An experimental apparatus and method for simulating multi-point rubbing faults in steam turbine rotors.

Abstract

This invention discloses an experimental apparatus and method for simulating multi-point rubbing faults in a steam turbine rotor. The apparatus includes an experimental platform base, a drive motor, a first bearing housing, a rotor, a second bearing housing, and a wheel. The rotor is rotatably connected to the first and second bearing housings at both ends, with one end extending out and connected to the drive motor. The first and second bearing housings and the drive motor are fixedly connected to the experimental platform base. The wheel is fixedly connected to the rotor. A pressing and rubbing mechanism is installed on the upper, lower, and left sides of the wheel, engaging with it. This invention allows for adjusting the rotational speed of the drive motor to change the timing of periodic rubbing faults. By adding rubbing plates, multi-point rubbing faults can be simulated. Adjusting the hydraulic cylinder changes the gap between rubbing plates one or two and the wheel, simulating different degrees of rubbing faults. The overall structure is simple, and the rubbing plates are easy to install.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of turbine rotor rubbing fault simulation technology, specifically to an experimental apparatus and method for simulating multi-point rubbing faults of turbine rotors. Background Technology

[0002] As one of the main pieces of equipment in thermal power plants, steam turbine generator sets have a complex structure and small clearances between rotating and stationary parts. The harsh operating environment increases the probability of rubbing failures in the generator set.

[0003] Once a rotor rubbing failure occurs, even minor issues may affect the normal operation of the unit, reduce production efficiency, and lead to a decline in the power plant's economic benefits. In severe cases, rotor rubbing failures often induce other rotor faults, causing increased vibration and wear in the rotor system, permanent bending of the shaft due to heat, and may even lead to the destruction of the unit, resulting in huge economic losses.

[0004] Simulating and analyzing rotor rubbing faults in turbine generator units using a rotor system rubbing fault simulation experimental device is an important method for solving such problems. It is of great significance for the prevention and diagnosis of rubbing faults in generator units.

[0005] Existing rotor rubbing test apparatuses typically consist of a frame with a fixed rubbing screw or rubbing block installed around the rotor. By rotating the rubbing screw or moving the rubbing block, it is brought into direct contact with the rotor surface to simulate rubbing faults between the rotor and stator. This method cannot simulate different forms of rubbing faults, and the prolonged contact between the rubbing screw or rubbing block and the rotor surface causes severe damage to the entire shaft system, resulting in a low safety factor. Another method simulates dynamic and static rubbing faults in the rotor system by using a metal rod to momentarily collide with the rotating rotor or disc during rotor rotation. However, rubbing faults in steam turbines are often periodic and occur at multiple locations between the rotor and stator components. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an experimental device and method for simulating multi-point rubbing faults of steam turbine rotors, so as to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art.

[0007] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows: an experimental device for simulating multi-point rubbing faults of a steam turbine rotor, comprising an experimental platform base, a drive motor, a coupling, a bearing housing one, a rotor, a tie rod, a cam, a drive motor, a bearing housing two, a tie rod, a wheel, a rotor, a rubbing mechanism, a hydraulic cylinder, and a hydraulic cylinder. The rotor is rotatably connected to bearing housing one and bearing housing two at both ends, with one end extending out and connected to the drive motor. Bearing housing one, bearing housing two, and the drive motor are fixedly connected to the experimental platform base. The wheel is fixedly connected to the rotor. The upper, lower, and left sides of the wheel are equipped with pressing and rubbing mechanisms that contact it.

[0008] Preferably, the above-mentioned extrusion and friction mechanism includes friction plate one, friction plate two, and friction plate three, which respectively contact the upper side, left side, and lower side of the wheel. The left end of friction plate one is hinged to friction plate two. The upper end of friction plate two and friction plate one near the middle are hinged to a telescopic adjustment mechanism one. The lower end of friction plate two is hinged to friction plate three. Friction plate three is located on the right side of the wheel and is hinged to a vertical bracket on the friction device fixed base. Friction plate three near the left end and friction plate two near the middle are hinged to a telescopic adjustment mechanism two. The right end of friction plate three is equipped with a cam drive mechanism to drive its rotation. The cam drive mechanism is installed on the friction device fixed base, and the friction device fixed base is fixedly connected to the experimental platform base.

[0009] Preferably, the cam drive mechanism includes a cam, a drive motor, and a rotating wheel. The rotating wheel is rotatably connected to the right end of the grinding plate. The cam is fixedly connected to the motor shaft of the drive motor and cooperates with the rotating wheel. The rotation of the cam can press the rotating wheel downward. The drive motor is fixedly connected to the fixed base of the grinding device through a drive motor bracket.

[0010] Preferably, the cam is provided with a cam groove around its circumference, and the rotating wheel is movably embedded in the cam groove.

[0011] Preferably, a T-shaped rod is provided at the left end of the aforementioned grinding plate three, and a vertical plate is provided on the left side of the grinding device fixing base. The vertical plate is provided with a T-shaped groove that is concentric with the right end hinge point of the grinding plate three, and the T-shaped rod is embedded into the T-shaped groove.

[0012] Preferably, the T-shaped rod includes a horizontal section of a circular shaft and a vertical section perpendicular to the middle of the circular shaft.

[0013] Preferably, the above-mentioned telescopic adjustment mechanism 1 adopts hydraulic cylinder 1, and the cylinder seat and cylinder rod 1 of hydraulic cylinder 1 are respectively hinged to grinding plate 1 and grinding plate 2.

[0014] Preferably, the above-mentioned telescopic adjustment mechanism 2 adopts hydraulic cylinder 2, and the cylinder seat and cylinder rod 2 of hydraulic cylinder 2 are respectively hinged to the grinding plate 3 and the grinding plate 2.

[0015] An experimental method for simulating multi-point rubbing faults of a steam turbine rotor is disclosed. The method comprises the following steps: Before the experiment, the near-repose angle end faces of hydraulic cylinders one and two and the cam are tangent to the rotor. At this time, rubbing plates one, two, and three are separated from the rotor disc. The drive motor is started to rotate the rotor, which in turn rotates the rotor disc. When the cam is rotated to the far-repose angle by the drive motor, rubbing plate three contacts the rotor disc, thus simulating a single-point rubbing fault. The extension and retraction of hydraulic cylinder two causes rubbing plate two to contact the rotor disc, thus simulating a two-point rubbing fault. The extension and retraction of hydraulic cylinder one causes rubbing plate one to contact the rotor disc, thus simulating a three-point rubbing fault.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Compared with the prior art, this invention uses a rubbing fault fixing base mounted on an experimental platform. A drive motor fixed to the rubbing fault fixing base drives a cam, causing a rubbing plate fixedly connected to the rubbing fault fixing base to rotate along the fixed shaft of the support. When the tip of the cam points vertically downward, the rubbing plate rubs against the wheel. By adjusting the speed of the drive motor, the time of periodic rubbing faults can be changed. By adding a rubbing plate, multi-point rubbing faults can be simulated. By adjusting the hydraulic cylinder, the gap between the rubbing plate and the wheel can be changed to simulate different degrees of rubbing faults. The turbine rotor rubbing fault simulation experimental device of this invention has a simple overall structure, the rubbing plate is easy to install and adjust, and the experimental device is easy to operate. It helps to analyze the signals of abnormal faults such as dynamic and static rubbing in turbine units, and can provide a reliable basis for identifying rubbing faults and determining the location of rubbing faults. It can be well applied to experimental research and teaching research on turbine rotor rubbing faults. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a right view of the grinding device of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a front view of the grinding device of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a top view of the grinding device of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the wheel structure of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the fixed base structure of the grinding device of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first grinding plate of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 8This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second grinding plate of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the grinding plate three of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the cam structure of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the adjustable length pull rod device of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 12 This is a right view of the single-point impact grinding experimental device of the present invention.

[0029] The labels in the diagram represent: 1. Experimental platform base; 2. Motor mounting bracket one; 3. Drive motor; 4. Motor mounting bracket two; 5. Coupling; 6. Bearing housing one; 7. Rotor; 8. Cylinder rod one; 9. Grinding plate one; 10. Cam; 11. Drive motor bracket; 12. Drive motor; 13. Drive motor bracket; 14. Sliding bearing; 15. Bearing housing two; 16. Cylinder rod two; 17. Grinding plate two; 18. Wheel; 19. Grinding plate three; 20. Rotary wheel; 21. Grinding device mounting base; 22. Hydraulic cylinder two; 23. Hydraulic cylinder one. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0031] Example 1: As Figure 1-12 As shown, a turbine rotor single-point rubbing fault simulation experimental device includes an experimental platform base 1, a drive motor 3, a coupling 5, a bearing housing 1 6, a rotor 7, a cylinder rod 1 8, a rubbing plate 9, a cam 10, a drive motor 12, a bearing housing 2 15, a cylinder rod 2 16, a rubbing plate 17, a wheel 18, a rubbing plate 19, a rotating wheel 20, a rubbing device fixing base 21, a hydraulic cylinder 2 22, and a hydraulic cylinder 1 23. The drive motor 3 is horizontally fixed to the experimental platform base 1 through a motor fixing base 1 2 and a motor fixing base 2 4. The motor shaft of the drive motor 3 is fixedly connected to the rotor 7 through a coupling 5. The two ends of the rotor 7 are supported and fixed to the experimental platform base 1 by bearing housing 1 6 with sliding bearings 14 and bearing housing 2 15, respectively. The wheel 18 is fixedly connected to the rotor 7. The upper, lower, and left sides of the wheel 18 are equipped with a pressing and rubbing mechanism that contacts it.

[0032] The aforementioned pressing and rubbing mechanism includes a first rubbing plate 9, a second rubbing plate 17, and a third rubbing plate 19 that respectively contact the upper, left, and lower sides of the wheel 18. The left end of the first rubbing plate 9 is hinged to the second rubbing plate 17. A telescopic adjustment mechanism 1 is hinged between the upper end of the second rubbing plate 17 and the first rubbing plate 9 near the middle. The lower end of the second rubbing plate 17 is hinged to the third rubbing plate 19. The third rubbing plate 19 is located on the right side of the wheel 18 and is hinged to a vertical bracket on the fixed base 21 of the rubbing device via a pin. A telescopic adjustment mechanism 2 is hinged between the left end of the grinding plate 3 19 and the middle part of the grinding plate 2 17. A cam drive mechanism that drives the rotation of the grinding plate 3 19 is installed on the right end. The cam drive mechanism is installed on the grinding device fixed base 21. The grinding device fixed base 21 is fixedly connected to the experimental table base 1. The extrusion grinding mechanism can achieve three-point contact. By adjusting the position of the contact point, the grinding range is wider. When the control is within the range of less than 180 degrees, periodic grinding can be achieved.

[0033] The aforementioned cam drive mechanism includes a cam 10, a drive motor 12, and a rotating wheel 20. The rotating wheel 20 is rotatably connected to the right end of the three-piece grinding plate 19 via a pin. The cam 10 is fixedly connected to the motor shaft of the drive motor 12 and cooperates with the rotating wheel 20. The rotation of the cam 10 can press the rotating wheel 20 downward. The drive motor 12 is fixedly connected to the grinding device mounting base 21 via a drive motor bracket 11. The cam 10 has a cam groove around its circumference, and the rotating wheel 20 is movably embedded in the cam groove, which can realize periodic grinding fault detection.

[0034] The grinding device fixing base 21 is placed horizontally with the limiting hole aligned with the limiting hole of the experimental table base 1. The grinding device fixing base 21 is fixed to the experimental table base 1 with screws.

[0035] Preferably, a T-shaped rod 24 is provided at the left end of the aforementioned grinding plate 3 19, and a vertical plate 25 is provided on the left side of the grinding device fixing base 21. The vertical plate 25 is provided with a T-shaped groove 26 that is concentric with the right end hinge point of the grinding plate 3 19. The T-shaped rod 24 is embedded in the T-shaped groove 26. The T-shaped rod 24 and the T-shaped groove 26 can perform directional and stable rotation of the grinding plate 3, thereby limiting the horizontal swing of the grinding plate.

[0036] Preferably, the T-shaped rod 24 includes a horizontal section of a round shaft and a vertical section perpendicular to the middle of the round shaft. The round shaft is placed in the T-shaped groove, and the grinding plate 3 can rotate around the axis of the fixed position of the vertical support, and the grinding plate will not move in other directions.

[0037] Preferably, the above-mentioned telescopic adjustment mechanism 1 adopts a hydraulic cylinder 23. The cylinder seat and cylinder rod 8 of the hydraulic cylinder 23 are respectively hinged to the grinding plate 9 and the grinding plate 17, which can adjust the contact between the grinding plate 1 and the wheel disc, and make elastic contact.

[0038] Preferably, the above-mentioned telescopic adjustment mechanism 2 adopts hydraulic cylinder 22. The cylinder seat and cylinder rod 16 of hydraulic cylinder 22 are respectively hinged to the grinding plate 17 and the grinding plate 9, which can adjust the contact between the grinding plate 2 and the wheel.

[0039] Preferably, when the non-pointed surface (near the repose angle) of the cam 10 is tangent to the rotating wheel 20, the circular shaft of the grinding plate 19 is located at the lowest point of the T-slot. When the drive motor and the drag motor are started, the drag motor 12 drives the cam 10 to rotate 180° around the rotor axis of the drag motor from this position. At this moment, the pointed surface (far the repose angle) of the groove of the cam 10 is tangent to the rotating wheel 20, and the grinding plate 19 rotates a certain angle around the axis of the fixed position on the bracket. The circular shaft end of the grinding plate 19 moves upward along the T-slot, and the grinding plate 19 contacts the lower part of the wheel. The grinding plate 17 contacts the side of the wheel, resulting in a two-point periodic grinding failure.

[0040] In actual testing, acoustic emission sensors need to be placed on the bearing housing to obtain acoustic emission signals of rubbing faults in the rotor system. Alternatively, an acceleration sensor can be placed on the bearing housing and an eddy current displacement sensor can be placed near the rotor to obtain vibration signals of rubbing faults in the rotor system. Fault diagnosis can be made based on these signals.

[0041] Example 2: An experimental method for simulating multi-point grinding faults of a steam turbine rotor using an experimental device. The method is as follows: Before the experiment, the near-repose angle end faces of hydraulic cylinder one, hydraulic cylinder two, and the cam are tangent to the rotor. At this time, grinding plates one, two, and three are all separated from the wheel. The drive motor is started to drive the rotor to rotate, which in turn drives the wheel to rotate. When the cam is driven to rotate to the far-repose angle by the drive motor, grinding plate three contacts the wheel, realizing the simulation of a single-point grinding fault. The extension and retraction of hydraulic cylinder two is controlled to make grinding plate two contact the wheel, realizing the simulation of a two-point grinding fault. The extension and retraction of hydraulic cylinder one is controlled to make grinding plate one contact the wheel, realizing the simulation of a three-point grinding fault.

[0042] Release the first friction plate, and control the second and third friction plates to simultaneously contact the wheel. A cam rotates periodically to achieve a periodic friction failure test involving two points of contact. The speed of the driving motor is adjustable at any time.

[0043] By setting the hinge points of friction plate one and friction plate two, and ensuring that the two friction plates can simultaneously contact the wheel when they are not perpendicular to each other, and that the three points are evenly spaced within a range of less than 180 degrees on the wheel, a periodic friction failure test with three-point contact can be achieved. The speed of the drive motor can be adjusted at any time.

[0044] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this invention are as follows: A rubbing fault fixing base is installed on the experimental platform base. A drive motor fixed to the rubbing fault fixing base drives a cam, causing a rubbing plate fixedly connected to the rubbing fault fixing base to rotate along the fixed shaft of the support. When the tip of the cam points vertically downwards, the rubbing plate rubs against the wheel. By adjusting the speed of the drive motor, the time of periodic rubbing faults can be changed. Adding a rubbing plate can simulate multi-point rubbing faults. By adjusting the hydraulic cylinder, the gap between the rubbing plate and the wheel can be changed to simulate different degrees of rubbing faults. Then, an acoustic emission sensor is placed on the bearing housing to acquire the acoustic emission signal of the rotor system experiencing rubbing faults. Alternatively, an acceleration sensor can be placed on the bearing housing, and an eddy current displacement sensor can be placed near the rotor to acquire the vibration signal of the rotor system experiencing rubbing faults. The turbine rotor rubbing fault simulation experimental device of the present invention has a simple overall structure, the rubbing plate is easy to install and adjust, and the experimental device is easy to operate. It helps to analyze the signals of abnormal faults such as dynamic and static rubbing of the turbine unit, and can provide a reliable basis for identifying rubbing faults and judging the location of rubbing faults. It can be well applied to experimental research and teaching research on turbine rotor rubbing faults.

[0045] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. An experimental apparatus for simulating multi-point rubbing faults of a steam turbine rotor, characterized in that: The experimental platform includes a base (1), a drive motor (3), a bearing housing (6), a rotor (7), a bearing housing (15), and a wheel (18). The rotor (7) is rotatably connected to the bearing housing (6) and the bearing housing (15) at both ends, and one end extends out and is connected to the drive motor (3). The bearing housing (6), the bearing housing (15), and the drive motor (3) are fixedly connected to the experimental platform (1). The wheel (18) is fixedly connected to the rotor (7). The upper, lower, and left sides of the wheel (18) are equipped with a squeezing and rubbing mechanism that contacts it. The extrusion and friction mechanism includes friction plate one (9), friction plate two (17), and friction plate three (19) that respectively contact the upper, left, and lower sides of the wheel (18). The left end of friction plate one (9) is hinged to friction plate two (17). The upper end of friction plate two (17) is hinged to friction plate one (9) near the middle. The lower end of friction plate two (17) is hinged to friction plate three (19). Friction plate three (19) is located on the right side of the wheel (18) and is hinged to a vertical bracket on the friction device fixing base (21). The friction plate three (19) is located near the left end of friction plate three (19) and near the middle of friction plate two (17). The second telescopic adjustment mechanism is hinged, and the right end of the third grinding plate (19) is equipped with a cam drive mechanism to drive its rotation. The cam drive mechanism is installed on the fixed base (21) of the grinding device, and the fixed base (21) of the grinding device is fixedly connected to the experimental platform base (1). The first telescopic adjustment mechanism adopts the first hydraulic cylinder (23). The cylinder seat and cylinder rod (8) of the first hydraulic cylinder (23) are respectively hinged to the first grinding plate (9) and the second grinding plate (17). The second telescopic adjustment mechanism adopts the second hydraulic cylinder (22). The cylinder seat and cylinder rod (16) of the second hydraulic cylinder (22) are respectively hinged to the third grinding plate (19) and the second grinding plate (17).

2. The experimental apparatus for simulating multi-point rubbing faults of a steam turbine rotor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cam drive mechanism includes a cam (10), a drive motor (12), and a rotating wheel (20). The rotating wheel (20) is rotatably connected to the right end of the grinding plate three (19). The cam (10) is fixedly connected to the motor shaft of the drive motor (12) and cooperates with the rotating wheel (20). The rotation of the cam (10) can press the rotating wheel (20) downward. The drive motor (12) is fixedly connected to the grinding device fixed base (21) through the drive motor bracket (11).

3. The experimental apparatus for simulating multi-point rubbing faults of a steam turbine rotor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cam (10) has a cam groove around its circumference, and the rotating wheel (20) is movably embedded in the cam groove.

4. The experimental apparatus for simulating multi-point rubbing faults of a steam turbine rotor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A T-shaped rod (24) is provided on the left end of the grinding plate three (19), and a vertical plate (25) is provided on the left side of the grinding device fixing base (21). The vertical plate (25) is provided with a T-shaped groove (26) that is concentric with the right end hinge point of the grinding plate three (19). The T-shaped rod (24) is embedded in the T-shaped groove (26).

5. The experimental apparatus for simulating multi-point rubbing faults of a steam turbine rotor according to claim 4, characterized in that: The T-shaped bar (24) includes a horizontal section of a circular shaft and a vertical section perpendicular to the middle of the circular shaft.

6. The experimental method for simulating multi-point rubbing faults of a steam turbine rotor according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: The method is as follows: Before the experiment, the near-repose angle end faces of hydraulic cylinder one, hydraulic cylinder two, and the cam are tangent to the rotating wheel. At this time, the grinding plates one, two, and three are all separated from the wheel. The drive motor is started to drive the rotor to rotate, which in turn drives the wheel to rotate. When the cam is driven to rotate to the far repose angle by the drive motor, the grinding plate three contacts the wheel, realizing the simulation of a single-point grinding failure. The extension and retraction of hydraulic cylinder two is controlled to make the grinding plate two contact the wheel, realizing the simulation of a two-point grinding failure. The extension and retraction of hydraulic cylinder one is controlled to make the grinding plate one contact the wheel, realizing the simulation of a three-point grinding failure.

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