Sandglass-shaped 6g hollow petal super antenna

Abstract

The application provides a sandglass type 6G hollow petal super antenna, which is composed of a sandglass type hollow shell, a wave-shaped plano-convex lens, a petal-shaped super lens and a spherical hollow cylindrical array unit. In the field of 6G communication, the working frequency band is terahertz, the focusing, beam expansion and diffraction phenomena occur when the light beam passes through the antenna, the incident light beam is expanded to a certain size under the condition that the space and the size of the light source are limited, the light beam is incident to the super lens part, the energy is concentrated in a specific diffraction order through the super lens, the energy in other diffraction orders is obviously inhibited, and a specific bending angle can be reached in the specific diffraction order, the phase discontinuous distribution of the signal and the transmission in a specific direction are realized, the problems of the traditional terahertz device, such as large volume, large weight, low efficiency, few types and the like, are overcome, and the terahertz antenna array develops in the direction of integration and miniaturization, super wide band, high gain, low energy consumption and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of 6G technology, specifically, to the design of a terahertz band hourglass-shaped 6G hollow petal superantenna. Background Technology

[0002] In March 2018, my country's Minister of Industry and Information Technology stated that research on 6G had begun, with terahertz wireless communication technology and systems being one of the main research areas. In September 2018, the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) decided to open the terahertz spectrum for 6G. This demonstrates that further utilizing high-frequency spectrum is a consensus among wireless communication researchers, and the terahertz band is a key area for the highly anticipated next-generation high-speed wireless communication. Terahertz waves represent the final transition in the radio spectrum, known as the "THz gap," combining the advantages of millimeter-wave and optical communication. Terahertz (THz) waves are electromagnetic waves between microwaves and the infrared spectrum, with frequencies between 0.1 and 10 THz. They possess characteristics such as stronger penetration than infrared waves, higher imaging resolution than microwaves, and greater safety than X-rays. Their low photon energy, large bandwidth, and high carrier frequency propagation characteristics make them promising for applications in numerous fields, including communication, imaging, biomedicine, and astronomical research. Terahertz communication features wide bandwidth and short wavelength, allowing numerous antenna elements to be integrated into a single unit area, thus meeting the needs of dense network coverage and serving as the operating frequency band for next-generation 6G communication. The narrow beam and high directivity of terahertz waves enable better security, anti-interference, and anti-interception capabilities. High communication speed, good directivity, high security, and abundant spectrum resources are prominent characteristics of terahertz communication, making it a highly advantageous broadband wireless access technology in future 6G mobile communication. Most domestic terahertz communication prototype systems are currently in the simulation stage. In practical applications, performance indicators such as real-time performance, environment, communication distance, and power consumption should be considered. The terahertz antenna is a crucial front-end component of a terahertz wireless communication system, playing a vital role in signal transmission and reception. Antenna performance (such as operating bandwidth and gain) directly affects the frequency efficiency, transmission rate, and reliability of the communication system.

[0003] Because it is difficult to find natural materials that can strongly respond to THz waves, existing terahertz devices face problems such as large size, heavy weight, low efficiency, and limited variety. The development of high-performance THz wave functional devices still faces significant challenges. Metamaterials (MMs), composed of subwavelength unit structures, offer a novel and effective approach to solving this problem. In potential terahertz communication scenarios, metamaterials are applied to terahertz antenna technology. By changing their microstructure style, size, and arrangement, the response intensity of electromagnetic waves can be modulated, enhancing antenna gain, improving channel capacity and directivity, etc. This provides new ideas and methods for the development and application of terahertz communication technology, enabling terahertz antenna arrays to develop towards integration and miniaturization, ultra-wideband, high gain, and low power consumption. Metamaterials are artificial microstructured materials with subwavelength periodic structures and electromagnetic properties not found in natural materials. By flexibly designing and adjusting the shape and size of the unit structure and arranging them according to certain rules, specific electromagnetic properties can be achieved. Since the discovery of metamaterials with negative permeability (μ < 0), the development of various functional metamaterial devices and the demonstration of a series of novel physical phenomena, such as negative refractive index, ultra-high refractive index, zero refractive index, artificial magnets, superlenses, and superabsorbers, have greatly advanced metamaterial research. However, due to the three-dimensional structure and electromagnetic properties of metamaterials, the fabrication process is generally very complex, costly, and involves significant losses. Therefore, researchers have proposed a two-dimensional metamaterial, namely a metasurface.

[0004] Metasurfaces are a two-dimensional simplified form of metamaterials. While retaining the desirable properties of metamaterials, metasurfaces are easier to fabricate and integrate on-chip. By introducing the concept of abrupt phase changes, they are widely used for polarization control due to their significant advantages over three-dimensional metamaterials in terms of size, fabrication, and cost. Metasurfaces are artificially designed subwavelength structures that provide new ideas for more flexible control of light polarization states. They can flexibly control the amplitude, phase, and polarization of incident electromagnetic waves and are widely used in beam deflection, polarization conversion, and holographic imaging. Optical superlenses are also an important application. Metasurfaces also have important applications in non-destructive testing, medical imaging, and wireless communication. With the development of micro-nano fabrication technology, metasurfaces composed of subwavelength periodic superatomic planar arrays can flexibly and precisely control the phase and polarization information of light, which is of great significance for the development of THz devices. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention proposes an hourglass-shaped 6G hollow petal superantenna. The purpose is to achieve focusing, beam expansion, and diffraction phenomena when a light beam enters the antenna in the 6G communication field by designing the size of the hourglass-shaped shell, the diameter and thickness of the internal wave-shaped plano-convex lens, and the diameter and height of the hollow petal-shaped superlens and the spherical hollow cylindrical array. This allows the incident light beam to be expanded to a certain size through the antenna structure under limited space requirements, concentrating the energy in a specific diffraction order, while the energy in other diffraction orders is significantly suppressed, and a specific bending angle can be achieved in the specific diffraction order.

[0006] Therefore, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a 6G hollow petal super antenna based on an hourglass shape, characterized in that the super antenna includes an hourglass-shaped hollow shell structure, a wave-shaped plano-convex lens, and a hollow petal-shaped cylindrical array super lens.

[0007] The super antenna consists of a hollow hourglass-shaped shell, two wavy plano-convex lenses, and a hollow petal-shaped cylindrical array super lens. The wavy plano-convex lenses are placed opposite each other at both ends of the shell with their convex surfaces facing the inside of the hollow hourglass-shaped shell, and the bottom of the super lens is placed in close contact with the bottom plane of the large-diameter wavy plano-convex lens.

[0008] The hollow hourglass-shaped shell is composed of an hourglass-shaped structure with asymmetrical sizes at both ends. The inside is hollow, and the diameters of the left and right ends of the hourglass-shaped shell are different sizes.

[0009] The wave-shaped plano-convex lens is composed of wave-shaped plano-convex lenses that correspond to the size of both ends of the hourglass-shaped shell. The convex surface of the lens contains three layers of wave-shaped grooves, with the size decreasing from the outside to the inside. The outermost wave groove is used as the standard, and the lenses are scaled at different magnifications and placed with the concentric axis as the reference.

[0010] The hollow petal-shaped cylindrical array superlens is composed of a petal-shaped array structure and spherical hollow cylindrical array units. The petal-shaped array structure is obtained by periodically arranging the spherical hollow cylindrical array units with the same center as the axis at 60° intervals. The spherical hollow cylindrical array unit is composed of 14 cylinders of the same height with a spherical hollow center arranged tangent to each other at a certain angle.

[0011] Compared with existing technologies, the technical features and effects of this invention are as follows:

[0012] First, this invention proposes an hourglass-shaped 6G hollow petal superantenna. In the field of 6G communication, it enables a beam to be focused and scattered when it enters the front end of the superantenna and passes through two wavy plano-convex lenses, ultimately achieving beam expansion and exiting as parallel light before entering the hollow petal-shaped superlens array structure. Second, when the incident light enters the hollow petal-shaped superlens array structure, diffraction occurs, concentrating the incident energy in a specific order, while the energy is suppressed in other diffraction orders. Third, this superantenna structure can be used to expand, shape, and control the diffraction direction of the 6G terahertz band beam. That is, the beam is expanded within a specific spatial structure so that when the beam is incident on the superlens, it meets the requirements of the incident light size, achieving signal amplification and discontinuous phase distribution, enabling transmission in a specific direction, thereby solving the problem of terahertz signal coverage holes and realizing a relay function. Fourth, the hourglass-shaped 6G hollow petal superantenna, with its increased operating frequency bandwidth and gain, directly improves the frequency efficiency, transmission rate, and reliability of communication systems, realizing the high-performance development direction of terahertz antennas. Fifth, the superlens section of the hourglass-shaped 6G hollow petal superantenna has the advantages of being ultra-thin and ultra-light. High-efficiency transmission can be achieved by flexibly designing and adjusting the diameter and height of the cylinders in the cylindrical array unit. Its unit array structure can also be used to design high numerical aperture, high-efficiency planar lenses or other devices in the terahertz range, overcoming the shortcomings of traditional terahertz devices such as low transmission efficiency and large weight. Sixth, the hourglass-shaped superantenna requires only 100 mm × 100 mm × 100 mm of space to meet certain transmission efficiency and focusing performance requirements, overcoming the large size of traditional terahertz devices and realizing the miniaturization of terahertz antennas. It can perform communication or imaging functions in scenarios with certain space constraints. Seventh, compared with traditional terahertz devices, the super antenna in this invention is made of photosensitive resin and manufactured using a commercial 3D printer. This manufacturing method is not only environmentally friendly and convenient, but also greatly reduces costs, overcoming the disadvantages of traditional terahertz devices, such as high cost and difficulty in manufacturing. Attached Figure Description

[0013] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0014] Appendix Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0015] Appendix Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0016] Appendix Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the hourglass-shaped hollow shell of the present invention;

[0017] Appendix Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the large-diameter wavy plano-convex lens of the present invention;

[0018] Appendix Figure 5 This is a top view schematic diagram of the large-diameter wavy plano-convex lens of the present invention;

[0019] Appendix Figure 6 This is a frontal cross-sectional view of the large-diameter wavy plano-convex lens of the present invention;

[0020] Appendix Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the small-diameter wavy plano-convex lens of the present invention;

[0021] Appendix Figure 8 This is a top view schematic diagram of the small-diameter wavy plano-convex lens of the present invention;

[0022] Appendix Figure 9 This is a frontal cross-sectional view of the small-diameter wavy plano-convex lens of the present invention;

[0023] Appendix Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the hollow petal-shaped cylindrical array superlens of the present invention;

[0024] Appendix Figure 11 This is a perspective view of the hollow petal-shaped cylindrical array superlens of the present invention;

[0025] Appendix Figure 12 This is a top view schematic diagram of the hollow petal-shaped cylindrical array superlens of the present invention;

[0026] Appendix Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the spherical hollow cylindrical array unit structure of the present invention;

[0027] The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows:

[0028] 1-Hollow petal-shaped superlens, 2-Small diameter wavy plano-convex lens, 3-Hourglass-shaped hollow shell, 4-Large diameter wavy plano-convex lens. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below.

[0030] like Figure 1-13 As shown, the hourglass-shaped 6G hollow petal super antenna includes an hourglass-shaped hollow shell, a wave-shaped plano-convex lens, a petal-shaped super lens, and a spherical hollow cylindrical array unit.

[0031] The petal-shaped superantenna has an overall structure bounded by a space of 100 mm × 100 mm × 100 mm in length, width, and height. The hourglass-shaped hollow shell structure is 100 mm long, with a diameter of 15 mm at the left end, a diameter of 72.9 mm at the right end, a wall thickness of 4.5 mm, and is hollow inside.

[0032] The wavy plano-convex lenses consist of one large and one small lens. The large lens has a diameter of 72.9 mm and a thickness of 12.4 mm. The large lens has three layers of wavy grooves inside its convex surface, which are concentrically scaled from the outside in at a ratio of 1:0.75:0.5. The outermost wavy groove has a diameter of 58 mm and is cut off towards the convex surface 4 mm from the bottom of the lens. The cut-off groove has a thickness of 1 mm and a depth of 2 mm. The small lens has a diameter of 15 mm and a thickness of 4.96 mm. The small lens has four layers of wavy grooves inside its convex surface, which are the same as the outermost wavy groove of the large lens. They are placed from the outside in and are concentrically scaled from the outside in at a ratio of 1:0.2:0.15:0.1. The cut-off groove has a thickness of 1 mm and a depth of 1 mm.

[0033] The hollow petal-shaped cylindrical array superlens is obtained by arranging spherical hollow cylindrical array units in a circular array with 60° intervals along the same axis. The superlens has a diameter of 72.9 mm and a substrate thickness of 1 mm.

[0034] The spherical hollow cylinder array unit is composed of 14 spherical hollow cylinders of equal height arranged tangent to each other at a certain angle. The deflection angles of the lines connecting the centers of the cylinders from the inside out are 90°, 65°, 66°, 49°, 39°, 12°, 353°, 321°, 290°, 290°, 263°, 255°, and 249°, respectively. The cylinder diameters from the inside out are 4 mm, 2.4 mm, 3.2 mm, 4 mm, 4.8 mm, 5.6 mm, 6.8 mm, 8 mm, 6.8 mm, 5.6 mm, 4.8 mm, 4 mm, 3.2 mm, and 2.4 mm, respectively. The cylinder height is 2.5 mm. There is a spherical hollow center with a diameter of 1 mm at the center of each cylinder.

[0035] To verify the performance of this invention experimentally, a 6G hollow petal superantenna sample in the shape of an hourglass was fabricated using a commercial 3D printer with a refractive index of 1.67 made of photosensitive resin material. Measurements were then performed using relevant experimental equipment. The specific experimental procedure was as follows: a 0.14THz source was used to vertically illuminate the small-diameter end of the hourglass-shaped 6G hollow petal superantenna sample. The beam was expanded inside the superantenna and then diffracted at the superlens. The signal was received by a receiver at the superlens end, and the transmission efficiency was calculated. The calculated transmission efficiency showed good agreement with the simulation results, thus demonstrating the feasibility of designing and applying the hourglass-shaped 6G hollow petal superantenna within the 6G communication range.

[0036] This invention modulates the terahertz wave incident from the small-diameter end of a super-antenna, causing the incident terahertz beam to expand under limited spatial constraints and be incident on a superlens. After passing through the superlens, most of the beam's energy is concentrated in a specific diffraction order, while the energy in other diffraction orders is significantly suppressed, achieving a discontinuous phase distribution and transmission in a specific direction. The beam expansion and phase modulation of the scattered wave from 0 to 2π are achieved by adjusting the relevant parameters of the hourglass-shaped hollow shell, the wave-shaped plano-convex lens, and the hollow petal-shaped superlens array unit.

Claims

1. An hourglass-shaped 6G hollow petal superantenna, characterized in that... The superantenna includes a hollow hourglass-shaped shell, two wavy plano-convex lenses, and a hollow petal-shaped cylindrical array superlens. The wavy plano-convex lenses are positioned opposite each other at both ends of the hollow hourglass-shaped shell, with their convex surfaces facing inwards. The bottom of the superlens is placed in close contact with the bottom plane of the larger-diameter wavy plano-convex lens. The hollow hourglass-shaped shell is composed of hourglass-shaped structures with asymmetrical sizes at both ends, and is hollow inside. The diameters of the left and right ends of the hourglass-shaped shell are different sizes. The wavy plano-convex lenses are composed of wavy plano-convex lenses corresponding to the sizes at both ends of the hourglass-shaped shell. The convex surface of the lens contains three layers of wavy grooves, decreasing in size from the outside in. The outermost wavy groove is used as the standard, and the lenses are scaled at different magnifications and placed coaxially. The hollow petal-shaped cylindrical array superlens is composed of a petal-shaped array structure and spherical hollow cylindrical array units. The array structure is formed by periodically arranging spherical hollow cylindrical array units around the same center axis at 60° intervals. Each spherical hollow cylindrical array unit consists of 14 cylinders of the same height, each containing a spherical hollow center, arranged tangent to each other at a specific angle. The deflection angles of the lines connecting the centers of the cylinders from the inside out are 90°, 65°, 66°, 49°, 39°, 12°, 353°, 321°, 290°, 290°, 263°, 255°, and 249°, respectively. The cylinder diameters from the inside out are 4 mm, 2.4 mm, 3.2 mm, 4 mm, 4.8 mm, 5.6 mm, 6.8 mm, 8 mm, 6.8 mm, 5.6 mm, 4.8 mm, 4 mm, 3.2 mm, and 2.4 mm, respectively. The cylinder height is 2.5 mm. Each cylinder has a spherical hollow center with a diameter of 1 mm at its center.

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