A filtering and dedusting apparatus and a filtering and dedusting method

Abstract

This invention discloses a filtration and dust removal device and method applicable to the control of inhalable particulate matter pollution in ship painting workshops. The filtration and dust removal device includes a dust removal unit, a filtration unit, and sensors. This invention effectively solves the problem that during ship construction, the relatively enclosed nature of the painting workshop leads to the generation of large amounts of inhalable solid particles during the sandblasting of ship sections, causing significant harm to the health of construction workers. This application utilizes existing space by installing multiple detection devices at the breathing layer height of the painting workshop to monitor the concentration of particulate matter in real time. When the concentration exceeds a set value, an automatic triggering device physically removes the particulate matter from the workshop, significantly improving the working environment and health of construction workers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of shipbuilding, and more particularly to a method for controlling inhalable particulate matter pollution in ship painting workshops during shipbuilding, specifically relating to a filtration and dust removal device and a filtration and dust removal method. Background Technology

[0002] During shipbuilding and production, shot blasting, secondary rust removal in sections, and rust removal during area painting easily generate a large amount of dust. Data shows that the particle size distribution of dust particles in the painting workshop is generally between 0.6μm and 150μm. Solid particles with a particle size of less than 10μm are defined as inhalable particles. These inhalable particles can remain suspended in the air for a long time and are almost impossible to settle naturally. If the dust collection effect is improved by increasing the air volume and total pressure of the fan, the energy consumption of the entire operation will be huge, resulting in energy waste, increased costs, and slow dust control.

[0003] In the shipbuilding and marine engineering fields, due to the complexity of processes, large construction sites, and the need for large, enclosed painting workshops for coating treatment, the painting equipment is complex, occupies a large area, and has high industrial entry barriers, making it even more difficult to achieve energy-saving and environmentally friendly system treatments. Currently, dust removal equipment often operates to remove dust from the entire space of the workshop, and due to the influence of fluid dynamics, its efficiency in removing inhalable particles at the breathing level of personnel is extremely low. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, the present invention proposes a filtration and dust removal device and a filtration and dust removal method, which can treat particulate pollution in current ship painting workshops and effectively solve the technical problem that a large amount of inhalable solid particles are generated during the sandblasting process of ship sections due to the relatively closed state of the painting workshop during the ship construction process.

[0005] In one embodiment of this application, a filtration and dust removal device is provided, comprising: The filtration device includes an adsorption chamber and an exhaust pipe connected to the adsorption chamber; A dust removal device is disposed above and surrounds the filter device; the dust removal device includes a main pipe and a plurality of branch pipes communicating with the main pipe, the branch pipes being spaced apart around the main pipe, the main pipe surrounding the exhaust pipe and the branch pipes being connected to the outer surface of the exhaust pipe; each branch pipe has an intake port at its end away from the main pipe, the intake port having an adjustable cover plate, the cover plate being connected to a controller; and Sensors, distributed between the dust removal device and the filtration device, are used to monitor the concentration of pollutants in the environment in real time and transmit the data to the controller. When the sensor detects that the pollutant concentration is greater than a first threshold, the controller controls the filtration device to start operating to filter pollutant particles in the air. When the sensor detects that the pollutant concentration is greater than a second threshold, the controller first controls the filtration device to start operating to filter pollutant particles in the air, and then the controller controls the dust removal device to start operating for secondary filtration and dust removal, wherein the second threshold is greater than the first threshold.

[0006] In one embodiment of this application, when the sensor detects that the pollutant concentration is greater than a first threshold, the controller controls the generation of negative pressure in the exhaust pipe to filter pollutant particles in the air; when the sensor detects that the pollutant concentration is greater than a second threshold, the controller controls the cover plate to move away from the intake port to form an air intake passage, and simultaneously controls the generation of negative pressure in the main pipe and the branch pipe to perform secondary filtration and dust removal.

[0007] In one embodiment of this application, the filtration and dust removal device further includes: The recycling device is connected to the main pipe and is also electrically connected to the controller; An exhaust system is connected to the exhaust pipe, and the exhaust system is also electrically connected to the controller.

[0008] In one embodiment of this application, the filtering device includes: Top plate, the upper surface of which is connected to the lower end of the exhaust pipe; An inner shell, hemispherically shaped, is disposed on the lower surface of the top plate; a first adsorption cavity is formed between the inner shell and the top plate, and a honeycomb ceramic filter material layer is disposed within the first adsorption cavity; and The outer shell is hemispherical and disposed on the lower surface of the top plate; the outer shell and the inner shell are spaced apart, and a second adsorption cavity is formed between the outer shell and the inner shell, and a filter layer is provided in the second adsorption cavity.

[0009] In one embodiment of this application, the adsorption chamber includes a first adsorption chamber and a second adsorption chamber; the outer shell and the inner shell have their centers coincident; both the outer shell and the inner shell are provided with air inlets, and the top plate is provided with a through hole at the position where it connects to the exhaust pipe.

[0010] In one embodiment of this application, the dust removal device is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the filter device, and the branch pipe is axially symmetrically distributed with respect to the main pipe.

[0011] In one embodiment of this application, the cover plate is provided with a plug and a connecting rod, a spring is provided around the connecting rod, a first end of the connecting rod is connected to the plug, a second end of the connecting rod extends into the branch pipe, a first end of the spring is connected to the plug, a second end of the spring is connected to the outer surface of the exhaust pipe, and the diameter of the plug is larger than the diameter of the inlet.

[0012] In one embodiment of this application, a magnetic sheet is provided on the inlet, the magnetic sheet is correspondingly arranged with the cover plate and can attract each other, and the magnetic sheet and the cover plate are connected together to the connection circuit; when the connection circuit is electrically connected, the magnetic sheet attracts the cover plate, and the cover plate is tightly connected to the inlet; when the connection circuit is disconnected, the cover plate separates from the inlet under the action of a spring.

[0013] In one embodiment of this application, the second end of the connecting rod is connected to a fixing device, which is capable of adjusting the distance between the cover plate and the suction port.

[0014] In one embodiment of this application, a filtration and dust removal method is provided, comprising the steps of: Step 1: Evenly arrange the filtration and dust removal equipment mentioned above at the height of the breathing layer, which is 1.5m to 2m. Step 2: Monitor the concentration of pollutants in the air in real time using the aforementioned sensor; Step 3: When the sensor detects that the pollutant concentration is greater than the first threshold, the controller controls the filter device to start operating to filter pollutant particles in the air; when the sensor detects that the pollutant concentration is greater than the second threshold, the controller first controls the filter device to start operating to filter pollutant particles in the air, and then the controller controls the dust removal device to start operating to perform secondary filtration and dust removal, wherein the second threshold is greater than the first threshold; Step 4: When the sensor detects that the concentration of the pollutant is less than or equal to the first threshold, the dust removal device stops operating, and then the filtration device stops operating.

[0015] This invention proposes a filtration and dust removal device and method. By improving existing workshop ventilation and filtration dust removal systems, only one filtration and dust removal device is added, effectively saving equipment space. It is also easy to install and maintain, and has a good removal effect on inhalable particulate matter in the workshop. The filtration and dust removal method of this invention utilizes existing space. By installing multiple detection devices at the breathing layer height in the painting workshop, the concentration of particulate matter in the workshop is monitored in real time. When the concentration exceeds a set value, an automatic trigger device physically removes the particulate matter in the workshop, significantly improving the working environment and health of construction workers. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a filtration and dust removal device provided in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a dust removal device provided in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart of a filtration and dust removal method provided in one embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0019] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between them; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication between two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0020] Example 1 Embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a filtration and dust removal device and a filtration and dust removal method, which are applicable to the treatment of particulate matter pollution in ship painting workshops.

[0021] like Figure 1 , Figure 2As shown, the filtration and dust removal equipment includes a dust removal device 1, a filter device 2, and sensors (not shown) arranged on the side wall of the workshop. The dust removal device 1 includes a main pipe 1.1, an inlet 1.2, a branch pipe 1.3, a spring 1.4, a magnetic sheet 1.5, a cover plate 1.6, and connecting circuitry (not shown). The filter device 2 has a double-layered outer shell, forming a cavity structure adsorption chamber 2.1. Air inlets 1.7 are evenly distributed on the inner shell 2.4 and the outer shell 2.5. The shells of the inner shell 2.4 and the outer shell 2.5 are hemispherical. The inner shell 2.4 is provided with a honeycomb ceramic filter material layer 2.6 with a filtration accuracy of 10 micrometers. A filter screen layer 2.7 is provided between the inner shell 2.4 and the outer shell 2.5, and the end of the shell is connected to an exhaust pipe 2.2, which can discharge the filtered particulate matter into a solid waste collection device (not shown) in the workshop for treatment. The sensors are evenly distributed between the filter device 2 and the dust removal device 1, which can monitor the concentration of environmental pollutants in real time, and then transmit the monitoring data to the controller in real time. The controller controls the opening and closing of the filter and dust removal equipment.

[0022] The filter device 1 is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the filter device 2, and the filter device 1 is symmetrically distributed with the main pipe 1.1. The suction port 1.2 is connected to the branch pipe 1.3, and the end of the branch pipe 1.3 is connected to the main pipe 1.1. The magnetic plate 1.5 is fixedly connected to the cover plate 1.6 and together they are connected to the connecting circuit. The spring 1.4 is located between the cover plate 1.6 and the branch pipe 1.3 by a fixing device. When the connecting circuit is electrically connected, the cover plate 1.6 is tightly connected to the suction port 1.2 by electromagnetic induction. When the connecting circuit is disconnected, the cover plate 1.6 is separated from the suction port 1.2 under the action of the spring due to the disconnection of the current. Then the exhaust system (not shown) in the main pipe 1.1 removes pollutants in the workshop through the suction port 1.2. After dust removal is completed, the connection circuit is activated, and the suction inlet 1.2 is tightly connected to the cover plate 1.6 under the action of electromagnetic attraction. The shape of the cover plate 1.6 perfectly matches the suction inlet 1.2, and a sealing gasket 1.63 is provided on the outer periphery of the cover plate 1.6 to achieve a sealed connection between the cover plate 1.6 and the suction inlet 1.2. The sensor, main pipe, and exhaust pipe connection circuits serve as the main circuit, unaffected even if a circuit break occurs within the dust removal workshop or if workers disconnect the workshop's electrical circuits. The connection circuit, acting as an electromagnetic induction circuit, is primarily designed to control the sealing of the cover plate 1.6 and the suction inlet 1.2. It serves as a branch circuit of the workshop's electrical circuit; when the workshop's electrical circuit is disconnected, this branch circuit is also disconnected. When this branch circuit is disconnected, the electromagnetic induction principle causes the cover plate 1.6 and the suction inlet 1.2 to separate under the action of a spring. When the suction inlet 1.2 separates from the cover plate 1.6, the exhaust system in the main pipe is activated, achieving the removal of particulate matter.

[0023] like Figure 3 As shown, the filtration and dust removal method includes: Step 1: Evenly install the filtration and dust removal equipment at the breathing layer height of the workshop personnel according to the size of the workshop. The breathing layer height is 1.5m to 2m, preferably 1.7m. Step 2: Monitor the concentration of particulate matter in the workshop using sensors located between the filtration and dust removal equipment; Step 3: When the sensor detects that the concentration is greater than value A, the filtration equipment in the filtration and dust removal system starts to operate and filter particulate matter in the workshop; when the sensor detects that the concentration is greater than value B, the filtration equipment in the filtration and dust removal system first starts to operate and filter particulate matter in the workshop; subsequently, the dust removal equipment starts to operate and perform secondary filtration and dust removal on the workshop. Step 4: When the concentration of PM10 particles monitored by the sensor is within the normal range, the dust removal equipment stops operating, and then the filtration equipment stops operating.

[0024] In step three, the concentration B > A, and the value of B is the value of severe pollution, while the value of A is the value of mild pollution.

[0025] The technical effect achieved by this embodiment is: 1. By separating filtration and dust removal at the breathing layer height based on data monitored by sensors, the dust removal efficiency of inhalable micro and nano particles can be greatly improved, thereby helping shipyards save a lot of energy.

[0026] 2. Although the filtration and dust removal equipment of the present invention has two different operating processes, the equipment is integrated together. Utilizing the unique structure of the equipment, filtration and dust removal can be carried out step by step through the control system, which can greatly save installation and maintenance time and costs.

[0027] 3. This method can automatically determine which filtration and dust removal mode to use based on the pollutant concentration value, thereby realizing intelligent operation of the workshop.

[0028] 4. The connection circuit in this application serves as a branch circuit within the workshop. When a severe pollution or other unexpected disaster occurs in the workshop, workshop staff can manually disconnect this branch circuit. At this time, the cover plate 1.6 is separated from the inlet 1.2, triggering the exhaust system in the main pipe to operate and achieve the removal of the particulate matter.

[0029] 5. This application utilizes the synergistic effect of two devices: filtration and dust removal. On the one hand, the filtration device can selectively and promptly remove PM10 and smaller particles that pose a significant hazard to personnel in the workshop. On the other hand, the dust removal device can assist the workshop's ventilation duct in accelerating the removal of solid particles at the breathing level. By using a single component, the removal of pollutants in the workshop can be completed in steps, demonstrating promising prospects for widespread application.

[0030] Example 2 Based on the same inventive concept as in Embodiment 1, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, in Embodiment 2, a filtration and dust removal device is provided, which includes a dust removal device 1, a filtration device 2, and a sensor (not shown).

[0031] The filter device 2 is provided with an adsorption chamber 2.1 and an exhaust pipe 2.2 connected to the adsorption chamber 2.1.

[0032] A dust removal device 1 is disposed above and surrounds the filter device 2; the dust removal device 1 includes a main pipe 1.1 and a plurality of branch pipes 1.3 connected to the main pipe 1.1, the branch pipes 1.3 being arranged at intervals around the main pipe 1.1, the main pipe 1.1 surrounding the exhaust pipe 2.2 and the branch pipes 1.3 being connected to the outer surface of the exhaust pipe 2.2; each branch pipe 1.3 is provided with an intake port 1.2 at the end away from the main pipe 1.1, the intake port 1.2 being provided with an adjustable cover plate 1.6, the cover plate 1.6 being connected to a controller (not shown).

[0033] Sensors are distributed between the dust removal device 1 and the filter device 2 to monitor the concentration of pollutants in the environment in real time and transmit the data to the controller. When the sensor detects that the concentration of pollutants is greater than a first threshold, the controller controls the filter device 2 to start operating to filter pollutant particles in the air. When the sensor detects that the concentration of pollutants is greater than a second threshold, the controller first controls the filter device 2 to start operating to filter pollutant particles in the air, and then the controller controls the dust removal device 1 to start operating for secondary filtration and dust removal, wherein the second threshold is greater than the first threshold.

[0034] In this embodiment, when the sensor detects that the pollutant concentration is greater than a first threshold, the controller controls the exhaust pipe 2.2 to generate negative pressure to filter pollutant particles in the air; when the sensor detects that the pollutant concentration is greater than a second threshold, the controller controls the cover plate 1.6 to move away from the intake port 1.2 to form an air intake passage, and at the same time controls the main pipe 1.1 and the branch pipe 1.3 to generate negative pressure for secondary filtration and dust removal.

[0035] In this embodiment, the filtration and dust removal equipment further includes a recovery device (not shown), which is connected to the exhaust pipe 2.2 and the main pipe 1.1 respectively, and is also electrically connected to the controller.

[0036] In another embodiment, the filtration and dust removal equipment further includes a recovery device (not shown) and an exhaust system (not shown), the recovery device being connected to the main pipe 1.1 and electrically connected to the controller. The exhaust system being connected to the exhaust pipe 2.2 and electrically connected to the controller.

[0037] In this embodiment, the filter device 2 includes a top plate 2.3, an inner shell 2.4, and an outer shell 2.5. The upper surface of the top plate 2.3 is connected to the lower end of the exhaust pipe 2.2; the inner shell 2.4 is hemispherically disposed on the lower surface of the top plate 2.3; a first adsorption cavity is formed between the inner shell 2.4 and the top plate 2.3, and a honeycomb ceramic filter material layer 2.6 is disposed in the first adsorption cavity; the outer shell 2.5 is hemispherically disposed on the lower surface of the top plate 2.3; the outer shell 2.5 and the inner shell 2.4 are spaced apart, and a second adsorption cavity is formed between the outer shell 2.5 and the inner shell 2.4, and a filter screen layer 2.7 is disposed in the second adsorption cavity.

[0038] In this embodiment, the adsorption chamber 2.1 includes the first adsorption chamber and the second adsorption chamber; the outer shell 2.5 and the inner shell 2.4 are centered; both the outer shell 2.5 and the inner shell 2.4 are provided with air inlet holes 1.7, and the top plate 2.3 is provided with a through hole at the position where it connects to the exhaust pipe 2.2.

[0039] In this embodiment, the dust removal device 1 is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the filter device 2, and the branch pipe 1.3 and the main pipe 1.1 are axially symmetrically distributed.

[0040] In this embodiment, the cover plate 1.6 is provided with a plug 1.61 and a connecting rod 1.62. A spring 1.4 is wrapped around the connecting rod 1.62. The first end of the connecting rod 1.62 is connected to the plug 1.61, and the second end of the connecting rod 1.62 extends into the branch pipe 1.3. The first end of the spring 1.4 is connected to the plug 1.61, and the second end of the spring 1.4 is connected to the outer surface of the exhaust pipe 2.2. The diameter of the plug 1.61 is larger than the diameter of the intake port 1.2.

[0041] In this embodiment, the shape of the cover plate 1.6 is perfectly matched with the suction port 1.2, and a sealing gasket 1.63 is provided on the outer periphery of the cover plate 1.6 to achieve a sealed connection between the cover plate 1.6 and the suction port 1.2.

[0042] In this embodiment, a magnetic sheet 1.5 is provided on the suction port 1.2. The magnetic sheet 1.5 is correspondingly arranged with the cover plate 1.6 and can attract each other. The magnetic sheet 1.5 and the cover plate 1.6 are connected together to the connection circuit. When the connection circuit is electrically connected, the magnetic sheet 1.5 is attracted to the cover plate 1.6, and the cover plate 1.6 is tightly connected to the suction port 1.2. When the connection circuit is disconnected, the cover plate 1.6 is separated from the suction port 1.2 under the action of a spring.

[0043] In another embodiment, the second end of the connecting rod 1.62 is connected to a fixing device that can adjust the distance between the cover plate 1.6 and the suction port 1.2.

[0044] like Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, a filtration and dust removal method is provided, which includes the following steps: Step 1: Evenly arrange the filtration and dust removal equipment described above at the height of the breathing layer, which is 1.5m to 2m, preferably 1.7m; Step 2: Monitor the concentration of pollutants in the air in real time using the aforementioned sensor; Step 3: When the sensor detects that the pollutant concentration is greater than the first threshold A, the controller controls the filter device 2 to start operating to filter pollutant particles in the air; when the sensor detects that the pollutant concentration is greater than the second threshold B, the controller first controls the filter device 2 to start operating to filter pollutant particles in the air, and then the controller controls the dust removal device 1 to start operating to perform secondary filtration and dust removal, wherein the second threshold B is greater than the first threshold A. Step 4: When the sensor detects that the concentration of the pollutant is less than or equal to the first threshold A, the dust removal device 1 stops operating, and then the filtration device 2 stops operating.

[0045] The technical effect achieved by this embodiment is: 4. Based on the data monitored by the sensors, the filtration and dust removal at the breathing layer height can be carried out separately, which can greatly improve the dust removal efficiency of inhalable micro and nano particles, thereby helping shipyards save a lot of energy.

[0046] 5. Although the filtration and dust removal equipment of the present invention has two different operating processes, the equipment is integrated together. Utilizing the unique structure of the equipment, filtration and dust removal can be carried out step by step through the control system, which can greatly save installation and maintenance time and costs.

[0047] 6. This method can automatically determine which filtration and dust removal mode to use based on the pollutant concentration value, thereby realizing intelligent operation of the workshop.

[0048] 4. The connection circuit in this application serves as a branch circuit within the workshop. When a severe pollution or other unexpected disaster occurs in the workshop, the workshop staff can manually disconnect the branch circuit. At this time, the cover plate (1.6) is separated from the inlet (1.2), triggering the exhaust system in the main pipe to operate and achieve the removal of the particulate matter.

[0049] 5. This application utilizes the synergistic effect of two devices: filtration and dust removal. On the one hand, the filtration device can selectively and promptly remove PM10 and smaller particles that pose a significant hazard to personnel in the workshop. On the other hand, the dust removal device can assist the workshop's ventilation duct in accelerating the removal of solid particles at the breathing level. By using a single component, the removal of pollutants in the workshop can be completed in steps, demonstrating promising prospects for widespread application.

[0050] This invention proposes a filtration and dust removal device and method. By improving existing workshop ventilation and filtration dust removal systems, only one filtration and dust removal device is added, effectively saving equipment space. It is also easy to install and maintain, and has a good removal effect on inhalable particulate matter in the workshop. The filtration and dust removal method of this invention utilizes existing space. By installing multiple detection devices at the breathing layer height in the painting workshop, the concentration of particulate matter in the workshop is monitored in real time. When the concentration exceeds a set value, an automatic trigger device physically removes the particulate matter in the workshop, significantly improving the working environment and health of construction workers.

[0051] The above description of the embodiments is provided to enable those skilled in the art to understand and apply the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made to these embodiments, and the general principles described herein can be applied to other embodiments without inventive effort. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described herein, and any improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the scope of the invention should be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A filtration and dust removal device, characterized in that, include: The filter device (2) is provided with an adsorption chamber (2.1) and an exhaust pipe (2.2) connected to the adsorption chamber (2.1). A dust removal device (1) is disposed above and around the filter device (2); the dust removal device (1) includes a main pipe (1.1) and a plurality of branch pipes (1.3) connected to the main pipe (1.1), the branch pipes (1.3) being arranged at intervals around the main pipe (1.1), the main pipe (1.1) being arranged around the exhaust pipe (2.2) and the branch pipes (1.3) being connected to the outer surface of the exhaust pipe (2.2); each branch pipe (1.3) is provided with an inlet (1.2) at one end away from the main pipe (1.1), the inlet (1.2) being provided with an adjustable cover plate (1.6), the cover plate (1.6) being connected to a controller; as well as Sensors are distributed between the dust removal device (1) and the filter device (2) to monitor the concentration of pollutants in the environment in real time and transmit the data to the controller. When the sensor detects that the concentration of pollutants is greater than a first threshold, the controller controls the filter device (2) to start operating to filter pollutant particles in the air. When the sensor detects that the concentration of pollutants is greater than a second threshold, the controller first controls the filter device (2) to start operating to filter pollutant particles in the air, and then the controller controls the dust removal device (1) to start operating for secondary filtration and dust removal, wherein the second threshold is greater than the first threshold. The filter device (2) includes: Top plate (2.3), the upper surface of which is connected to the lower end of the exhaust pipe (2.2); The inner shell (2.4) is hemispherically disposed on the lower surface of the top plate (2.3); a first adsorption cavity is formed between the inner shell (2.4) and the top plate (2.3), and a honeycomb ceramic filter material layer (2.6) is disposed within the first adsorption cavity; and The outer shell (2.5) is hemispherically disposed on the lower surface of the top plate (2.3); the outer shell (2.5) and the inner shell (2.4) are spaced apart, and a second adsorption cavity is formed between the outer shell (2.5) and the inner shell (2.4), and a filter layer (2.7) is provided in the second adsorption cavity. The cover plate (1.6) is provided with a plug (1.61) and a connecting rod (1.62). A spring (1.4) is wrapped around the connecting rod (1.62). The first end of the connecting rod (1.62) is connected to the plug (1.61), and the second end of the connecting rod (1.62) extends into the branch pipe (1.3). The first end of the spring (1.4) is connected to the plug (1.61), and the second end of the spring (1.4) is connected to the outer surface of the exhaust pipe (2.2). The diameter of the plug (1.61) is larger than that of the suction pipe. The diameter of the inlet (1.2); a magnetic sheet (1.5) is provided on the suction port (1.2), the magnetic sheet (1.5) is correspondingly arranged with the cover plate (1.6) and can attract each other, the magnetic sheet (1.5) and the cover plate (1.6) are connected together to the connection circuit; when the connection circuit is electrically connected, the magnetic sheet (1.5) and the cover plate (1.6) are attracted, and the cover plate (1.6) is tightly connected to the suction port (1.2); when the connection circuit is disconnected, the cover plate (1.6) is separated from the suction port (1.2) under the action of the spring; The filtration and dust removal equipment is evenly arranged at the height of the breathing layer, which is 1.5m to 2m high.

2. The filtration and dust removal equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the sensor detects that the pollutant concentration is greater than the first threshold, the controller controls the exhaust pipe (2.2) to generate negative pressure to filter pollutant particles in the air; when the sensor detects that the pollutant concentration is greater than the second threshold, the controller controls the cover plate (1.6) to move away from the inlet (1.2) to form an air intake passage, and at the same time controls the main pipe (1.1) and the branch pipe (1.3) to generate negative pressure for secondary filtration and dust removal.

3. The filtration and dust removal equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, Also includes: The recycling device is connected to the main pipe (1.1) and is also electrically connected to the controller; An exhaust system is connected to the exhaust pipe (2.2) and is also electrically connected to the controller.

4. The filtration and dust removal equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adsorption chamber (2.1) includes the first adsorption chamber and the second adsorption chamber; the outer shell (2.5) and the inner shell (2.4) are centered; both the outer shell (2.5) and the inner shell (2.4) are provided with air inlet holes (1.7); the top plate (2.3) is provided with a through hole at the position where it connects to the exhaust pipe (2.2).

5. The filtration and dust removal equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dust removal device (1) is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the filter device (2), and the branch pipe (1.3) and the main pipe (1.1) are axially symmetrically distributed.

6. The filtration and dust removal equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second end of the connecting rod (1.62) is connected to a fixing device, which is capable of adjusting the distance between the cover plate (1.6) and the suction port (1.2).

7. A filtration and dust removal method, characterized in that, Including the following steps: Step 1: The filtration and dust removal equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is evenly arranged at the height of the breathing layer, wherein the height of the breathing layer is 1.5m to 2m; Step 2: Monitor the concentration of pollutants in the air in real time using the aforementioned sensor; Step 3: When the sensor detects that the pollutant concentration is greater than the first threshold, the controller controls the filter device (2) to start running to filter pollutant particles in the air; when the sensor detects that the pollutant concentration is greater than the second threshold, the controller first controls the filter device (2) to start running to filter pollutant particles in the air, and then the controller controls the dust removal device (1) to start running to perform secondary filtration and dust removal, wherein the second threshold is greater than the first threshold; Step 4: When the sensor detects that the concentration of the pollutant is less than or equal to the first threshold, the dust removal device (1) stops operating, and then the filtration device (2) stops operating.

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