A method for determining a non-linear characteristic parameter of a power amplifier and related apparatus

Abstract

The application provides a method and related device for determining a power amplifier nonlinear characteristic parameter. The method comprises: receiving a first reference signal and a second reference signal from a network device on at least one first frequency band, the first reference signal corresponding to a first transmission power, the second reference signal corresponding to a second transmission power, the first transmission power being less than a first threshold, the second transmission power being greater than or equal to the first threshold, and the at least one first frequency band being a frequency band supported by a terminal for post-distortion processing; and determining a power amplifier nonlinear characteristic parameter on the at least one first frequency band according to the first reference signal and the second reference signal. The accuracy of determining the power amplifier nonlinear characteristic parameter can be improved by the technical solution provided in the application, thereby reducing the EVM within the bandwidth of a received signal and the interference of adjacent frequency signals outside the bandwidth, improving the demodulation performance of a receiving end, and improving the peak rate of a communication system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular to a method and related apparatus for determining the nonlinear characteristic parameters of a power amplifier (PA). Background Technology

[0002] In wireless communication systems, power amplifiers convert input signals into higher-power output signals. When the input signal power is low or within a certain range, the output signal power changes linearly with the input signal power. However, due to the nonlinear characteristics of certain components in the power amplifier, when the input signal power is high or exceeds a certain range, the output signal power no longer increases linearly, and phase distortion occurs. In typical digital communication systems, such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) / 5G new radio access technology using technologies like Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM), the nonlinear distortion of the power amplifier leads to an increase in the error vector magnitude (EVM) within the transmit signal bandwidth and spectral leakage outside the bandwidth. At the receiver, high EVM and spectral leakage outside the bandwidth cause inter-symbol interference (ISI) and affect the demodulation performance of higher-order modulated signals, reducing the peak rate of the communication system. Therefore, improving the accuracy of determining the nonlinear characteristic parameters in the power amplifier model is a pressing issue. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a method and related apparatus for determining the nonlinear characteristic parameters of a power amplifier, which can improve the accuracy of determining the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier, reduce the interference of the in-band EVM and out-of-band EVM of the received signal on adjacent channel signals, improve the demodulation performance of the receiver, and thus improve the peak rate of the communication system.

[0004] Firstly, this application provides a method for determining the nonlinear characteristic parameters of a power amplifier. This method can be applied to a terminal or a module (e.g., a chip) within the terminal. The following description uses a terminal application as an example. The method may include: the terminal receiving a first reference signal and a second reference signal from a network device in at least one first frequency band, where the first reference signal corresponds to a first transmit power, the second reference signal corresponds to a second transmit power, the first transmit power is less than a first threshold, and the second transmit power is greater than or equal to the first threshold. The at least one first frequency band belongs to a first frequency band set, and the at least one first frequency band is a frequency band that the terminal supports post-distortion processing. The terminal determines the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in the at least one first frequency band based on the first reference signal and the second reference signal.

[0005] In the solution provided in this application, the terminal can use two reference signals with different transmission powers to determine the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier on the network device side in at least one first frequency band. Unlike the prior art, which uses only one reference signal to estimate the nonlinear characteristics and the channel simultaneously, this embodiment decouples the channel estimation and the nonlinear characteristic estimation, thus ensuring the accuracy of the channel estimation and improving the accuracy of the nonlinear characteristic estimation. Furthermore, the terminal can use the estimated nonlinear characteristics to better compensate for the distortion of the received signal, thereby improving demodulation performance and increasing the system throughput.

[0006] In one possible implementation, the first threshold is a power threshold value of the input signal that causes distortion of the power amplifier's output signal.

[0007] In the solution provided in this application, the first threshold can be a power threshold value of the input signal that causes distortion of the power amplifier's output signal; this power threshold value can also be understood as a critical value. When the power of the input signal is less than the first threshold, the power of the output signal changes linearly with the change in the input signal power. When the power of the input signal is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the power of the output signal no longer changes linearly; in other words, when the power of the input signal is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the output signal is distorted. The terminal device uses an undistorted reference signal for channel estimation and a distorted reference signal for nonlinear characteristic estimation to obtain more accurate nonlinear characteristic parameters. This solution can improve the accuracy of determining the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier while ensuring the accuracy of channel estimation.

[0008] In one possible implementation, determining the power amplifier nonlinear characteristic parameters in the at least one first frequency band based on the first reference signal and the second reference signal includes: determining channel state information based on the first reference signal; and determining the power amplifier nonlinear characteristic parameters in the at least one first frequency band based on the channel state information and the second reference signal.

[0009] In the solution provided in this application, the terminal can first perform channel estimation based on a first reference signal to obtain channel state information, and then determine at least one nonlinear characteristic parameter of the power amplifier in a first frequency band based on the channel state information and a second reference signal. This approach, by first performing channel estimation based on the first reference signal, obtains accurate channel state information. Then, by determining the nonlinear characteristic parameter of the power amplifier based on the accurate channel state information and the second reference signal, the accuracy of determining the nonlinear characteristic parameter of the power amplifier can be improved.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the second reference signal has a different modulation scheme than the first reference signal.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the second reference signal occupies different time-domain resources than the first reference signal.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the OFDM symbols occupied by the first reference signal and the OFDM symbols occupied by the second reference signal are spaced N, where N is a non-zero integer.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the method further includes: the terminal receiving first indication information from the network device, the first indication information being used to instruct the terminal to determine nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in at least one first frequency band.

[0014] In the solution provided in this application, the terminal determines whether to determine at least one nonlinear characteristic parameter of the power amplifier in a first frequency band based on a first reference signal and a second reference signal, depending on whether it receives information instructing the determination of the nonlinear characteristic parameter of the power amplifier. This avoids the terminal constantly performing the action of determining at least one nonlinear characteristic parameter of the power amplifier in a first frequency band based on the first reference signal and the second reference signal, improving communication flexibility and saving terminal overhead.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the method further includes: the terminal reporting the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier to the network device.

[0016] In one possible implementation, the method further includes: the terminal receiving a second signal from the network device, the second signal being a signal obtained by the network device through pre-distortion processing of the first signal based on the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier.

[0017] In the solution provided in this application, after the terminal reports the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier to the network device, if the network device wants to send a signal to the terminal in at least one first frequency band, it can first perform pre-distortion processing on the transmitted signal according to the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier, and then send the pre-distorted signal to the terminal. In this way, the signal received by the terminal is an undistorted signal, which improves demodulation performance and reduces the complexity of signal processing by the terminal.

[0018] In one possible implementation, the method further includes: the terminal receiving a third signal from the network device; and performing post-distortion processing on the third signal according to the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier to obtain a fourth signal.

[0019] In the solution provided in this application, after the terminal determines the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in at least one first frequency band, it can perform post-distortion processing on the signals (such as third signals) transmitted by the network device in at least one first frequency band, that is, perform distortion compensation on the signals. After the signal distortion compensation, the terminal can continue to demodulate the compensated signal, which can improve demodulation performance.

[0020] In one possible implementation, the method further includes: receiving second indication information from the network device, the second indication information being used to instruct the terminal to perform post-distortion processing on the third signal.

[0021] In the solution provided in this application, after the terminal determines the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in at least one first frequency band, it can perform post-distortion processing on the signal transmitted by the network device in that frequency band, i.e., perform distortion compensation on the signal. Alternatively, it can choose not to perform distortion compensation on the signal. In this case, the network device can send a second instruction to the terminal, instructing the terminal to perform post-distortion processing on the received signal in at least one first frequency band. The terminal will only perform the distortion compensation operation on the received signal after receiving the second instruction. The terminal performs post-distortion processing on the signal according to the instruction information from the network device, rather than continuously performing post-distortion processing on the signal, enabling the terminal to perform post-distortion processing according to actual transmission needs and reducing the terminal's overhead.

[0022] In one possible implementation, determining the power amplifier nonlinear characteristic parameters in the at least one first frequency band based on the first reference signal and the second reference signal includes: determining the power amplifier nonlinear characteristic parameters in the at least one first frequency band based on the first reference signal, the second reference signal, the maximum distortion order of the terminal and / or the maximum delay supported by the terminal, and the power amplifier model.

[0023] In the solution provided in this application, the terminal can determine at least one power amplifier nonlinear characteristic parameter in a first frequency band based on a first reference signal, a second reference signal, the terminal's maximum distortion order, and a power amplifier model; or, the terminal can determine at least one power amplifier nonlinear characteristic parameter in a first frequency band based on a first reference signal, a second reference signal, the terminal's maximum supported delay, and a power amplifier model; or, the terminal can determine at least one power amplifier nonlinear characteristic parameter in a first frequency band based on a first reference signal, a second reference signal, the terminal's maximum distortion order, the terminal's maximum supported delay, and a power amplifier model.

[0024] In one possible implementation, the method further includes: reporting the first frequency band set, the maximum distortion order of the terminal, and / or the maximum latency supported by the terminal to the network device.

[0025] In the solution provided in this application, the terminal can first determine whether post-distortion processing is required for each frequency band according to predefined criteria, and then report a set of first frequency bands that include at least one first frequency band supporting post-distortion processing. Since power amplifier models are divided into memoryless power amplifier models and power amplifier models with memory, and different types of power amplifier models include different parameters, the terminal can report at least one of its maximum distortion order and the maximum delay it supports, thereby enabling the determination of power amplifier nonlinear characteristic parameters based on different types of power amplifier models.

[0026] Secondly, this application provides a method for determining the nonlinear characteristic parameters of a power amplifier. This method can be applied to network devices or modules (e.g., chips) within network devices. The following description uses an application to a network device as an example. The method may include: the network device transmitting a first reference signal and a second reference signal to a terminal in at least one first frequency band. The first reference signal corresponds to a first transmission power, and the second reference signal corresponds to a second transmission power. The first transmission power is less than a first threshold, and the second transmission power is greater than or equal to the first threshold. The at least one first frequency band belongs to a set of first frequency bands, and the at least one first frequency band is a frequency band that the terminal supports post-distortion processing.

[0027] In the solution provided in this application, the network device transmits a first reference signal to the terminal using a first transmission power and a second reference signal using a second transmission power on at least one first frequency band supported by the terminal for distortion processing. The first transmission power is less than a first threshold, and the second transmission power is greater than or equal to the first threshold. The terminal can use the two reference signals with different transmission powers to determine the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier on at least one first frequency band. Unlike the prior art, which uses only one reference signal to estimate the nonlinear characteristics and the channel simultaneously, this application uses a first reference signal for channel estimation and a second reference signal for nonlinear characteristic estimation. By decoupling the channel estimation and nonlinear characteristic estimation, not only can the accuracy of the channel estimation be guaranteed, but the accuracy of the nonlinear characteristic estimation can also be improved. The receiving end can use the estimated nonlinear characteristics to better compensate for the distortion of the received signal, thereby improving demodulation performance and increasing the system throughput.

[0028] It should be understood that the implementing entity of the second aspect is the network device, and the specific content of the second aspect corresponds to the content of the first aspect. The corresponding characteristics of the second aspect and the beneficial effects achieved can be referred to the description of the first aspect. To avoid repetition, detailed descriptions are appropriately omitted here.

[0029] In one possible implementation, the first threshold is a power threshold value of the input signal that causes distortion of the power amplifier's output signal.

[0030] In one possible implementation, the second reference signal has a different modulation scheme than the first reference signal.

[0031] In one possible implementation, the second reference signal occupies different time-domain resources than the first reference signal.

[0032] In one possible implementation, the method further includes: sending first indication information to the terminal, the first indication information being used to instruct the terminal to determine power amplifier nonlinear characteristic parameters on at least one first frequency band.

[0033] In one possible implementation, the method further includes receiving the power amplifier nonlinear characteristic parameters from the terminal.

[0034] In one possible implementation, the method further includes: performing pre-distortion processing on the first signal according to the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier to obtain a second signal; and sending the second signal to the terminal.

[0035] In one possible implementation, the method further includes sending a third signal to the terminal.

[0036] In one possible implementation, the method further includes: sending a second indication message to the terminal, the second indication message being used to instruct the terminal to perform post-distortion processing on the third signal.

[0037] In one possible implementation, the method further includes: receiving the first set of frequency bands from the terminal, the maximum distortion order of the terminal, and / or the maximum delay supported by the terminal.

[0038] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a method for determining the nonlinear characteristic parameters of a power amplifier. This method can be applied to a terminal or to a module (e.g., a chip) within the terminal. The following description uses a terminal application as an example. The method may include: transmitting a first reference signal and a second reference signal to a network device on at least one first frequency band. The first reference signal corresponds to a first transmission power, and the second reference signal corresponds to a second transmission power. The first transmission power is less than a first threshold, and the second transmission power is greater than or equal to the first threshold. The at least one first frequency band belongs to a set of first frequency bands, and the at least one first frequency band is a frequency band that the terminal supports post-distortion processing.

[0039] In the solution provided in this application, the terminal transmits a first reference signal to the network device using a first transmission power and a second reference signal using a second transmission power on at least one first frequency band supporting post-distortion processing. The first transmission power is less than a first threshold, and the second transmission power is greater than or equal to the first threshold. The network device can use the two reference signals with different transmission powers to determine the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier on the terminal side in at least one first frequency band. Unlike the prior art, which uses only one reference signal to estimate nonlinear characteristics and the channel simultaneously, this embodiment uses a first reference signal for channel estimation and a second reference signal for nonlinear characteristic estimation. By decoupling the channel estimation and nonlinear characteristic estimation, not only can the accuracy of the channel estimation be guaranteed, but the accuracy of the nonlinear characteristic estimation can also be improved. The receiving end can use the estimated nonlinear characteristics to better compensate for the distortion of the received signal, thereby improving demodulation performance and increasing the system throughput.

[0040] In one possible implementation, the first threshold is a power threshold value of the input signal that causes distortion of the power amplifier's output signal.

[0041] In the solution provided in this application, the first threshold can be a power threshold value of the input signal that causes distortion of the power amplifier's output signal; this power threshold value can also be understood as a critical value. When the power of the input signal is less than the first threshold, the power of the output signal changes linearly with the change in the input signal power. When the power of the input signal is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the power of the output signal no longer changes linearly; in other words, when the power of the input signal is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the output signal is distorted. The network device performs channel estimation using an undistorted reference signal and nonlinear characteristic estimation using a distorted reference signal. This solution can improve the accuracy of determining the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier while ensuring the accuracy of channel estimation.

[0042] In one possible implementation, the second reference signal has a different modulation scheme than the first reference signal.

[0043] In one possible implementation, the second reference signal occupies different time-domain resources than the first reference signal.

[0044] In one possible implementation, the OFDM symbols occupied by the first reference signal and the OFDM symbols occupied by the second reference signal are spaced N, where N is a non-zero integer.

[0045] In one possible implementation, the method further includes sending a third indication message to the network device, the third indication message being used to instruct the network device to determine power amplifier nonlinear characteristic parameters in the at least one first frequency band.

[0046] In the solution provided in this application, the terminal can first send a third indication message to the network device, instructing the network device to determine the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in the frequency band supported by the terminal for post-distortion processing. After receiving the third indication message, the network device determines at least one nonlinear characteristic parameter of the power amplifier in the first frequency band based on the first reference signal and the second reference signal. Optionally, if the network device does not receive the third indication message reported by the terminal, it can also determine the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier itself when it receives the first reference signal and the second reference signal.

[0047] In one possible implementation, the method further includes: receiving fourth indication information from the network device, the fourth indication information being used to indicate the transmission power difference between the first reference signal and the second reference signal.

[0048] In the solution provided in this application, the network device can configure the terminal to send the transmission power difference between the first reference signal and the second reference signal through higher-layer signaling, so that the first transmission power is less than the first threshold and the second transmission power is greater than or equal to the first threshold.

[0049] In one possible implementation, the method further includes receiving the power amplifier nonlinear characteristic parameters from the network device.

[0050] In the solution provided in this application, after the network device determines at least one nonlinear characteristic parameter of the power amplifier in the first frequency band, it can perform post-distortion processing on the received signal through the nonlinear characteristic parameter of the power amplifier, or it can send the nonlinear characteristic parameter of the power amplifier to the terminal so that the terminal performs pre-distortion processing on the transmitted signal.

[0051] In one possible implementation, the method further includes: pre-distorting the fifth signal according to the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier to obtain a sixth signal; and sending the sixth signal to the network device.

[0052] In the solution provided in this application, after the terminal receives the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier from the network device, if the terminal wants to send a signal to the network device in at least one first frequency band, it can first perform pre-distortion processing on the transmitted signal according to the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier, and then send the pre-distorted signal to the network device. In this way, the signal received by the network device is an undistorted signal, improving demodulation performance.

[0053] In one possible implementation, the method further includes sending a seventh signal to the network device.

[0054] In one possible implementation, the method further includes sending a fifth indication message to the network device, the fifth indication message being used to instruct the network device to perform post-distortion processing on the seventh signal.

[0055] In the solution provided in this application, after the network device determines the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in at least one first frequency band, it can perform post-distortion processing on the signal transmitted by the terminal in that frequency band, i.e., perform distortion compensation on the signal. Alternatively, it can choose not to perform distortion compensation on the signal. In this case, the terminal can send a fifth indication message to the network device, instructing the network device to perform post-distortion processing on the received signal in at least one first frequency band. The network device will only perform the distortion compensation operation on the received signal after receiving the fifth indication message.

[0056] In one possible implementation, the method further includes: reporting the first frequency band set to the network device.

[0057] In the solution provided in this application, the terminal can first determine whether each frequency band has undergone post-distortion processing according to predefined criteria, and then report the set of first frequency bands that includes at least one first frequency band that supports post-distortion processing.

[0058] Fourthly, this application provides a method for determining the nonlinear characteristic parameters of a power amplifier. This method can be applied to network devices or modules (e.g., chips) within network devices. The following description uses an application to a network device as an example. The method may include: receiving a first reference signal and a second reference signal from a terminal in at least one first frequency band, where the first reference signal corresponds to a first transmit power, the second reference signal corresponds to a second transmit power, the first transmit power is less than a first threshold, and the second transmit power is greater than or equal to the first threshold. The at least one first frequency band belongs to a set of first frequency bands, and the at least one first frequency band is a frequency band that the terminal supports post-distortion processing; determining the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in the at least one first frequency band based on the first reference signal and the second reference signal.

[0059] In the solution provided in this application, the terminal transmits a first reference signal to the terminal using a first transmission power and a second reference signal to the terminal using a second transmission power on at least one first frequency band supporting post-distortion processing. The first transmission power is less than a first threshold, and the second transmission power is greater than or equal to the first threshold. The network device can use the two reference signals with different transmission powers to determine the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier on the terminal side of at least one first frequency band. Unlike the prior art, which uses only one reference signal to estimate the nonlinear characteristics and the channel simultaneously, in this embodiment, the first reference signal is used for channel estimation, and the second reference signal is used for nonlinear characteristic estimation. By decoupling the channel estimation and nonlinear characteristic estimation, not only can the accuracy of the channel estimation be guaranteed, but the accuracy of the nonlinear characteristic estimation can also be improved. The receiving end can use the estimated nonlinear characteristics to better compensate for the distortion of the received signal, thereby improving demodulation performance and increasing the system throughput.

[0060] It should be understood that the implementing entity of the fourth aspect is the network device, and the specific content of the fourth aspect corresponds to the content of the third aspect. The corresponding characteristics of the fourth aspect and the beneficial effects achieved can be referred to the description of the third aspect. To avoid repetition, detailed descriptions are appropriately omitted here.

[0061] In one possible implementation, the first threshold is a power threshold value of the input signal that causes distortion of the power amplifier's output signal.

[0062] In one possible implementation, determining the power amplifier nonlinear characteristic parameters in the at least one first frequency band based on the first reference signal and the second reference signal includes: determining channel state information based on the first reference signal; and determining the power amplifier nonlinear characteristic parameters in the at least one first frequency band based on the channel state information and the second reference signal.

[0063] In the solution provided in this application, the network device determines at least one nonlinear characteristic parameter of a power amplifier in a first frequency band based on a first reference signal and a second reference signal. This can be achieved by first performing channel estimation based on the first reference signal and then determining the nonlinear characteristic parameter of the power amplifier based on the second reference signal; or by first determining the nonlinear characteristic parameter of the power amplifier based on the second reference signal and then performing channel estimation based on the first reference signal; or by simultaneously determining the nonlinear characteristic parameter of the power amplifier based on both the first and second reference signals. In practical applications, different implementation methods can be selected based on different algorithms. A preferred implementation method is to first perform channel estimation based on the first reference signal to obtain channel state information, and then determine at least one nonlinear characteristic parameter of the power amplifier in the first frequency band based on the channel state information and the second reference signal. This method ensures accurate channel state information obtained by first performing channel estimation based on the first reference signal, and then improves the accuracy of determining the nonlinear characteristic parameter of the power amplifier by using the accurate channel state information and the second reference signal.

[0064] In one possible implementation, the second reference signal has a different modulation scheme than the first reference signal.

[0065] In one possible implementation, the second reference signal occupies different time-domain resources than the first reference signal.

[0066] In one possible implementation, the method further includes: receiving third indication information from the terminal, the third indication information being used to instruct the network device to determine power amplifier nonlinear characteristic parameters in at least one first frequency band.

[0067] In one possible implementation, the method further includes sending fourth indication information to the terminal, the fourth indication information being used to indicate the transmission power difference between the first reference signal and the second reference signal.

[0068] In one possible implementation, the method further includes sending the power amplifier nonlinear characteristic parameters to the terminal.

[0069] In one possible implementation, the method further includes: receiving a sixth signal from the terminal, the sixth signal being a signal obtained by the terminal through pre-distortion processing of a fifth signal based on the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier.

[0070] In one possible implementation, the method further includes: receiving a seventh signal from the terminal; and performing post-distortion processing on the seventh signal according to the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier to obtain an eighth signal.

[0071] In one possible implementation, the method further includes: receiving fifth indication information from the terminal, the fifth indication information being used to instruct the network device to perform post-distortion processing on the seventh signal.

[0072] In one possible implementation, determining the power amplifier nonlinear characteristic parameters in the at least one first frequency band based on the first reference signal and the second reference signal includes: determining the power amplifier nonlinear characteristic parameters in the at least one first frequency band based on the first reference signal, the second reference signal, the maximum distortion order of the terminal and / or the maximum delay supported by the terminal, and the power amplifier model.

[0073] In the solution provided in this application, the network device can determine at least one nonlinear characteristic parameter of the power amplifier in a first frequency band based on the first reference signal, the second reference signal, the maximum distortion order of the terminal, and the power amplifier model; or, the network device can determine at least one nonlinear characteristic parameter of the power amplifier in a first frequency band based on the first reference signal, the second reference signal, the maximum delay supported by the terminal, and the power amplifier model.

[0074] In one possible implementation, the method further includes receiving a first set of frequency bands from the terminal.

[0075] Fifthly, embodiments of this application provide a communication device.

[0076] The beneficial effects can be found in the description of the first aspect, and will not be repeated here. The communication device has the function of implementing the behavior described in the method example of the first aspect. This function can be implemented by hardware or by hardware executing corresponding software. The hardware or software includes one or more modules corresponding to the above-described function.

[0077] In one possible implementation, the communication device includes:

[0078] A receiving unit is configured to receive a first reference signal and a second reference signal from a network device on at least one first frequency band, wherein the first reference signal corresponds to a first transmission power, the second reference signal corresponds to a second transmission power, the first transmission power is less than a first threshold, and the second transmission power is greater than or equal to the first threshold, wherein the at least one first frequency band belongs to a set of first frequency bands, and the at least one first frequency band is a frequency band that the terminal supports post-distortion processing.

[0079] The determining unit determines the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in the at least one first frequency band based on the first reference signal and the second reference signal.

[0080] In one possible implementation, the first threshold is a power threshold value of the input signal that causes distortion of the power amplifier's output signal.

[0081] In one possible implementation, the determining unit determines the power amplifier nonlinear characteristic parameters in the at least one first frequency band based on the first reference signal and the second reference signal, specifically for:

[0082] Determine the channel state information based on the first reference signal;

[0083] The nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in the at least one first frequency band are determined based on the channel state information and the second reference signal.

[0084] In one possible implementation, the second reference signal has a different modulation scheme than the first reference signal.

[0085] In one possible implementation, the second reference signal occupies different time-domain resources than the first reference signal.

[0086] In one possible implementation, the receiving unit is further configured to:

[0087] The terminal receives first indication information from the network device, the first indication information being used to instruct the terminal to determine the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in at least one first frequency band.

[0088] In one possible implementation, the device further includes:

[0089] The transmitting unit is used to report the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier to the network device.

[0090] In one possible implementation, the receiving unit is further configured to:

[0091] The network device receives a second signal, which is a signal obtained by the network device through pre-distortion processing of the first signal based on the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier.

[0092] In one possible implementation, the receiving unit is further configured to:

[0093] Receive a third signal from the network device;

[0094] The device further includes:

[0095] The processing unit is used to perform post-distortion processing on the third signal according to the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier to obtain a fourth signal.

[0096] In one possible implementation, the receiving unit is further configured to:

[0097] The terminal receives a second instruction from the network device, the second instruction being used to instruct the terminal to perform post-distortion processing on the third signal.

[0098] In one possible implementation, the determining unit determines the power amplifier nonlinear characteristic parameters in the at least one first frequency band based on the first reference signal and the second reference signal, specifically for:

[0099] Based on the first reference signal, the second reference signal, the maximum distortion order of the terminal and / or the maximum delay supported by the terminal, the power amplifier model determines the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in at least one first frequency band.

[0100] In one possible implementation, the sending unit is further configured to:

[0101] The network device reports the first frequency band set, the maximum distortion order of the terminal, and / or the maximum latency supported by the terminal.

[0102] Sixthly, embodiments of this application provide a communication device.

[0103] The beneficial effects can be found in the description of the second aspect, and will not be repeated here. The communication device has the function of implementing the behavior in the method example of the second aspect described above. This function can be implemented by hardware, or by hardware executing corresponding software. The hardware or software includes one or more modules corresponding to the above-described function.

[0104] In one possible implementation, the communication device includes: a transmitting unit, configured to transmit a first reference signal and a second reference signal to a terminal on at least one first frequency band, wherein the first reference signal corresponds to a first transmission power, the second reference signal corresponds to a second transmission power, the first transmission power is less than a first threshold, the second transmission power is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the at least one first frequency band belongs to a first frequency band set, and the at least one first frequency band is a frequency band that the terminal supports post-distortion processing.

[0105] In one possible implementation, the first threshold is a power threshold value of the input signal that causes distortion of the power amplifier's output signal.

[0106] In one possible implementation, the second reference signal has a different modulation scheme than the first reference signal.

[0107] In one possible implementation, the second reference signal occupies different time-domain resources than the first reference signal.

[0108] In one possible implementation, the sending unit is further configured to:

[0109] Send a first indication message to the terminal, the first indication message being used to instruct the terminal to determine the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in at least one first frequency band.

[0110] In one possible implementation, the device further includes:

[0111] A receiving unit is used to receive the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier from the terminal.

[0112] In one possible implementation, the device further includes:

[0113] The processing unit is used to perform pre-distortion processing on the first signal according to the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier to obtain the second signal;

[0114] The transmitting unit is further configured to: transmit the second signal to the terminal.

[0115] In one possible implementation, the sending unit is further configured to:

[0116] Send a third signal to the terminal.

[0117] In one possible implementation, the sending unit is further configured to:

[0118] A second instruction message is sent to the terminal, the second instruction message being used to instruct the terminal to perform post-distortion processing on the third signal.

[0119] In one possible implementation, the receiving unit is further configured to:

[0120] Receive the first set of frequency bands from the terminal, the maximum distortion order of the terminal, and / or the maximum delay supported by the terminal.

[0121] Seventhly, embodiments of this application provide a communication device.

[0122] The beneficial effects can be found in the description of the third aspect, and will not be repeated here. The communication device has the function of implementing the behavior described in the method example of the third aspect above. This function can be implemented by hardware or by hardware executing corresponding software. The hardware or software includes one or more modules corresponding to the above-described function.

[0123] In one possible implementation, the communication device includes:

[0124] A transmitting unit is configured to transmit a first reference signal and a second reference signal to a network device on at least one first frequency band, wherein the first reference signal corresponds to a first transmission power, the second reference signal corresponds to a second transmission power, the first transmission power is less than a first threshold, and the second transmission power is greater than or equal to the first threshold, wherein the at least one first frequency band belongs to a set of first frequency bands, and the at least one first frequency band is a frequency band that supports post-distortion processing by the terminal.

[0125] In one possible implementation, the first threshold is a power threshold value of the input signal that causes distortion of the power amplifier's output signal.

[0126] In one possible implementation, the second reference signal has a different modulation scheme than the first reference signal.

[0127] In one possible implementation, the second reference signal occupies different time-domain resources than the first reference signal.

[0128] In one possible implementation, the sending unit is further configured to:

[0129] Send a third instruction to the network device, the third instruction being used to instruct the network device to determine the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in the at least one first frequency band.

[0130] In one possible implementation, the device further includes:

[0131] A receiving unit is configured to receive fourth indication information from the network device, the fourth indication information being used to indicate the transmission power difference between the first reference signal and the second reference signal.

[0132] In one possible implementation, the receiving unit is further configured to:

[0133] Receive the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier from the network device.

[0134] In one possible implementation, the device further includes:

[0135] The processing unit is used to perform pre-distortion processing on the fifth signal according to the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier to obtain the sixth signal;

[0136] The transmitting unit is also used to transmit the sixth signal to the network device.

[0137] In one possible implementation, the sending unit is further configured to:

[0138] Send a seventh signal to the network device.

[0139] In one possible implementation, the sending unit is further configured to:

[0140] A fifth instruction message is sent to the network device, the fifth instruction message being used to instruct the network device to perform post-distortion processing on the seventh signal.

[0141] In one possible implementation, the sending unit is further configured to:

[0142] The first frequency band set is reported to the network device.

[0143] Eighthly, embodiments of this application provide a communication device.

[0144] The beneficial effects can be found in the description of aspect four, and will not be repeated here. The communication device has the function of implementing the behavior in the method example of aspect four above. This function can be implemented by hardware or by hardware executing corresponding software. The hardware or software includes one or more modules corresponding to the above functions.

[0145] In one possible implementation, the communication device includes:

[0146] A receiving unit is configured to receive a first reference signal and a second reference signal from a terminal on at least one first frequency band, wherein the first reference signal corresponds to a first transmission power, the second reference signal corresponds to a second transmission power, the first transmission power is less than a first threshold, the second transmission power is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the at least one first frequency band belongs to a set of first frequency bands, and the at least one first frequency band is a frequency band that the terminal supports post-distortion processing.

[0147] The determining unit is configured to determine the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in the at least one first frequency band based on the first reference signal and the second reference signal.

[0148] In one possible implementation, the first threshold is a power threshold value of the input signal that causes distortion of the power amplifier's output signal.

[0149] In one possible implementation, the determining unit determines the power amplifier nonlinear characteristic parameters in the at least one first frequency band based on the first reference signal and the second reference signal, specifically for:

[0150] Determine the channel state information based on the first reference signal;

[0151] The nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in the at least one first frequency band are determined based on the channel state information and the second reference signal.

[0152] In one possible implementation, the second reference signal has a different modulation scheme than the first reference signal.

[0153] In one possible implementation, the second reference signal occupies different time-domain resources than the first reference signal.

[0154] In one possible implementation, the receiving unit is further configured to:

[0155] The network device receives a third indication message from the terminal, the third indication message being used to instruct the network device to determine the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in the at least one first frequency band.

[0156] In one possible implementation, the device further includes:

[0157] The transmitting unit is configured to transmit fourth indication information to the terminal, the fourth indication information being used to indicate the transmission power difference between the first reference signal and the second reference signal.

[0158] In one possible implementation, the sending unit is further configured to:

[0159] The nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier are sent to the terminal.

[0160] In one possible implementation, the receiving unit is further configured to:

[0161] The terminal receives a sixth signal, which is a signal obtained by the terminal through pre-distortion processing of the fifth signal based on the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier.

[0162] In one possible implementation, the receiving unit is further configured to:

[0163] Receive a seventh signal from the terminal;

[0164] The device further includes:

[0165] The processing unit is used to perform post-distortion processing on the seventh signal according to the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier to obtain the eighth signal.

[0166] In one possible implementation, the receiving unit is further configured to:

[0167] The network device receives a fifth instruction from the terminal, the fifth instruction being used to instruct the network device to perform post-distortion processing on the seventh signal.

[0168] In one possible implementation, the determining unit determines the power amplifier nonlinear characteristic parameters in the at least one first frequency band based on the first reference signal and the second reference signal, specifically for:

[0169] Based on the first reference signal, the second reference signal, the maximum distortion order of the terminal and / or the maximum delay supported by the terminal, the power amplifier model determines the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in at least one first frequency band.

[0170] In one possible implementation, the receiving unit is further configured to:

[0171] Receive a first set of frequency bands from the terminal.

[0172] A ninth aspect provides a communication device, which can be a terminal or a module (e.g., a chip) within a terminal. The device may include a processor, a memory, an input interface, and an output interface. The input interface is used to receive information from other communication devices besides the communication device, and the output interface is used to output information to other communication devices besides the communication device. The processor invokes a computer program stored in the memory to execute a power amplifier nonlinear characteristic parameter determination method provided in the first aspect or any embodiment of the first aspect; or a power amplifier nonlinear characteristic parameter determination method provided in the third aspect or any embodiment of the third aspect.

[0173] In a tenth aspect, a communication device is provided, which may be a network device or a module (e.g., a chip) within a network device. The device may include a processor, a memory, an input interface, and an output interface. The input interface is used to receive information from other communication devices besides the communication device, and the output interface is used to output information to other communication devices besides the communication device. The processor invokes a computer program stored in the memory to execute a power amplifier nonlinear characteristic parameter determination method provided in the second aspect or any embodiment of the second aspect; or a power amplifier nonlinear characteristic parameter determination method provided in the fourth aspect or any embodiment of the fourth aspect.

[0174] In the eleventh aspect, this application provides a communication system comprising at least one terminal and at least one network device, wherein when at least one of the aforementioned terminal devices and at least one of the aforementioned network devices are operating in the communication system, the system is configured to perform any of the methods described in the first or second aspect above, or to perform any of the methods described in the third or fourth aspect above.

[0175] In a twelfth aspect, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions that, when the computer program or computer instructions are executed, cause the methods described in the first aspect and any possible implementation thereof, the second aspect and any possible implementation thereof, the third aspect and any possible implementation thereof, or the fourth aspect and any possible implementation thereof to be performed.

[0176] In a thirteenth aspect, this application provides a computer program product including executable instructions that, when the computer program product is run on a user device, cause the methods described in the first aspect and any possible implementation thereof, the second aspect and any possible implementation thereof, the third aspect and any possible implementation thereof, and the fourth aspect and any possible implementation thereof to be executed.

[0177] In a fourteenth aspect, this application provides a chip system including a processor and potentially a memory for implementing the methods of the first aspect and any possible implementation thereof, the second aspect and any possible implementation thereof, the third aspect and any possible implementation thereof, and the fourth aspect and any possible implementation thereof. The chip system may be composed of chips or may include chips and other discrete devices. Attached Figure Description

[0178] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below.

[0179] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a typical power amplifier model estimation algorithm provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0180] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a network architecture provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0181] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for determining nonlinear characteristic parameters of a power amplifier according to an embodiment of this application.

[0182] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the time-domain resource location of a first reference signal and a second reference signal provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0183] Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating another method for determining the nonlinear characteristic parameters of a power amplifier provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0184] Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating another method for determining the nonlinear characteristic parameters of a power amplifier provided in this application embodiment;

[0185] Figure 7This is a flowchart illustrating another method for determining the nonlinear characteristic parameters of a power amplifier provided in this application embodiment;

[0186] Figure 8 This is a flowchart illustrating another method for determining the nonlinear characteristic parameters of a power amplifier provided in this application embodiment;

[0187] Figure 9 This is a flowchart illustrating another method for determining the nonlinear characteristic parameters of a power amplifier provided in this application embodiment;

[0188] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0189] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of another communication device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0190] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another communication device provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0191] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another communication device provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0192] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another communication device provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0193] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a terminal provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0194] The embodiments of this application will now be described clearly and in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0195] The terminology used in the implementation section of this application is for the purpose of explaining specific embodiments of this application only, and is not intended to limit this application.

[0196] In wireless communication systems, power amplifiers are used to convert input signals into higher-power output signals. When the input signal power is low or within a certain range, the output signal power changes linearly with the input signal power. However, due to the nonlinear characteristics of certain components in the power amplifier, when the input signal power is high or exceeds a certain range, the output signal power no longer increases linearly, and phase distortion occurs. In typical digital communication systems, such as LTE / 5G NR using technologies like OFDM, the nonlinear distortion of the power amplifier leads to increased EVM within the transmit signal bandwidth and spectral leakage outside the bandwidth. At the receiver, high EVM and spectral leakage outside the bandwidth cause inter-symbol interference (ISI) and affect the demodulation performance of higher-order modulated signals, reducing the peak data rate of the communication system. Therefore, improving the accuracy of determining the nonlinear characteristic parameters in the power amplifier model is a pressing issue.

[0197] Power amplifier models are divided into memoryless power amplifier models and power amplifier models with memory. The specific formulas for the power amplifier model with memory are as follows:

[0198]

[0199] Where x(n) and y(n) are the input and output signals of the power amplifier at a certain moment, respectively, and the complex number α 2d-1,q The delay τ of the 2d-1 order nonlinear term in the power amplifier model q The values ​​after τ represent the maximum distortion order supported by the receiver and the maximum delay supported by the receiver. The memoryless power amplifier model is a special case of the memory-based model, i.e., Q = 0 and τ q =0. The specific formula for the memoryless power amplifier model is as follows:

[0200]

[0201] In summary, the power amplifier model is composed of all complex numbers α. 2d-1,q (Corresponding to a memory power amplifier model) or α 2d-1 (Corresponding to the memoryless power amplifier model) constitutes a polynomial acting on any input signal. Therefore, accurately determining the coefficients α in this polynomial is crucial for improving demodulation performance, whether the transmitter performs pre-distortion on the transmitted signal or the receiver performs post-distortion on the received signal. Although the coefficients α in the power amplifier model can be pre-configured for the receiver, considering the varying performance of power amplifiers from different batches and the real-time changes in the power amplifier model due to factors such as ambient temperature, real-time measurement is more accurate. Based on this, please refer to... Figure 1 , Figure 1This is a schematic diagram illustrating a typical power amplifier model estimation algorithm flow provided in an embodiment of this application. For example... Figure 1 As shown, The channel, x(n-τ), is estimated by the receiver using a reference signal (e.g., demodulation reference signal (DMRS) or sounding reference signal (SRS)) and the received signal Y. q )|x(n-τ q )| 2(d-1) To determine the maximum memory delay τ q The reference signal distortion is determined by the maximum nonlinear order 2(d-1). Therefore, the polynomial coefficients α in the power amplifier model can be estimated (e.g., using the least squares method).

[0202] For the receiver to estimate an accurate power amplifier model, the transmitter's reference signal must undergo sufficient distortion (e.g., by increasing the transmit power or selecting a sequence with a high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) to generate the reference signal). Furthermore, accurate estimation of the power amplifier model also depends on the accuracy of channel estimation; however, the less distortion the transmitted reference signal undergoes, the more accurate the estimated channel will be. Therefore, when a communication system uses the same reference signal to estimate both the power amplifier model and the channel, it is difficult to guarantee the accuracy of both estimations.

[0203] The technical problem to be solved by the embodiments of this application may include: estimating the power amplifier model using two reference signals with different transmission powers, namely, using the undistorted reference signal for channel estimation and using the distorted signal for nonlinear characteristic estimation. This not only ensures the accuracy of channel estimation but also improves the accuracy of nonlinear characteristic estimation, thereby improving the accuracy of the estimated power amplifier model. The receiver can use the estimated nonlinear characteristics to better compensate for the distortion of the received signal, reduce the interference of the in-band EVM and out-of-bandwidth EVM on adjacent channel signals, improve demodulation performance, and thus increase the peak rate of the communication system.

[0204] Based on the above, in order to better understand the method and related apparatus for determining the nonlinear characteristic parameters of a power amplifier proposed in this application, the network architecture used in the embodiments of this application will be described below.

[0205] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a network architecture provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0206] The technical solutions of this application embodiment can be applied to various communication systems, such as: Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) system, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system, Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) system, General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), LTE system, LTE Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) system, LTE Time Division Duplex (TDD) system, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) system, Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution (EDGE) system, and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) system. The technical solutions of this application embodiment can also be applied to other communication systems, such as public land mobile network (PLMN) systems, LTE-A (LTE-Advanced), 5G (5th generation), new radio (NR), machine-to-machine (M2M) systems, or other future evolution communication systems, etc., and this application embodiment does not limit them. The technical solutions provided by this application embodiment can also be applied to other communication systems, as long as there are entities in the communication system that can send control information and send (and / or receive) transport blocks, and other entities in the communication system that can receive control information and receive (and / or send) transport blocks.

[0207] like Figure 2 As shown, network devices and terminals 1 to 6 form a communication system. In this system, the network devices send control information and / or transport blocks to one or more terminals 1 to 6. Alternatively, terminals 4 to 6 can also form a communication system in which terminal 5 can send control information and / or transport blocks to one or more terminals 5 and 6.

[0208] In this application, the terminal is a user-side entity used to receive or transmit signals, such as user equipment, access terminal, user unit, user station, mobile station, mobile station, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, user terminal, terminal, wireless communication device, user agent, or user device. The terminal can also be a cellular phone, cordless phone, session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, wireless local loop (WLL) station, personal digital assistant (PDA), handheld device with wireless communication capabilities, computing device or other processing device connected to a wireless modem, vehicle-mounted device, wearable device, a terminal in a 5G network, or a terminal in a future public land mobile network (PLMN), etc. This application does not limit the scope of the terminal.

[0209] By way of example and not limitation, in this embodiment, the terminal can also be a wearable device. Wearable devices, also known as wearable smart devices, are a general term for devices that utilize wearable technology to intelligently design and develop everyday wearables, such as glasses, gloves, watches, clothing, and shoes. Wearable devices are portable devices that are worn directly on the body or integrated into the user's clothing or accessories. Wearable devices are not merely hardware devices, but also achieve powerful functions through software support, data interaction, and cloud interaction. Broadly speaking, wearable smart devices include those that are feature-rich, large in size, and can achieve complete or partial functions without relying on a smartphone, such as smartwatches or smart glasses, as well as those that focus on a specific type of application function and require the use of other devices such as smartphones, such as various smart bracelets and smart jewelry for vital sign monitoring.

[0210] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the terminal can also be a terminal in an Internet of Things (IoT) system. IoT is an important component of future information technology development, and its main technical characteristic is connecting objects to networks through communication technologies, thereby realizing an intelligent network of human-machine interconnection and object-to-object interconnection. In this embodiment, IoT technology can achieve massive connectivity, deep coverage, and terminal power saving through technologies such as narrowband (NB).

[0211] In addition, in this embodiment, the terminal may also include sensors such as smart printers, train detectors, and gas stations. Its main functions include collecting data (for some terminals), receiving control information and downlink data from network devices, and sending electromagnetic waves to transmit uplink data to network devices.

[0212] The network device in this application embodiment is an entity used to transmit or receive signals. It can be a device used to communicate with a terminal. The network device can be a base station (BTS) in a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) system or Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system, a base station (NodeB, NB) in a Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) system, an evolved base station (eNB or eNodeB) in an LTE system, or a radio controller in a cloud radio access network (CRAN) scenario. Alternatively, the network device can be a relay station, access point, vehicle-mounted equipment, wearable device, or a network device in a 5G network or a network device in a future evolved PLMN network, etc. The embodiments of this application are not limited to these.

[0213] The network device in this application embodiment can be a device in a wireless network, such as a radio access network (RAN) node that connects a terminal to the wireless network. Examples of RAN nodes include: base stations, next-generation base stations (gNBs), transmission reception points (TRPs), evolved Node Bs (eNBs), home base stations, baseband units (BBUs), or access points (APs) in a WiFi system. In a network architecture, the network device may include a centralized unit (CU) node, a distributed unit (DU) node, or a RAN device comprising both CU and DU nodes.

[0214] In this embodiment, the terminal or network device includes a hardware layer, an operating system layer running on top of the hardware layer, and an application layer running on top of the operating system layer. The hardware layer includes hardware such as a central processing unit (CPU), a memory management unit (MMU), and memory (also called main memory). The operating system can be any one or more computer operating systems that implement business processing through processes, such as Linux, Unix, Android, iOS, or Windows. The application layer includes applications such as browsers, address books, word processing software, and instant messaging software. Furthermore, this embodiment does not specifically limit the structure of the execution entity of the method provided in this embodiment, as long as it can communicate according to the method provided in this embodiment by running a program that records the code of the method provided in this embodiment. For example, the execution entity of the method provided in this embodiment can be a terminal or network device, or a functional module in the terminal or network device that can call and execute a program.

[0215] Furthermore, various aspects or features of this application can be implemented as methods, apparatus, or articles of manufacture using standard programming and / or engineering techniques. The term "article of manufacture" as used herein encompasses a computer program accessible from any computer-readable device, carrier, or medium. For example, computer-readable media may include, but are not limited to: magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disks, floppy disks, or magnetic tapes), optical discs (e.g., compact discs (CDs), digital versatile discs (DVDs), etc.), smart cards, and flash memory devices (e.g., erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROMs), cards, sticks, or key drives, etc.). Additionally, the various storage media described herein may represent one or more devices and / or other machine-readable media for storing information. The term "machine-readable medium" may include, but is not limited to, wireless channels and various other media capable of storing, containing, and / or carrying instructions and / or data.

[0216] It should be noted that, Figure 2 The number and types of terminals included in the network architecture shown are merely examples, and the embodiments of this application are not limited thereto. For example, it may also include more or fewer terminals communicating with network devices; for the sake of brevity, these are not described one by one in the accompanying drawings. Furthermore, in situations such as... Figure 2Although network devices and terminals are shown in the network architecture, the application scenario may not be limited to network devices and terminals. For example, it may also include core network nodes or devices used to carry virtualized network functions. These are obvious to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail here.

[0217] The following are definitions of technical terms that may appear in the embodiments of this application:

[0218] (1) Channel state information (CSI)

[0219] As a signal travels through a channel from the transmitter to the receiver, it may experience scattering, fading, and energy attenuation with distance. Channel state information (CSI) is used to characterize the channel. CSI may include at least one of the following: channel quality indicator (CQI), precoding matrix indicator (PMI), CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI), synchronization signal / physical bradcast channel block (SSB) resource indicator (SSBRI), layer indicator (LI), rank indicator (RI), L1-RSRP, and L1-SINR. This CSI information can be transmitted from the user equipment to the base station via PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0220] (2) Reference signal (RS)

[0221] A reference signal is a known signal provided by the transmitter to the receiver for channel estimation or channel sounding. In this application, the reference signal can be used for channel measurement, interference measurement, etc., such as measuring parameters like reference signal receiving quality (RSRQ), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), channel quality indicator (CQI), and precoding matrix indicator (PMI).

[0222] (3) Demodulation reference signal DMRS

[0223] DMRS is a sequence known to both the transmitter and receiver, mapped onto time-frequency resources with known locations. For uplink transmission, the transmitter uses the same precoding and antenna ports as the uplink signal to send the DMRS. Since the DMRS and the uplink signal experience the same fading channel, the receiver can estimate the equivalent fading channel experienced by the uplink signal based on the received DMRS signal and the known DMRS sequence. Based on the estimated equivalent channel state information, the receiver can demodulate the uplink data. Downlink transmission is similar to uplink transmission and will not be described further here.

[0224] (4) Phase-tracking reference signal (PTRS)

[0225] Transmitter phase noise increases with operating frequency. Phase-to-Synchronous Resonance (PTRS) plays a crucial role, especially at millimeter-wave frequencies, to minimize the impact of oscillator phase noise on system performance. One of the main problems introduced by phase noise into OFDM signals is the common phase rotation of all subcarriers, known as common phase error. The primary function of PTRS is to track the phase of the local oscillators of both the transmitter and receiver. PTRS can suppress phase noise and common phase error, particularly at higher millimeter-wave frequencies, and is present in both uplink and downlink channels.

[0226] (5) Frequency band

[0227] A frequency band, also known as a frequency range or operating band, includes uplink and downlink operating bands. The uplink / downlink operating band is a continuous frequency range determined by the minimum and maximum frequencies of the uplink / downlink operating bands.

[0228] (6) Distortion

[0229] In wireless communication systems, when the input signal power of a power amplifier is low or within a certain range, the output signal power changes linearly with the input signal power. However, when the input signal power is high or exceeds a certain range, due to the nonlinear characteristics of certain components within the power amplifier, the output signal power no longer increases linearly. In this application, this nonlinear increase can be understood as phase distortion occurring during signal transmission.

[0230] (7) Predistortion

[0231] Predistortion is a widely used linearization technique for radio frequency power amplifiers. Predistortion involves adding a component with characteristics that are exactly opposite to the nonlinear distortion of the system, including the power amplifier, to compensate for these differences. Before the input signal enters the power amplifier, predistortion compensates for gain and phase variations across the entire power range.

[0232] (8) Post-distortion

[0233] Post-distortion is a widely used linearization technique for radio frequency power amplifiers. Post-distortion involves adding a system whose characteristics are exactly opposite to the nonlinear distortion of the system, including the power amplifier, to compensate for each other. When the output signal passes through the output power amplifier, post-distortion compensates for gain and phase changes across the entire power range.

[0234] (9) Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)

[0235] TDD and FDD are the two main duplex modes in communication systems. In TDD mode, uplink and downlink data transmissions are interleaved according to time allocation. In FDD mode, uplink and downlink data are transmitted simultaneously on different frequency bands.

[0236] (10) Flexible time slots

[0237] Based on the type of time domain symbols contained within the time slots, time slots can be divided into uplink time slots, downlink time slots, and flexible time slots. In an uplink time slot, all time domain symbols are uplink time domain symbols; in a downlink time slot, all time domain symbols are downlink time domain symbols; while in a flexible time slot, the time domain symbols are not all uplink or all downlink time domain symbols. A flexible time slot can include two or three of the following: uplink symbols, downlink symbols, and flexible symbols. For example, a flexible time slot may contain downlink and flexible time domain symbols, flexible and uplink time domain symbols, or downlink, flexible, and uplink time domain symbols. Uplink time domain symbols are used for uplink transmission, downlink symbols are used for downlink transmission, and flexible symbols can be used for either uplink or downlink transmission. Within a frame, depending on the different uplink and downlink service rate requirements, different numbers of uplink time slots and the ratio of downlink and flexible time slots can be configured. Table 1 shows a schematic diagram of a common TDD frame structure.

[0238] Table 1 shows an example of uplink / downlink time slot allocation in the TDD frame structure.

[0239]

[0240] S represents the flexible time slot, also known as the special time slot; D represents the downlink time slot; and U represents the uplink time slot. Uplink and downlink switching usually takes place in the S time slot. The S time slot contains downlink time domain symbols, flexible time domain symbols, and uplink time domain symbols.

[0241] Based on the network architecture described above, the following describes a method for determining the nonlinear characteristic parameters of a power amplifier provided in an embodiment of this application. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for determining the nonlinear characteristic parameters of a power amplifier according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 3 Taking the following transmission as an example, the sending end is a network device, and the receiving end is a terminal. The first reference signal and the second reference signal are transmitted from the network side to the terminal side, and the nonlinear characteristics of the power amplifier on the network side are estimated by the terminal side. In this embodiment, the function performed by the terminal can also be performed by a module (e.g., a chip) in the terminal, and the function performed by the network device in this application can also be performed by a module (e.g., a chip) in the network device. Figure 3 As shown, the method for determining the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier may include the following steps.

[0242] Step S301: The network device transmits a first reference signal and a second reference signal to the terminal on at least one first frequency band.

[0243] Accordingly, the terminal receives a first reference signal and a second reference signal from the network device on at least one first frequency band. The first reference signal corresponds to a first transmit power, and the reference signal corresponds to the first transmit power. The at least one first frequency band is a frequency band that the terminal supports post-distortion processing and belongs to the first frequency band set.

[0244] Specifically, a first reference signal is transmitted by the network device using a first transmission power, and a second reference signal is transmitted by the network device using a second transmission power. The first transmission power is less than a first threshold, and the second transmission power is greater than or equal to the first threshold. The first threshold can be a power threshold value of the input signal that causes distortion of the power amplifier's output signal; this power threshold value can also be understood as a critical value. When the power of the input signal is less than the first threshold, the power of the output signal changes linearly with the input signal power. When the power of the input signal is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the power of the output signal no longer changes linearly; in other words, when the power of the input signal is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the output signal is distorted. For example, if the first threshold is 40mW, and the transmission power of the first reference signal is less than 40mW, then the transmission power of the first reference signal does not fall within the distortion range of the power amplifier model on the network side, and the first reference signal is not distorted. If the transmission power of the second reference signal is greater than 40mW, then the transmission power of the second reference signal falls within the distortion range of the power amplifier model on the network side, and the second reference signal is distorted.

[0245] When there is a first frequency band, the network device can transmit a first reference signal and a second reference signal on the first frequency band, or the network device can transmit a set of reference signals on the first frequency band, the set of reference signals including a first reference signal and a second reference signal.

[0246] When there are N first frequency bands, the network device transmits a first reference signal and a second reference signal to the terminal on each of these N first frequency bands. Alternatively, the network device transmits a set of reference signals to the terminal on each of these N first frequency bands, where each set of reference signals includes a first reference signal and a second reference signal. The first transmission power of the N first reference signals transmitted on the N first frequency bands can be the same or different. For example, if the terminal supports post-distortion processing in both frequency band A and frequency band B, the network device can transmit the first reference signal to the terminal using a transmission power of 36mW on frequency band A and 37mW on frequency band B.

[0247] The first reference signal and the second reference signal have different transmission powers. Optionally, the first reference signal and the second reference signal may also satisfy at least one of the following conditions:

[0248] Method 1: The modulation schemes of the second reference signal and the first reference signal are different. For example, in the first frequency range (frequency range 1, FR1), the modulation order of the first reference signal is no greater than 4, and the modulation order of the second reference signal is no less than 6. Or, for another example, in the second frequency range (frequency range 2, FR2), the modulation order of the first reference signal is no greater than 2, and the modulation order of the second reference signal is no less than 4.

[0249] Method Two: The second reference signal occupies different time-domain resources than the first reference signal. For example, the first and second reference signals are reference signals transmitted by the network device at intervals of N OFDM symbols, where N is a non-zero integer. The interval of N OFDM symbols represents the interval between the end point of the time-domain resources occupied by the first reference signal and the beginning point of the time-domain resources occupied by the second reference signal. When N is a positive integer, it can represent the first reference signal preceding the second reference signal; when N is a negative integer, it can represent the first reference signal following the second reference signal, with the time-domain resources including at least one OFDM symbol. When multiple terminals access the same network device, multiple first reference signals and multiple second reference signals occupy the same time-domain resources but different frequency-domain resources.

[0250] Method 3: The second reference signal and the first reference signal can be of the same or different types. The first reference signal can be CSI-RS / DMRS, and the second reference signal can be CSI-RS / DMRS. For example, both the first and second reference signals can be DMRS; or, the first reference signal can be DMRS, and the second reference signal can be CSI-RS; or, the first reference signal can be CSI-RS, and the second reference signal can be DMRS. This application does not limit the specific type of the reference signal.

[0251] Method four: The first reference signal may include a single reference signal repeatedly transmitted in the time domain, or a reference signal composed of different sequences continuously transmitted in the time domain. For example, in downlink transmission, the first reference signal is DMRS. To ensure the coverage of information transmission, a repetition mechanism is configured. The transmitter can configure one or more DMRS for each PDSCH transmission. In this case, the first reference signal is all the DMRS in the multiple repetitive PDSCH transmissions. From the perspective of time domain resources, the second reference signal is either before or after the first reference signal.

[0252] The first reference signal and the second reference signal have different transmission powers. Optionally, the scheduling methods of the first reference signal and the second reference signal can be the same or different.

[0253] In one possible implementation, both the first reference signal and the second reference signal are dynamically scheduled by the network device. Alternatively, the first reference signal is dynamically scheduled by the network device, and the second reference signal is semi-statically scheduled by the network device. Or, both the first and second reference signals are semi-statically scheduled by the network device. In this application, dynamic scheduling can refer to downlink control information (DCI) scheduling. Semi-static scheduling can be understood as follows: information such as the time-frequency position and transmission period of the reference signal is configured by the network device through RRC, and when the network device transmits the reference signal, it notifies the terminal through medium access control (MAC) CE signaling.

[0254] When both the first reference signal and the second reference signal are downlink DMRS transmitted via PDSCH, the first reference signal can be dynamically scheduled by the network device, and the second reference signal can be semi-statically scheduled by the network device. The time-domain resources occupied by the second reference signal differ from those of the first reference signal. Specifically, the time-frequency resources occupied by the first and second reference signals are different; they can be different OFDM symbols within the same time unit or different symbols within different time units. In this application, the time unit can be a time slot, a micro-time slot, a subframe, etc., and there is no limitation on the specific form of the time unit. Taking a time slot as an example, Protocol 38.211 specifies the number of DMRS that can be configured for PDSCHs of different lengths and the OFDM symbol positions they occupy. For a single-symbol DMRS, please refer to Table 2. Table 2 shows the PDSCH DMRS position for a single-symbol DMRS provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0255] Table 2

[0256]

[0257] As shown in Table 2, for a time slot configured with one OFDM symbol carrying a DMRS: the first reference signal can be a DMRS carried on one OFDM symbol in the first time slot, and the second reference signal can be a DMRS carried on one OFDM symbol in the second time slot. The first and second time slots are different time slots; optionally, the second time slot can be the next time slot after the first time slot. For example, the terminal can receive the first reference signal at time slot l0 of the first time slot and the second reference signal at time slot l0 of the second time slot.

[0258] When multiple OFDM symbols are configured to carry DMRS in a single time slot, the first reference signal and the second reference signal can satisfy any of the following:

[0259] Method 1: The first reference signal can be the DMRS carried on the first OFDM symbol among the multiple OFDM symbols configured in the first time slot, and the second reference signal can be the DMRS carried on at least one OFDM symbol among the multiple OFDM symbols configured in the first time slot, excluding the first OFDM symbol. When two OFDM symbols are configured to carry DMRS, the terminal receives the first reference signal on the first OFDM symbol in the time domain order of the two OFDM symbols, and the terminal receives the second reference signal on the second OFDM symbol in the time domain order of the two OFDM symbols. That is, the DMRS carried on the first OFDM symbol in the time domain order of the two OFDM symbols is the first reference signal, and the DMRS carried on the second OFDM symbol in the time domain order of the two OFDM symbols is the first reference signal. When two or more OFDM symbols are configured to carry DMRS, the terminal receives a first reference signal on the first OFDM symbol in the time-domain order among the two or more OFDM symbols, and receives a second reference signal on at least one OFDM symbol from the second to the last OFDM symbol in the time-domain order among the two or more OFDM symbols. For example, the terminal can receive the first reference signal at l0 and the second reference signal at l0+n, where n can be configured by higher-layer signaling, and l0 is the first OFDM symbol in the configured OFDM symbols carrying DMRS. Alternatively, the higher-layer signaling can configure the sequence number difference m between the DMRS signal corresponding to the second reference signal and the DMRS signal corresponding to the first reference signal, where m is a positive integer greater than 0. The terminal can use the first DMRS signal in the time-domain order as the first reference signal and the (m+1)th DMRS signal in the time-domain order as the second reference signal.

[0260] In one embodiment, one time slot is configured with two OFDM symbols carrying DMRS, as shown in Table 1. d =5, with two DMRS locations configured at l0 and l0+4. In this case, the terminal can receive the DMRS as a first reference signal in l0 of the first time slot. If the higher-layer signaling configuration n is 4, then the terminal can receive the DMRS as a second reference signal in l0+4 of the first time slot. In one embodiment, three OFDM symbols are configured to carry the DMRS in one time slot, as shown in Table 1. d =9, with the three DMRS positions configured at l0, l0+4, and l0+7. At this time, the terminal can receive the DMRS as the first reference signal in l0 of the first time slot. The higher-layer signaling is configured with n as 4 or 7, and the terminal receives the DMRS as the second reference signal in l0+4 or l0+7 of the first time slot according to the configured n.

[0261] In one embodiment, a time slot is configured with two OFDM symbols carrying DMRS. The terminal receives two DMRS signals in this time slot, using the first DMRS signal in time-domain order as the first reference signal. Based on the higher-layer signaling configuration where m is 1, the second DMRS signal in time-domain order is used as the second reference signal. This can also be understood as, as shown in Table 1... d =5, with two DMRS locations configured at l0 and l0+4. In this case, the terminal can receive the DMRS as a first reference signal in l0 of the first time slot and as a second reference signal in l0+4 of the first time slot. In one embodiment, a time slot is configured with three OFDM symbols carrying DMRS. The terminal receives three DMRS signals in this time slot, using the first DMRS signal in time-domain order as the first reference signal. If the higher-layer signaling configuration m is 1, then the second DMRS signal in time-domain order is used as the second reference signal; if the higher-layer signaling configuration m is 2, then the third DMRS signal in time-domain order is used as the second reference signal. This can also be understood as, as shown in Table 1, l d =9, with the three DMRS positions configured at l0, l0+4, and l0+7. In this case, the terminal can receive the DMRS as the first reference signal in l0 of the first time slot. If the higher-layer signaling configuration m is 1, the terminal receives the DMRS as the second reference signal in l0+4 of the first time slot. If the higher-layer signaling configuration m is 2, the terminal receives the DMRS as the second reference signal in l0+7 of the first time slot.

[0262] Method 2: The first reference signal can be the DMRS carried on the first OFDM symbol among the multiple OFDM symbols configured in the first time slot, and the second reference signal can be the DMRS carried on at least one OFDM symbol among the multiple OFDM symbols configured in the second time slot. When two OFDM symbols are configured to carry DMRS, the terminal receives the first reference signal on the first OFDM symbol in the time-domain order of the two OFDM symbols in the first time slot, and the terminal receives the second reference signal on at least one OFDM symbol among the first to last OFDM symbols in the second time slot. For example, the terminal can receive the first reference signal at l0 and the second reference signal at l0+n, where n can be configured by higher-layer signaling, and l0 is the first OFDM symbol among the configured OFDM symbols carrying DMRS. Alternatively, the higher-layer signaling can configure the sequence number difference m between the DMRS signal corresponding to the second reference signal and the DMRS signal corresponding to the first reference signal, where m is a positive integer greater than 0. The terminal can use the first DMRS signal in the time-domain order as the first reference signal and the (m+1)th DMRS signal in the time-domain order as the second reference signal.

[0263] In one embodiment, one time slot is configured with two OFDM symbols carrying DMRS, as shown in Table 1.d =5, with two DMRSs configured at l0 and l0+4. In this case, the terminal can receive the DMRS as a first reference signal in l0 of the first time slot. If the higher-layer signaling configuration n is 14 or 18, the terminal can receive the DMRS as a second reference signal in l0 or l0+4 of the second time slot. In one embodiment, three OFDM symbols are configured in one time slot to carry the DMRS, as shown in Table 1. d =9, with the three DMRS positions configured at l0, l0+4, and l0+7. At this time, the terminal can receive the DMRS as the first reference signal in l0 of the first time slot. The higher-layer signaling configuration n is 14, 18, or 25. The terminal receives the DMRS as the second reference signal in l0, l0+4, or l0+7 of the second time slot according to the configured n.

[0264] In one embodiment, a time slot is configured with two OFDM symbols carrying DMRS. The terminal receives two DMRS signals in this time slot, using the first DMRS signal in time-domain order as the first reference signal. Based on the higher-layer signaling configuration where m is 2, the third DMRS signal in time-domain order is used as the second reference signal. This can also be understood as, as shown in Table 1... d =5, with two DMRS positions configured at l0 and l0+4. In this case, the terminal can receive the DMRS as a first reference signal in l0 of the first time slot and as a second reference signal in l0 of the second time slot. In one embodiment, three OFDM symbols are configured to carry the DMRS in one time slot, as shown in Table 1. d =9, with the three DMRS locations configured at l0, l0+4, and l0+7. The terminal receives three DMRS signals in this time slot, using the first DMRS signal in time-domain sequence as the first reference signal. If the higher-layer signaling configuration m is 3, the fourth DMRS signal in time-domain sequence is used as the second reference signal; if m is 4, the fifth DMRS signal in time-domain sequence is used as the second reference signal; and if m is 5, the sixth DMRS signal in time-domain sequence is used as the second reference signal. This can also be understood as, as shown in Table 1, l d =9, with the three DMRS locations configured at l0, l0+4, and l0+7. In this case, the terminal can receive the DMRS as the first reference signal in l0 of the first time slot. If the higher-layer signaling configuration m is 3, the terminal receives the DMRS as the second reference signal in l0 of the second time slot. If the higher-layer signaling configuration m is 4, the terminal receives the DMRS as the second reference signal in l0+4 of the second time slot. If the higher-layer signaling configuration m is 5, the terminal receives the DMRS as the second reference signal in l0+7 of the second time slot.

[0265] Provided that the location of the second reference signal is configured in the higher-layer signaling, the terminal can determine whether the PDSCH scheduled by the DCI contains the second reference signal and whether nonlinear characteristic parameter estimation is performed based on the identifier bit in the DCI. Optionally, the format of the DCI can be format1_1.

[0266] When the first reference signal is a reference signal with a known sequence at the transmitting and receiving ends, and the second reference signal is a data signal unknown at the receiving end, the first reference signal can be dynamically scheduled by the network device, and the second reference signal can be semi-statically scheduled by the network device. The second reference signal can be a reference signal modulated using quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) or a higher-order modulation scheme. The network device can configure the transmission period and time-domain resource location of the first reference signal through higher-layer signaling.

[0267] Optionally, when the network device and terminal are operating in time division duplex (TDD) mode, the first reference signal can be configured to be transmitted at the switching point between uplink and downlink in the TDD uplink / downlink time slot mode. For example, if both the first and second reference signals occupy the S time slot, the terminal device can use the measurement results to post-process the received signal in the D time slot, thereby improving the demodulation performance of downlink data.

[0268] For example, in the case where the first reference signal is a downlink DMRS transmitted via PDSCH and the second reference signal is a data signal transmitted via PDSCH, the second reference signal can be configured as the PDSCH closest to the time domain resource occupied by the first reference signal. For example, please refer to... Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the time-domain resource locations of a first reference signal and a second reference signal, as provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 4 As shown, under the DDDSU time slot structure, the subcarrier spacing of the current TDD carrier is 15kHz (time slot length is 1ms), the uplink and downlink time slot mode is 'DDDSU' (uplink and downlink time slot mode period is 5ms), and the network device configures the transmission period of the first reference signal to be 5ms, occupying the time domain resources in the S time slot. The network device schedules PDSCH in both the second and third downlink time slots. The terminal determines the second reference signal as the PDSCH in the third downlink time slot based on the principle of "the PDSCH closest to the first reference signal".

[0269] When both the first and second reference signals are reference signals with known sequences at both the transmitting and receiving ends, the first reference signal can be semi-statically scheduled by the network device, and the second reference signal can also be semi-statically scheduled by the network device. The network device needs to configure the transmission period and time-domain resource location of the first and second reference signals through higher-layer signaling.

[0270] Optionally, when the network device and terminal are operating in TDD mode, the first reference signal and the second reference signal can be configured to be transmitted at the switching point between uplink and downlink in the TDD uplink / downlink time slot mode. For example, if both the first reference signal and the second reference signal occupy the S time slot, then the terminal device can use the measurement results to process the received signal in the D time slot, thereby improving the demodulation performance of downlink data.

[0271] Step S302: The terminal determines at least one nonlinear characteristic parameter of the power amplifier in the first frequency band based on the first reference signal and the second reference signal.

[0272] After receiving a first reference signal and a second reference signal from a network device in at least one first frequency band, the terminal can determine the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in at least one first frequency band based on the first and second reference signals. Specifically, the terminal can first perform channel estimation based on the first reference signal and then determine the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier based on the second reference signal; or, the terminal can first determine the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier based on the second reference signal and then perform channel estimation based on the first reference signal; or, the terminal can simultaneously determine the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier based on both the first and second reference signals. In practical applications, different implementation methods can be selected based on different algorithms. In this application, there is no restriction on the order in which the terminal uses the first reference signal and the second reference signal.

[0273] In one implementation: the terminal can first perform channel estimation based on a first reference signal to obtain channel state information, and then determine at least one nonlinear characteristic parameter of the power amplifier in a first frequency band based on the channel state information and a second reference signal. This approach, by first performing channel estimation based on the first reference signal, obtains accurate channel state information. Then, by determining the nonlinear characteristic parameter of the power amplifier based on the accurate channel state information and the second reference signal, the accuracy of determining the nonlinear characteristic parameter of the power amplifier can be improved. For example, the terminal uses the first reference signal for channel estimation:

[0274] y(n)=H×x A +n

[0275] Where y(n) is the output signal of the power amplifier, H is the channel estimation, and x A Given the first reference signal received at the current moment, and n as white noise, the channel estimation result H′ can be obtained:

[0276]

[0277] The terminal uses the channel estimation result H′ obtained through the first reference signal and the second reference signal x. B Estimating the nonlinear characteristic α:

[0278]

[0279] In the above embodiments, the network device schedules the first reference signal and / or the second reference signal through DCI, which allows for flexible configuration of the time-frequency positions of the first reference signal and / or the second reference signal; the network device schedules the first reference signal and / or the second reference signal through RRC or MAC CE, which allows for flexible configuration of the periods of the first reference signal and / or the second reference signal, thus improving the scheduling flexibility of the first and second reference signals. The estimation of the nonlinear characteristics of the power amplifier on the network side by the terminal side, by decoupling the channel estimation from the nonlinear characteristic estimation, can improve the accuracy of the nonlinear characteristic estimation while ensuring the accuracy of the channel estimation.

[0280] Based on the network architecture described above, another method for determining the nonlinear characteristic parameters of a power amplifier, provided in an embodiment of this application, will be described below. Please refer to... Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating another method for determining the nonlinear characteristic parameters of a power amplifier provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 5 Taking the following transmission as an example, the sending end is a network device, the receiving end is a terminal, and the first reference signal and the second reference signal are transmitted from the network side to the terminal side, where the nonlinear characteristics of the power amplifier on the network side are estimated by the terminal side. Figure 5 As shown, the method for determining the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier may include the following steps. Step S502 is optional.

[0281] Step S501: The terminal sends at least one of the first frequency band set, the terminal's maximum distortion order, or the maximum delay supported by the terminal to the network device, and correspondingly, the network device receives at least one of the first frequency band set, the terminal's maximum distortion order, or the terminal's maximum delay from the terminal.

[0282] The terminal can first determine whether post-distortion processing is required for each frequency band according to predefined criteria:

[0283] When the modulation order of the transmitted signal on the second frequency band is greater than or equal to the second threshold, the terminal determines that distortion processing is performed after the second frequency band is supported. The second frequency band is any frequency band in the first frequency band set, for example, the second threshold is 4 or 6, or other values. The transmitted signal can be a reference signal or a data signal.

[0284] After determining whether post-distortion processing has been performed on each frequency band, the terminal reports a set of first frequency bands that includes at least one first frequency band that supports post-distortion processing. The reporting method can satisfy any of the following:

[0285] Method 1: The terminal can perform post-distortion processing after reporting the frequency band set. For example, the terminal may report a frequency band set FR1 that does not support post-distortion processing, but a frequency band set FR2 that does support post-distortion processing.

[0286] Method Two: The terminal can report post-distortion processing capabilities for each frequency band in the frequency band set. For example, the terminal can report that the first, third, and fifth frequency bands in FR1 do not support post-distortion processing, while the second, fourth, and sixth frequency bands in FR1 support it; the first, third, and fifth frequency bands in FR2 do not support post-distortion processing, while the second, fourth, and sixth frequency bands in FR2 support it, and so on. Compared to reporting the entire FR1 or FR2 set, reporting each frequency band within the set allows for more accurate reporting of post-distortion processing capabilities for each frequency band.

[0287] In addition to reporting the first frequency band set, the terminal can also report its maximum distortion order and / or the maximum delay it supports. Power amplifier models are categorized into memoryless power amplifier models and memory-supported power amplifier models. If it is a memoryless power amplifier model, the terminal can report the highest distortion order it supports; if it is a memory-supported power amplifier model, the terminal can report both the highest distortion order and the maximum delay it supports.

[0288] Alternatively, the network device can determine the type of power amplifier model for a given frequency band that supports post-distortion processing based on the terminal's reported maximum distortion order and / or maximum supported latency. Or, the terminal can directly report the type of power amplifier model for each frequency band that supports post-distortion processing.

[0289] For example, the terminal supports a first frequency band within FR1 (such as the n78 band within FR1, with a center frequency of 3.5GHz), and a second frequency band within FR2 (such as the n257 band within FR2, with a center frequency of 28GHz). The terminal can report the following information on the first frequency band within FR1 and the second frequency band within FR2 respectively:

[0290] 1. Does it support post-distortion processing?

[0291] 2. With post-distortion processing supported, it supports either a memoryless power amplifier model or a power amplifier model with memory.

[0292] 3. The highest distortion order supported, while supporting memoryless power amplifier models;

[0293] 4. Supports the highest distortion order and maximum delay, provided that a power amplifier model with memory is supported.

[0294] Table 3

[0295] n78 1 0 011 000 n257 1 1 011 010

[0296] As shown in Table 3, one possible reporting signaling format includes a post-distortion processing bit indicating whether the terminal supports post-distortion processing in the current frequency band. For example, a value of 0 indicates no support, and a value of 1 indicates support. The power amplifier model bit indicates the power amplifier model supported by the terminal. For example, a value of 0 indicates support only for post-distortion processing using a memoryless power amplifier model, a value of 1 indicates support for both memoryless and memory-based power amplifier models, and a value of 2 indicates support only for post-distortion processing using a memory-based power amplifier model. The maximum distortion order field indicates the maximum distortion order D supported by the terminal, and this field is fixed at 3 bits. The maximum delay field indicates the maximum delay Q supported by the terminal, and this field is fixed at 3 bits.

[0297] The terminal may carry the first frequency band set, the terminal's maximum distortion order, and / or the maximum delay supported by the terminal in the uplink control information (UCI) or physical uplink shared channel (PDSCH) of the PUCCH.

[0298] For the n78 band, the terminal supports post-distortion processing and only supports the use of a memoryless power amplifier model with D=3. According to the definition of a memoryless power amplifier model, the vector [α1, α3, α5] can represent the memoryless power amplifier model used by the terminal in the n78 band. Similarly, for the n257 band, the terminal supports post-distortion processing and supports the use of a memoryless power amplifier model with D=3, or a power amplifier model with D=3 and Q=2. The following vector / matrix can be used to represent the power amplifier model used by the terminal in the n257 band:

[0299] [α1,α3,α5], or

[0300]

[0301] For low-frequency bands, memoryless power amplifier models can accurately characterize the nonlinear characteristics of devices, making it unnecessary to use memory-based power amplifier models with high computational complexity and storage overhead. However, for high-frequency bands, memoryless power amplifier models are not accurate enough. Therefore, differentiated reporting capabilities and parameter configurations for different frequency bands can ensure the accuracy of nonlinear estimation for different frequency bands while avoiding excessive overhead.

[0302] Step S502: The network device sends a first indication message to the terminal, instructing the terminal to determine the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in at least one first frequency band. Correspondingly, the terminal receives the first indication message from the network device, instructing the terminal to determine the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in at least one first frequency band.

[0303] When the first frequency band set includes one first frequency band, the network device can instruct the terminal to determine the power amplifier nonlinear characteristic parameters of that first frequency band through a first indication message. After receiving the first indication message, the terminal determines the power amplifier nonlinear characteristic parameters of the first frequency band based on a first reference signal and a second reference signal. When the first frequency band includes multiple first frequency bands, the network device can instruct the terminal to determine the power amplifier nonlinear characteristic parameters of one of the multiple first frequency bands.

[0304] Optionally, if the terminal does not receive the first instruction information sent by the network device, it can also determine the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier itself when it receives the first reference signal and the second reference signal.

[0305] Step S503: The network device transmits a first reference signal and a second reference signal to the terminal on at least one first frequency band.

[0306] It should be understood that step S603 corresponds to step S301. The relevant description in step S603 can be found in the description of step S301 above. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0307] Step S504: The terminal determines at least one nonlinear characteristic parameter of the power amplifier in the first frequency band based on the first reference signal and the second reference signal.

[0308] In one possible implementation, after receiving the first instruction information sent by the network device, the terminal determines at least one nonlinear characteristic parameter of the power amplifier in the first frequency band based on the first instruction information, the first reference signal, and the second reference signal.

[0309] In another possible implementation, if the terminal does not receive the first instruction information sent by the network device, when it receives the first reference signal and the second reference signal, it determines at least one nonlinear characteristic parameter of the power amplifier in the first frequency band based on the first reference signal and the second reference signal.

[0310] The terminal determines at least one nonlinear characteristic parameter of the power amplifier in the first frequency band based on the first reference signal and the second reference signal:

[0311] The terminal can determine at least one power amplifier nonlinear characteristic parameter in a first frequency band based on the first reference signal, the second reference signal, the terminal's maximum distortion order, and the power amplifier model. Alternatively, the terminal can determine at least one power amplifier nonlinear characteristic parameter in a first frequency band based on the first reference signal, the second reference signal, the terminal's maximum supported delay, and the power amplifier model.

[0312] Power amplifier models are categorized into memoryless power amplifier models and memory-supported power amplifier models. Memoryless power amplifier models include the power amplifier's nonlinear characteristic parameters and the terminal's maximum distortion order, while memory-supported power amplifier models include the power amplifier's nonlinear characteristic parameters, the terminal's maximum distortion order, and the maximum delay supported by the terminal. When determining the power amplifier's nonlinear characteristic parameters for at least one first frequency band, the terminal can do so based on the type of power amplifier model supported by each first frequency band (memoryless power amplifier model and / or memory-supported power amplifier model). For example, the terminal supports post-distortion processing in bands A, B, and C. Band A supports a memoryless power amplifier model, and the terminal can determine the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in band A based on the first reference signal, the second reference signal, the terminal's maximum distortion order, and the memoryless power amplifier model. Band B supports both memoryless and memory-based power amplifier models. If the memoryless power amplifier model is used, the terminal can determine the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in band B based on the first reference signal, the second reference signal, the terminal's maximum distortion order, the terminal's maximum supported delay, and the memory-based power amplifier model. If the memory-based power amplifier model is used, the terminal can determine the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in band B based on the first reference signal, the second reference signal, the terminal's maximum distortion order, the terminal's maximum supported delay, and the memory-based power amplifier model. Band C supports a memory-based power amplifier model, and the terminal can determine the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in band C based on the first reference signal, the second reference signal, the terminal's maximum distortion order, the terminal's maximum supported delay, and the memory-based power amplifier model.

[0313] In one embodiment, the first reference signal is an undistorted reference signal, and the terminal can first perform channel estimation based on the first reference signal to obtain channel state information; the second reference signal is a distorted reference signal, and then determine at least one power amplifier nonlinear characteristic parameter on the first frequency band based on the channel state information and the second reference signal.

[0314] If the power amplifier model is a memoryless power amplifier model, then the formula for determining the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier can be:

[0315]

[0316] Where y(n) is the output signal of the power amplifier, H is the channel estimation, and x A Given the first reference signal received at the current time, and n as white noise, the channel estimation result H′ can be obtained. B The second reference signal received at the current moment is denoted by , and D is the maximum distortion order of the terminal.

[0317] If the power amplifier model is a power amplifier model with memory, then the formula for determining the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier can be:

[0318]

[0319] Where Q is the maximum latency supported by the terminal.

[0320] Step S505: The terminal sends the power amplifier nonlinear characteristic parameters to the network device, and the network device receives the power amplifier nonlinear characteristic parameters from the terminal.

[0321] After the terminal determines the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier based on the first reference signal and the second reference signal, it can report the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier to the network device, enabling the network device to perform predistortion processing on the transmitted signal.

[0322] In one possible implementation, the terminal can report the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in the PUSCH to the network device.

[0323] Step S506: The network device performs pre-distortion processing on the first signal based on the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier to obtain the second signal.

[0324] After receiving the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier from the terminal, if the network device wants to transmit a signal to the terminal in at least one first frequency band, it can first perform predistortion processing on the transmitted signal according to the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier, and then send the predistorted signal to the terminal. For example, the network device can perform predistortion processing on the first signal according to the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier to obtain the second signal.

[0325] Step S507: The network device sends a second signal to the terminal, and the terminal receives the second signal from the network device accordingly.

[0326] After the network device pre-distorts the first signal based on the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier to obtain the second signal, it sends the second signal to the terminal. The terminal receives the second signal and demodulates it normally.

[0327] In the above embodiments, the nonlinear characteristics of the power amplifier on the network side can be estimated at the terminal side. By decoupling channel estimation from nonlinear characteristic estimation, the accuracy of nonlinear characteristic estimation can be improved while ensuring the accuracy of channel estimation. In the communication between the network device and the terminal, the network device can perform pre-distortion processing on the signal based on the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier, thereby making the terminal demodulated signal more accurate, improving the demodulation performance of the terminal, and thus increasing the peak rate of the communication system.

[0328] Based on the network architecture described above, another method for determining the nonlinear characteristic parameters of a power amplifier provided in this application embodiment will be described below. Please refer to... Figure 6 , Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating another method for determining the nonlinear characteristic parameters of a power amplifier provided in this application. Figure 6 Taking the following transmission as an example, the sending end is a network device, and the receiving end is a terminal. The first reference signal and the second reference signal are transmitted from the network side to the terminal side, and the nonlinear characteristics of the power amplifier on the network side are estimated by the terminal side. In this embodiment, the function performed by the terminal can also be performed by a module (e.g., a chip) in the terminal, and the function performed by the network device in this application can also be performed by a module (e.g., a chip) in the network device. Figure 6 As shown, the method for determining the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier may include the following steps. Steps S602 and S606 are optional.

[0329] Step S601: The terminal sends at least one of the following to the network device: a first set of frequency bands, the terminal's maximum distortion order, or the maximum latency supported by the terminal.

[0330] It should be understood that step S601 corresponds to step S501. The relevant description in step S601 can be found in the description of step S501 above. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0331] Step S602: The network device sends a first indication message to the terminal, instructing the terminal to determine the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in at least one first frequency band.

[0332] It should be understood that step S602 corresponds to step S502. The relevant description in step S602 can be found in the description of step S502 above. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0333] Step S603: The network device sends a first reference signal and a second reference signal to the terminal on at least one first frequency band.

[0334] It should be understood that step S603 corresponds to step S301. The relevant description in step S603 can be found in the description of step S301 above. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0335] Step S604: The terminal determines at least one nonlinear characteristic parameter of the power amplifier in the first frequency band based on the first reference signal and the second reference signal.

[0336] It should be understood that step S604 corresponds to step S504. The relevant description in step S604 can be found in the description of step S504 above. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0337] Step S605: The network device sends a third signal to the terminal, and the terminal receives the third signal from the network device accordingly.

[0338] Step S606: The network device sends a second instruction message to the terminal, instructing the terminal to perform post-distortion processing on the third signal. Correspondingly, the terminal receives the second instruction message from the network device, instructing the terminal to perform post-distortion processing on the third signal.

[0339] After determining the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in at least one first frequency band, the terminal can perform post-distortion processing on the signal transmitted by the network device in that frequency band, i.e., perform distortion compensation on the signal. Alternatively, it can choose not to perform distortion compensation on the signal. In this case, the network device can send a second instruction to the terminal, instructing the terminal to perform post-distortion processing on the received signal in at least one first frequency band. The terminal will only perform the distortion compensation operation on the received signal after receiving the second instruction.

[0340] Optionally, the second indication information can be a DCI (Discretionary Coding Interface). The terminal determines whether to perform post-distortion processing based on the frequency band scheduled by the DCI and the modulation order corresponding to the modulation coding scheme (MCS) indicated in the DCI. For example, when the frequency band belongs to FR1, if the modulation order is 6 (64QAM) or higher, post-distortion processing is performed; otherwise, no processing is performed. When the frequency band belongs to FR2, if the modulation order is 4 (16QAM) or higher, post-distortion processing is performed; otherwise, no processing is performed.

[0341] Step S607: The terminal performs post-distortion processing on the third signal based on the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier to obtain the fourth signal.

[0342] In one possible implementation, when the terminal receives the second indication information, it can perform post-distortion processing on the third signal based on the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier to obtain a fourth signal, and then demodulate the fourth signal. The terminal performs post-distortion processing on the signal according to the second indication information from the network device, rather than continuously performing post-distortion processing, enabling the terminal to perform post-distortion processing according to actual transmission needs, thus reducing terminal overhead.

[0343] In another possible implementation, when the terminal does not receive the second indication information, it can also determine whether to perform post-distortion processing on the third signal based on the post-distortion processing capability of the frequency bands containing the received first and second reference signals. Specifically, when the modulation order of the transmitted signal in the frequency band is greater than or equal to a second threshold, it is determined that post-distortion processing is supported in that frequency band. For example, if the second threshold is 4 or 6, or other values, then post-distortion processing is performed on the third signal to obtain a fourth signal, which is then demodulated. The terminal performs post-distortion processing on the signal based on the post-distortion processing capability of the frequency band, rather than continuously performing post-distortion processing, enabling the terminal to perform post-distortion processing according to actual transmission requirements and reducing terminal overhead.

[0344] In the above embodiments, the nonlinear characteristics of the power amplifier on the network side can be estimated at the terminal side. By decoupling channel estimation from nonlinear characteristic estimation, the accuracy of nonlinear characteristic estimation can be improved while ensuring the accuracy of channel estimation. In the communication between network devices and terminals, the terminal can perform post-distortion processing on the signal based on the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier, thereby making the demodulated signal more accurate, improving the demodulation performance of the terminal, and thus increasing the peak rate of the communication system.

[0345] Understandable, such as Figure 3The flowchart illustrating the method for determining the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier is also applicable to the specific implementation of uplink transmission. That is, the transmitting end is the terminal, the receiving end is the network device, and the first and second reference signals are transmitted from the terminal to the network device, where the network device estimates the nonlinear characteristics of the power amplifier on the terminal side. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 7 , Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating another method for determining the nonlinear characteristic parameters of a power amplifier provided in this application. The functions executed by the terminal in this embodiment can also be executed by modules (e.g., chips) within the terminal; similarly, the functions executed by the network device in this application can also be executed by modules (e.g., chips) within the network device. Figure 7 As shown, the method for determining the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier may include the following steps.

[0346] Step S701: The terminal sends a first reference signal and a second reference signal to the network device on at least one first frequency band, and the network device receives the first reference signal and the second reference signal from the terminal on at least one first frequency band.

[0347] The description of uplink transmission in step S701 can be found in the description of downlink transmission in step S301 above. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0348] Furthermore, in Method 3, the second reference signal and the first reference signal can be of the same or different types. The first reference signal can be PTRS / SRS / DMRS, and the second reference signal can be PTRS / SRS / DMRS. For example, both the first and second reference signals can be DMRS; or, the first reference signal can be DMRS, and the second reference signal can be PTRS / SRS; or, the first reference signal can be PTRS / SRS, and the second reference signal can be DMRS. This application does not limit the specific type of the reference signal.

[0349] When both the first reference signal and the second reference signal are uplink DMRS transmitted via PUSCH, the first reference signal can be dynamically scheduled by the network device, and the second reference signal can be semi-statically scheduled by the network device. The time-domain resources occupied by the second reference signal differ from those of the first reference signal. Specifically, the time-frequency resources occupied by the first and second reference signals are different; they can be different OFDM symbols within the same time unit or different symbols within different time units. In this application, the time unit can be a time slot, a micro-time slot, a subframe, etc., and there is no limitation on the specific form of the time unit. Taking a time slot as an example, Protocol 38.211 specifies the number of DMRS that can be configured for PUSCHs of different lengths and the OFDM symbol positions they occupy. For a single-symbol DMRS, please refer to Table 4. Table 4 shows the PUSCH DMRS position for a single-symbol DMRS provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0350] Table 4

[0351]

[0352] The dynamic scheduling method of the first reference signal and the second reference signal can be referred to the description in step S301. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0353] Step S702: The network device determines at least one nonlinear characteristic parameter of the power amplifier in the first frequency band based on the first reference signal and the second reference signal.

[0354] After receiving a first reference signal and a second reference signal from a terminal in at least one first frequency band, the network device can determine the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in at least one first frequency band based on the first reference signal and the second reference signal. For a detailed implementation, please refer to the description in step S302 above where the terminal determines the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in at least one first frequency band based on the first reference signal and the second reference signal; to avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0355] Optionally, the network device can configure the transmission power difference between the first reference signal and the second reference signal for the terminal according to higher-layer signaling. For example, the network device sends a fourth indication information to the terminal, which indicates the transmission power difference between the first reference signal and the second reference signal. The terminal can then transmit the first reference signal to the network device using the first transmission power and the second reference signal using the second transmission power in the frequency band corresponding to the first frequency band set, so that the first transmission power is less than a first threshold and the second transmission power is greater than or equal to the first threshold.

[0356] Optionally, network devices can configure a first threshold based on higher-level signaling.

[0357] In the above embodiments, the terminal can enable the network side to estimate the nonlinear characteristics of the power amplifier on the terminal side using a first reference signal and a second reference signal that are flexibly configurable in terms of time-frequency location and period. By decoupling channel estimation from nonlinear characteristic estimation, the accuracy of nonlinear characteristic estimation can be improved while ensuring the accuracy of channel estimation.

[0358] Understandable, such as Figure 5 and Figure 6 The flowchart illustrating the method for determining the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier is also applicable to the specific implementation of uplink transmission. That is, the transmitting end is the terminal, the receiving end is the network device, and the first and second reference signals are transmitted from the terminal to the network device, where the network device estimates the nonlinear characteristics of the power amplifier on the terminal side. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 8 and Figure 9 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 This is a flowchart illustrating another method for determining the nonlinear characteristic parameters of a power amplifier provided in this application. The functions executed by the terminal in this embodiment can also be executed by modules (e.g., chips) within the terminal; similarly, the functions executed by the network device in this application can also be executed by modules (e.g., chips) within the network device. Figure 8 As shown, the method for determining the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier may include the following steps. Step S802 is optional.

[0359] Step S801: The terminal sends the first frequency band set to the network device, and the network device receives the first frequency band set from the terminal.

[0360] The description of the uplink transmission in step S801 can be found in the description of the downlink transmission in step S501 above. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0361] Step S802: The terminal sends third indication information to the network device to instruct the terminal to determine the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in at least one first frequency band. Correspondingly, the network device receives the third indication information from the terminal to instruct the terminal to determine the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in at least one first frequency band.

[0362] When the first frequency band set includes one first frequency band, the terminal can instruct the network device to determine the power amplifier nonlinear characteristic parameters of that first frequency band through the third indication information. After receiving the third indication information, the network device determines the power amplifier nonlinear characteristic parameters of the first frequency band based on the first reference signal and the second reference signal. When the first frequency band includes multiple first frequency bands, the terminal can instruct the network device to determine the power amplifier nonlinear characteristic parameters of one of the multiple first frequency bands.

[0363] Optionally, if the network device does not receive the third indication information sent by the terminal, it can also determine the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier itself when it receives the first reference signal and the second reference signal.

[0364] Step S803: The network device sends a fourth indication information to the terminal to indicate the transmission power difference between the first reference signal and the second reference signal. Correspondingly, the terminal receives the fourth indication information from the network device to indicate the transmission power difference between the first reference signal and the second reference signal.

[0365] Network devices can configure the transmission power difference between a first reference signal and a second reference signal for the terminal based on higher-layer signaling. The terminal can then transmit the first reference signal to the network device using the first transmission power and the second reference signal using the second transmission power in the frequency band corresponding to the first frequency band set, ensuring that the first transmission power is less than a first threshold and the second transmission power is greater than or equal to the first threshold.

[0366] Step S804: The terminal transmits a first reference signal and a second reference signal in at least one first frequency band according to the fourth instruction information.

[0367] It should be understood that step S804 corresponds to step S701. The relevant description in step S804 can be found in the description of step S701 above. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0368] Step S805: The network device determines at least one nonlinear characteristic parameter of the power amplifier in the first frequency band based on the first reference signal and the second reference signal.

[0369] It should be understood that step S805 corresponds to step S702. The relevant description in step S805 can be found in the description of step S702 above. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0370] Step S806: The network device sends the power amplifier nonlinear characteristic parameters to the terminal, and the terminal receives the power amplifier nonlinear characteristic parameters from the network device.

[0371] After determining the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier based on the first reference signal and the second reference signal, the network device can send at least one nonlinear characteristic parameter of the power amplifier in the first frequency band to the terminal through the first signaling, and can also instruct the terminal to use one of the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in the at least one first frequency band through the second signaling.

[0372] Optionally, the first signaling can be RRC parameters carried in the PDSCH. The second signaling can be MAC CE carried in the PDSCH or DCI carried in the PDCCH. For example, the RRC parameters contain at least one set of power amplifier nonlinear characteristic parameters that may be used for each terminal reporting a frequency band (n78 / n257…) that supports post-distortion processing. The MAC CE indicates a set of power amplifier nonlinear characteristic parameters used in each frequency band, or the DCI can indicate a set of power amplifier nonlinear characteristic parameters from at least one set of power amplifier nonlinear characteristic parameters configured by the RRC signaling on the current frequency band.

[0373] Network devices can flexibly switch between multiple pre-configured sets of nonlinear characteristic parameters to more accurately match the changing nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier.

[0374] Step S807: The terminal performs pre-distortion processing on the fifth signal based on the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier to obtain the sixth signal.

[0375] After receiving the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier from the network device, if the terminal wants to send a signal to the network device in at least one first frequency band, it can first perform predistortion processing on the transmitted signal according to the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier, and then send the predistorted signal to the network device. For example, the terminal performs predistortion processing on the fifth signal according to the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier to obtain the sixth signal.

[0376] Step S808: The terminal sends a sixth signal to the network device, and the network device receives the sixth signal from the terminal.

[0377] After the terminal performs pre-distortion processing on the fifth signal based on the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier to obtain the sixth signal, it sends the sixth signal to the network device. The network device receives the sixth signal and demodulates it normally.

[0378] In the above embodiments, the network side can estimate the nonlinear characteristics of the power amplifier on the terminal side. By decoupling channel estimation from nonlinear characteristic estimation, the accuracy of nonlinear characteristic estimation can be improved while ensuring the accuracy of channel estimation. In the communication between network devices and terminals, the terminal can perform pre-distortion processing on the signal based on the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier, thereby making the demodulated signal on the network side more accurate, improving the demodulation performance of the network side, and thus increasing the peak rate of the communication system.

[0379] like Figure 9 As shown, the method for determining the nonlinear characteristic parameters of a power amplifier may include the following steps. Steps S902 and S907 are optional.

[0380] Step S901: The terminal sends the first frequency band set to the network device.

[0381] It should be understood that step S901 corresponds to step S801. The relevant description in step S901 can be found in the description of step S801 above. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0382] Step S902: The terminal sends a third indication message to the network device, instructing the terminal to determine the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in at least one first frequency band.

[0383] It should be understood that step S902 corresponds to step S802. The relevant description in step S902 can be found in the description of step S802 above. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0384] Step S903: The network device sends a fourth indication message to the terminal to indicate the difference in transmission power between the first reference signal and the second reference signal.

[0385] It should be understood that step S903 corresponds to step S803. The relevant description in step S903 can be found in the description of step S803 above. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0386] Step S904: The terminal transmits a first reference signal and a second reference signal on at least one first frequency band according to the fourth instruction information.

[0387] It should be understood that step S904 corresponds to step S701. The relevant description in step S904 can be found in the description of step S701 above. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0388] Step S905: The network device determines at least one nonlinear characteristic parameter of the power amplifier in the first frequency band based on the first reference signal and the second reference signal.

[0389] It should be understood that step S905 corresponds to step S702. The relevant description in step S905 can be found in the description of step S702 above. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0390] Step S906: The terminal sends a seventh signal to the network device, and the network device receives the seventh signal from the terminal.

[0391] Step S907: The terminal sends a fifth instruction message to the network device, instructing the network device to perform post-distortion processing on the seventh signal. Correspondingly, the network device receives the fifth instruction message from the terminal, instructing the network device to perform post-distortion processing on the seventh signal.

[0392] After determining the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in at least one first frequency band, the network device can perform post-distortion processing on the signal transmitted by the terminal in that frequency band, i.e., perform distortion compensation on the signal. Alternatively, it can choose not to perform distortion compensation on the signal. In the latter case, the terminal can send a second instruction to the network device, instructing the network device to perform post-distortion processing on the received signal in at least one first frequency band. The network device will only perform the distortion compensation operation on the received signal after receiving the second instruction.

[0393] Optionally, the fifth indication information can be a UCI. The network device determines whether to perform post-distortion processing based on the frequency band scheduled by the UCI and the modulation order corresponding to the modulation coding scheme (MCS) indicated in the UCI. For example, when the frequency band belongs to FR1, post-distortion processing is performed if the modulation order is 6 (64QAM) or higher; otherwise, no processing is performed. When the frequency band belongs to FR2, post-distortion processing is performed if the modulation order is 4 (16QAM) or higher; otherwise, no processing is performed.

[0394] Step S908: The network device performs post-distortion processing on the seventh signal based on the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier to obtain the eighth signal.

[0395] In one possible implementation, when the network device receives the fifth instruction information, it can perform post-distortion processing on the seventh signal based on the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier to obtain the eighth signal, and then demodulate the eighth signal. The network device performs post-distortion processing on the signal based on the terminal's fifth instruction information, rather than continuously performing post-distortion processing, enabling the network device to perform post-distortion processing according to actual transmission needs, thus reducing the network device's overhead.

[0396] In another possible implementation, when the network device does not receive the fifth indication information, it can also determine whether to perform post-distortion processing on the seventh signal based on the post-distortion processing capability of the frequency bands of the first and second reference signals. Specifically, when the modulation order of the transmitted signal in the frequency band is greater than or equal to the second threshold, it is determined that the frequency band supports post-distortion processing. For example, the second threshold is 4 or 6, or other values. Then, post-distortion processing is performed on the seventh signal to obtain the eighth signal, and the eighth signal is demodulated. The transmitted signal can be either a reference signal or a data signal.

[0397] In the above embodiments, the network side can estimate the nonlinear characteristics of the power amplifier on the terminal side. By decoupling channel estimation from nonlinear characteristic estimation, the accuracy of nonlinear characteristic estimation can be improved while ensuring the accuracy of channel estimation. In the communication between network devices and terminals, the network side can perform post-distortion processing on the signal based on the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier, thereby making the demodulated signal on the network side more accurate, improving the demodulation performance of the network side, and thus increasing the peak rate of the communication system.

[0398] The above describes the method embodiments provided by the embodiments of this application. The following describes the virtual device embodiments involved in the embodiments of this application.

[0399] Please see Figure 10 , Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application. The device can be a terminal or a module (e.g., a chip) within the terminal. Figure 10 As shown, the device 1000 includes at least: a receiving unit 1001, a determining unit 1002, a transmitting unit 1003, and a processing unit 1004; wherein:

[0400] The receiving unit 1001 is configured to receive a first reference signal and a second reference signal from a network device on at least one first frequency band. The first reference signal corresponds to a first transmission power, and the second reference signal corresponds to a second transmission power. The first transmission power is less than a first threshold, and the second transmission power is greater than or equal to the first threshold. The at least one first frequency band belongs to a set of first frequency bands, and the at least one first frequency band is a frequency band that supports post-distortion processing by the terminal.

[0401] The determining unit 1002 determines the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in the at least one first frequency band based on the first reference signal and the second reference signal.

[0402] In one embodiment, the first threshold is a power threshold value of the input signal that causes distortion of the power amplifier's output signal.

[0403] In one embodiment, the determining unit 1002 determines the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in the at least one first frequency band based on the first reference signal and the second reference signal, specifically for:

[0404] Determine the channel state information based on the first reference signal;

[0405] The nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in the at least one first frequency band are determined based on the channel state information and the second reference signal.

[0406] In one embodiment, the modulation scheme of the second reference signal is different from that of the first reference signal.

[0407] In one embodiment, the second reference signal occupies different time-domain resources than the first reference signal.

[0408] In one embodiment, the receiving unit 1001 is further configured to:

[0409] The terminal receives first indication information from the network device, the first indication information being used to instruct the terminal to determine the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in at least one first frequency band.

[0410] In one embodiment, the device 1000 further includes:

[0411] The transmitting unit 1003 is used to report the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier to the network device.

[0412] In one embodiment, the receiving unit 1001 is further configured to:

[0413] The network device receives a second signal, which is a signal obtained by the network device through pre-distortion processing of the first signal based on the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier.

[0414] In one embodiment, the receiving unit 1001 is further configured to:

[0415] Receive a third signal from the network device;

[0416] The device 1000 also includes:

[0417] The processing unit 1004 is used to perform post-distortion processing on the third signal according to the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier to obtain a fourth signal.

[0418] In one embodiment, the receiving unit 1001 is further configured to:

[0419] The terminal receives a second instruction from the network device, the second instruction being used to instruct the terminal to perform post-distortion processing on the third signal.

[0420] In one embodiment, the determining unit 1002 determines the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in the at least one first frequency band based on the first reference signal and the second reference signal, specifically for:

[0421] Based on the first reference signal, the second reference signal, the maximum distortion order of the terminal and / or the maximum delay supported by the terminal, the power amplifier model determines the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in at least one first frequency band.

[0422] In one embodiment, the sending unit 1003 is further configured to:

[0423] The network device reports the first frequency band set, the maximum distortion order of the terminal, and / or the maximum latency supported by the terminal.

[0424] For a more detailed description of the receiving unit 1001, determining unit 1002, transmitting unit 1003, and processing unit 1004, please refer directly to the above description. Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 The relevant descriptions of the terminal in the method embodiments shown are not repeated here.

[0425] Please see Figure 11 , Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of another communication device provided in an embodiment of this application. This device can be a network device, or a module (e.g., a chip) within a network device. Figure 11 As shown, the device 1100 includes at least: a transmitting unit 1101, a receiving unit 1102, and a processing unit 1103; wherein:

[0426] The transmitting unit 1101 is configured to transmit a first reference signal and a second reference signal to the terminal on at least one first frequency band. The first reference signal corresponds to a first transmission power, and the second reference signal corresponds to a second transmission power. The first transmission power is less than a first threshold, and the second transmission power is greater than or equal to the first threshold. The at least one first frequency band belongs to a set of first frequency bands, and the at least one first frequency band is a frequency band that the terminal supports post-distortion processing.

[0427] In one embodiment, the first threshold is a power threshold value of the input signal that causes distortion of the power amplifier's output signal.

[0428] In one embodiment, the modulation scheme of the second reference signal is different from that of the first reference signal.

[0429] In one embodiment, the second reference signal occupies different time-domain resources than the first reference signal.

[0430] In one embodiment, the sending unit 1101 is further configured to:

[0431] Send a first indication message to the terminal, the first indication message being used to instruct the terminal to determine the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in at least one first frequency band.

[0432] In one embodiment, the device 1100 further includes:

[0433] The receiving unit 1102 is used to receive the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier from the terminal.

[0434] In one embodiment, the device 1100 further includes:

[0435] Processing unit 1103 is used to perform pre-distortion processing on the first signal according to the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier to obtain the second signal;

[0436] The transmitting unit 1101 is also used to transmit the second signal to the terminal.

[0437] In one embodiment, the sending unit 1101 is further configured to:

[0438] Send a third signal to the terminal.

[0439] In one embodiment, the sending unit 1101 is further configured to:

[0440] A second instruction message is sent to the terminal, the second instruction message being used to instruct the terminal to perform post-distortion processing on the third signal.

[0441] In one embodiment, the receiving unit 1102 is further configured to:

[0442] Receive the first set of frequency bands from the terminal, the maximum distortion order of the terminal, and / or the maximum delay supported by the terminal.

[0443] For a more detailed description of the aforementioned transmitting unit 1101, receiving unit 1102, and processing unit 1103, please refer directly to the above description. Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 The descriptions of the network devices in the method embodiments shown are not repeated here.

[0444] Please see Figure 12 , Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of another communication device provided in an embodiment of this application. This device can be a terminal or a module (e.g., a chip) within a terminal. Figure 12 As shown, the device 1200 includes at least: a transmitting unit 1201, a receiving unit 1202, and a processing unit 1203; wherein:

[0445] The transmitting unit 1201 is configured to transmit a first reference signal and a second reference signal to a network device on at least one first frequency band. The first reference signal corresponds to a first transmission power, and the second reference signal corresponds to a second transmission power. The first transmission power is less than a first threshold, and the second transmission power is greater than or equal to the first threshold. The at least one first frequency band belongs to a set of first frequency bands, and the at least one first frequency band is a frequency band that supports post-distortion processing by the terminal.

[0446] In one embodiment, the first threshold is a power threshold value of the input signal that causes distortion of the power amplifier's output signal.

[0447] In one embodiment, the modulation scheme of the second reference signal is different from that of the first reference signal.

[0448] In one embodiment, the second reference signal occupies different time-domain resources than the first reference signal.

[0449] In one embodiment, the sending unit 1201 is further configured to:

[0450] Send a third instruction to the network device, the third instruction being used to instruct the network device to determine the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in the at least one first frequency band.

[0451] In one embodiment, the device 1200 further includes:

[0452] The receiving unit 1202 is configured to receive fourth indication information from the network device, the fourth indication information being used to indicate the transmission power difference between the first reference signal and the second reference signal.

[0453] In one embodiment, the receiving unit 1202 is further configured to:

[0454] Receive the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier from the network device.

[0455] In one embodiment, the device 1200 further includes:

[0456] Processing unit 1203 is used to perform pre-distortion processing on the fifth signal according to the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier to obtain the sixth signal;

[0457] The transmitting unit 1201 is also used to transmit the sixth signal to the network device.

[0458] In one embodiment, the sending unit 1201 is further configured to:

[0459] Send a seventh signal to the network device.

[0460] In one embodiment, the sending unit 1201 is further configured to:

[0461] A fifth instruction message is sent to the network device, the fifth instruction message being used to instruct the network device to perform post-distortion processing on the seventh signal.

[0462] In one embodiment, the sending unit 1201 is further configured to:

[0463] The first frequency band set is reported to the network device.

[0464] For a more detailed description of the aforementioned transmitting unit 1201, receiving unit 1202, and processing unit 1203, please refer directly to the above description. Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 The relevant descriptions of the terminal in the method embodiments shown are not repeated here.

[0465] Please see Figure 13 , Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of another communication device provided in an embodiment of this application. This device can be a network device, or a module (e.g., a chip) within a network device. Figure 13 As shown, the device 1300 includes at least: a receiving unit 1301, a determining unit 1302, a transmitting unit 1303, and a processing unit 1304; wherein:

[0466] The receiving unit 1301 is configured to receive a first reference signal and a second reference signal from a terminal on at least one first frequency band. The first reference signal corresponds to a first transmission power, and the second reference signal corresponds to a second transmission power. The first transmission power is less than a first threshold, and the second transmission power is greater than or equal to the first threshold. The at least one first frequency band belongs to a set of first frequency bands, and the at least one first frequency band is a frequency band that the terminal supports post-distortion processing.

[0467] The determining unit 1302 is used to determine the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in the at least one first frequency band based on the first reference signal and the second reference signal.

[0468] In one embodiment, the first threshold is a power threshold value of the input signal that causes distortion of the power amplifier's output signal.

[0469] In one embodiment, the determining unit 1302 determines the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in the at least one first frequency band based on the first reference signal and the second reference signal, specifically for:

[0470] Determine the channel state information based on the first reference signal;

[0471] The nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in the at least one first frequency band are determined based on the channel state information and the second reference signal.

[0472] In one embodiment, the modulation scheme of the second reference signal is different from that of the first reference signal.

[0473] In one embodiment, the second reference signal occupies different time-domain resources than the first reference signal.

[0474] In one embodiment, the receiving unit 1301 is further configured to:

[0475] The network device receives a third indication message from the terminal, the third indication message being used to instruct the network device to determine the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in the at least one first frequency band.

[0476] In one embodiment, the device 1300 further includes:

[0477] The transmitting unit 1303 is used to transmit fourth indication information to the terminal, the fourth indication information being used to indicate the transmission power difference between the first reference signal and the second reference signal.

[0478] In one embodiment, the sending unit 1303 is further configured to:

[0479] The nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier are sent to the terminal.

[0480] In one embodiment, the receiving unit 1301 is further configured to:

[0481] The terminal receives a sixth signal, which is a signal obtained by the terminal through pre-distortion processing of the fifth signal based on the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier.

[0482] In one embodiment, the receiving unit 1301 is further configured to:

[0483] Receive a seventh signal from the terminal;

[0484] The device 1300 also includes:

[0485] The processing unit 1304 is used to perform post-distortion processing on the seventh signal according to the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier to obtain the eighth signal.

[0486] In one embodiment, the receiving unit 1301 is further configured to:

[0487] The network device receives a fifth instruction from the terminal, the fifth instruction being used to instruct the network device to perform post-distortion processing on the seventh signal.

[0488] In one embodiment, the determining unit 1302 determines the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in the at least one first frequency band based on the first reference signal and the second reference signal, specifically for:

[0489] Based on the first reference signal, the second reference signal, the maximum distortion order of the terminal and / or the maximum delay supported by the terminal, the power amplifier model determines the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in at least one first frequency band.

[0490] In one embodiment, the receiving unit 1301 is further configured to:

[0491] Receive a first set of frequency bands from the terminal.

[0492] For a more detailed description of the receiving unit 1301, determining unit 1302, transmitting unit 1303, and processing unit 1304, please refer directly to the above description. Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 The descriptions of the network devices in the method embodiments shown are not repeated here.

[0493] Based on the above network architecture, please refer to Figure 14 , Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another communication device provided in the embodiments of this application. For example... Figure 14 As shown, the device 1400 may include one or more processors 1401, which can also be called processing units, and can implement certain control functions. The processor 1401 can be a general-purpose processor or a dedicated processor, for example, a baseband processor or a central processing unit. The baseband processor can be used to process communication protocols and communication data, while the central processing unit can be used to control communication devices (such as base stations, baseband chips, terminals, terminal chips, DUs or CUs, etc.), execute software programs, and process data from the software programs.

[0494] In an alternative design, the processor 1401 may also store instructions and / or data 1403, which can be executed by the processor to cause the device 1400 to perform the methods described in the above method embodiments.

[0495] In another alternative design, the processor 1401 may include a transceiver unit for implementing receiving and transmitting functions. For example, this transceiver unit may be a transceiver circuit, an interface, an interface circuit, or a communication interface. The transceiver circuit, interface, or interface circuit for implementing receiving and transmitting functions may be separate or integrated. The aforementioned transceiver circuit, interface, or interface circuit can be used for reading and writing code / data, or it can be used for transmitting or relaying signals.

[0496] In another possible design, device 1400 may include circuitry that can perform the functions of sending, receiving, or communicating in the foregoing method embodiments.

[0497] Optionally, the device 1400 may include one or more memories 1402, which may store instructions 1404 that can be executed on the processor, causing the device 1400 to perform the methods described in the above method embodiments. Optionally, the memory may also store data. Optionally, the processor may also store instructions and / or data. The processor and memory may be configured separately or integrated together. For example, the correspondence described in the above method embodiments may be stored in the memory or in the processor.

[0498] Optionally, the device 1400 may further include a transceiver 1405 and / or an antenna 1406. The processor 1401, which may be referred to as a processing unit, controls the device 1400. The transceiver 1405, which may be referred to as a transceiver unit, transceiver, transceiver circuit, transceiver device, or transceiver module, is used to implement transceiver functions.

[0499] Optionally, the device 1400 in this embodiment can be used to perform the actions described in this embodiment. Figure 4 and Figure 6 The method described in [the document / document].

[0500] In one embodiment, the communication device 1400 can be a terminal or a module (e.g., a chip) within the terminal. When the computer program instructions stored in the memory 1402 are executed, the processor 1401 controls the determining unit 1002 and the processing unit 1004 to perform the operations performed in the above embodiment. The transceiver 1405 performs the operations performed by the receiving unit 1001 and the sending unit 1003 in the above embodiment. The transceiver 1405 is also used to send information to other communication devices besides the communication device. The terminal or the module within the terminal can also be used to perform the above... Figure 3 and Figure 5 The various methods executed by the terminal in the method embodiment will not be described in detail.

[0501] In one embodiment, the communication device 1400 can be a network device or a module (e.g., a chip) within the network device. When the computer program instructions stored in the memory 1402 are executed, the processor 1401 controls the processing unit 1103 to perform the operations described in the above embodiment. The transceiver 1405 is used to receive information from other communication devices besides the communication device. The transceiver 1405 is also used to perform the operations performed by the sending unit 1101 and the receiving unit 1102 in the above embodiment. The network device or the module within the network device can also be used to perform the above... Figure 6 The various methods executed by the network device in the method embodiments will not be described in detail.

[0502] In one embodiment, the communication device 1400 can be a terminal or a module (e.g., a chip) within the terminal. When the computer program instructions stored in the memory 1402 are executed, the processor 1401 controls the processing unit 1203 to perform the operations described in the above embodiment. The transceiver 1405 performs the operations performed by the sending unit 1201 and the receiving unit 1202 in the above embodiment. The transceiver 1405 is also used to send information to other communication devices besides the communication device. The terminal or the module within the terminal can also be used to perform the above... Figure 7 and Figure 8 The various methods executed by the terminal in the method embodiment will not be described in detail.

[0503] In one embodiment, the communication device 1400 can be a network device or a module (e.g., a chip) within the network device. When the computer program instructions stored in the memory 1402 are executed, the processor 1401 controls the determining unit 1302 and the processing unit 1304 to perform the operations performed in the above embodiment. The transceiver 1405 is used to receive information from other communication devices besides the communication device. The transceiver 1405 is also used to perform the operations performed by the receiving unit 1301 and the sending unit 1303 in the above embodiment. The network device or the module within the network device can also be used to perform the above... Figure 9 The various methods executed by the network device in the method embodiments will not be described in detail.

[0504] The processor and transceiver described in this application can be implemented on integrated circuits (ICs), analog ICs, radio frequency integrated circuits (RFICs), mixed-signal ICs, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), printed circuit boards (PCBs), electronic devices, etc. The processor and transceiver can also be manufactured using various IC process technologies, such as complementary metal oxide semiconductors (CMOS), n-type metal-oxide-semiconductor (NMOS), p-type metal oxide semiconductors (PMOS), bipolar junction transistors (BJTs), bipolar CMOS (BiCMOS), silicon germanium (SiGe), gallium arsenide (GaAs), etc.

[0505] The apparatus described in the above embodiments may be a network device or a terminal, but the scope of the apparatus described in this application is not limited thereto, and the structure of the apparatus may vary. Figure 14 The device may be a standalone device or part of a larger device. For example, the device may be:

[0506] (1) Independent integrated circuit IC, or chip, or chip system or subsystem;

[0507] (2) A collection of one or more ICs, optionally including a storage component for storing data and / or instructions;

[0508] (3) ASIC, such as modem (MSM);

[0509] (4) Modules that can be embedded in other devices;

[0510] (5) Receivers, terminals, smart terminals, cellular phones, wireless devices, handheld devices, mobile units, vehicle-mounted devices, network devices, cloud devices, artificial intelligence devices, machinery, home appliances, medical devices, industrial equipment, etc.

[0511] (6) Others, etc.

[0512] Please see Figure 15 , Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a terminal provided in an embodiment of this application. For ease of explanation, Figure 15Only the main components of the terminal are shown. For example... Figure 15 As shown, terminal 1500 includes a processor, memory, control circuitry, antenna, and input / output devices. The processor is primarily used for processing communication protocols and data, controlling the entire terminal, executing software programs, and processing software program data. The memory is primarily used for storing software programs and data. The radio frequency (RF) circuitry is primarily used for converting baseband signals to RF signals and processing RF signals. The antenna is primarily used for transmitting and receiving RF signals in the form of electromagnetic waves. Input / output devices, such as touchscreens, displays, and keyboards, are primarily used for receiving user input data and outputting data to the user.

[0513] When the terminal is powered on, the processor can read the software program from the storage unit, parse and execute the instructions of the software program, and process the data of the software program. When data needs to be transmitted wirelessly, the processor performs baseband processing on the data to be transmitted and outputs the baseband signal to the radio frequency (RF) circuit. The RF circuit processes the baseband signal to obtain the RF signal and transmits the RF signal outward in the form of electromagnetic waves through the antenna. When data is sent to the terminal, the RF circuit receives the RF signal through the antenna. This RF signal is further converted into a baseband signal and output to the processor. The processor converts the baseband signal back into data and processes the data.

[0514] For ease of explanation, Figure 15 Only one memory and processor are shown. In a real terminal, multiple processors and memories may exist. Memory can also be called storage medium or storage device, etc., and this embodiment of the invention does not limit this.

[0515] As an optional implementation, the processor may include a baseband processor and a central processing unit (CPU). The baseband processor is mainly used to process communication protocols and communication data, while the CPU is mainly used to control the entire terminal, execute software programs, and process the data of the software programs. Figure 15 The processor in the terminal integrates the functions of a baseband processor and a central processing unit (CPU). Those skilled in the art will understand that the baseband processor and CPU can also be independent processors interconnected via technologies such as buses. It will also be understood that a terminal can include multiple baseband processors to adapt to different network standards, and multiple CPUs to enhance its processing capabilities. The various components of the terminal can be connected via various buses. The baseband processor can also be described as a baseband processing circuit or a baseband processing chip. Similarly, the CPU can be described as a central processing circuit or a central processing chip. The function of processing communication protocols and communication data can be built into the processor or stored as a software program in a storage unit, with the processor executing the software program to implement the baseband processing function.

[0516] In one example, the antenna and control circuitry with transceiver functions can be considered as the transceiver unit 1501 of terminal 1500, and the processor with processing functions can be considered as the processing unit 1502 of terminal 1500. For example... Figure 15 As shown, terminal 1500 includes a transceiver unit 1501 and a processing unit 1502. The transceiver unit can also be referred to as a transceiver, transceiver device, or transceiver apparatus. Optionally, the device in transceiver unit 1501 used for receiving functions can be considered a receiving unit, and the device in transceiver unit 1501 used for transmitting functions can be considered a transmitting unit; that is, transceiver unit 1501 includes both a receiving unit and a transmitting unit. For example, the receiving unit can also be referred to as a receiver, receiver circuit, or receiving device, and the transmitting unit can be referred to as a transmitter, transmitter, or transmitting circuit. Optionally, the receiving unit and transmitting unit can be integrated into a single unit or can be multiple independent units. The receiving unit and transmitting unit can be located in one geographical location or distributed across multiple geographical locations.

[0517] In one embodiment, the processing unit 1502 is used to perform the operations performed by the determining unit 1002 and the processing unit 1004 in the above embodiments, and the transceiver unit 1501 is used to perform the operations performed by the receiving unit 1001 and the sending unit 1003 in the above embodiments. The terminal 1500 can also be used to perform the operations described above. Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 The various methods executed by the terminal in the method embodiment will not be described in detail.

[0518] In one embodiment, the processing unit 1502 is used to perform the operations performed by the processing unit 1203 in the above embodiment, and the transceiver unit 1501 is used to perform the operations performed by the sending unit 1201 and the receiving unit 1202 in the above embodiment. The terminal 1500 can also be used to perform the operations described above. Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 The various methods executed by the terminal in the method embodiment will not be described in detail.

[0519] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program thereon, which, when executed by a processor, can implement the terminal-related processes in the power amplifier nonlinear characteristic parameter determination method provided in the above method embodiments.

[0520] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program thereon, which, when executed by a processor, can implement the network device-related processes in the power amplifier nonlinear characteristic parameter determination method provided in the above method embodiments.

[0521] This application also provides a computer program product that, when run on a computer or processor, causes the computer or processor to execute one or more steps in any of the above-described methods for determining the nonlinear characteristic parameters of a power amplifier. If the constituent modules of the aforementioned devices are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in the computer-readable storage medium.

[0522] This application also provides a chip system including at least one processor and a communication interface. The communication interface and the at least one processor are interconnected via a circuit. The at least one processor is used to run computer programs or instructions to perform the above-described... Figure 3 , Figures 5-9 The corresponding method embodiments may describe some or all of the steps. This chip system may be composed of chips or may include chips and other discrete devices.

[0523] This application also discloses a system for determining the nonlinear characteristic parameters of a power amplifier. The system includes a terminal and a network device, which can be described in detail below. Figure 3 , Figures 5-9 The method for determining the nonlinear characteristic parameters of a power amplifier is shown.

[0524] It should be understood that the memory mentioned in the embodiments of this application can be volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can be a hard disk drive (HDD), a solid-state drive (SSD), read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache. By way of example, but not limitation, many forms of RAM are available, such as static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous linked dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct rambus RAM (DRRAM). Memory is any other medium capable of carrying or storing desired program code having an instruction or data structure form and accessible by a computer, but is not limited thereto. The memory in the embodiments of this application may also be circuitry or any other means capable of implementing storage functions for storing program instructions and / or data.

[0525] It should also be understood that the processor mentioned in the embodiments of this application can be a central processing unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. A general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

[0526] It should be noted that when the processor is a general-purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, FPGA, or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic device, or discrete hardware component, the memory (storage module) is integrated into the processor.

[0527] It should be noted that the memories described herein are intended to include, but are not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memories.

[0528] It should be understood that in the various embodiments of this application, the order of the above-mentioned processes does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0529] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments provided herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0530] Those skilled in the art will understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0531] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0532] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0533] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0534] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, ROM, RAM, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0535] The steps in the method of this application embodiment can be adjusted, combined, or deleted according to actual needs.

[0536] The modules / units in the device of this application embodiment can be merged, divided, and deleted according to actual needs.

[0537] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit it. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A method for determining the nonlinear characteristic parameters of a power amplifier, characterized in that, include: Report a first frequency band set to the network device, the first frequency band set being used to indicate at least one first frequency band that the terminal supports post-distortion processing; Receive a first reference signal and a second reference signal from the network device in at least one first frequency band, the first reference signal corresponding to a first transmit power and the second reference signal corresponding to a second transmit power, the first transmit power being less than a first threshold and the second transmit power being greater than or equal to the first threshold, the first threshold being a power threshold value of the input signal that causes distortion of the output signal of the power amplifier; Based on the first reference signal and the second reference signal, determine the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in the at least one first frequency band; The terminal receives a second indication information from the network device, the second indication information being used to instruct the terminal to perform post-distortion processing on the third signal; The third signal is post-distorted based on the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in the at least one first frequency band based on the first reference signal and the second reference signal includes: Determine the channel state information based on the first reference signal; The nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in the at least one first frequency band are determined based on the channel state information and the second reference signal.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second reference signal has a different modulation scheme than the first reference signal.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The second reference signal occupies different time-domain resources than the first reference signal.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The method further includes: The terminal receives first indication information from the network device, the first indication information being used to instruct the terminal to determine the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in at least one first frequency band.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The method further includes: The nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier are reported to the network device.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The method further includes: The network device receives a second signal, which is a signal obtained by the network device through pre-distortion processing of the first signal based on the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Determining the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in the at least one first frequency band based on the first reference signal and the second reference signal includes: The power amplifier nonlinear characteristic parameters on at least one first frequency band are determined based on the first reference signal, the second reference signal, the maximum distortion order of the terminal and / or the maximum delay supported by the terminal, and the power amplifier model.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The method further includes: The maximum distortion order of the terminal and / or the maximum latency supported by the terminal are reported to the network device.

10. A method for determining the nonlinear characteristic parameters of a power amplifier, characterized in that, include: Receive a first frequency band set from the terminal, the first frequency band set being used to indicate at least one first frequency band that the terminal supports post-distortion processing; A first reference signal and a second reference signal are transmitted to the terminal in at least one first frequency band. The first reference signal corresponds to a first transmission power, and the second reference signal corresponds to a second transmission power. The first transmission power is less than a first threshold, and the second transmission power is greater than or equal to the first threshold. The first threshold is a power threshold value of the input signal that causes distortion of the output signal of the power amplifier. The first reference signal and the second reference signal are used by the terminal to determine the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in the at least one first frequency band. A second instruction message is sent to the terminal, the second instruction message being used to instruct the terminal to perform post-distortion processing on the third signal, and the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier being used by the terminal to perform post-distortion processing on the third signal.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that, The second reference signal has a different modulation scheme than the first reference signal.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that, The second reference signal occupies different time-domain resources than the first reference signal.

13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that, The method further includes: Send a first indication message to the terminal, the first indication message being used to instruct the terminal to determine the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in at least one first frequency band.

14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that, The method further includes: The nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier are received from the terminal.

15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that, The method further includes: The second signal is obtained by pre-distorting the first signal based on the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier. The second signal is sent to the terminal.

16. The method according to any one of claims 10-15, characterized in that, The method further includes: Receive the maximum distortion order of the terminal and / or the maximum latency supported by the terminal from the terminal.

17. A communication device, characterized in that, include: A transmitting unit is configured to report a first frequency band set to a network device, the first frequency band set being used to indicate at least one first frequency band that the communication device supports post-distortion processing; A receiving unit is configured to receive a first reference signal and a second reference signal from a network device in at least one first frequency band, wherein the first reference signal corresponds to a first transmission power, the second reference signal corresponds to a second transmission power, the first transmission power is less than a first threshold, and the second transmission power is greater than or equal to the first threshold, wherein the first threshold is a power threshold value of an input signal that causes distortion of the output signal of a power amplifier. The determining unit is configured to determine the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in the at least one first frequency band based on the first reference signal and the second reference signal; The receiving unit is further configured to receive second indication information from the network device, the second indication information being used to instruct the communication device to perform post-distortion processing on the third signal; The processing unit is used to perform post-distortion processing on the third signal based on the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier.

18. A communication device, characterized in that, include: A receiving unit is configured to receive a first frequency band set from a terminal, the first frequency band set being used to indicate at least one first frequency band that the terminal supports post-distortion processing; A transmitting unit is configured to transmit a first reference signal and a second reference signal to the terminal in at least one first frequency band. The first reference signal corresponds to a first transmission power, and the second reference signal corresponds to a second transmission power. The first transmission power is less than a first threshold, and the second transmission power is greater than or equal to the first threshold. The first threshold is a power threshold value of the input signal that causes distortion of the power amplifier output signal. The first reference signal and the second reference signal are used by the terminal to determine the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier in the at least one first frequency band. The transmitting unit is further configured to send a second indication information to the terminal, the second indication information being used to instruct the terminal to perform post-distortion processing on the third signal, and the nonlinear characteristic parameters of the power amplifier being used by the terminal to perform post-distortion processing on the third signal.

19. A communication device, characterized in that, The system includes a processor, a memory, an input interface, and an output interface. The input interface is used to receive information from other communication devices besides the communication device itself. The output interface is used to output information to other communication devices besides the communication device. When a stored computer program in the memory is invoked by the processor, it causes... The method described in any one of claims 1-9 is implemented; or The method described in any one of claims 10-16 is implemented.

20. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program or computer instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause... The method described in any one of claims 1-9 is implemented; or The method described in any one of claims 10-16 is implemented.

21. A chip system, characterized in that, It includes at least one processor, a memory, and an interface circuit, wherein the memory, the interface circuit, and the at least one processor are interconnected via a circuit, and the at least one memory stores instructions; when the instructions are executed by the processor, they cause... The method described in any one of claims 1-9 is implemented; or The method described in any one of claims 10-16 is implemented.

22. A communication system, characterized in that, Includes the apparatus as described in claim 19.

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