirable (e.g., for the ground floor level of a building structure, where the upward-facing tab is best suited for setting the volumetric modules of the first level), while in other cases, an upper connector 200 with a slot for receiving an upwardly projecting tab is considered desirable (e.g., at the upper end of the roof level of a building structure, where fixing the tab may not be necessary and is considered undesirable, for example, because it would cause thermal bridging).

[0247] As another possible advantage, the individual retaining tabs 370 can be configured in several different forms. For example, some retaining tabs may have smooth transverse holes, others may have threaded holes, and still others may have both a smooth hole and a threaded hole. As another example, some retaining tabs may have more or less tapered shapes at one or both ends. As yet another example, different retaining tabs may be made of different alloys and / or steel grades or other materials, which would help to provide retaining tabs with different physical properties (e.g., tensile strength, coefficient of thermal expansion, etc.).

[0248] Setting different retaining tabs can facilitate the selection of specific tabs to be manufactured, independent of the production of the column assembly. For example, the retaining tabs can be selected later in the volumetric module production process compared to the connector 300 with a fixed, downwardly projecting retaining tab 330. This is advantageous because, for example, alternative versions of the retaining tabs might be considered more suitable for different applications (e.g., when securing the volumetric module frame to the cargo hold of a truck or ship for transport, when securing the volumetric module frame to a building foundation, when securing the volumetric module frame to a lifting device, or when securing all or part of the module frame to a set of wheels for movement within a factory or assembly facility).

[0249] Figure 48 and Figure 49 An example of another connection between the upper connector 200 and the lower connector 300 is shown. Figures 1 to 8 In the example shown, column 100 has a generally square cross-sectional profile. Figure 48 and Figure 49 In this embodiment, column 100 has a generally rectangular cross-sectional profile. It will be understood that any suitable column shape may be used in one or more alternative embodiments.

[0250] Figure 50 and Figure 51 Another example of a connection between the upper connector 200 and the lower connector 300 is shown, wherein the column 100 has a rectangular cross-sectional profile, and Figure 48 and Figure 49Compared to the example outline shown, this rectangular cross-sectional outline has a larger aspect ratio.

[0251] Figure 52 An example of another connection between the upper connector 200 and the lower connector 300 is shown. In this example, the lower connector 300 includes three downwardly projecting retaining tabs 330a, 330b, and 330c, while the upper connector 200 includes three corresponding slots 230a, 230b, and 230c. Having more than one retaining tab / slot connection can have one or more advantages. For example, it can increase the vertical load-bearing (tensile) capacity of the connection between the upper connector 200 and the lower connector 300. It can also enhance the horizontal shear resistance of the connection and / or increase resistance to rotation about the longitudinal axis of the column.

[0252] In the example shown, three separate transverse bolts are used, each for one tab / slot connection. Alternatively, a single transverse bolt can be used to connect two or more tab / slot connections.

[0253] Figures 129 to 146 Another exemplary embodiment of the lower connector 300 and the connection between the lower connector 300 and the upper connector 200 is shown.

[0254] First of all, we arrived Figures 136 to 139 In the example shown, the retaining tab 370 has an upper portion 372 with a generally rectangular profile, having generally parallel front and rear surfaces 373 and generally parallel side surfaces 374. The retaining tab 370 also has a lower portion 376 with a tapering profile along two axes. Specifically, the front and rear surfaces 377 are angled toward each other, thinning the profile of the lower portion 376, and the side surfaces 378 are angled toward each other, narrowing the profile of the lower portion 376. In the example shown, the edges are chamfered, but this chamfering is optional.

[0255] In the example shown, an upper hole 334 is provided through the upper part 372, and a lower hole 336 is provided through the lower part 376. Optionally, one or both of the holes 334 and 336 are threaded holes. Providing threaded holes 334 and 336 allows the tab 370 to be secured using only bolts, for example, without the need for a nut.

[0256] If possible, it would be best to Figure 134 and Figure 143 As seen in the example shown, slot 230 includes an angled or ramped surface 237. When the lower portion 376 of the retaining tab 370 is positioned in slot 230, the ramped surface 237 abuts against surface 337.

[0257] Providing a retaining tab 370 with a lower tapered portion and complementary ramp surfaces 237 in the slot 230 can have one or more advantages. For example, the angled surfaces can aid in the alignment of the upper connector 200 and the lower connector 300 during assembly. As another example, the abutment between the ramp surfaces 237 and 337 allows the connection between the retaining tab 370 and the upper and lower connectors 200, 300 to function as a sliding critical joint. As yet another example, the abutment between the ramp surfaces 237 and 337 can produce a reduced prying effect on the retaining tab 370 when a retaining bolt (or other mechanical fastener) is inserted through the lower hole 336 to secure the lower portion 376 of the retaining tab 370.

[0258] As described above, the upper connector 200 and the lower connector 300 can be secured to each other in a fixed orientation by inserting the fixing bolt 490 through the transverse hole 105 in the column sidewall 112 and through the transverse hole 335 of the fixing piece 330 (or through the transverse hole in the separate fixing piece 370). It will be understood that any suitable bolt (or other mechanical fastener) can be used, and the bolt 490 can be inserted inward (i.e., toward the longitudinal axis of the column 100) or outward (i.e., from the interior of the column 100 away from its longitudinal axis).

[0259] In some embodiments, once the volumetric module frame is in place (e.g., once the retaining tab 330 of the lower connector is received in the slot 230 of the upper connector and the lower connector 300 abuts against the upper connector), the retaining bolt 490 can be manually positioned and secured by a worker (e.g., using a wrench or hand-held power tool).

[0260] In one or more alternative embodiments, once the volumetric module frame is in place, a power actuator (e.g., an electrically driven actuator) can be provided within the module frame to position the retaining bolt 490. For example, the actuator could be a linear actuator (e.g., a ball screw driven actuator) that allows the retaining bolt 490 to extend through the transverse holes 105, 335. Alternatively, the actuator could be a rotary actuator that rotates the threaded bolt to engage the threaded transverse holes 105, 335 accordingly.

[0261] In some embodiments, the actuator may be provided with a fuse or other semi-permanent or permanent release mechanism to ensure that the actuator is not accidentally actuated after the retaining bolt 490 is in the proper position. For example, one or more inline fuses may be provided such that once the retaining bolt 490 is in the proper position, a predetermined tripping voltage can be applied to the actuator to 'blow' the fuse, thereby interrupting the circuit and ceasing power supply to the actuator.

[0262] Installing power actuators can have one or more advantages. For example, it can reduce the labor required to secure adjacent modular frames to each other, increase safety, improve assembly speed, and / or reduce costs. For instance, power actuators can be controlled from a remote location, which reduces or eliminates the need for workers to enter or climb onto the sides or top of the bulk modular frames.

[0263] This reduces or avoids some or all of the work typically involved in connecting and / or disconnecting the bulk modular frame to, for example, transport trucks, lifting equipment, or building structures (including work characterized as hazardous).

[0264] For example, the control system may be connected to one or more actuators via wireless or wired connections (e.g., via one or more wires located in the finished part of the building structure, in the lifting equipment, in the transport truck, etc.).

[0265] Alternatively or concurrently, the installation of remotely controllable power actuators can facilitate the remote and semi-automatic loading, unloading, transporting, lifting, and / or assembling of the modular frame into the building. For example, the modular frame can be placed on a truck mount with upward-projecting tabs, and one or more power actuators can be actuated to 'lock' the modular frame to the truck mount. As another example, once the truck arrives at the construction site, one or more power actuators can be actuated to 'lock' the modular frame to a lifting device before, after, or simultaneously with the actuation of one or more other power actuators to 'unlock' the modular frame from the truck mount. Remote coupling / discoupling of the modular frame can be controlled by a crane operator, a dedicated operator, an automated or semi-automatic system, or by a small team.

[0266] As another possible advantage, the power actuator can provide verifiable audit trails regarding the connection of the transverse bolt 490 (e.g., alone or in combination with one or more position sensors located near the bolt 490).

[0267] Figures 53 to 56 An example of a connection between the upper connector 200 and the lower connector 300 is shown using a power actuator 700. In the example shown, the actuator 700 includes a motor 710 and a drive shaft 720 coupled to a retaining bolt 490. The actuator 700 also includes a retaining coupling 730 to prevent rotation of the actuator relative to the upper connector 200. The retaining bolt 490 may be threaded (e.g., in the case of a rotary actuator 700), or it may be a tapered pin pressed into transverse bores 105, 335 (e.g., in the case of a linear actuator 700).

[0268] As in Figure 56As can be seen in this example, the actuator 700 is positioned inside the pillar 100. Alternatively, as... Figure 62 As shown, actuator 700 may be positioned within horizontal structural member 150. Although in the example shown, actuator 700 is positioned adjacent to the upper connector at the upper end of the column, alternatively or otherwise, actuator may be positioned adjacent to the lower connector at the lower end of the column (e.g., in an embodiment where the lower connector includes slot 360).

[0269] As described above, the upper connector 200 and the lower connector 300 can be fixed to each other in a fixed orientation by inserting the fixing bolt 490 through the transverse hole 105 in the column sidewall 112 and through the transverse hole 335 in the fixing piece 330 (or through the transverse hole in the separate fixing piece 370).

[0270] In some embodiments, one or more supplementary fixing bolts may be provided to enhance the tensile load-bearing capacity of the connection between the joint connectors 200 and 300.

[0271] Figures 57 to 61 An example of a connection between the upper connector 200 and the lower connector 300 is shown using supplementary fixing bolts 495. In the example shown, two bolts 495 are used, but it will be understood that one, three, or more bolts 495 may be used in alternative embodiments.

[0272] Once the lower surface 320 of the lower connector 300 abuts against the upper surface 220 of the connector 200, the supplementary fixing bolts 495 can be manually positioned and secured by a worker (e.g., using a wrench or hand-held power tool).

[0273] In the example shown, a notch 107 is provided in the side wall of the end of the column 100 near the mounting location of the supplementary fixing bolt 495. This notch facilitates access to the bolt 495 during installation and / or inspection. An access panel 790 is also shown in the example for covering the notch 107 when not in use.

[0274] exist Figure 132 and Figure 135 In the example shown, cutout 107 has a generally elliptical shape. This cutout reduces stress concentration. The proximity panel 790 in the example shown has a similar circular shape to cover cutout 107 when not in use.

[0275] exist Figures 38 to 45 In the example shown, the lateral connecting member 600 is configured to achieve a lateral connection between adjacent upper connectors 200, which makes the adjacent posts 100 substantially flush with each other.

[0276] Alternatively, the lateral connecting member 600 may be configured to provide a predetermined space between adjacent connected columns 100. Figures 63 to 65 An example of a lateral connecting member 600 for achieving a spaced connection between adjacent columns is shown.

[0277] Achieving a spacer connection can have one or more advantages. For example, it can help provide thermal and / or sound insulation partitions in the resulting structure, can facilitate vertical circulation of services, can facilitate the installation of fire-resistant materials between adjacent volume modules, can improve the acoustic performance of the building, and / or can allow for the existence of gaps around the supports.

[0278] Alternatively or concurrently, spaced connections can help allow for looser manufacturing tolerances. For example, when components are assembled to form a modular frame, the cumulative effect of manufacturing tolerances for each component can cause variations in the overall dimensions between each assembled modular frame. Lateral connectors, designed to provide a predetermined space (e.g., 3 / 8 inch) between adjacent modular frames, can facilitate connections between frames of slightly different dimensions.

[0279] Figure 123 and Figure 124 Another exemplary embodiment of a lateral connecting member 600 used to provide a substantially flush connection between adjacent columns is shown.

[0280] In the example shown, the seat (including the inner connector sidewall 250) in the recessed area of ​​the upper end 210 of each connector 200 and the connector 600 are sized to cause flush contact between the edges of adjacent connectors 200. Alternatively, see Figure 124 The dimensions of the inner connector sidewall 250' parallel to the abutment edge of the connector 200 are set (and are tapered) to facilitate close contact, while the dimensions of the inner connector sidewall 250" perpendicular to the abutment edge of the connector 200 are set to provide a gap (e.g., about 1 / 4") to allow lateral movement between the connectors 200, thereby accommodating, for example, longitudinal positional changes.

[0281] Back Figure 123 Optionally, the horizontal structural member 150 is configured to recede from the edge of the joint connector 200 (e.g., about 1 / 8") such that a gap 151 is provided between adjacent horizontal structural members 150 when adjacent joint connectors 200 are engaged with each other.

[0282] Figure 125 and Figure 126 as well as Figure 127 and Figure 128Another exemplary embodiment of a lateral connecting member 600 used to provide a substantially flush connection between adjacent columns is shown.

[0283] Figures 66 to 70 An exemplary embodiment of the upper connector 200 is shown. In this example, the upper connector 200 is formed as a single component (e.g., by casting and / or machining). Figure 70 As shown, the upper connector 200 can be welded to the end of the column 100, or fixed in any other suitable manner known to those skilled in the art.

[0284] It will be understood that the lower connector 300 can also be formed as a single component.

[0285] The use of integrated connectors can have one or more advantages. For example, it can improve dimensional accuracy, facilitate manufacturing, and / or reduce costs. Additionally or alternatively, it can reduce the number of parts that must be manufactured and / or stored. Additionally or alternatively, it can reduce the number of parts that must be placed in fixtures for welding, and / or reduce the number and / or complexity of welding required.

[0286] The integral joint connector may be made of a material or alloy with desired mechanical properties, such as increased strength, improved weldability and / or enhanced corrosion resistance compared to the material of column 100 (e.g., steel).

[0287] In the aforementioned example, the lateral connectors 280 and 380 of the connectors 200 and 300 are shown as being at a 90-degree angle to each other. For example, Figure 1 The illustrated upper connector has a first lateral connector 280a extending outward from the first column sidewall 112 and a second lateral connector 280b extending outward from the second column sidewall 114. Therefore, the illustrated connectors 200, 300 are adapted to form the corner portion of a rectangular volumetric module frame.

[0288] It will be understood that the lateral connectors 280, 380 may be arranged at other relative angles to each other. For example, the connector 200 may have a second lateral connector 280b extending outward from the third post sidewall 116 (instead of the second post sidewall), resulting in the lateral connectors 280a, 280b being at a 180-degree angle to each other. Examples of such connectors are shown in... Figure 81 , Figure 123 , Figure 124 , Figure 147 and Figure 148 The connector 200' is shown in Figure 47. Figures 47 and 148 are also shown as connectors 200'. Figure 81 , Figure 147 and Figure 148The image shows an example of a lower intermediate joint connector with lateral connectors at 180-degree angles to each other, serving as joint connector 300'. In one or more alternative embodiments, angles of 30 degrees, 45 degrees, 60 degrees, or other desired angles may be provided.

[0289] As described above, the connectors 200 and 300 can be attached to the ends of the columns and the ends of the horizontal structural members to form part of the volumetric modular frame. The volumetric modular frame may also include multiple beams, columns, and / or cross braces.

[0290] In some existing systems, volumetric frames have been constructed using light steel framing because light steel is relatively easy to assemble and produces a relatively lightweight structure. However, mechanical fasteners cannot withstand large point loads, and / or the beams, columns, and / or cross braces made of light steel framing are relatively weak, making it difficult to fasten these components together to create bending-resistant or highly stable connections. Therefore, it is difficult to assemble and lift volumetric modular frames made of this framing without damage from excessive twisting or fastener shearing, especially when lifting is achieved through connections to the top of the modular frame (e.g., without the use of support slings under the module).

[0291] In other existing systems, volumetric frames have been constructed using structural steel frames. However, such volumetric frames can be relatively expensive and / or difficult to manufacture.

[0292] Figures 71 to 80 An exemplary embodiment of the connection between the ends of a horizontal structural member and a light steel frame support member is shown. This connection includes a fixed plate member 810 and a floating plate 820 connected to the horizontal structural member 150. The fixed plate member 810 may be welded to the horizontal structural member 150 or fixed in any other suitable manner.

[0293] In the illustrated example, the fixing plate member 810 includes a connecting surface 812 and an alignment surface 814. The alignment surface 814 is adapted to help vertically position the end of the support beam 900 relative to the horizontal structural member 150 by contacting the inner surface of the upper end of the support beam end. Additionally, the alignment surface 814 can suppress or prevent vertical displacement of the support beam 900. Furthermore, the alignment surface 814 can transfer gravity loads to the horizontal structural member 150.

[0294] The connecting surface 812 includes a linear groove 815 (which may also be described as a bead, recess, pit, groove, or indentation), the linear groove 815 being configured to engage a corresponding protruding surface feature 905 formed in the end of the support beam 900.

[0295] The floating plate 820 includes a linear boss 825 (which may alternatively be described as a ridge, bead, or recess) configured to engage with a corresponding recessed surface feature 905 formed in the end of the support beam 900.

[0296] To form a connection, one end of the support beam 900 can be positioned against the connecting surface 812 and the alignment surface 814, so that the surface feature 905 of the support beam is aligned with the groove 815. Subsequently, or simultaneously, the floating plate 820 can be positioned against the end of the support beam 900, so that the boss 825 is aligned with the surface feature 905 of the support beam. The support beam 900 can be clamped between the fixed plate member 810 and the floating plate 820 by using mechanical fasteners 830.

[0297] Although in the illustrated embodiment the connecting surface 812 of the fixing plate member 810 includes a groove 815, it will be understood that it may instead include a linear boss 825, and surface features 905 and 815 may also be reversed.

[0298] The resulting connection can have one or more advantages. For example, a clamping force can be applied when the mechanical fastener 830 is tightened, locking the layered arrangement between the beam ends and the plates 810, 820. This can create a relatively rigid, bending-resistant connection between the beam ends and the horizontal structural member 150. This connection can be characterized by a relatively high degree of 'retention'. Moreover, this connection can provide greater retention compared to connections without linear surface features 815, 905, and 825 (e.g., connections that rely on a combination of simple planar friction and the resistance of the edges of the holes through which the mechanical fasteners pass).

[0299] As another example, providing a support beam 900 with surface feature 905 at each end helps maintain the desired spacing between opposing horizontal structural members 150. In this regard, once the first end of the support beam is secured to a horizontal structural member, when the opposing ends of the support beam are connected, the engagement of linear surface features 815, 905, and 825 can pull or push the fixing plate member 810 (and thus the horizontal structural member at that location) as the mechanical fasteners 830 are tightened, such that the spacing between the linear grooves 815 of the opposing fixing plate members 810 is determined by the spacing between the surface features 905 at each end of the support beam 900. This can facilitate accurate assembly of the volumetric frame, for example, without the use of jigs and / or precision measurements.

[0300] Figures 118 to 122 Another exemplary embodiment of the connection between the ends of the horizontal structural member and the light steel frame support beam member is shown. In the example shown, the upper fixing plate member 810a is connected to the horizontal structural member 150a, while the lower fixing plate member 810b is connected to the horizontal structural member 150b.

[0301] come Figure 119 Each recess 815 (which may alternatively be described as a linear groove, bead, pit, groove, or indentation) includes a generally flat surface 816 offset from the connecting surface 812 by a transition portion 818. Corresponding protruding surface features 905 formed in the end of the support beam 900 and linear bosses 825 (which may alternatively be described as ridges, beaded portions, or recesses) of the floating plate 820 are each configured to engage the recess 815, as shown below. Figure 121 and Figure 122 As shown.

[0302] See Figure 121 and Figure 122 When connected by mechanical fasteners 830, a recess 815 having a transition portion 818 between the connecting surface 812 and the surface 816 can facilitate the formation of a contact surface 817 between the angled transition portion 818 and the corresponding transition portion 918 of the corresponding surface feature 905 formed in the end of the support beam 900, the contact surface 817 being angled to the body of the support beam 900 and the connecting surface 812. Similarly, a recess 815 having a transition portion 818 between the connecting surface 812 and the surface 816 can provide a contact surface 819 between the angled transition portion 818 and the corresponding linear boss 825 of the floating plate 820, the contact surface 819 being angled to the body of the support beam 900 and the connecting surface 812.

[0303] In the example shown, the contact surfaces 817, 819 and the main body of the support beam 900 are at an angle of approximately 45°. Preferably, the contact surfaces 817, 819 and the main body of the support beam 900 are at an angle between approximately 30° and 60°.

[0304] The recess 815, which provides angled contact surfaces 817, 819, can have one or more advantages. For example, when the fixed plate member 810, one end of the support beam 900, and the floating plate 820 are pulled together, the recess 815 can facilitate relative alignment between the fixed plate member and the ends of the floating plate member and the support beam. Alternatively or additionally, when the fixed plate member 810, one end of the support beam 900, and the floating plate 820 are pulled together, the clamping force can be concentrated on the transition portion 818 of the recess 815 (which can also be described as a small plane of the recess), which can improve the degree of fixation. Alternatively or alternatively, providing a recess having a generally flat surface 816 and a transition portion 818 can reduce the reduction in the thickness of the base material of the fixing plate member 810 during recess formation, and / or reduce tearing at the transition between the connecting surface 812 and the transition portion 818 and at the transition between the transition portion 818 and the surface 816, due to material flow on the surface of one or more forming tools used to form the recess 815.

[0305] Figures 71 to 80 Another possible advantage of the illustrated connection is that the fixing plate member 810 can be welded (or otherwise secured) to the horizontal structural member 150 at a predetermined location. This arrangement allows one or more horizontal structural members 150 with pre-fixed fixing plate members 810, along with multiple girders 900 with pre-formed girder surface features 905, to be transported from the manufacturer to the construction site (or to a modular factory near the construction site) as a batch of 'disassembled' parts, which improves efficiency and / or reduces transportation costs. Alternatively, this arrangement can reduce or eliminate the need for measuring and laying out components of the structure.

[0306] Additionally, using mechanical fasteners to connect the joists between horizontal structural members allows for relatively quick assembly of these components, while reducing labor requirements (e.g., man-hours, specialized training) and / or equipment (e.g., eliminating the need for complex fixtures).

[0307] Additionally, the clamping action of the fixed plate member 810 and the floating plate 820 can distribute the compressive force provided by the mechanical fastener 830, which can reduce the number of mechanical fasteners required. Alternatively or additionally, the clamping action can increase the effective length of the mating surface features 815, 905, and 825.

[0308] Furthermore, the use of mechanical fasteners with two threaded portions supported on a sufficiently rigid plate can facilitate the use of devices such as specialized wrenches for measuring fasteners and / or applying specific torque values ​​to fasteners, which can enable connections with quantifiable and / or verifiable mechanical properties, which may be specified, for example, by engineers or architects.

[0309] Figure 81 An exemplary embodiment of a volumetric modular frame, generally designated 1000, is shown. In this example, the volumetric modular frame 1000 includes four upper joint connectors 200 (one at each upper corner), three upper intermediate joint connectors 200', four lower joint connectors 300 (one at each lower corner), three lower intermediate joint connectors 30', seven columns 100, fourteen horizontal structural members 150, fourteen floor joists 900, and fourteen ceiling joists 900.

[0310] Figure 82 and Figure 83An example of the connection between upper and lower horizontal support beams 150 and one or more intermediate support columns 190 is shown. This arrangement is considered desirable when large vertical forces generated by a tall structure are transmitted along some or all of its entire length through the walls of the volumetric module. In the example shown, the intermediate support columns 190 are formed of open channel steel. Alternatively, one or more intermediate support columns 190 may be formed of HSS (Hyper-Steel Strand). For example, HSS may be preferred over open channel steel when enhanced load-bearing capacity is preferred or required for the support columns.

[0311] Figures 84 to 87 Another exemplary embodiment of the volumetric modular frame 1000 is shown. In this example, the volumetric modular frame 1000 includes four upper joint connectors 200 (one at each upper corner), three upper intermediate joint connectors 200', four lower joint connectors 300 (one at each lower corner), three lower intermediate joint connectors 300', seven columns 100, fourteen horizontal structural members 150, fourteen floor joists 900, fourteen ceiling joists 900, forty-nine supporting columns 190, and four diagonal support members. Figure 87 As demonstrated, the volumetric modular frame 1000 can be supplied as a set of pre-assembled parts (e.g., for transport), which includes four corner post assemblies, one intermediate post assembly, one door frame assembly, four diagonal support members, a floor frame with pre-installed joists, a ceiling frame with pre-installed joists, and six wall panel frames 195.

[0312] Figure 88 An exemplary embodiment of a building structure, generally designated 2000, is shown, constructed using eight volumetric modular frames 1000. Adjacent modular frames 1000 are secured to each other via connections between upper connectors 200 and lower connectors 300, and connections between adjacent upper connectors 200. In the example shown, the volumetric modular frames 1000 already have a floor installed within them.

[0313] Figures 89 to 93 Another exemplary embodiment of the building structure 2000 is shown, which is constructed using eight volumetric modular frames 1000 and two corridor frames. (See also...) Figure 90 and Figure 93 As shown, two sets of volumetric modules (four in each set) are arranged such that their (non-structural) end passages face each other, with each end passage facing one of the two corridors. It will be understood that in one or more alternative embodiments, the end passages may be structural; for example, the volumetric frame may be a bending-resistant frame, or have shear wall panels, or have diagonal bracing.

[0314] To connect the corridor to the volumetric module frame, one or more lateral extension members can be used.

[0315] Figure 94 and Figure 95 An exemplary lateral extension member 1300 is shown. A portion of the lateral extension member 1300 is sized to simultaneously occupy a recessed region of an adjacent connector 200. Preferably, one or more sidewalls 1350 of the lateral extension member 1300 are tapered such that when the extension member is occupied in the recessed region, the sidewalls 1350 flush abut against the inner connector sidewall 250 of the connector 200. The tapered interface between the lateral extension member 1300 and the inner connector sidewall 250 results in a horizontal clamping effect being applied by the extension member when it is occupied in the recess (e.g., when tightening one or more threaded fasteners that cause the connector to move downwards). Similar to the connecting member 600, the lateral extension member 1300 is sized such that when placed in the recessed area at the upper end of the adjacent connector 200, the upper surface 1320 of the extension member 1300 is recessed from or flush with the upper surface 220 of the connector 200.

[0316] The lateral extension member 1300 also includes a vertical flange 1380 and at least one vertical flange 1395, wherein the vertical flange 1380 is configured to flush abut against one or more posts 100 when the lateral extension member 1300 is positioned in a recessed region at the upper end of an adjacent connector, while at least one vertical flange 1395 extends outward from the flange 1380. The flanges 1380 and 1395 cooperate to support the extension surface 1390 of the lateral extension member 1300. For example, the flanges 1380 and 1395 may inhibit or prevent deflection of the extension surface 1390.

[0317] Figure 96 It shows the use of Figure 94 The lateral extension member 1300 is an exemplary connection between two adjacent upper connector members. It will be understood that the lateral extension member 1300 can be arranged in a series of specific shapes to accommodate, for example, eccentric conditions, parallel conditions, and two, three, or more support columns.

[0318] Figure 97 An exemplary embodiment of a door frame for a volumetric modular frame is shown. In this example, the door frame includes two columns 100, each having an upper intermediate connector 200' and a lower intermediate connector 300', two horizontal structural members 150, and a door head member 170.

[0319] The door frame assembly shown is typically a sub-assembly of components and connectors that can be manufactured, assembled, transported, and / or installed as part of a larger assembly (e.g., a volumetric modular frame).

[0320] Figures 98 to 100 An exemplary connection between vertically adjacent door frames is shown. This connection can be used when one volumetric module frame is secured to another volumetric module frame. For example, vertically adjacent door frames can be connected to each other by securing an upper intermediate joint connector 200' located at the upper corner of the lower door frame to a lower intermediate joint connector 300' located at the upper corner of the upper door frame.

[0321] See Figure 99 and Figure 100 This allows the upper connector 200' and the lower connector 300' to be aligned, with the retaining tab 330 aligned with the slot 230. In the example shown, the cover member 400 is positioned in a recessed area in the upper end 210 of each connector 200.

[0322] When the retaining tab 330 of the lower connector is received in the slot 230 of the upper connector, for each connector pair, the retaining bolt 490 can be positioned through the transverse hole 105 in the second column sidewall 114 and through the transverse hole 335 of the retaining tab 330. In this arrangement, the upper and lower connectors are fixed to each other in a fixed orientation.

[0323] See Figure 98 This connection allows contact to be made between the horizontal members of vertically adjacent portal frames. In this arrangement, the connection between vertically adjacent portal frames is characterized by a distributed load profile that provides the ability to transfer lateral and longitudinal loads.

[0324] Optionally, the abutting horizontal structural members 150 can be secured to each other using one or more bolts 157 (or other mechanical fasteners), such as Figures 98 to 100 As shown in the figure. As mentioned above, this can be used to increase the effective depth of structural members, which is expected to increase their resistance to forces acting on them.

[0325] In the example shown, a notch 155 is provided in the sidewall of the end of the horizontal structural member 150 near the mounting location of bolt 157. This notch facilitates access to bolt 157 during installation and / or inspection.

[0326] Figures 101 to 103 Another exemplary connection between vertically adjacent door frames is shown. In this example, a partition 500 is positioned between each pair of upper and lower intermediate joint connectors 200', 300'. See also Figure 101This type of connection allows for separation between the horizontal members of vertically adjacent door frames. In this arrangement, the connection between vertically adjacent door frames is characterized by a point load profile.

[0327] exist Figure 101 In the example shown, two partitions 500 are provided between each pair of upper and lower intermediate connectors 200', 300'. It will be understood that more or fewer partitions may be provided in one or more alternative embodiments.

[0328] As discussed herein, the components and systems disclosed herein provide a robust connection between vertically adjacent connectors 200, 300. This connection can be used to secure one volumetric module frame to another. This connection can also be achieved with high dimensional and / or high positional accuracy.

[0329] Figure 105 An exemplary embodiment of a modular service connection is illustrated, which can be used to connect electrical, communication, HVAC, and / or piping systems between adjacent modules while the adjacent module frames are physically fixed. In this example, the upper service connection plate 1100 includes mating couplings 1110 for HVAC piping, mating couplings 1122, 1124 for hot and cold water piping, and a recessed panel 1130 having a plurality of electrical and communication couplings 1132. Meanwhile, the lower service connection plate (not shown) includes complementary mating couplings for the HVAC piping 1110, hot and cold water piping 1122, 1124, and electrical and communication couplings 1132. It will be understood that in one or more alternative embodiments, the upper and lower service connection plates may additionally or alternatively include piping or other couplings for optical fibers, vacuum lines, fire-fighting foam, water or gas, heating or cooling fluids, rainwater guides, etc.

[0330] Figure 112 Another exemplary embodiment of the module service connection is shown. In this example, a fluid sealing member 1111 is provided to sealably connect the HVAC mating coupling 1110 and its complementary coupling on the lower service connection plate. Furthermore, liquid sealing members 1123 and 1125 are provided to sealably connect couplings 1112 and 1124 for hot and cold water pipes 1122 and 1124 and their complementary couplings on the lower service connection plate. Additionally, an electrical box connector 1135 is provided to electrically connect a plurality of electrical and communication couplings 1132 and their complementary couplings on the lower service connection plate.

[0331] exist Figure 112In the example shown, connectors 1111, 1123, 1125 and connector 1135 can be described as male / female connectors or links. The advantage of using male / female connectors is that the upper and / or lower service connection plates can be substantially flush with (or slightly recessed from) the upper and / or lower surfaces of adjacent connectors. Therefore, during the manufacture and / or transport of the bulk module frame, and / or during the assembly of the building structure, the upper surface of the bulk module frame may lack upwardly projecting surface features, and / or the lower surface of the bulk module frame may lack downwardly projecting surface features.

[0332] Another advantage of using male / female connectors is that, since adjacent modules are connected to each other, they can be secured in place. Alternatively, adhesives, sealants, etc., may be applied to one or more of connectors 1111, 1123, 1125 to promote a fluid seal between the HVAC and / or piping systems of adjacent modules.

[0333] Setting up a service connection module can have one or more advantages. For example, the connection plate can be provided as a separate component or as an extension or part of a column assembly. Furthermore, the connection plate can have various shapes and / or sizes, depending on, for example, the dimensions of the volumetric module frame and / or the building. Moreover, the connection plate can be placed in any convenient location around the structural connection (e.g., near the connection between adjacent joint connectors 200). In one or more alternative embodiments, the service connection plate can be provided as part of the upper cover plate 120 and / or the lower cover plate 130.

[0334] Additionally, modular service connections provide service interconnection concurrently with building assembly, which can reduce or eliminate some of the work involved in interconnecting building services. Since this work is typically done on-site by workers (often skilled technicians), this also reduces costs. Furthermore, this can help complete buildings faster. Moreover, setting up modular service connections means that the quality of service connection work is less dependent on the skills of on-site personnel, or on their effectiveness in coordinating and monitoring service installation tasks.

[0335] Additionally, modular service connections can help track and / or verify the construction progress of a building. For example, once a volumetric module is placed, a portion of the entire construction can be considered complete (and verifiable). One or more signals can be transmitted, for example, from the service connection plate and / or other sensors pre-installed in the volumetric module (e.g., real-time video feeds or other data). This can help verify the completion, payment, and / or use of the modules while the remainder of the building structure is still under construction.

[0336] Additionally, setting up a module service connection allows power to be supplied to the volumetric module immediately after placement. This could, for example, allow the immediate operation of the power actuator 700 and / or critical building services such as smoke and fire detectors, communication systems, etc.

[0337] Alternatively or alternatively, setting up modular service connections can facilitate the transport and handling of volumetric modules without protruding parts, because one or more connecting plates with suitable mating features are placed in the upper or lower receiving holes of the volumetric module frame before the module frame is placed in the building structure.

[0338] Figures 106 to 108 An exemplary embodiment of the lifting connector 1200 and the connection between the lifting connector 1200 and the upper connector 200 is shown.

[0339] In the example shown, the lifting connector 1200 includes a connector fixing end 1230, which is sized to be received by a slot 230 provided in the upper connector 200. The lifting connector 1200 is configured to be secured to the upper connector 200 using mechanical fasteners in a manner similar to attaching a fixing tab 330 to the upper connector 200.

[0340] The lifting connector 1200 also includes a hook 1250 for securing the lifting connector to one or more lifting cables or other lifting devices. It will be understood that any other suitable connector may be provided in place of the hook 1250 or other than the hook 1250.

[0341] The use of the lifting connector 1200 can have one or more advantages. For example, by providing suitable contact points on the upper surface of the volume module, the module can be raised and lowered to the appropriate position without the use of slings or other devices extending below the module, which can help to position the module in place as part of the building structure.

[0342] Furthermore, providing a detachable lifting connector 1200 can have one or more advantages. For example, this can allow the modular frame to be assembled and / or transported to the construction site without any features protruding upwards from the top of the modular frame, and the lifting connector 1200 can be installed immediately before the modular frame, which is part of the building structure, is raised and lowered into place.

[0343] Furthermore, the individual, removable lifting connector 1200 can be made of a material with desired mechanical properties (e.g., a metal alloy). Alternatively or additionally, the removable lifting connector 1200 may have a shape that differs from that of a permanent building connector (e.g., the downwardly projecting retaining tab 330 of the lower connector 300), such as: a more inclined tapering shape for ease of placement; an upper portion having a section angled to the vertical direction on one or more axes for easier alignment with upwardly arranged cables or slings connected to the lifting device; and one or more quick-release features (e.g., the removable lifting connector may be equipped with an expanding claw, a hook shape, an extendable and lockable ball or pin, or other features that facilitate its quick disassembly, such as compared to threaded fasteners).

[0344] Figures 109 to 111 An exemplary embodiment of a lifting device, generally designated 3000, is schematically shown. The lifting device 3000 includes a central body portion 3100, first and second longitudinal arms 320a and 3200b, first and second transverse body portions 3300a and 3300b, and first, second, third, and fourth transverse arms 340a, 3400b, 3400c, and 3400d.

[0345] In the example shown, the central body 3100 includes a crane connection member 3150 for securing the lifting equipment to the crane's lifting cable.

[0346] The first longitudinal arm 320a and the second longitudinal arm 3200b extend outward from opposite ends of the central body portion 3100. The central body portion 3100 also includes actuators 3210a and 3210b for selectively and independently moving the longitudinal arms 320a and 3200b between their respective retracted and extended positions.

[0347] The first and second lateral body portions 3300a and 3300b are disposed near the ends of the first and second longitudinal arms 320a and 3200b. Lateral arms 3400a and 3400b extend outward from opposite ends of the first lateral body portion 3300a, and lateral arms 3400c and 3400d extend outward from opposite ends of the second lateral body portion 3300b. Each of the lateral body portions 3300a and 3300b includes an actuator for selectively and independently moving the lateral arms 320a, 3200b, 3200c, and 3200d between their respective retracted and extended positions.

[0348] The lifting connectors 3600a, 3600b, 3600c, and 3600d are positioned close to the ends of the transverse arms 3400a, 3400b, 3400c, and 3400d, respectively. For example... Figure 110As shown, each lifting connector 3600 includes a connector fixing end 3630, which is sized to be received by a slot 230 provided in the upper connector 200. The lifting connector 3600 is configured to be secured to the upper connector 200 by means of mechanical fasteners and in a similar manner to the connection of the fixing tab 330 to the upper connector 200.

[0349] In a preferred embodiment, each pair of lateral arms can be selectively adjusted between a width of 8 feet and 13.5 feet (measured between lifting connectors at the ends of the lateral arms), and the longitudinal arm can be selectively adjusted between a length of 24 feet and 32 feet (measured between lifting connectors at the ends of the lateral arms).

[0350] In use, the lifting device 3000 can be secured to the lifting cable of the crane (via the crane connecting member 3150). The lifting device 3000 can also be connected to the volume module by aligning the lifting connectors 3600a, 3600b, 3600c, and 3600d with the upper connector 200, inserting the connecting fixing end 3630 into the slot 230, and securing each connection with mechanical fasteners. To align each of the lifting connectors 3600 with the slot 230, the longitudinal arms 3200a, 3200b and / or the transverse arms 3400a, 3400b, 3400c, and 3400d can be appropriately extended or retracted.

[0351] Furthermore, once the lifting device 3000 is connected to the volume module, the longitudinal arms 3200a, 3200b and / or the transverse arms 3400a, 3400b, 3400c and 3400d can be extended or retracted to position the crane connecting member 3150 relative to the center of gravity of the volume module. For example, when the crane connecting member 3150 is horizontally aligned with the center of gravity of the connected volume module, the module can be expected to remain approximately horizontal. If the crane connecting member 3150 shifts horizontally from the center of gravity of the module, then depending on the direction and magnitude of the shift, the module can be expected to tilt and / or roll.

[0352] In some embodiments, the extension and / or retraction of the longitudinal and / or lateral booms can be controlled using a suitably programmed computing device to position the crane connecting members relative to the center of gravity of the volume module. For example, the positioning of the longitudinal and / or lateral booms can be based on predetermined information about the volume module and / or its contents (e.g., fittings, flooring, electrical appliances). Alternatively or additionally, one or more sensors can provide the computing device with real-time or near real-time feedback on the relative position and / or orientation of the volume module.

[0353] Controlling the lifting device 3000 to cause the tilting and / or tumbling of the lifted module can have one or more advantages. For example, when orienting the module toward its desired position on the building structure, it is desirable that one end or edge of the lower surface of the module contacts the building structure before the other end or edge of the module. As another example, in cases where the volumetric module has an eccentric center of gravity (e.g., due to the positioning of installation features such as kitchens, balconies, utilities, etc.), the lifting device 3000 can be adjusted to provide appropriate compensation.

[0354] The lifting device 3000 may also include one or more propulsion sources 3500, such as fans or compressed gas sources. In use, the propulsion sources can be selectively actuated (e.g., a fan can be turned on, or a valve can be opened to release compressed gas through a directional nozzle) to cause the suspended volume module to rotate about a deflection axis. One or more batteries or other power sources may be provided as part of the lifting device 3000 to power one or more propulsion sources 3500.

[0355] Controlling the lifting device 3000 to cause the lifted module to deflect can have one or more advantages. For example, when orienting the module toward its desired position on the building structure, it is desirable to orient the module relative to the building structure before contacting it.

[0356] Figures 113 to 117 Another exemplary embodiment of the lifting device 3000 is shown. In this example, the crane connection member 3150 includes a swing hook with a relatively low-friction bearing. The advantage of providing a crane connection capable of relatively free swing is that it provides less resistance to rotation of the central body 3100 relative to one or more lifting cables. This can improve deflection control of the lifted module and / or reduce the force output requirements of the propulsion source 3500.

[0357] exist Figures 113 to 117 In the example shown, the propulsion source 3500 includes a ducted fan. The advantage of using ducted fans is that they can generate a greater amount of thrust per unit power compared to non-ducted fans.

[0358] In some embodiments, the lifting device 3000 may include one or more sensors for assisting in controlling the position of the suspended volumetric module frame during lifting operations. For example, the module to be lifted may be provided with one or more visible markers that can be identified by one or more cameras to automatically determine the position and / or orientation of the suspended module during lifting operations. Alternatively or additionally, the module to be lifted may be provided with one or more visible markers that can be identified by one or more cameras to automatically adjust the longitudinal arm and / or lateral arm, thereby assisting in positioning the lifting connector 3600 to align with the slot 230.

[0359] In one or more alternative embodiments, the central body of the lifting device can be used with connectors suitable for other suspended loads, and the connectors are not specifically designed for lifting volumetric modules.

[0360] Alternatively or alternatively, the lifting device 300 may have only one transverse arm, or no transverse arm at the end of the longitudinal arm (with two or three suspension points), or multiple longitudinal arms and multiple transverse arms, which may be perpendicular or non-perpendicular to each other (with five or more suspension points), for example for nonlinear or nonorthogonal loads.

[0361] As used in this article, the phrasing “and / or” is intended to express a sense of inclusion—or. That is, for example, “X and / or Y” is intended to mean X or Y or both. As a further example, “X, Y and / or Z” is intended to mean X or Y or Z or any combination thereof.

[0362] It should be noted that degree terms such as “basically,” “approximately,” and “nearly” used in this article refer to a reasonable amount of deviation of the modified term such that the final result does not change significantly. For example, these degree terms can also be interpreted as including the deviation of the modified word, such as 1%, 2%, 5%, or 10%, if this deviation does not change the meaning of the modified term.

[0363] While features of exemplary embodiments have been described above, it will be understood that some features and / or functions of the described embodiments may be modified without departing from the spirit and operating principles. For example, various features described by way of the illustrated embodiments or examples may be selectively combined with each other. Therefore, the content described above is intended to illustrate the claimed concepts and not to limit them. Those skilled in the art will understand that other variations and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. The scope of the claims should not be limited to the preferred embodiments and examples, but should be given the broadest interpretation consistent with the entire specification.

Claims

1. A connection component for modular construction, the component comprising: At least one column, the at least one column having an upper end, a lower end, and a first column sidewall, a second column sidewall, a third column sidewall, and a fourth column sidewall, the first column sidewall, the second column sidewall, the third column sidewall, and the fourth column sidewall extending between the upper end and the lower end. The fourth column sidewall defines a longitudinal gap therein, the longitudinal gap extending along the length of the fourth column sidewall; At least one upper connector is attached to the upper end of the at least one post, and each of the at least one upper connector includes: The upper end has a first edge, a second edge, a third edge, and a fourth edge, wherein the first edge overlaps the first column sidewall, the second edge overlaps the second column sidewall, the third edge overlaps the third column sidewall, and the fourth edge overlaps the fourth column sidewall. The upper end has a flat upper surface, a recessed surface, and at least one connector sidewall extending between the upper surface and the recessed surface. The recessed surface and the at least one connector sidewall define a continuous recessed region in the upper end, the continuous recessed region extending to the second, third, and fourth edges of the upper end of the connector. The slot extends through the upper end near the inner surface of the first column sidewall, and The hole extends through the recessed surface; A first lateral connector, the first lateral connector extending substantially perpendicular to the sidewall of the first column near the upper end of the at least one column; and The second lateral connector extends approximately perpendicular to one of the column sidewalls, near the upper end of the at least one column. The transverse hole extends through the sidewall of the first column, the transverse hole is close to and aligned with the slot, and the slot extends through the interior of the column and is configured to receive a fixing tab, so as to fix the upper connector to the lower connector of the upper column by positioning a fixing bolt through the transverse hole in the sidewall of the first column and the transverse hole in the fixing tab.

2. The connecting assembly of claim 1, wherein the at least one column comprises an open-section steel formed by bending and / or rolling.

3. The connecting assembly of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein at least one sidewall of the slot tapers inward.

4. The connecting assembly of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein a portion of the inner surface of the first column sidewall near the slot is angled.

5. The connection assembly as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein at least a portion of the sidewall of the at least one connector tapers inward.

6. The connection assembly as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 further includes at least one reinforcing plate positioned between opposing column sidewalls, substantially perpendicular to the upper end of the upper connector and close to the lower end of the first lateral connector.

7. The connection assembly as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the upper end of the at least one upper connector, the first lateral connector, and the second lateral connector are integrally formed.

8. The connection component as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, further comprising: An electric actuator configured to drive a retaining bolt through the transverse hole and through a corresponding transverse hole in a retaining tab, the retaining tab extending from the lower connector and through the slot.

9. The connection assembly of claim 8, wherein the actuator is at least one of a linear actuator and a rotary actuator.

10. The connection component as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein: The at least one column includes a first column and a second column; The at least one upper connector includes a first upper connector and a second upper connector, wherein the first upper connector is connected to the upper end of the first post, and wherein the second upper connector is connected to the upper end of the second post; and further includes: A lateral connecting member is provided for fixing a first upper connector and a second upper connector in a fixed orientation. The lateral connecting member includes a generally planar body having an upper surface, a lower surface, and an outer peripheral surface extending from the upper surface to the lower surface. The first portion of the lateral connecting member is sized to be disposed within the recessed area of ​​the first upper connector member, wherein the first portion of the outer peripheral surface abuts against at least one connector sidewall of the first upper connector member, and wherein the upper surface of the first portion of the lateral connecting member is flush with or recessed relative to the upper surface of the upper end of the first upper connector member. The second portion of the lateral connecting member is sized to be disposed within the recessed area of ​​the second upper connector member, wherein the second portion of the outer peripheral surface abuts against at least one connector sidewall of the second upper connector member, and wherein the upper surface of the second portion of the lateral connecting member is flush with or recessed relative to the upper surface of the upper end of the second upper connector member.

11. The connection component of claim 10, wherein: The at least one column also includes a third column. The at least one upper connector further includes a third upper connector that is connected to the upper end of the third post. Furthermore, the third portion of the lateral connecting member is sized to be disposed within the recessed area of ​​the third upper connector, wherein the third portion of the outer peripheral surface abuts against at least one connector sidewall of the third upper connector, and wherein the upper surface of the third portion of the lateral connecting member is flush with or recessed relative to the upper surface of the upper end of the third upper connector.

12. The connection component of claim 11, wherein: The at least one column also includes a fourth column. The at least one upper connector further includes a fourth upper connector that is connected to the upper end of the fourth post. Furthermore, the fourth portion of the lateral connecting member is sized to be disposed within the recessed area of ​​the fourth upper connector member, wherein the fourth portion of the outer peripheral surface abuts against at least one connector sidewall of the fourth upper connector member, and wherein the upper surface of the fourth portion of the lateral connecting member is flush with or recessed relative to the upper surface of the upper end of the fourth upper connector member.

13. The connection component as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, further comprising: An upper column has an upper end, a lower end, and a first column sidewall, a second column sidewall, a third column sidewall, and a fourth column sidewall, which extend between the upper end and the lower end. The fourth column sidewall defines a longitudinal gap therein, the longitudinal gap extending along the length of the fourth column sidewall; A lower connector, which is connected to the lower end of the upper column, includes: The lower end has a first edge, a second edge, a third edge, and a fourth edge, wherein the first edge overlaps the first column sidewall of the upper column, the second edge overlaps the second column sidewall of the upper column, the third edge overlaps the third column sidewall of the upper column, and the fourth edge overlaps the fourth column sidewall of the upper column. The lower end has a flat lower surface and a fixing tab, the fixing tab protruding downward from the lower end, and the fixing tab has a transverse hole; and A fixing bolt is used to fix one of the at least one upper connector and the lower connector in a fixed orientation. Wherein, when the fixing tab of the lower connector is received in the slot of one of the at least one upper connectors, and the lower surface of the lower end of the lower connector abuts against the upper surface of the upper end of the one of the at least one upper connectors, the fixing bolt is positioned in a transverse hole extending through the sidewall of the first column and through the transverse hole of the fixing tab, such that the one of the at least one upper connectors and the lower connector are fixed to each other in a fixed orientation.

14. The connection assembly of claim 13, wherein the retaining tab is mechanically coupled to the lower connector connector.

15. A connection component for modular construction, the component comprising: An upper connector is attached to the upper end of a column, the column having a column sidewall, and the upper connector includes: The upper end has a first edge, a second edge, a third edge and a fourth edge; and a flat upper surface; The slot extends through the upper end near the inner surface of the column sidewall, and extends through the interior of the column to receive a retaining tab extending from the lower connector. The transverse hole extends through the sidewall of the column, the transverse hole being close to and aligned with the slot; and At least one lateral connector, the at least one lateral connector extending substantially perpendicular to the sidewall of the column near its upper end; and A power actuator configured to drive a retaining bolt through the transverse hole and through a corresponding transverse hole in the retaining tab when the retaining tab is received in the slot.

16. The connection assembly of claim 15, wherein the actuator is at least one of a linear actuator and a rotary actuator.

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