Electrodynamic radial flow machine and power train

Abstract

The invention relates to an electric radial flow machine (1) comprising a stator (2), a rotor body (4) connected to a rotor shaft (3) and a spring element (5) which exerts a spring force (F) on the rotor body (4) in axial direction such that in a first operating position the rotor body (4) is held in an axial position in which the overlap between the opposing surfaces of the rotor body (4) and the stator (2) is less than 100%. Furthermore, at least one displacement device (6) with a first displacement element (61) and a second displacement element (62) is provided which is designed to generate an axial movement between the rotor body (4) and the stator (2) against the spring force (F) based on a torque generated between the rotor shaft (3) and the rotor body (4) such that in the case of a rotation of the first displacement element (61) relative to the second displacement element (62) or a rotation of the second displacement element relative to the first displacement element the rotor body (4) is pushed axially on the rotor shaft (3) against the spring force (F).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an electric radial-flow machine, designed as a permanently excited synchronous machine, comprising a stator and a rotor body connected to a rotor shaft, and a spring element that applies a spring force to the rotor body in the axial direction, such that in a first operating position, the rotor body is held in an axial position where the overlap between the opposing surfaces of the rotor body and the stator is less than 100%. Furthermore, a displacement device is provided, designed to resist the spring force and induce axial movement between the rotor body and the stator based on the torque generated between the rotor shaft and the rotor body. Furthermore, this invention relates to a powertrain for motor vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] Electric radial flow machines are well known in the prior art. DE 10 2009 038 928 A1 discloses an electric motor having a stator, a rotor, and an air gap formed between the stator and the rotor. The size of the air gap is variable based on the speed of the electric motor, wherein the air gap increases at higher rotor speeds. The air gap increases by axial sliding of the rotor or stator. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The object of this invention is to provide an electric run-of-river machine that is optimized in terms of torque-related magnetic field amplification. Furthermore, the object of this invention is to provide a powertrain for a motor vehicle driven by an electric motor, in which the electric drive machine is improved in terms of torque-related magnetic field amplification. Specifically, the electric run-of-river machine will be designed to have optimized operating behavior during different torque operating phases.

[0004] The electric radial flow machine designed according to the present invention is a permanently excited synchronous machine, comprising a stator and a rotor body connected to a rotor shaft, and a spring element that applies a spring force to the rotor body in an axial direction, such that in a first operating position, the rotor body is held in an axial position in which the overlap between the opposing surfaces of the rotor body and the stator is less than 100%. Furthermore, the radial flow machine includes at least one displacement device designed to resist the spring force and generate axial movement between the rotor body and the stator based on the torque generated between the rotor shaft and the rotor body. The at least one displacement device has a first displacement element, a second displacement element, and at least one rolling element disposed between the first displacement element and the second displacement element, wherein the first displacement element is connected to the rotor body, particularly in a rotationally and slidingly fixed manner, and is arranged on an axially non-slidable rotor shaft in an axially slidable and rotatable manner (with limited rotatability if necessary), and the second displacement element is connected to the rotor shaft in a non-rotatable and non-slidable manner. Furthermore, the first shifting element has a first ramp element on its side facing the second shifting element, and the second shifting element has a second ramp element on its side facing the first shifting element. The first and second ramp elements are designed such that, when the first shifting element rotates relative to the second shifting element, or when the second shifting element rotates relative to the first shifting element, the rotor body is axially pushed against the spring force on the rotor shaft. This achieves the advantage that torque-related field enhancement of the electric radial flow machine can be ensured using a simple structural device. No additional active actuators are required to slide the rotor and / or stator. Specifically, the energy required to slide the rotor body axially on the rotor shaft is obtained from the rotational energy of the electric machine itself and is automatically converted into a sliding force for the rotor body based on torque.

[0005] Electric machines are used to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy and / or mechanical energy into electrical energy, and typically include a stationary part called a stator, support, or armature, and a part called a rotor or wheel that is movably arranged relative to the stationary part.

[0006] In the case of electric motors designed as rotating machines, a distinction is made particularly between radial flow machines and axial flow machines. Radial flow machines are characterized by magnetic field lines extending radially in the air gap formed between the rotor and stator, while in the case of axial flow machines, the magnetic field lines extend axially in the air gap formed between the rotor and stator.

[0007] The stator of a radial-flow machine is typically constructed in a cylindrical shape and usually includes electrically insulated laminates, which are constructed in multiple layers and encapsulated to form a laminated core. This structure keeps eddy currents induced by the stator field in the stator low. Grooves or periphery-closed recesses distributed on the circumference lead to the electrically laminates extending parallel to the rotor shaft and house the stator windings or portions thereof. Based on the surface-facing structure, the grooves can be closed with locking elements such as locking wedges or covers to prevent stator winding separation.

[0008] The rotor is the rotating part of an electric motor. In particular, the rotor is used when a stator is also provided.

[0009] The rotor body is generally understood to refer to a rotor without a rotor shaft. Therefore, the rotor body specifically consists of a laminated rotor core and magnetic elements, which are introduced into the recesses of the laminated rotor core or circumferentially fixed to the laminated rotor core and any axial covering components used to close the recesses, etc.

[0010] A laminated rotor core is understood to refer to multiple laminated individual laminates or rotor laminates, which are typically made of electrical metal sheets and stacked and encapsulated one on top of another to form a stack called a laminated rotor core. The individual laminates can then be held together in the laminated core by adhesive bonding, welding, or threading.

[0011] The permanent magnets to be introduced into the cavities of the laminated rotor core are understood as magnetic elements. Each cavity may be provided with a single large magnetic element designed as a bar magnet, or several smaller permanent magnet elements. Alternatively, the magnetic elements may be distributed on the outer or inner circumferential rotor body surface facing the air gap between the stator and rotor.

[0012] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the spring element is sized according to its spring force such that, when the radial flow machine is stationary, the rotor body and stator can be separated from each other by a predetermined maximum axial distance by the spring force, overcoming the magnetic attraction present between the rotor body and the stator. This distance is sized such that the overlap of the relative surfaces of the rotor body and the stator is at least 20% and at most 80%, preferably at least 30% and at most 70%, and particularly preferably at least 40% and at most 60%. The advantage of this configuration is that, starting from the overlap for an operating state with low torque requirements, an operating state with adaptive field enhancement based on increased torque can be steplessly set, and can be adjusted to an operating state with 100% overlap between the rotor surface and the stator surface, providing maximum field enhancement.

[0013] According to another preferred improvement of the invention, the spring element is sized according to its spring force, and the shifting device is designed such that, in the operating state of the radial flow machine at maximum predetermined torque, the rotor body is axially pushed against the spring force, such that the overlap between the relative surfaces of the rotor body and the stator is 100%. Advantageously, a stop is provided, designed and arranged such that, in the operating state at maximum torque, the torque of the rotor body is transmitted to the rotor shaft via the stop. The advantageous effect of this configuration is based on the fact that, on the one hand, stepless field strength adjustment is provided as torque increases, and on the other hand, when the operating state with maximum torque is reached, the torque is transmitted via the stop provided for this purpose, rather than via the shifting device, to limit the rotation of the rotor body on the rotor shaft. In this way, wear-promoting forces can be kept away from the shifting device.

[0014] According to another particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the spring element can be supported against a stop member, wherein the stop member is arranged in a non-slip manner on the rotor shaft, resulting in a structurally simple and space-saving solution. Simultaneously, the stop member can also be used to limit the axial sliding path.

[0015] Furthermore, the invention can be further improved such that the spring element is designed as a compression spring, particularly as a combination of a leaf spring assembly and a leaf spring element acting parallel to the leaf spring assembly, or as a torsional spring, thereby providing a space-saving arrangement.

[0016] In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the first shifting element may have at least three first ramp elements, and the second shifting element may have at least three second ramp elements arranged and configured to correspond to the first ramp elements, thereby providing a geometrically optimized structure for force transmission. Advantageously, the ramp elements are formed in pairs, enabling rotation in both rotational directions of the rotor. Thus, a mechanically constructive, torque-related field enhancement can be provided for both rotational directions of the electric machine.

[0017] Furthermore, the objective upon which this invention is based is achieved by an electric radial-flow motor machine, which is designed as a permanently excited synchronous machine and includes:

[0018] - Stator and fixed stator retainer, and

[0019] - The rotor body connected to the rotor shaft.

[0020] - A spring element that applies a spring force to the stator in the axial direction, such that the stator is held in a first operating position in the axial direction, wherein the radial overlap between the opposing surfaces of the rotor body and the stator is less than 100%, and

[0021] - A shifting device designed to generate axial movement between the stator and the stator retainer based on a supporting torque resisting spring forces generated between the stator and the fixed stator retainer. Provided is a shifting device having a first shifting element, a second shifting element, and at least one rolling element disposed between the first shifting element and the second shifting element, and...

[0022] - A first shifting element is connected to the stator and arranged on a fixed stator retainer, allowing the first shifting element to slide and rotate axially, while a second shifting element is connected to the fixed stator retainer in a non-rotatable and non-slip manner.

[0023] - Wherein, the first shifting element has a first ramp element on its side facing the second shifting element, and the second shifting element has a second ramp element on its side facing the first shifting element, wherein the first and second ramp elements are designed such that, when the first shifting element rotates relative to the second shifting element, or when the second shifting element rotates relative to the first shifting element, the stator is axially pushed against the spring force relative to the fixed stator retainer. An alternative design is described here, in which the axial sliding between the rotor and the stator can be achieved, alone or in part, additionally by a shifting device arranged between the stator body and the fixed stator retainer.

[0024] Advantageously, according to the invention, a radial flow machine is designed in which the necessary axial sliding between the rotor and the stator occurs proportionally by means of a displacement device between the rotor body and the rotor shaft, and proportionally by means of a displacement device between the stator body and the stator retainer.

[0025] Radial flow machines can also be designed such that the rotor body has a conical shape, and the stator body has a corresponding internal space for accommodating the conical rotor body.

[0026] Furthermore, it is conceivable that the rotor of an electric radial flow machine with a cylindrical rotor body is designed as two parts, having a first rotor body and a second rotor body, wherein spring force is applied outward from the stator body in the axial direction to the rotor body via spring elements arranged axially between the rotor bodies. Attached Figure Description

[0027] The invention and its technical field will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the invention is not intended to be limited by the exemplary embodiments shown. In particular, unless explicitly stated otherwise, aspects of the essential subject matter outlined in the drawings can be extracted and combined with other components and knowledge derived from this specification and / or the drawings. In particular, it should be noted that the drawings, and especially the scale shown, are merely schematic. The same reference numerals denote the same objects, and therefore interpretations from other drawings may also be used.

[0028] In the attached diagram:

[0029] Figure 1 The schematic axial section illustrates a first embodiment of a radial flow machine according to the invention, which is in a low-torque operating state.

[0030] Figure 2 It shows that according to Figure 1 The radial flow machine is operating at maximum torque.

[0031] Figure 3 The schematic axial cross-sections illustrate a second embodiment of the radial flow machine according to the invention, which is in different operating states—the upper figure shows a low-torque operating state, and the lower figure shows a maximum torque operating state.

[0032] Figure 4 The schematic axial cross-sections illustrate a third embodiment of the radial flow machine according to the invention, which is in different operating states—the upper figure shows a low-torque operating state, and the lower figure shows a maximum torque operating state.

[0033] Figure 5 The displacement device is shown in three different representations: a perspective view of a closed integral unit at the top, a perspective view of a first displacement element with a rolling element in the middle, and a perspective view of a second displacement element at the bottom. Detailed Implementation

[0034] Figure 1 The schematic axial section illustrates a first embodiment of the radial flow machine 1 according to the invention, which is in a low torque operating state. Figure 2 The same radial flow machine is shown in its maximum torque operating state.

[0035] The illustrated electric radial flow machine 1 is designed as a permanent magnet internal rotor synchronous machine and includes a stator 2, a rotor body 4 connected to a rotor shaft 3, and a spring element 5 that applies a spring force F to the rotor body 4 in the axial direction, such that the rotor body 4 is held in its position as shown. Figure 1 The first operating position shown is an axial position in which the overlap between the opposing surfaces of the rotor body 4 and the stator 2 is less than 100%. In the example shown, the rotor body 4 is laterally extended from the stator body 21 by approximately one-third of its axial length. The rotor body 4 is acted on an axial side by means of a spring element 5 abutting against a stop 7 fixedly arranged on the rotor shaft 3 by applying a spring force F away from the stop 7, and the rotor body is held in a rest position shown to resist the magnetic attraction between the rotor body 4 and the stator body 21. On the axial side of the rotor body 4 opposite to the stop 7, the rotor body is held in a restricted manner in the axial sliding path of the rotor body by means of a displacement element 6. If a specific torque is reached during the operation of the electric radial flow machine 1 (between the rotor body 4 and the rotor shaft 3), and this specific torque is detected by means of a shifting device, the shifting device begins to press the rotor body 4 against the spring force F into the stator body 21 along the direction of the stop 7, thereby increasing the overlap between the relative surfaces of the rotor body 4 and the stator 2, and increasing the field strength of the electric radial flow machine 1. As the torque increases, the stator body 4 is further pushed and further pushed into the stator body 21 until the relative surfaces of the rotor body 4 and the stator body 21 finally overlap by 100%, as... Figure 2 As shown. In Figure 2 In the position shown, under the maximum torque operating condition, the torque is transmitted between the rotor shaft 3 and the rotor body 4 via the stop 7, which is shaped and connected to the rotor body 4 around the circumference for this purpose.

[0036] The displacement device 6, designed to resist the spring force F and generate axial movement between the rotor body 4 and the stator 2 based on the torque generated between the rotor shaft 3 and the rotor body 4, has a first displacement element 61, a second displacement element 62, and at least one rolling element 63 disposed between the first displacement element 61 and the second displacement element 62. The first displacement element 61 is connected to the rotor body 4 in a rotationally fixed and non-sliding manner, and is arranged on the rotor shaft 3 in an axially sliding and limitedly rotatable manner, the rotor shaft being arranged in a non-axially sliding manner. On the other hand, the second displacement element 62 is connected to the rotor shaft 3 in a rotationally fixed and non-sliding manner. For the purpose of displacement, the first displacement element 61 has a first ramp element 610 on its side facing the second displacement element 62, and the second displacement element 62 has a second ramp element 620 on its side facing the first displacement element 61. The first ramp element 610 and the second ramp element 620 are designed such that if the first displacement element 61 rotates relative to the second displacement element 62, or the second displacement element rotates relative to the first displacement element, the rotor body 4 is axially pushed against the spring force F on the rotor shaft 3. The first displacement element 61 and its corresponding second displacement element 62 are designed to enable mutual rotation in two rotational directions. For this purpose, the ramp elements 610 and 620 of the two displacement elements 61 and 62 are designed in pairs.

[0037] Figure 3 The schematic axial section illustrates a second embodiment of the radial flow machine 1 according to the invention, which is in different operating states—the upper figure shows the low torque operating state (as opposed to...). Figure 1 Similar to the image below, it is in the maximum torque operating state (and...). Figure 2 (Similar). The illustrated radial flow machine is also constructed as a permanent magnet machine and an internal rotor. (According to...) Figure 1 and Figure 2 Compared to the runoff machine 1, Figure 3 The radial flow machine 1 shown is constructed with a conical rotor body 4 and a stator body 21 with a corresponding design. The operating principle according to the invention similarly applies to this embodiment, which is referred to in this respect regarding… Figure 1 and Figure 2 The reason for the description.

[0038] Figure 4 A third embodiment of the radial flow machine according to the invention in different operating states is shown. The electric radial flow machine 1 is shown in the upper figure as operating at low torque and in the lower figure as operating at maximum torque. These figures each show the radial flow machine 1 in schematic axial cross-sections. The embodiments presented here also show a radial flow machine 1 constructed as a permanent magnet machine and an internal rotor. Figure 4 The radial flow machine 1 shown in the figure illustrates a connection with... Figure 1 and Figure 2 A structure similar to that in [the previous structure]. Here, the stator body 21 is also provided with an annular cylindrical receiving portion for the annular cylindrical rotor body 4. [This is in accordance with...] Figure 1 Compared to the previous implementation, the rotor body 4 is designed in two parts, wherein the spring element 5 is designed as a compression spring arranged between the two rotor bodies 4, which pushes the two supported rotor bodies 4 outward relative to each other. In the low-torque operation or idling state of the electric radial flow machine 1, the two rotor bodies 4 are laterally pushed out of the stator body 21 at opposite axial ends and are restricted in the outward displacement path of the rotor bodies via the displacement element 62 of the displacement device 6 arranged laterally on the outside of the rotor shaft 3. As the torque increases, the two stator bodies 4 are further pressed against the spring force F by the displacement device 6 and further pressed into the stator body 21 until the opposing surfaces of the rotor bodies 4 and stator bodies 21 finally achieve 100% overlap, as... Figure 4 The image below is shown.

[0039] Figure 5 The shifting device 6 is shown in three different representations. In the upper figure, the shifting device 6 is shown as a perspective view of a closed integral unit. In this case, the first shifting element 61 and the second shifting element 62 each form a housing half, which are connected to form a housing enclosing the rolling elements 63 designed as ball bearings. In the exemplary embodiment shown, a total of seven rolling elements 63 are housed between seven pairs of ramp elements 610, 620. In the middle figure, the first shifting element 61 with the rolling elements 63 is shown from the inside in perspective view. In the lower figure, the second shifting element 62 is shown from the inside in perspective view. The corresponding pairs of ramp elements 610, 620 can be observed particularly well in the two internal views.

[0040] The rolling element 63, designed as a ball bearing, is housed in a recess of the first shifting element 61, which defines the rest position or central position of the shifting device. The shifting elements 61 and 62 rotate relative to each other only when a predetermined torque is exceeded between the first shifting element 61 (connected to the rotor body 4) and the second shifting element 62 (connected to the rotor shaft 3), and are pushed apart by the geometry of the ramp elements 61 and 62 and the rolling element 63 arranged between them.

[0041] The present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. Therefore, the above description should not be considered limiting, but rather illustrative.

[0042] List of reference numerals

[0043] 1 Electric runoff machine

[0044] 2 stators

[0045] 21 stator body

[0046] 22 stator windings

[0047] 3. Rotor shaft

[0048] 4 Rotor body

[0049] 5. Spring elements

[0050] 6. Shifting device

[0051] 61 First shift element

[0052] 610 First Ramp Component

[0053] 62 Second shift element

[0054] 620 Second Ramp Component

[0055] 63 Rolling elements

[0056] 7 Stop components

[0057] 8. Stator retainer

[0058] F Spring force

[0059] X-axis of rotation.

Claims

1. An electric run-of-river machine (1) designed as a permanent magnet synchronous machine, the electric run-of-river machine comprising: - Stator (2), and - Rotor body (4), which is connected to rotor shaft (3). - A spring element (5) applies a spring force (F) to the rotor body (4) in the axial direction, such that in a first operating position, the rotor body (4) is held in an axial position in which the overlap between the opposing surfaces of the rotor body (4) and the stator (2) is less than 100%, and - At least one shifting device (6), said at least one shifting device being designed to resist the spring force (F) to generate axial movement between the rotor body (4) and the stator (2) based on the torque generated between the rotor shaft (3) and the rotor body (4), The at least one shifting device (6) is characterized by having a first shifting element (61), a second shifting element (62), and at least one rolling element (63) disposed between the first shifting element (61) and the second shifting element (62), wherein the first shifting element (61) is connected to the rotor body (4) and is arranged on the rotor shaft (3) in a manner that allows axial sliding and rotation at least in some regions, the rotor shaft being arranged such that the rotor shaft cannot slide axially, and the second shifting element (62) is connected to the rotor shaft (3) in a manner that is fixed in both rotational and sliding aspects, and wherein the first shifting element (61) has a first shifting element (61), a second shifting element (62), and a second rolling element (63) disposed between the first shifting element (61) and the second shifting element (62). 1) The first shifting element has a first ramp element (610) on the side facing the second shifting element (62), and the second shifting element (62) has a second ramp element (620) on the side facing the first shifting element (61), wherein the first ramp element (610) and the second ramp element (620) are designed such that when the first shifting element (61) rotates relative to the second shifting element (62) or the second shifting element rotates relative to the first shifting element, the rotor body (4) is axially pushed against the spring force (F) on the rotor shaft (3).

2. The radial flow machine (1) according to claim 1. Its features are, The spring element (5) is sized according to the spring force (F) of the spring element such that when the radial flow machine (1) is stationary, the rotor body (4) and the stator (2) can be separated by a predetermined maximum axial distance d by the spring force (F) while overcoming the magnetic attraction existing between the rotor body and the stator, wherein the distance d is sized such that the relative surfaces of the rotor body (4) and the stator (2) overlap by at least 20% and at most 80%.

3. The radial flow machine (1) according to claim 1. Its features are, The spring element (5) is sized according to the spring force (F) of the spring element and the displacement device (6) is designed such that when the radial machine (1) is in an operating state in which the maximum predetermined torque is reached, the rotor body (4) is axially pushed against the spring force (F) such that the relative surfaces of the rotor body (4) and the stator (2) overlap by 100%.

4. The radial flow machine (1) according to claim 1. Its features are, A stop (7) is provided, which is designed and arranged such that, under maximum torque operating conditions, the rotor body (4) transmits the torque of the rotor body to the rotor shaft (3) via the stop (7).

5. The radial flow machine (1) according to claim 4. Its features are, The spring element (5) is supported against the stop (7), wherein the stop (7) is arranged on the rotor shaft (3) in a non-sliding manner.

6. The radial flow machine (1) according to claim 1. Its features are, The spring element (5) is designed as a compression spring, specifically as a combination of a leaf spring assembly and a leaf spring element acting parallel to the leaf spring assembly, or as a torsional spring.

7. The radial flow machine (1) according to claim 1. Its features are, The first shifting element (61) has at least three first ramp elements (610), and the second shifting element (62) has at least three second ramp elements (620) arranged and designed to correspond to the first ramp elements (610).

8. The radial flow machine (1) according to claim 1. Its features are, The rotor body (4) is conical, and the stator body (21) has a corresponding internal space for receiving the conical rotor body (4).

9. The radial flow machine (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8. Its features are, The rotor is designed in two parts, having a first rotor body (4) and a second rotor body (4).

10. A power system for a motor vehicle, said power system having an electric radial-flow machine (1) designed as a traction machine, characterized in that, The radial flow machine (1) is designed according to one of the preceding claims.

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