A heat-insulating composite material containing phase change material and a preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a heat-insulating composite material containing phase change material and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of heat-insulating materials. The heat-insulating composite material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of hydrophilic thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, 50-60 parts of phase change microcapsules, 5-12 parts of inorganic fillers, 0.8-1.2 parts of coupling agents, 8-10 parts of polyethersulfone-based hyperbranched epoxy resins with epoxy end groups, 3-5 parts of 2,2-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, and 1-2 parts of amino-terminated hyperbranched polysiloxane HPSi-NH2. The heat-insulating composite material containing phase change material disclosed by the invention has good heat-insulating effect, is easy to use, can realize full conformal and fixed assembly, has good mechanical properties and heat aging resistance, and has a long service life.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of heat-insulating materials, and in particular to a heat-insulating composite material containing a phase-change material and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the development of economy and the advancement of global industrialization, environmental and energy problems remain severe, and people are becoming more and more aware of improving the living environment. It is under this situation that clean new energy devices have attracted widespread attention in the industry. As a common clean new energy device, power batteries have grown stronger and more widely with the strong support of the country. At the same time, people have also put forward higher requirements for their normal working stability, battery efficiency and cycle life.

[0003] There are a lot of thermal insulation materials in existing power batteries. These thermal insulation materials can not only reasonably utilize the limited space of the battery pack, but also make the working heat-generating components and heat-resistant components coexist in the limited space. They can also block the thermal shock of the out-of-control components to other normal components to the maximum extent when extreme thermal runaway occurs, causing thermal runaway in a larger area. The performance of these thermal insulation materials directly affects the safety of power batteries, battery efficiency and cycle life. However, the existing thermal insulation materials for power batteries are mainly based on pure inorganic materials, mostly fiber felt as a support material plus aerogel particles, and there are also porous ceramics and foamed polymers. However, there is a problem with all of the above existing materials, that is, they cannot be fully conformed and fixedly assembled in parts with high three-dimensional irregularities. Moreover, the mechanical strength of these materials also has natural defects. For example, fiber felt aerogel products belong to loose substrates, and their tensile and impact resistance are very low. Porous ceramic products are brittle and fragile, and are not resistant to vibration and sudden external force impact.

[0004] It can be seen that it is of great practical significance to find a thermal insulation material for power batteries that has good thermal insulation effect, is easy to use, can be fully conformed and fixedly assembled, has excellent mechanical properties and heat aging resistance, and has a long service life. Summary of the invention

[0005] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a thermal insulation composite material containing phase change material, which has good thermal insulation effect, is easy to use, can achieve complete conformal and fixed assembly, has excellent mechanical properties and heat aging resistance, and has a long service life, and a preparation method thereof.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a thermal insulation composite material containing phase change material, which is made of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of hydrophilic thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, 50-60 parts of phase change microcapsules, 5-12 parts of inorganic filler, and 0.8-1.2 parts of coupling agent.

[0007] Preferably, the hydrophilic thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer is HydroThane™ AL 93A.

[0008] Preferably, the phase change microcapsule is selected from at least one of the phase change microcapsule AX-1 provided by Angxing New Carbon Materials Changzhou Co., Ltd., the phase change microcapsule model PH-21 provided by Shanghai Genduo Material Technology Co., Ltd., the phase change microcapsule model PH-31 provided by Shanghai Genduo Material Technology Co., Ltd., and the phase change microcapsule model RX-xb001 provided by Hefei Ruixue New Material Technology Co., Ltd.

[0009] Preferably, the inorganic filler is expanded perlite; the average particle size of the expanded perlite is 1.0-3.0 mm, and the bulk density is 40-50 kg / m 3 .

[0010] Preferably, the coupling agent is at least one of silane coupling agent KH550, silane coupling agent KH560, and silane coupling agent KH570.

[0011] Preferably, the thermal insulation composite material containing phase change material also includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8-10 parts of polyethersulfone-based hyperbranched epoxy resin with epoxy terminal groups, 3-5 parts of 2,2-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, and 1-2 parts of amino-terminated hyperbranched polysiloxane HPSi-NH2.

[0012] Preferably, the polyethersulfone-based hyperbranched epoxy resin having epoxy terminal groups is prepared according to the method in Example 18 of Chinese invention patent CN104311832B.

[0013] Preferably, the amino-terminated hyperbranched polysiloxane HPSi-NH2 is prepared according to the method of Example 1 of Chinese invention patent CN110156948B.

[0014] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the thermal insulation composite material containing phase change material, comprising the following steps:

[0015] Step S1, mixing: mixing a hydrophilic thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, a phase change microcapsule, an inorganic filler, a coupling agent, 2,2-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, and an amino-terminated hyperbranched polysiloxane HPSi-NH2 in parts by weight, mixing at 70-90° C. for 50-70 min, cooling to room temperature, adding a polyethersulfone-based hyperbranched epoxy resin having an epoxy terminal group, and mixing until uniform;

[0016] Step S2, molding and curing: the raw material mixture kneaded in step S1 is molded and cured by compression molding, extrusion molding or injection molding to produce a thermal insulation composite material containing a phase change material.

[0017] Due to the application of the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] (1) The method for preparing the thermal insulation composite material containing phase change material disclosed in the present invention can be completed by using conventional equipment and processes, has a short preparation cycle, is easy to operate, has low energy consumption, and has a high qualified rate of finished products. It is suitable for industrial production and has a high value for promotion and application.

[0019] (2) The heat-insulating composite material containing phase change material disclosed in the present invention has better compatibility with each other through the reasonable selection of the types and proportions of various raw materials, and can better play a role in mutual cooperation. It uses a hydrophilic thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer as a base material, and other components are "fused" into it. Because the hydrophilic thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer has good "plasticity", it can be formed into a component with a high degree of three-dimensional special shape by compression molding, extrusion molding or injection molding, so that the final product can achieve complete shape-fitting and fixed assembly, is easy to use, and has the advantages of good mechanical properties.

[0020] (3) The heat-insulating composite material containing phase change material disclosed in the present invention uses a hydrophilic thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer as a substrate, which is modified by phase change microcapsules. The final product achieves heat insulation through the internal water vapor evaporation energy and the heat storage energy provided by each level of phase change material; the addition of phase change microcapsules enables the phase change material to achieve a phase change between solid and liquid in the microcapsules without changing the original uniformity or causing leakage loss, thereby giving the composite material excellent performance stability and flexibility. By reasonably selecting the types of substrate and phase change microcapsules, the compatibility between them is improved, so that the phase change microcapsules are evenly dispersed in the substrate, thereby improving the heat insulation effect and performance stability. At the same time, the hydrophilic thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer has a good water absorption function, which can achieve heat insulation by absorbing heat through the evaporation of absorbed water.

[0021] (4) In the thermal insulation composite material containing phase change material disclosed in the present invention, the addition of inorganic filler can enhance the mechanical properties of the material and can also physically fix the phase change microcapsules to avoid their extravasation during processing and phase change, thereby effectively improving the stability of the material.

[0022] (5) The heat-insulating composite material containing phase change material disclosed in the present invention is prepared from raw materials including: 8-10 parts of polyethersulfone-based hyperbranched epoxy resin with epoxy end groups, 3-5 parts of 2,2-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, and 1-2 parts of amino-terminated hyperbranched polysiloxane HPSi-NH2. Sulfone groups, phenyl ether groups, fluorine-containing groups, hyperbranched polysiloxanes, and hyperbranched epoxy resin structures are simultaneously introduced into the material. Under the multiple effects of electronic effect, steric effect, and conjugation effect, the heat aging resistance and flame retardancy of the product are effectively improved, thereby effectively extending the service life of the material. On the other hand, the introduction of these raw materials will also form an interpenetrating network structure, further improving the heat insulation effect. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The following description is used to disclose the present invention so that those skilled in the art can implement the present invention. The preferred embodiments described below are only examples, and those skilled in the art may think of other obvious variations.

[0024] Example 1

[0025] A heat-insulating composite material containing phase change material is made of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of hydrophilic thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, 50 parts of phase change microcapsules, 5 parts of inorganic fillers, and 0.8 parts of coupling agents.

[0026] The hydrophilic thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer is HydroThane™ AL 93A; the phase change microcapsule is a mixture of phase change microcapsule AX-1 provided by Angxing New Carbon Materials Changzhou Co., Ltd., phase change microcapsule model PH-21 provided by Shanghai Genduo Material Technology Co., Ltd., phase change microcapsule model PH-31 provided by Shanghai Genduo Material Technology Co., Ltd., and phase change microcapsule model RX-xb001 provided by Hefei Ruixue New Material Technology Co., Ltd. in a mass ratio of 1:2:1:3.

[0027] The inorganic filler is expanded perlite; the average particle size of the expanded perlite is 1.0 mm, and the bulk density is 40 kg / m 3 ; The coupling agent is silane coupling agent KH550.

[0028] The thermal insulation composite material containing phase change material is also made of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8 parts of polyethersulfone-based hyperbranched epoxy resin with epoxy end groups, 3 parts of 2,2-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, and 1 part of amino-terminated hyperbranched polysiloxane HPSi-NH2.

[0029] The polyethersulfone-based hyperbranched epoxy resin with epoxy terminal groups is prepared according to the method in Example 18 of Chinese invention patent CN104311832B; the amino-terminated hyperbranched polysiloxane HPSi-NH2 is prepared according to the method in Example 1 of Chinese invention patent CN110156948B.

[0030] A method for preparing the thermal insulation composite material containing phase change material comprises the following steps:

[0031] Step S1, mixing: mixing a hydrophilic thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, a phase change microcapsule, an inorganic filler, a coupling agent, 2,2-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, and an amino-terminated hyperbranched polysiloxane HPSi-NH2 according to weight ratio, mixing at 70° C. for 50 min, cooling to room temperature, and then adding a polyethersulfone-based hyperbranched epoxy resin having an epoxy terminal group, and mixing until uniform;

[0032] Step S2, molding and curing: the raw material mixture after kneading in step S1 is molded and cured by compression molding to produce a thermal insulation composite material containing phase change material; the compression molding pressure is 5 MPa, the temperature is 185° C., and the time is 1 hour.

[0033] Example 2

[0034] A heat-insulating composite material containing phase change material is made of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of hydrophilic thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, 53 parts of phase change microcapsules, 7 parts of inorganic fillers, and 0.9 parts of coupling agents.

[0035] The hydrophilic thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer is HydroThane™ AL 93A; the phase change microcapsules are selected from the phase change microcapsules AX-1 provided by Angxing New Carbon Materials Changzhou Co., Ltd., the phase change microcapsules model PH-21 provided by Shanghai Genduo Material Technology Co., Ltd., the phase change microcapsules model PH-31 provided by Shanghai Genduo Material Technology Co., Ltd., and the phase change microcapsules model RX-xb001 provided by Hefei Ruixue New Material Technology Co., Ltd., which are mixed in a mass ratio of 2:3:5:3 to form a mixture.

[0036] The inorganic filler is expanded perlite; the average particle size of the expanded perlite is 1.5 mm, and the bulk density is 43 kg / m 3 ; The coupling agent is silane coupling agent KH560.

[0037] The thermal insulation composite material containing phase change material also includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8.5 parts of polyethersulfone-based hyperbranched epoxy resin with epoxy end groups, 3.5 parts of 2,2-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, and 1.2 parts of amino-terminated hyperbranched polysiloxane HPSi-NH2; the polyethersulfone-based hyperbranched epoxy resin with epoxy end groups is prepared according to the method in Example 18 of Chinese invention patent CN104311832B; the amino-terminated hyperbranched polysiloxane HPSi-NH2 is prepared according to the method in Example 1 of Chinese invention patent CN110156948B.

[0038] A method for preparing the thermal insulation composite material containing phase change material comprises the following steps:

[0039] Step S1, mixing: mixing a hydrophilic thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, a phase change microcapsule, an inorganic filler, a coupling agent, 2,2-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, and an amino-terminated hyperbranched polysiloxane HPSi-NH2 according to weight ratio, mixing at 75° C. for 55 minutes, cooling to room temperature, and then adding a polyethersulfone-based hyperbranched epoxy resin having an epoxy terminal group, and mixing until uniform;

[0040] Step S2, molding and curing: the raw material mixture after kneading in step S1 is molded and cured by compression molding to produce a thermal insulation composite material containing phase change material; the compression molding pressure is 5 MPa, the temperature is 185° C., and the time is 1 hour.

[0041] Example 3

[0042] A heat-insulating composite material containing phase change material is made of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of hydrophilic thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, 55 parts of phase change microcapsules, 9 parts of inorganic fillers, and 1 part of coupling agent.

[0043] The hydrophilic thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer is HydroThane™ AL 93A; the phase change microcapsules are selected from the phase change microcapsules AX-1 provided by Angxing New Carbon Materials Changzhou Co., Ltd., the phase change microcapsules model PH-21 provided by Shanghai Genduo Material Technology Co., Ltd., the phase change microcapsules model PH-31 provided by Shanghai Genduo Material Technology Co., Ltd., and the phase change microcapsules model RX-xb001 provided by Hefei Ruixue New Material Technology Co., Ltd., which are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:3:2:4 to form a mixture.

[0044] The inorganic filler is expanded perlite; the average particle size of the expanded perlite is 2.0 mm, and the bulk density is 45 kg / m 3 ; The coupling agent is silane coupling agent KH570.

[0045] The thermal insulation composite material containing phase change material also includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 9 parts of polyethersulfone-based hyperbranched epoxy resin with epoxy end groups, 4 parts of 2,2-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, and 1.5 parts of amino-terminated hyperbranched polysiloxane HPSi-NH2; the polyethersulfone-based hyperbranched epoxy resin with epoxy end groups is prepared according to the method in Example 18 of Chinese invention patent CN104311832B; the amino-terminated hyperbranched polysiloxane HPSi-NH2 is prepared according to the method in Example 1 of Chinese invention patent CN110156948B.

[0046] A method for preparing the thermal insulation composite material containing phase change material comprises the following steps:

[0047] Step S1, mixing: mixing a hydrophilic thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, a phase change microcapsule, an inorganic filler, a coupling agent, 2,2-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, and an amino-terminated hyperbranched polysiloxane HPSi-NH2 according to weight ratio, mixing at 80° C. for 60 min, cooling to room temperature, and then adding a polyethersulfone-based hyperbranched epoxy resin having an epoxy terminal group, and mixing until uniform;

[0048] Step S2, molding and curing: the raw material mixture after kneading in step S1 is molded and cured by compression molding to produce a thermal insulation composite material containing phase change material; the compression molding pressure is 5 MPa, the temperature is 185° C., and the time is 1 hour.

[0049] Example 4

[0050] A heat-insulating composite material containing phase change material is made of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of hydrophilic thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, 58 parts of phase change microcapsules, 11 parts of inorganic fillers, and 1.1 parts of coupling agents.

[0051] The hydrophilic thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer is HydroThane™ AL 93A; the phase change microcapsules are selected from the phase change microcapsules AX-1 provided by Angxing New Carbon Materials Changzhou Co., Ltd., the phase change microcapsules model PH-21 provided by Shanghai Genduo Material Technology Co., Ltd., the phase change microcapsules model PH-31 provided by Shanghai Genduo Material Technology Co., Ltd., and the phase change microcapsules model RX-xb001 provided by Hefei Ruixue New Material Technology Co., Ltd., which are mixed in a mass ratio of 3:1:2:5 to form a mixture.

[0052] The inorganic filler is expanded perlite; the average particle size of the expanded perlite is 2.5 mm, and the bulk density is 48 kg / m 3The coupling agent is a mixture of silane coupling agent KH550, silane coupling agent KH560 and silane coupling agent KH570 in a mass ratio of 1:3:2.

[0053] The thermal insulation composite material containing phase change material also includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 9.5 parts of polyethersulfone-based hyperbranched epoxy resin with epoxy end groups, 4.5 parts of 2,2-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, and 1.8 parts of amino-terminated hyperbranched polysiloxane HPSi-NH2; the polyethersulfone-based hyperbranched epoxy resin with epoxy end groups is prepared according to the method in Example 18 of Chinese invention patent CN104311832B; the amino-terminated hyperbranched polysiloxane HPSi-NH2 is prepared according to the method in Example 1 of Chinese invention patent CN110156948B.

[0054] A method for preparing the thermal insulation composite material containing phase change material comprises the following steps:

[0055] Step S1, mixing: mixing a hydrophilic thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, a phase change microcapsule, an inorganic filler, a coupling agent, 2,2-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, and an amino-terminated hyperbranched polysiloxane HPSi-NH2 according to weight ratio, mixing at 85° C. for 65 min, cooling to room temperature, and then adding a polyethersulfone-based hyperbranched epoxy resin having an epoxy terminal group, and mixing until uniform;

[0056] Step S2, molding and curing: the raw material mixture after kneading in step S1 is molded and cured by compression molding to produce a thermal insulation composite material containing phase change material; the compression molding pressure is 5 MPa, the temperature is 185° C., and the time is 1 hour.

[0057] Example 5

[0058] A heat-insulating composite material containing phase change material is made of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of hydrophilic thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, 60 parts of phase change microcapsules, 12 parts of inorganic fillers, and 1.2 parts of coupling agents.

[0059] The hydrophilic thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer is HydroThane™ AL 93A; the phase change microcapsules are selected from the phase change microcapsules AX-1 provided by Angxing New Carbon Materials Changzhou Co., Ltd., the phase change microcapsules model PH-21 provided by Shanghai Genduo Material Technology Co., Ltd., the phase change microcapsules model PH-31 provided by Shanghai Genduo Material Technology Co., Ltd., and the phase change microcapsules model RX-xb001 provided by Hefei Ruixue New Material Technology Co., Ltd., which are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:2:2:5 to form a mixture.

[0060] The inorganic filler is expanded perlite; the average particle size of the expanded perlite is 3.0 mm, and the bulk density is 50 kg / m 3 ; The coupling agent is silane coupling agent KH550.

[0061] The thermal insulation composite material containing phase change material also includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of polyethersulfone-based hyperbranched epoxy resin with epoxy end groups, 5 parts of 2,2-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, and 2 parts of amino-terminated hyperbranched polysiloxane HPSi-NH2; the polyethersulfone-based hyperbranched epoxy resin with epoxy end groups is prepared according to the method in Example 18 of Chinese invention patent CN104311832B; the amino-terminated hyperbranched polysiloxane HPSi-NH2 is prepared according to the method in Example 1 of Chinese invention patent CN110156948B.

[0062] A method for preparing the thermal insulation composite material containing phase change material comprises the following steps:

[0063] Step S1, mixing: mixing a hydrophilic thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, a phase change microcapsule, an inorganic filler, a coupling agent, 2,2-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, and an amino-terminated hyperbranched polysiloxane HPSi-NH2 according to weight ratio, mixing at 90° C. for 70 minutes, cooling to room temperature, and then adding a polyethersulfone-based hyperbranched epoxy resin having an epoxy terminal group, and mixing until uniform;

[0064] Step S2, molding and curing: the raw material mixture after kneading in step S1 is molded and cured by compression molding to produce a thermal insulation composite material containing phase change material; the compression molding pressure is 5 MPa, the temperature is 185° C., and the time is 1 hour.

[0065] Comparative Example 1

[0066] The present invention provides a thermal insulation composite material containing a phase change material, which is similar to Example 1, except that 2,2-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane and amino-terminated hyperbranched polysiloxane HPSi-NH2 are not added.

[0067] Comparative Example 2

[0068] The present invention provides a thermal insulation composite material containing a phase change material, which is similar to Example 1, except that Elastollan 1170A BASF thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer is used instead of the hydrophilic thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer HydroThane™ AL 93A.

[0069] In order to further illustrate the beneficial technical effects of the thermal insulation composite materials containing phase change materials prepared in each embodiment of the present invention, the thermal insulation composite materials containing phase change materials prepared in each example are subjected to relevant performance tests. The test results are shown in Table 1. The test methods are as follows: the tensile strength is tested with reference to ASTM D638, and the hardness is tested with reference to ASTM D2240; the thermal conductivity is tested according to GB / T10295-2008; the heat aging resistance performance is to place each product in an artificial accelerated aging box at 85°C for artificial accelerated hot air aging for 96 hours, and after cooling to room temperature, the tensile strength after aging is measured, and the retention rate of tensile strength is used to measure it. The larger the value, the better the heat aging resistance, and the retention rate of tensile strength = tensile strength after aging / tensile strength before aging × 100%, wherein the tests of tensile strength after aging and tensile strength before stretching are both carried out according to ASTM D638 standard.

[0070] It can be seen from Table 1 that the thermal insulation composite material containing phase change material disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention has more excellent mechanical properties, heat aging resistance and thermal insulation performance than the comparative example product.

[0071] Table 1 Performance test results of thermal insulation composite materials containing phase change materials

[0072]

[0073] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions only describe the principles of the present invention. The present invention may be subject to various changes and improvements without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. These changes and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed by the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A thermal insulation composite material containing a phase change material, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of hydrophilic thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, 50-60 parts of phase change microcapsules, 5-12 parts of inorganic fillers, 0.8-1.2 parts of coupling agents, 8-10 parts of polyethersulfone-based hyperbranched epoxy resin with epoxy end groups, 3-5 parts of 2,2-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, and 1-2 parts of amino-terminated hyperbranched polysiloxane HPSi-NH2; the phase change microcapsules are selected from Angxing new carbon At least one of the phase change microcapsules AX-1 provided by Changzhou Material Co., Ltd., the phase change microcapsules PH-21 provided by Shanghai Genduo Material Technology Co., Ltd., the phase change microcapsules PH-31 provided by Shanghai Genduo Material Technology Co., Ltd., and the phase change microcapsules RX-xb001 provided by Hefei Ruixue New Material Technology Co., Ltd.; the inorganic filler is expanded perlite; the average particle size of the expanded perlite is 1.0-3.0 mm, and the bulk density is 40-50 kg / m 3 ; The polyethersulfone-based hyperbranched epoxy resin with epoxy end groups is prepared as follows: Step C1: 22.88 g of 4,4'-difluorodiphenyl sulfone, 35.04 g of trisphenol methane, 49.68 g of potassium carbonate as a catalyst, and 583 ml of N-methylpyrrolidone as a solvent are added together into a 1000 ml four-necked flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, a thermometer, a spherical reflux condenser, a water separator, and a nitrogen protection device, and the target temperature is set to 180° C. When the system begins to reflux, the reaction is carried out at the target temperature for 6 hours; after the reaction is completed, the reaction solution is poured into a mixed solution of 2500 ml of water and hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 0.1 mol / L, and a crude product is obtained by suction filtration; the crude product is precipitated three times with a mixed solution of 2000 ml of alcohol and water, and dried to obtain a polyethersulfone type hyperbranched polymer with a hydroxyl end group; wherein the volume ratio of alcohol to water in the mixed solution of alcohol and water is 2:1; Step C2: 30g of a polyethersulfone hyperbranched polymer having a hydroxyl terminal group, 336g of epichlorohydrin, and 5.7g of tetrabutylammonium bromide are added together into a 500ml four-necked flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, a thermometer, a spherical reflux condenser and a nitrogen protection device, and reacted in a 110°C water bath for 3h, then the system is naturally cooled to 50°C, and the system is maintained at 50°C and a 30% NaOH solution prepared by mixing 5g of NaOH and 11.6g of water is added dropwise into the system, and the reaction is continued for 3h after the addition is complete; after the reaction is completed, the system is cooled to room temperature, the reaction solution is slowly poured into 3000ml of water, stirred to precipitate the product, and the upper layer of liquid is discarded to obtain a viscous crude product; the crude product is precipitated 3 times with 2000ml of a mixed solution of alcohol and water, and dried to obtain a polyethersulfone hyperbranched epoxy resin having an epoxy terminal group; wherein the volume ratio of alcohol to water in the mixed solution of alcohol and water is 2:1; The amino-terminated hyperbranched polysiloxane HPSi-NH2 is prepared by the following method: 3.6 g of water is added to 22.14 g of kh550, and 20 mL of ethanol is added to the system, 10.8 g of trimethylchlorosilane is slowly added dropwise under stirring, and the reaction is continuously refluxed and stirred at 50° C. for 5 hours. After the reaction is completed, the pH of the system is adjusted to neutral with sodium ethoxide, and then the generated solid salt is removed by high-speed centrifugation in a centrifuge, and finally the small molecular ethanol is removed by a rotary evaporator to obtain the amino-terminated hyperbranched polysiloxane HPSi-NH2.

2. The thermal insulation composite material containing phase change material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrophilic thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer is HydroThane™ AL 93A.

3. The thermal insulation composite material containing phase change material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coupling agent is at least one of silane coupling agent KH550, silane coupling agent KH560 and silane coupling agent KH570.

4. A method for preparing a thermal insulation composite material containing a phase change material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The steps include: Step S1, mixing: mixing a hydrophilic thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, a phase change microcapsule, an inorganic filler, a coupling agent, 2,2-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, and an amino-terminated hyperbranched polysiloxane HPSi-NH2 in parts by weight, mixing at 70-90° C. for 50-70 min, cooling to room temperature, adding a polyethersulfone-based hyperbranched epoxy resin having an epoxy terminal group, and mixing until uniform; Step S2, molding and curing: the raw material mixture kneaded in step S1 is molded and cured by compression molding, extrusion molding or injection molding to produce a thermal insulation composite material containing a phase change material.

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