Providing relevant data items based on context

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to providing relevant data items based on context. Systems and processes for operating an intelligent automated assistant are provided. In one example, a plurality of data items selected by a user are received, where a plurality of confidence values corresponding to the plurality of data items are identified. The plurality of data items are ordered. A first data item is displayed, and updated context information associated with the electronic device is received. An update to the plurality of confidence values is detected, where the updated plurality of confidence values includes a third confidence value associated with a third data item in the ordered plurality of data items. In accordance with a determination that the third confidence value is higher than a first confidence value of the first data item, an order of the ordered plurality of data items is modified, and the third data item in the ordered plurality of data items is displayed.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of Chinese invention patent application filed on May 11, 2021, with national application number 202110513252.4 and invention title "Providing Relevant Data Items Based on Context". Technical Field

[0002] This application relates in general to intelligent automated assistants, and more specifically to context-based provision of relevant data items. Background Technology

[0003] Intelligent automated assistants (or digital assistants) provide a beneficial interface between human users and electronic devices. Such assistants allow users to interact with devices or systems using natural language in voice and / or text. For example, a user can provide voice input containing their request to a digital assistant running on an electronic device. The digital assistant can interpret the user's intent from this voice input and act it out as a task. These tasks can then be performed by executing one or more services of the electronic device, and relevant output in response to the user's request can be returned to the user.

[0004] Electronic devices typically have access to vast amounts of information and other data, which users may find particularly relevant based on a given context. For example, such data may reside on the electronic device, including user information related to calendar appointments, frequently used applications or related tasks, and user-created media such as photos and videos. This information can also be received from external sources, such as weather updates or breaking news. However, conventional systems are not well-equipped to selectively deliver this information to users in an efficient and sophisticated manner. For instance, traditional electronic devices cannot effectively display relevant information to users based on device context, such as related device applications, task predictions, or relevant browsable information. Therefore, an improved system is needed for providing relevant data items based on context. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a system and process for operating an intelligent automated assistant. In one example, multiple data items selected by a user are received, wherein multiple confidence values ​​corresponding to the multiple data items are identified. The multiple data items are sorted, wherein a first data item is displayed, and updated context information associated with an electronic device is received. Updates to the multiple confidence values ​​are detected, wherein the updated multiple confidence values ​​include a third confidence value associated with a third data item among the sorted multiple data items. Based on the determination that the third confidence value is higher than the first confidence value of the first data item, the order of the sorted multiple data items is modified, and the third data item among the sorted multiple data items is displayed. Attached Figure Description

[0006] Figure 1 Block diagrams are shown for systems and environments used to implement digital assistants, based on various examples.

[0007] Figure 2A A block diagram is shown for a portable multi-functional device that implements the client-side portion of a digital assistant according to various examples.

[0008] Figure 2B A block diagram illustrating exemplary components for event handling, based on various examples.

[0009] Figure 3 Portable multi-functional devices are shown that implement the client-side portion of a digital assistant according to various examples.

[0010] Figure 4 A block diagram of an exemplary multifunctional device having a display and a touch-sensitive surface, according to various examples.

[0011] Figure 5A An exemplary user interface for the menu of an application on a portable multi-functional device, based on various examples, is shown.

[0012] Figure 5B Exemplary user interfaces of multifunctional devices with touch-sensitive surfaces separate from the display are shown according to various examples.

[0013] Figure 6A The images show personal electronic devices based on various examples.

[0014] Figure 6B A block diagram illustrating a personal electronic device based on various examples is provided.

[0015] Figures 7A to 7E The system is illustrated with various examples for providing relevant data items based on context.

[0016] Figure 8 The system is illustrated with various examples for providing relevant data items based on context.

[0017] Figure 9 The system is illustrated with various examples for providing relevant data items based on context.

[0018] Figures 10A to 10B The process for providing relevant data items based on context is illustrated with various examples.

[0019] Figure 11 The process for providing relevant data items based on context is illustrated with various examples. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The accompanying drawings will be referenced in the following description of the examples, which illustrate specific examples that can be implemented by way of example. It should be understood that other examples may be used and structural changes may be made without departing from the scope of the individual examples.

[0021] Conventional technologies for providing context-aware, relevant data items are often ineffective. Specifically, traditional systems are poorly equipped to display relevant data items to users based on context, let alone provide continuously updated data items for users to view and select based on the constantly changing device context. Device context can change rapidly due to global events or other environmental changes, such as breaking news (e.g., news related to sports, politics, natural disasters, etc.), weather events (e.g., impending storms, hail warnings, etc.), and other significant events such as emergency public service announcements and government notices. For example, several highly relevant data items may be available to display to the user (e.g., calendar events, tasks to call friends, and app predictions). Conventional devices cannot effectively display these data items to users, let alone determine which items to display or in what order. Furthermore, these devices lack a user interface and underlying logic to allow users to effectively navigate through such data items.

[0022] Although the following description uses the terms "first," "second," etc., to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by the terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, without departing from the scope of the various examples described, a first input may be referred to as a second input, and similarly, a second input may be referred to as a first input. Both the first and second inputs are inputs, and in some cases, they are independent and distinct inputs.

[0023] The terminology used in the description of the various examples herein is for the purpose of describing particular examples only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in the description of the various examples and the appended claims, the singular forms “a” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and / or” as used herein refers to and covers any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will also be understood that the terms “includes”, “including”, “comprises”, and / or “comprising”, when used in this specification, specify the presence of the stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0024] Depending on the context, the term "if" can be interpreted as meaning "when" or "upon" or "in response to determination" or "in response to detection." Similarly, depending on the context, the phrases "if determination..." or "if detection [the stated condition or event]" can be interpreted as meaning "when determination..." or "in response to determination..." or "when detection [the stated condition or event]" or "in response to detection [the stated condition or event]."

[0025] 1. System and Environment

[0026] Figure 1 A block diagram of system 100 according to various examples is shown. In some examples, system 100 implements a digital assistant. The terms "digital assistant," "virtual assistant," "intelligent automated assistant," or "automated digital assistant" refer to any information processing system that interprets natural language input in spoken and / or textual form to infer user intent and performs actions based on the inferred user intent. For example, to act on an inferred user intent, the system performs one or more of the following steps: identifying a task flow having steps and parameters designed to achieve the inferred user intent; inputting a specific request into the task flow based on the inferred user intent; executing the task flow by invoking programs, methods, services, APIs, etc.; and generating an output response to the user in an audible (e.g., voice) and / or visual form.

[0027] Specifically, a digital assistant can accept user requests, at least in part, in the form of natural language commands, requests, statements, narration, and / or inquiries. Typically, user requests seek an informational response or task from the digital assistant. A satisfactory response to a user request includes providing the requested informational response, performing the requested task, or a combination of both. For example, a user asks a digital assistant a question such as, “Where am I now?” Based on the user’s current location, the digital assistant answers, “You are near the west entrance of Central Park.” The user also requests a task, such as, “Please invite my friends to my girlfriend’s birthday party next week.” In response, the digital assistant confirms the request by saying “Okay, coming right away,” and then sends the appropriate calendar invitations to each of the user’s friends listed in the user’s electronic address book. During the performance of the requested task, the digital assistant sometimes interacts with the user in a sustained dialogue involving multiple exchanges of information over extended periods. Many other methods exist for interacting with a digital assistant to request information or perform various tasks. In addition to providing verbal responses and taking programmed actions, digital assistants also provide responses in other forms of video or audio, such as text, alerts, music, video, animation, etc.

[0028] like Figure 1As shown, in some examples, the digital assistant is implemented according to a client-server model. The digital assistant includes a client-side portion 102 (hereinafter referred to as "DA client 102") executing on user device 104 and a server-side portion 106 (hereinafter referred to as "DA server 106") executing on server system 108. DA client 102 communicates with DA server 106 via one or more networks 110. DA client 102 provides client-side functionality, such as user-oriented input and output processing, and communication with DA server 106. DA server 106 provides server-side functionality for any number of DA clients 102, each residing on a corresponding user device 104.

[0029] In some examples, DA server 106 includes a client-facing I / O interface 112, one or more processing modules 114, data and models 116, and an I / O interface 118 to external services. The client-facing I / O interface 112 facilitates client-facing input and output processing of DA server 106. One or more processing modules 114 utilize data and models 116 to process voice input and determine user intent based on natural language input. Furthermore, one or more processing modules 114 perform task execution based on the inferred user intent. In some examples, DA server 106 communicates with external services 120 via one or more networks 110 to complete tasks or collect information. The I / O interface 118 to external services facilitates such communication.

[0030] User equipment 104 can be any suitable electronic device. In some examples, user equipment 104 is a portable multi-functional device (e.g., see reference below). Figure 2A The aforementioned device 200), multifunctional device (for example, see below for reference) Figure 4 The device 400) or personal electronic device (e.g., referred to below) Figures 6A to 6B The device 600 is described above. A portable multifunction device is, for example, a mobile phone that also includes other functions (such as PDA and / or music player functions). Specific examples of portable multifunction devices include Apple Inc. (Cupertino, California). iPod and Devices. Other examples of portable multifunction devices include, but are not limited to, earbuds / headphones, speakers, and laptops or tablets. Additionally, in some examples, user device 104 is a non-portable multifunction device. Specifically, user device 104 is a desktop computer, game console, speaker, television, or set-top box. In some examples, user device 104 includes a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touchscreen display and / or touchpad). Furthermore, user device 104 optionally includes one or more other physical user interface devices, such as a physical keyboard, mouse, and / or joystick. Various examples of electronic devices such as multifunction devices are described in more detail below.

[0031] Examples of one or more communication networks 110 include local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs), such as the Internet. One or more communication networks 110 are implemented using any known network protocol, including various wired or wireless protocols such as Ethernet, Universal Serial Bus (USB), FireWire, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, or any other suitable communication protocol.

[0032] Server system 108 is implemented on one or more stand-alone data processing devices or a distributed computer network. In some examples, server system 108 also utilizes various virtual devices and / or services from third-party service providers (e.g., third-party cloud service providers) to provide potential computing and / or infrastructure resources for server system 108.

[0033] In some examples, user equipment 104 communicates with DA server 106 via a second user equipment 122. The second user equipment 122 is similar to or identical to user equipment 104. For example, the second user equipment 122 is similar to the one described below. Figure 2A , Figure 4 as well as Figures 6A to 6BThe devices 200, 400, or 600 are described above. User equipment 104 is configured to be communicatively coupled to a second user equipment 122 via a direct communication connection (such as Bluetooth, NFC, BTLE, etc.) or via a wired or wireless network (such as a local Wi-Fi network). In some examples, the second user equipment 122 is configured to act as a proxy between user equipment 104 and DA server 106. For example, a DA client 102 of user equipment 104 is configured to transmit information (e.g., a user request received at user equipment 104) to DA server 106 via the second user equipment 122. DA server 106 processes the information and returns relevant data (e.g., data content in response to the user request) to user equipment 104 via the second user equipment 122.

[0034] In some examples, user equipment 104 is configured to send a shortened request for data to a second user equipment 122 to reduce the amount of information transmitted from user equipment 104. The second user equipment 122 is configured to determine supplementary information to be added to the shortened request to generate a complete request to be transmitted to DA server 106. This system architecture can advantageously allow user equipment 104 (e.g., a watch or similar compact electronic device) with limited communication capabilities and / or limited battery power (e.g., a second user equipment 122 with strong communication capabilities and / or battery power, such as a mobile phone, laptop computer, tablet computer, etc.) acting as a proxy to DA server 106 to access the services provided by DA server 106. Although Figure 1 Only two user devices 104 and 122 are shown in this document, but it should be understood that in some examples, system 100 may include any number and type of user devices configured in this agent configuration to communicate with DA server system 106.

[0035] Although Figure 1 The digital assistant shown includes both a client-side component (e.g., DA client 102) and a server-side component (e.g., DA server 106), but in some examples, the digital assistant's functionality is implemented as a standalone application installed on the user's device. Furthermore, the functional division between the client and server components of the digital assistant can vary in different implementations. For example, in some examples, the DA client is a thin client that only provides user-facing input and output processing functions and delegates all other functions of the digital assistant to the backend server.

[0036] 2. Electronic equipment

[0037] Now let’s turn our attention to the implementation of electronic devices for the client-side portion of a digital assistant. Figure 2AThis is a block diagram illustrating a portable multi-functional device 200 with a touch-sensitive display system 212 according to some embodiments. The touch-sensitive display 212 is sometimes referred to as a “touchscreen” for convenience, and is sometimes referred to as or called a “touch-sensitive display system.” Device 200 includes a memory 202 (which optionally includes one or more computer-readable storage media), a memory controller 222, one or more processing units (CPUs) 220, a peripheral interface 218, RF circuitry 208, audio circuitry 210, a speaker 211, a microphone 213, an input / output (I / O) subsystem 206, other input control devices 216, and an external port 224. Device 200 optionally includes one or more optical sensors 264. Device 200 optionally includes one or more contact strength sensors 265 for detecting the intensity of contact on the device 200 (e.g., a touch-sensitive surface of the device 200 such as the touch-sensitive display system 212). Device 200 optionally includes one or more haptic output generators 267 for generating haptic outputs on device 200 (e.g., generating haptic outputs on a touch-sensitive surface such as the touch-sensitive display system 212 of device 200 or the touchpad 455 of device 400). These components optionally communicate via one or more communication buses or signal lines 203.

[0038] As used in this specification and claims, the term "intensity" of contact on a tactile surface refers to the force or pressure (force per unit area) of a contact (e.g., finger contact) on a tactile surface, or to a substitute (alternative) for the force or pressure of a contact on a tactile surface. The intensity of contact has a range of values ​​that includes at least four different values ​​and more typically hundreds of different values ​​(e.g., at least 256). The intensity of contact is optionally determined (or measured) using various methods and various sensors or combinations of sensors. For example, one or more force sensors below or adjacent to the tactile surface are optionally used to measure the force at different points on the tactile surface. In some embodiments, force measurements from multiple force sensors are combined (e.g., weighted average) to determine the estimated contact force. Similarly, the pressure-sensitive tip of a stylus is optionally used to determine the pressure of the stylus on the tactile surface. Alternatively, the size and / or variation of the contact area detected on the touch-sensitive surface, the capacitance and / or variation of the touch-sensitive surface near the contact, and / or the resistance and / or variation of the touch-sensitive surface near the contact may optionally be used as substitutes for the force or pressure of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the substitute measurement of the contact force or pressure is used directly to determine whether an intensity threshold (e.g., the intensity threshold is described in units corresponding to the substitute measurement) has been exceeded. In some embodiments, the substitute measurement of the contact force or pressure is converted into an estimated force or pressure, and the estimated force or pressure is used to determine whether an intensity threshold (e.g., the intensity threshold is a pressure threshold measured in units of pressure) has been exceeded. Using the intensity of the contact as an attribute of user input allows the user to access additional device functions that would otherwise be inaccessible to the user on smaller devices with limited physical space, such smaller devices being used (e.g., on a touch-sensitive display) to display power indications and / or receive user input (e.g., via a touch-sensitive display, touch-sensitive surface, or physical / mechanical controls, such as knobs or buttons).

[0039] As used in this specification and claims, the term "haptic output" refers to a physical displacement of the device relative to a previous position of the device, a physical displacement of a component of the device (e.g., a touch-sensitive surface) relative to another component of the device (e.g., the housing), or a displacement of a component relative to the center of mass of the device, which is detected by the user using the user's tactile sense. For example, when the device or a component of the device comes into contact with a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a finger, palm, or other part of the user's hand), the haptic output generated by the physical displacement will be interpreted by the user as a tactile sensation corresponding to a perceived change in the physical characteristics of the device or a component of the device. For example, movement of a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch-sensitive display or touchpad) may optionally be interpreted by the user as a "press-click" or "release-click" on a physically actuated button. In some cases, the user will feel a tactile sensation, such as a "press-click" or "release-click," even when a physically actuated button associated with a touch-sensitive surface that has been physically pressed (e.g., displaced) by the user's movement does not move. For example, even when the smoothness of the tactile surface remains unchanged, the movement of the tactile surface can optionally be interpreted or sensed by the user as the "roughness" of the tactile surface. While such interpretations of touch by users will be limited by the individualized sensory perceptions of the user, many sensory perceptions of touch are common to most users. Therefore, when a tactile output is described as corresponding to a specific sensory perception of a user (e.g., "press click", "release click", "roughness"), unless otherwise stated, the generated tactile output corresponds to a physical displacement of the device or its components that will generate the sensory perception of a typical (or ordinary) user.

[0040] It should be understood that device 200 is merely an example of a portable multifunctional device, and device 200 may optionally have more or fewer components than shown, may optionally combine two or more components, or may optionally have different configurations or arrangements of these components. Figure 2A The various components shown are implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of both (including one or more signal processing and / or application-specific integrated circuits).

[0041] Memory 202 includes one or more computer-readable storage media. These computer-readable storage media are, for example, tangible and non-transitory. Memory 202 includes high-speed random access memory and also includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state memory devices. Memory controller 222 controls other components of device 200 to access memory 202.

[0042] In some examples, the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of memory 202 is used to store instructions (e.g., aspects of the processes described below) for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based system, a processor-integrated system, or other system from which instructions can be fetched and executed. In other examples, instructions (e.g., aspects of the processes described below) are stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium (not shown) of server system 108, or partitioned between the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of memory 202 and the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of server system 108.

[0043] Peripheral interface 218 is used to couple the input and output peripherals of the device to CPU 220 and memory 202. One or more processors 220 run or execute various software programs and / or instruction sets stored in memory 202 to perform various functions of device 200 and process data. In some embodiments, peripheral interface 218, CPU 220, and memory controller 222 are implemented on a single chip, such as chip 204. In some other embodiments, they are implemented on separate chips.

[0044] RF (Radio Frequency) circuit 208 receives and transmits RF signals, also known as electromagnetic signals. RF circuit 208 converts electrical signals into electromagnetic signals and vice versa, and communicates with communication networks and other communication devices via electromagnetic signals. RF circuit 208 optionally includes well-known circuitry for performing these functions, including but not limited to antenna systems, RF transceivers, one or more amplifiers, tuners, one or more oscillators, digital signal processors, codec chipsets, Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) cards, memory, etc. RF circuit 208 optionally communicates wirelessly with networks and other devices, such as the Internet (also known as the World Wide Web (WWW)), intranets, and / or wireless networks (such as cellular telephone networks, wireless local area networks (LANs), and / or metropolitan area networks (MANs)). RF circuit 208 optionally includes well-known circuitry for detecting near-field communication (NFC) fields, such as via near-field communication radio components. Wireless communication may optionally employ any of a variety of communication standards, protocols, and technologies, including but not limited to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), High-Speed ​​Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA), High-Speed ​​Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA), Evolution, Pure Data (EV-DO), HSPA, HSPA+, Dual-Cell HSPA (DC-HSPDA), Long Term Evolution (LTE), Near Field Communication (NFC), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (W-CDMA), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy (BTLE), and Wi-Fi (e.g., IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g, IEEE...). 802.11n and / or IEEE 802.11ac), Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, email protocols (e.g., Internet Messaging Access Protocol (IMAP) and / or Post Office Protocol (POP)), instant messaging (e.g., Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP), Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and Presence with Extended Utility (SIMPLE), Instant Messaging and Presence Service (IMPS)) and / or Short Message Service (SMS), or any other suitable communication protocol, including communication protocols that have not yet been developed as of the date of this document submission.

[0045] Audio circuitry 210, speaker 211, and microphone 213 provide an audio interface between the user and device 200. Audio circuitry 210 receives audio data from peripheral interface 218, converts the audio data into electrical signals, and transmits the electrical signals to speaker 211. Speaker 211 converts the electrical signals into sound waves that are audible to humans. Audio circuitry 210 also receives electrical signals converted from sound waves by microphone 213. Audio circuitry 210 converts the electrical signals into audio data and transmits the audio data to peripheral interface 218 for processing. Audio data is retrieved from and / or transmitted to memory 202 and / or RF circuitry 208 via peripheral interface 218. In some embodiments, audio circuitry 210 also includes a headset jack (e.g., ...). Figure 3 (312 in the text). The headset jack provides an interface between the audio circuitry 210 and a removable audio input / output peripheral device, such as an output-only headphone or a headset with both output (e.g., a mono or binaural headphone) and input (e.g., a microphone).

[0046] I / O subsystem 206 couples input / output peripherals on device 200, such as touchscreen 212 and other input control devices 216, to peripheral interface 218. I / O subsystem 206 optionally includes display controller 256, optical sensor controller 258, intensity sensor controller 259, haptic feedback controller 261, and one or more input controllers 260 for other input or control devices. One or more input controllers 260 receive electrical signals from / send electrical signals to other input control devices 216. Other input control devices 216 optionally include physical buttons (e.g., push-buttons, rocker buttons, etc.), dial pads, slide switches, joysticks, click wheels, etc. In some alternative embodiments, input controllers 260 are optionally coupled to (or not coupled to) any of the following: keyboard, infrared port, USB port, and pointing devices such as a mouse. One or more buttons (e.g., Figure 3 Optionally, 308) includes volume up / down buttons for volume control of speaker 211 and / or microphone 213. One or more buttons optionally include push-button buttons (e.g., Figure 3 (306 in the middle).

[0047] A rapid press of the down button disengages the touchscreen 212 from its lock or initiates the process of unlocking the device using gestures on the touchscreen, as described in U.S. Patent Application 11 / 322549, U.S. Patent No. 7,657,849, filed December 23, 2005, entitled "Unlocking a Device by Performing Gestures on an Unlock Image," the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. A longer press of the down button (e.g., 306) powers the device 200 on or off. The user can customize the function of one or more buttons. The touchscreen 212 is used to implement virtual buttons or soft buttons and one or more soft keyboards.

[0048] The touch-sensitive display 212 provides input and output interfaces between the device and the user. The display controller 256 receives electrical signals from and / or sends electrical signals to the touchscreen 212. The touchscreen 212 displays visual output to the user. Visual output includes graphics, text, icons, video, and any combination thereof (collectively, "graphics"). In some embodiments, some or all of the visual output corresponds to user interface objects.

[0049] Touchscreen 212 has a touch-sensitive surface, sensor, or sensor array that accepts input from a user based on tactile and / or haptic contact. Touchscreen 212 and display controller 256 (along with any associated modules and / or instruction set in memory 202) detect contact on touchscreen 212 (and any movement or interruption of that contact) and translate the detected contact into interaction with user interface objects (e.g., one or more soft keys, icons, web pages, or images) displayed on touchscreen 212. In an exemplary embodiment, the contact point between touchscreen 212 and the user corresponds to the user's finger.

[0050] Touchscreen 212 uses LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) technology, LPD (Light Emitting Polymer Display) technology, or LED (Light Emitting Diode) technology, but other display technologies may be used in other embodiments. Touchscreen 212 and display controller 256 use any of a variety of touch sensing technologies currently known or to be developed thereafter, as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements for determining one or more points of contact with touchscreen 212 to detect contact and any movement or interruption thereto. These various touch sensing technologies include, but are not limited to, capacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies. In an exemplary embodiment, projected mutual capacitance sensing technology is used, such as that from Apple Inc. (Cupertino, California). and iPod The technology used.

[0051] In some embodiments, the touchscreen 212's touch-sensitive display is similar to the multi-touch pad described in the following U.S. patents: 6,323,846 (Westerman et al.), 6,570,557 (Westerman et al.), and / or 6,677,932 (Westerman) and / or U.S. Patent Publication 2002 / 0015024A1, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. However, the touchscreen 212 displays visual output from the device 200, while the touch-sensitive pad does not provide visual output.

[0052] In some embodiments, the touchscreen 212 has a touch-sensitive display as described in the following applications: (1) U.S. Patent Application No. 11 / 381313, filed May 2, 2006, entitled “Multipoint Touch Surface Controller”; (2) U.S. Patent Application No. 10 / 840,862, filed May 6, 2004, entitled “Multipoint Touchscreen”; (3) U.S. Patent Application No. 10 / 903,964, filed July 30, 2004, entitled “Gestures For Touch Sensitive Input Devices”; (4) U.S. Patent Application No. 11 / 048,264, filed January 31, 2005, entitled “Gestures For Touch Sensitive Input Devices”; and (5) U.S. Patent Application No. 18, 2005, entitled “Mode-Based Graphical User Interfaces For Touch Sensitive Input”. (6) U.S. Patent Application No. 11 / 038,590 entitled “Virtual Input Device Placement On A Touch Screen User Interface”, filed September 16, 2005; (7) U.S. Patent Application No. 11 / 228,758 entitled “Virtual Input Device Placement On A Touch Screen User Interface”, filed September 16, 2005; (8) U.S. Patent Application No. 11 / 228,737 entitled “Activating Virtual Keys Of A Touch-Screen Virtual Keyboard”, filed September 16, 2005; and (9) U.S. Patent Application No. 11 / 367,749 entitled “Multi-Functional Hand-Held Device”, filed March 3, 2006. The entire contents of all these applications are incorporated herein by reference.

[0053] Touchscreen 212 has a video resolution of over 100 dpi, for example. In some embodiments, the touchscreen has a video resolution of approximately 160 dpi. The user interacts with touchscreen 212 using any suitable object or accessory such as a stylus, finger, etc. In some embodiments, the user interface is designed to operate primarily through finger-based touch and gestures, which may be less precise than stylus-based input due to the larger contact area of ​​a finger on the touchscreen. In some embodiments, the device translates coarse finger-based input into precise pointer / cursor positions or commands to perform the user-desired actions.

[0054] In some embodiments, in addition to the touchscreen, device 200 also includes a touchpad (not shown) for activating or deactivating specific functions. In some embodiments, the touchpad is a touch-sensitive area of ​​the device that, unlike the touchscreen, does not display visual output. The touchpad is a touch-sensitive surface separate from the touchscreen 212, or an extension of the touch-sensitive surface formed by the touchscreen.

[0055] The device 200 also includes a power system 262 for supplying power to various components. The power system 262 includes a power management system, one or more power sources (e.g., batteries, alternating current (AC)), a recharging system, a power fault detection circuit, a power converter or inverter, a power status indicator (e.g., light-emitting diodes (LEDs)), and any other components associated with the generation, management, and distribution of power in the portable device.

[0056] The device 200 also includes one or more optical sensors 264. Figure 2A An optical sensor 264 is shown coupled to an optical sensor controller 258 in the I / O subsystem 206. The optical sensor 264 includes a charge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) phototransistor. The optical sensor 264 receives light projected through one or more lenses from the environment and converts the light into data representing an image. In conjunction with an imaging module 243 (also called a camera module), the optical sensor 264 captures still images or video. In some embodiments, the optical sensor is located at the rear of the device 200, opposite to the touchscreen display 212 at the front of the device, such that the touchscreen display is used as a viewfinder for still image and / or video image acquisition. In some embodiments, the optical sensor is located at the front of the device, such that an image of the user is acquired for use in video conferencing while the user views other video conferencing participants on the touchscreen display. In some embodiments, the position of the optical sensor 264 can be changed by the user (e.g., by rotating the lenses and sensors within the device housing), such that a single optical sensor 264 is used in conjunction with the touchscreen display for both video conferencing and still image and / or video image acquisition.

[0057] The device 200 may optionally also include one or more contact strength sensors 265. Figure 2A A contact strength sensor 265 is shown coupled to a strength sensor controller 259 in I / O subsystem 206. The contact strength sensor 265 optionally includes one or more piezoresistive strain gauges, capacitive force sensors, electro-force sensors, piezoelectric sensors, optical force sensors, capacitive touch-sensitive surfaces, or other strength sensors (e.g., sensors for measuring the force (or pressure) of contact on a touch-sensitive surface). The contact strength sensor 265 receives contact strength information (e.g., pressure information or a substitute for pressure information) from the environment. In some embodiments, at least one contact strength sensor is arranged juxtaposed with or adjacent to a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive display system 212). In some embodiments, at least one contact strength sensor is located on the rear of device 200, opposite to the touchscreen display 212 located on the front of device 200.

[0058] The device 200 also includes one or more proximity sensors 266. Figure 2A A proximity sensor 266 coupled to a peripheral device interface 218 is shown. Alternatively, the proximity sensor 266 is coupled to an input controller 260 in an I / O subsystem 206. The proximity sensor 266 performs as described in the following U.S. patent applications: 11 / 241839, entitled "Proximity Detector In Handheld Device"; 11 / 240,788, entitled "Proximity Detector In Handheld Device"; 11 / 620,702, entitled "Using Ambient Light Sensor To Augment Proximity Sensor Output"; 11 / 586,862, entitled "Automated Response To And Sensing Of User Activity In Portable Devices"; and 11 / 638,251, entitled "Methods And Systems For Automatic Configuration Of Peripherals", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. In some implementations, the proximity sensor is turned off and the touchscreen 212 is disabled when the multifunction device is placed near the user's ear (e.g., when the user is making a phone call).

[0059] The device 200 optionally also includes one or more tactile output generators 267. Figure 2AA haptic output generator coupled to a haptic feedback controller 261 in I / O subsystem 206 is shown. The haptic output generator 267 optionally includes one or more electroacoustic devices such as speakers or other audio components; and / or electromechanical devices for converting energy into linear motion such as motors, solenoids, electroactive polymerizers, piezoelectric actuators, electrostatic actuators, or other haptic output generating components (e.g., components for converting electrical signals into haptic outputs on the device). A contact intensity sensor 265 receives haptic feedback generation instructions from a haptic feedback module 233 and generates a haptic output on device 200 that can be felt by a user of device 200. In some embodiments, at least one haptic output generator is juxtaposed or adjacent to a haptic surface (e.g., haptic display system 212) and optionally generates the haptic output by moving the haptic surface vertically (e.g., in / outward from the surface of device 200) or laterally (e.g., backward and forward in the same plane as the surface of device 200). In some implementations, at least one haptic output generator sensor is located on the rear of the device 200, opposite to the touch screen display 212 located on the front of the device 200.

[0060] The device 200 also includes one or more accelerometers 268. Figure 2A An accelerometer 268 coupled to a peripheral device interface 218 is shown. Alternatively, the accelerometer 268 is coupled to an input controller 260 in an I / O subsystem 206. The accelerometer 268 performs as described in the following U.S. patent publications: U.S. Patent Publication 20050190059, “Acceleration-based Theft Detection System for Portable Electronic Devices” and U.S. Patent Publication 20060017692, “Methods and Apparatuses For Operating A Portable Device BasedOn An Accelerometer,” the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. In some embodiments, information is displayed on a touchscreen display in portrait or landscape view based on analysis of data received from one or more accelerometers. Device 200 optionally includes, in addition to one or more accelerometers 268, a magnetometer (not shown) and a GPS (or GLONASS or other global navigation system) receiver (not shown) for acquiring information about the position and orientation (e.g., portrait or landscape) of device 200.

[0061] In some embodiments, software components stored in memory 202 include an operating system 226, a communication module (or instruction set) 228, a contact / motion module (or instruction set) 230, a graphics module (or instruction set) 232, a text input module (or instruction set) 234, a Global Positioning System (GPS) module (or instruction set) 235, a digital assistant client module 229, and an application program (or instruction set) 236. Furthermore, memory 202 stores data and models, such as user data and models 231. Additionally, in some embodiments, memory 202 ( Figure 2A ) or 470 ( Figure 4 Storage device / global internal state 257, such as Figure 2A and Figure 4 As shown in the diagram. Device / global internal state 257 includes one or more of the following: active application state, which indicates which applications (if any) are currently active; display state, which indicates what applications, views or other information occupy various areas of the touchscreen display 212; sensor state, including information obtained from the device's various sensors and input control devices 216; and position information about the device's position and / or orientation.

[0062] The operating system 226 (e.g., Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X, iOS, WINDOWS, or embedded operating systems such as VxWorks) includes various software components and / or drivers for controlling and managing general system tasks (e.g., memory management, storage device control, power management, etc.) and facilitates communication between various hardware and software components.

[0063] The communication module 228 facilitates communication with other devices via one or more external ports 224 and includes various software components for processing data received by the RF circuitry 208 and / or the external ports 224. The external ports 224 (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB), FireWire, etc.) are adapted to be directly coupled to other devices or indirectly coupled via a network (e.g., the Internet, wireless LAN, etc.). In some embodiments, the external port is connected to… (Trademark of Apple Inc.) The same or similar and / or compatible multi-pin (e.g., 30-pin) connectors used in Apple Inc. devices.

[0064] The contact / motion module 230 optionally detects contact with the touchscreen 212 (in conjunction with the display controller 256) and other touch-sensitive devices (e.g., touchpads or physical click-based rotary dials). The contact / motion module 230 includes various software components for performing various operations related to contact detection, such as determining whether contact has occurred (e.g., detecting a finger press event), determining the intensity of contact (e.g., the force or pressure of the contact, or an alternative to force or pressure), determining whether there is movement of the contact and tracking movement on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., detecting one or more finger drag events), and determining whether the contact has stopped (e.g., detecting a finger lift event or contact disconnection). The contact / motion module 230 receives contact data from the touch-sensitive surface. Determining the movement of the contact point optionally includes determining the rate (magnitude), velocity (magnitude and direction), and / or acceleration (change in magnitude and / or direction) of the contact point, the movement of which is represented by a series of contact data. These operations are optionally applied to single-point contact (e.g., single-finger contact) or multi-point simultaneous contact (e.g., "multi-touch" / multiple-finger contact). In some implementations, the contact / motion module 230 and the display controller 256 detect contact on the touchpad.

[0065] In some implementations, the contact / motion module 230 uses a set of one or more intensity thresholds to determine whether an operation has been performed by a user (e.g., determining whether the user has “clicked” an icon). In some implementations, at least a subset of the intensity thresholds is determined based on software parameters (e.g., the intensity thresholds are not determined by the activation thresholds of a specific physical actuator and can be adjusted without changing the physical hardware of the device 200). For example, the mouse “click” threshold for a touchpad or touchscreen can be set to any threshold in a wide range of predefined thresholds without changing the touchpad or touchscreen display hardware. Additionally, in some implementations, the user of the device is provided with software settings for adjusting one or more intensity thresholds in a set (e.g., by adjusting the individual intensity thresholds and / or by adjusting multiple intensity thresholds at once using a system-level click on the “intensity” parameter).

[0066] The touch / motion module 230 optionally detects the user's gesture input. Different gestures on a touch-sensitive surface have different contact patterns (e.g., different movements, timings, and / or intensities of the detected contact). Therefore, gestures are optionally detected by detecting specific contact patterns. For example, detecting a finger tap gesture includes detecting a finger press event, and then detecting a finger lift-off (lift-away) event at the same (or substantially the same) location as the finger press event (e.g., at the location of an icon). As another example, detecting a finger swipe gesture on a touch-sensitive surface includes detecting a finger press event, then detecting one or more finger drag events, and subsequently detecting a finger lift-off (lift-away) event.

[0067] The graphics module 232 includes various known software components for rendering and displaying graphics on the touchscreen 212 or other displays, including components for altering the visual impact of the displayed graphics (e.g., brightness, transparency, saturation, contrast, or other visual characteristics). As used herein, the term "graphics" includes any object that can be displayed to a user, and non-limitingly includes text, web pages, icons (such as user interface objects including soft keys), digital images, videos, animations, etc.

[0068] In some implementations, the graphics module 232 stores data representing the graphics to be used. Each graphic is optionally assigned a corresponding code. The graphics module 232 receives one or more codes specifying the graphics to be displayed from an application or the like, and, if necessary, also receives coordinate data and other graphic attribute data, and then generates screen image data for output to the display controller 256.

[0069] The haptic feedback module 233 includes various software components for generating instructions that are used by one or more haptic output generators 267 to produce haptic output at one or more locations on the device 200 in response to user interaction with the device 200.

[0070] In some examples, the text input module 234, which is a component of the graphics module 232, provides a soft keyboard for entering text in various applications (e.g., contacts 237, email 240, IM 241, browser 247, and any other application that requires text input).

[0071] GPS module 235 determines the location of the device and provides that information for use in various applications (e.g., to phone 238 for use in location-based dialing; to camera 243 as image / video metadata; and to applications that provide location-based services, such as weather desktop apps, local yellow pages desktop apps, and map / navigation desktop apps).

[0072] The digital assistant client module 229 includes various client-side digital assistant commands to provide client-side functionality for the digital assistant. For example, the digital assistant client module 229 can accept audio input (e.g., voice input), text input, touch input, and / or gesture input through various user interfaces of the portable multifunction device 200 (e.g., microphone 213, one or more accelerometers 268, touch-sensitive display system 212, one or more optical sensors 264, other input control devices 216, etc.). The digital assistant client module 229 can also provide audio output (e.g., voice output), visual output, and / or haptic output through various output interfaces of the portable multifunction device 200 (e.g., speaker 211, touch-sensitive display system 212, one or more haptic output generators 267, etc.). For example, output can be provided as voice, sound, alarms, text messages, menus, graphics, video, animation, vibration, and / or combinations of both or more of these. During operation, the digital assistant client module 229 communicates with the DA server 106 using RF circuitry 208.

[0073] User data and models 231 include various data associated with the user (e.g., user-specific vocabulary data, user preference data, user-specified name pronunciation, data from the user's electronic address book, to-do lists, shopping lists, etc.) to provide client-side functionality for the digital assistant. Furthermore, user data and models 231 include various models for processing user input and determining user intent (e.g., speech recognition models, statistical language models, natural language processing models, knowledge ontology, task flow models, service models, etc.).

[0074] In some examples, the digital assistant client module 229 utilizes various sensors, subsystems, and peripherals of the portable multifunction device 200 to collect additional information from the surrounding environment of the portable multifunction device 200 to establish a context associated with the user, the current user interaction, and / or the current user input. In some examples, the digital assistant client module 229 provides the contextual information, or a subset thereof, along with the user input to the DA server 106 to help infer the user's intent. In some examples, the digital assistant also uses the contextual information to determine how to prepare output and deliver it to the user. This contextual information is referred to as contextual data.

[0075] In some examples, the contextual information accompanying user input includes sensor information such as lighting, ambient noise, ambient temperature, and images or videos of the surrounding environment. In some examples, the contextual information may also include the physical state of the device, such as device orientation, device location, device temperature, power level, speed, acceleration, motion mode, and cellular signal strength. In some examples, information related to the software state of the DA server 106, such as the operation of the portable multifunction device 200, installed programs, past and current network activity, background services, error logs, and resource usage, is provided to the DA server 106 as contextual information associated with the user input.

[0076] In some examples, the digital assistant client module 229 selectively provides information (e.g., user data 231) stored on the portable multifunction device 200 in response to a request from the DA server 106. In some examples, the digital assistant client module 229 also elicits additional input from the user via natural language dialogue or other user interfaces when requested by the DA server 106. The digital assistant client module 229 transmits this additional input to the DA server 106 to assist the DA server 106 in intent inference and / or in realizing the user intent expressed in the user request.

[0077] The following is for reference. Figures 7A to 7C A more detailed description of the digital assistant follows. It should be understood that the digital assistant client module 229 may include any number of sub-modules of the digital assistant module 726 described below.

[0078] Application 236 includes the following modules (or instruction sets) or subsets or supersets:

[0079] • Contacts module 237 (sometimes called address book or contact list);

[0080] • Telephone module 238;

[0081] Video conferencing module 239;

[0082] • Email client module 240;

[0083] • Instant Messaging (IM) module 241;

[0084] Fitness support module 242;

[0085] • Camera module 243 for still images and / or video images;

[0086] • Image management module 244;

[0087] • Video player module;

[0088] Music player module;

[0089] • Browser module 247;

[0090] • Calendar module 248;

[0091] • Desktop mini-program module 249, which in some examples includes one or more of the following: weather desktop mini-program 249-1, stock desktop mini-program 249-2, calculator desktop mini-program 249-3, alarm clock desktop mini-program 249-4, dictionary desktop mini-program 249-5 and other desktop mini-programs acquired by the user and desktop mini-programs created by the user 249-6.

[0092] • Desktop app creator module 250 for creating user-created desktop apps 249-6;

[0093] • Search module 251;

[0094] • Video and music player module 252, which combines a video player module and a music player module;

[0095] Notepad module 253;

[0096] • Map module 254; and / or

[0097] • Online video module 255.

[0098] Examples of other applications 236 stored in memory 202 include other word processing applications, other image editing applications, drawing applications, rendering applications, Java-enabled applications, encryption, digital access control, voice recognition, and voice duplication.

[0099] In conjunction with touchscreen 212, display controller 256, touch / motion module 230, graphics module 232, and text input module 234, contact module 237 manages an address book or contact list (e.g., stored in application internal state 292 of contact module 237 in memory 202 or memory 470), including: adding one or more names to the address book; deleting names from the address book; associating phone numbers, email addresses, physical addresses, or other information with names; associating images with names; categorizing and classifying names; providing phone numbers or email addresses to initiate and / or facilitate communications via telephone 238, video conferencing module 239, email 240, or IM 241; and so on.

[0100] Combining RF circuitry 208, audio circuitry 210, speaker 211, microphone 213, touchscreen 212, display controller 256, contact / motion module 230, graphics module 232, and text input module 234, telephone module 238 is used to input character sequences corresponding to telephone numbers, access one or more telephone numbers in contact module 237, modify already entered telephone numbers, dial corresponding telephone numbers, initiate conversations, and disconnect or hang up when a conversation is completed. As described above, wireless communication uses any of a variety of communication standards, protocols, and technologies.

[0101] Combining RF circuitry 208, audio circuitry 210, speaker 211, microphone 213, touchscreen 212, display controller 256, optical sensor 264, optical sensor controller 258, contact / motion module 230, graphics module 232, text input module 234, contact module 237, and telephone module 238, video conferencing module 239 includes executable instructions to initiate, conduct, and terminate video conferences between the user and one or more other participants based on user instructions.

[0102] Incorporating RF circuitry 208, touchscreen 212, display controller 256, touch / motion module 230, graphics module 232, and text input module 234, email client module 240 includes executable instructions for creating, sending, receiving, and managing emails in response to user commands. Combined with image management module 244, email client module 240 makes it very easy to create and send emails containing still images or video images captured by camera module 243.

[0103] In conjunction with RF circuitry 208, touchscreen 212, display controller 256, touch / motion module 230, graphics module 232, and text input module 234, instant messaging module 241 includes executable instructions for: inputting a character sequence corresponding to an instant message, modifying previously input characters, transmitting a corresponding instant message (e.g., using Short Message Service (SMS) or Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) protocols for telephone-based instant messaging or using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS for internet-based instant messaging), receiving an instant message, and viewing received instant messages. In some embodiments, the transmitted and / or received instant messages include graphics, photographs, audio files, video files, and / or other attachments such as those supported in MMS and / or Enhanced Messaging Services (EMS). As used herein, "instant message" refers to both telephone-based messages (e.g., messages sent using SMS or MMS) and internet-based messages (e.g., messages sent using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS).

[0104] Incorporating RF circuitry 208, touchscreen 212, display controller 256, touch / motion module 230, graphics module 232, text input module 234, GPS module 235, map module 254, and music player module, fitness support module 242 includes executable instructions for: creating fitness activities (e.g., with time, distance, and / or calorie burning goals); communicating with fitness sensors (exercise equipment); receiving fitness sensor data; calibrating sensors used to monitor fitness; selecting and playing music for fitness; and displaying, storing, and transmitting fitness data.

[0105] In conjunction with the touchscreen 212, display controller 256, one or more optical sensors 264, optical sensor controller 258, contact / motion module 230, graphics module 232, and image management module 244, camera module 243 includes executable instructions for: capturing still images or videos (including video streams) and storing them in memory 202, modifying the characteristics of still images or videos, or deleting still images or videos from memory 202.

[0106] Incorporating touchscreen 212, display controller 256, touch / motion module 230, graphics module 232, text input module 234, and camera module 243, image management module 244 includes executable instructions for arranging, modifying (e.g., editing), or otherwise manipulating, tagging, deleting, presenting (e.g., in a digital slideshow or album), and storing still images and / or video images.

[0107] Combining RF circuitry 208, touchscreen 212, display controller 256, contact / motion module 230, graphics module 232, and text input module 234, browser module 247 includes executable instructions for browsing the Internet according to user instructions, including searching, linking to, receiving, and displaying web pages or portions thereof, as well as links to attachments and other files on web pages.

[0108] Combining RF circuitry 208, touchscreen 212, display controller 256, touch / motion module 230, graphics module 232, text input module 234, email client module 240, and browser module 247, calendar module 248 includes executable instructions to create, display, modify, and store calendars and associated data (e.g., calendar entries, to-dos, etc.) according to user instructions.

[0109] In conjunction with RF circuitry 208, touchscreen 212, display controller 256, touch / motion module 230, graphics module 232, text input module 234, and browser module 247, desktop applet module 249 is a micro-application that can be downloaded and used by a user (e.g., weather desktop applet 249-1, stock desktop applet 249-2, calculator desktop applet 249-3, alarm clock desktop applet 249-4, and dictionary desktop applet 249-5) or a user-created micro-application (e.g., user-created desktop applet 249-6). In some embodiments, the desktop applet includes HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) files, CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) files, and JavaScript files. In some embodiments, the desktop applet includes XML (Extensible Markup Language) files and JavaScript files (e.g., Yahoo! desktop applet).

[0110] Combining RF circuit 208, touch screen 212, display controller 256, contact / motion module 230, graphics module 232, text input module 234, and browser module 247, the desktop applet creator module 250 is used by the user to create desktop applets (e.g., to turn a user-specified portion of a webpage into a desktop applet).

[0111] In conjunction with the touchscreen 212, display controller 256, touch / motion module 230, graphics module 232, and text input module 234, the search module 251 includes executable instructions for searching the memory 202 for text, music, sound, images, videos, and / or other files that match one or more search criteria (e.g., one or more user-specified search terms) according to user instructions.

[0112] Incorporating touchscreen 212, display controller 256, touch / motion module 230, graphics module 232, audio circuitry 210, speaker 211, RF circuitry 208, and browser module 247, the video and music player module 252 includes executable instructions allowing users to download and play back recorded music and other sound files stored in one or more file formats, such as MP3 or AAC files, as well as executable instructions for displaying, presenting, or otherwise playing back video (e.g., on touchscreen 212 or on an external display connected via external port 224). In some embodiments, device 200 optionally includes the functionality of an MP3 player such as an iPod (a trademark of Apple Inc.).

[0113] Combining the touchscreen 212, display controller 256, touch / motion module 230, graphics module 232, and text input module 234, the notepad module 253 includes executable instructions for creating and managing notes, to-do items, etc., according to user instructions.

[0114] Combining RF circuit 208, touch screen 212, display controller 256, contact / motion module 230, graphics module 232, text input module 234, GPS module 235, and browser module 247, map module 254 is used to receive, display, modify, and store maps and data associated with the maps (e.g., driving directions, data related to shops and other points of interest at or near a specific location, and other location-based data) according to user instructions.

[0115] Incorporating touchscreen 212, display controller 256, touch / motion module 230, graphics module 232, audio circuitry 210, speaker 211, RF circuitry 208, text input module 234, email client module 240, and browser module 247, the online video module 255 includes instructions allowing users to access, browse, receive (e.g., via streaming and / or downloading), play back (e.g., on the touchscreen or on a connected external display via external port 224), send emails with links to specific online videos, and otherwise manage online videos in one or more file formats (such as H.264). In some embodiments, instant messaging module 241 is used instead of email client module 240 to send links to specific online videos. Further descriptions of the online video application can be found in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60 / 936,562, filed June 20, 2007, entitled “Portable Multifunction Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Playing Online Videos,” and U.S. Patent Application No. 11 / 968,067, filed December 31, 2007, entitled “Portable Multifunction Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Playing Online Videos,” the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

[0116] Each of the modules and applications described above corresponds to an executable set of instructions for performing one or more of the functions described above and the methods described in this patent application (e.g., computer-implemented methods and other information processing methods as described herein). These modules (e.g., instruction sets) need not be implemented as standalone software programs, processes, or modules, and therefore various subsets of these modules can be combined or otherwise rearranged in various embodiments. For example, a video player module can be combined with a music player module into a single module (e.g., Figure 2A(e.g., video and music player module 252). In some embodiments, memory 202 stores a subset of the aforementioned modules and data structures. Additionally, memory 202 stores additional modules and data structures not described above.

[0117] In some implementations, device 200 is a device on which the operation of a predefined set of functions is performed solely via a touchscreen and / or touchpad. By using a touchscreen and / or touchpad as the primary input control device for the operation of device 200, the number of physical input control devices (such as push-buttons, dials, etc.) on device 200 is reduced.

[0118] A predefined set of functions, uniquely performed via a touchscreen and / or touchpad, optionally includes navigation between user interfaces. In some implementations, the touchpad, when touched by a user, navigates device 200 from any user interface displayed on device 200 to a main menu, home menu, or root menu. In such implementations, a touchpad is used to implement a "menu button." In some other implementations, the menu button is a physical push-button or other physical input control device, rather than a touchpad.

[0119] Figure 2B This is a block diagram illustrating exemplary components for event processing according to some embodiments. In some embodiments, memory 202 ( Figure 2A ) or memory 470 ( Figure 4 This includes an event classifier 270 (e.g., in operating system 226) and a corresponding application 236-1 (e.g., any one of the aforementioned applications 237 to 251, 255, 480 to 490).

[0120] Event classifier 270 receives event information and determines the application 236-1 to which the event information should be delivered and the application view 291 of application 236-1. Event classifier 270 includes event monitor 271 and event dispatcher module 274. In some embodiments, application 236-1 includes application internal state 292, which indicates one or more current application views displayed on touch-sensitive display 212 when the application is active or executing. In some embodiments, device / global internal state 257 is used by event classifier 270 to determine which application(s) is currently active, and application internal state 292 is used by event classifier 270 to determine the application view 291 to which the event information should be delivered.

[0121] In some implementations, the application internal state 292 includes additional information such as one or more of the following: recovery information to be used when the application 236-1 resumes execution, user interface state information indicating that information is being displayed or ready to be displayed by the application 236-1, a state queue for enabling the user to return to the previous state or view of the application 236-1, and a repeat / undo queue for the user's previous actions.

[0122] Event monitor 271 receives event information from peripheral device interface 218. The event information includes information about sub-events (e.g., user touches on touch-sensitive display 212 as part of a multi-touch gesture). Peripheral device interface 218 transmits information it receives from I / O subsystem 206 or sensors such as proximity sensor 266, one or more accelerometers 268, and / or microphone 213 (via audio circuitry 210). The information received by peripheral device interface 218 from I / O subsystem 206 includes information from touch-sensitive display 212 or touch-sensitive surfaces.

[0123] In some implementations, event monitor 271 sends requests to peripheral device interface 218 at predetermined intervals. In response, peripheral device interface 218 transmits event information. In other implementations, peripheral device interface 218 transmits event information only when a significant event occurs (e.g., receiving input above a predetermined noise threshold and / or receiving input for a predetermined duration).

[0124] In some implementations, the event classifier 270 also includes a hit view determination module 272 and / or an activity event recognizer determination module 273.

[0125] When the touch-sensitive display 212 displays more than one view, the hit view determination module 272 provides a software process for determining where a sub-event has occurred within one or more views. A view consists of controls and other elements that the user can see on the display.

[0126] Another aspect of the user interface associated with an application is a set of views, sometimes referred to herein as application views or user interface windows, in which information is displayed and touch-based gestures occur. The application view (of the corresponding application) in which a touch is detected corresponds to a procedural level within the application's procedural hierarchy or view hierarchy. For example, the lowest-level view in which a touch is detected is called the hit view, and the set of events considered as correct input is determined at least in part based on the hit view of the initial touch that initiates the touch-based gesture.

[0127] The hit view determination module 272 receives information related to sub-events of touch-based gestures. When an application has multiple views organized in a hierarchical structure, the hit view determination module 272 identifies the hit view as the lowest-level view in the hierarchical structure from which the sub-events should be processed. In most cases, the hit view is the lowest-level view in which the initiating sub-event (e.g., the first sub-event in a sequence of sub-events forming an event or potential event) occurs. Once the hit view is identified by the hit view determination module 272, the hit view typically receives all sub-events related to the same touch or input source to which it was identified as the hit view.

[0128] The activity event recognizer determination module 273 determines which views(s) within the view hierarchy should receive a specific sub-event sequence. In some embodiments, the activity event recognizer determination module 273 determines that only the hit view should receive the specific sub-event sequence. In other embodiments, the activity event recognizer determination module 273 determines that all views including the physical location of the sub-event are actively participating views, and therefore determines that all actively participating views should receive the specific sub-event sequence. In other embodiments, even if the touch sub-event is entirely confined to the area associated with a particular view, the higher-level views in the hierarchy will still remain actively participating views.

[0129] Event assigner module 274 assigns event information to event identifiers (e.g., event identifier 280). In embodiments that include active event identifier determination module 273, event assigner module 274 delivers event information to the event identifier determined by active event identifier determination module 273. In some embodiments, event assigner module 274 stores event information in an event queue, which is retrieved by the corresponding event receiver 282.

[0130] In some embodiments, operating system 226 includes event classifier 270. Alternatively, application 236-1 includes event classifier 270. In yet another embodiment, event classifier 270 is a standalone module or part of another module (such as contact / motion module 230) stored in memory 202.

[0131] In some embodiments, application 236-1 includes a plurality of event handlers 290 and one or more application views 291, each of which includes instructions for handling touch events occurring within a corresponding view of the application's user interface. Each application view 291 of application 236-1 includes one or more event recognizers 280. Typically, a corresponding application view 291 includes a plurality of event recognizers 280. In other embodiments, one or more event recognizers among the event recognizers 280 are part of a separate module, which is a higher-level object such as a user interface toolkit (not shown) from which application 236-1 inherits methods and other properties. In some embodiments, a corresponding event handler 290 includes one or more of the following: a data updater 276, an object updater 277, a GUI updater 278, and / or event data 279 received from an event classifier 270. The event handler 290 utilizes or invokes the data updater 276, the object updater 277, or the GUI updater 278 to update the application's internal state 292. Alternatively, one or more application views in application view 291 include one or more corresponding event handlers 290. Additionally, in some embodiments, one or more of data updater 276, object updater 277, and GUI updater 278 are included in the corresponding application view 291.

[0132] The corresponding event recognizer 280 receives event information (e.g., event data 279) from the event classifier 270 and identifies events from the event information. The event recognizer 280 includes an event receiver 282 and an event comparator 284. In some embodiments, the event recognizer 280 also includes at least one subset of metadata 283 and event delivery instructions 288 (which includes sub-event delivery instructions).

[0133] Event receiver 282 receives event information from event classifier 270. The event information includes information about sub-events such as touch or touch movement. Depending on the sub-event, the event information also includes additional information, such as the location of the sub-event. When the sub-event involves touch movement, the event information also includes the rate and direction of the sub-event. In some embodiments, the event includes the device rotating from one orientation to another (e.g., from a portrait orientation to a lateral orientation, or vice versa), and the event information includes corresponding information about the device's current orientation (also referred to as device pose).

[0134] Event comparator 284 compares event information with predefined event or sub-event definitions and, based on the comparison, determines the event or sub-event, or determines or updates the state of the event or sub-event. In some embodiments, event comparator 284 includes event definition 286. Event definition 286 contains definitions of events (e.g., predefined sequences of sub-events), such as event 1 (287-1), event 2 (287-2), and other events. In some embodiments, sub-events in event (287) include, for example, touch start, touch end, touch move, touch cancel, and multi-touch. In one example, event 1 (287-1) is defined as a double-click on a displayed object. For example, a double-click includes a first touch (touch start) of a predetermined duration on the displayed object, a first lift-off of a predetermined duration (touch end), a second touch (touch start) of a predetermined duration on the displayed object, and a second lift-off of a predetermined duration (touch end). In another example, event 2 (287-2) is defined as a drag on a displayed object. For example, dragging includes a touch (or contact) on the displayed object for a predetermined duration, movement of the touch on the touch-sensitive display 212, and lifting off the touch (end of touch). In some embodiments, the event also includes information for one or more associated event handlers 290.

[0135] In some implementations, event definition 287 includes definitions of events for corresponding user interface objects. In some implementations, event comparator 284 performs a hit test to determine which user interface object is associated with the sub-event. For example, in an application view displaying three user interface objects on touch-sensitive display 212, when a touch is detected on touch-sensitive display 212, event comparator 284 performs a hit test to determine which of the three user interface objects is associated with the touch (sub-event). If each displayed object is associated with a corresponding event handler 290, the event comparator uses the result of the hit test to determine which event handler 290 should be activated. For example, event comparator 284 selects the event handler associated with the sub-event and the object that triggered the hit test.

[0136] In some implementations, the definition of the corresponding event (287) also includes a delay action that delays the delivery of event information until it has been determined whether the sub-event sequence actually corresponds to or does not correspond to the event type of the event recognizer.

[0137] When the corresponding event recognizer 280 determines that the sub-event sequence does not match any event in event definition 286, the corresponding event recognizer 280 enters an event impossible, event failed, or event ended state, after which subsequent sub-events based on touch gestures are ignored. In this case, other event recognizers (if any) that remain active in the hit view continue to track and process the ongoing sub-events based on touch gestures.

[0138] In some embodiments, the corresponding event recognizer 280 includes metadata 283 having configurable attributes, flags, and / or lists instructing how the event delivery system should perform sub-event delivery to actively participating event recognizers. In some embodiments, the metadata 283 includes configurable attributes, flags, and / or lists instructing how or how likely event recognizers can interact with each other. In some embodiments, the metadata 283 includes configurable attributes, flags, and / or lists instructing whether sub-events are delivered to different levels in a view or programmatic hierarchy.

[0139] In some implementations, when one or more specific sub-events of an event are identified, the corresponding event recognizer 280 activates the event handler 290 associated with the event. In some implementations, the corresponding event recognizer 280 delivers event information associated with the event to the event handler 290. Activating the event handler 290 is different from sending (and delaying) the sub-event to the corresponding hit view. In some implementations, the event recognizer 280 throws a tag associated with the identified event, and the event handler 290 associated with that tag retrieves the tag and executes a predefined procedure.

[0140] In some implementations, event delivery instruction 288 includes a sub-event delivery instruction that delivers event information about a sub-event without activating an event handler. Instead, the sub-event delivery instruction delivers the event information to an event handler associated with the sub-event sequence or to an actively participating view. The event handler associated with the sub-event sequence or the actively participating view receives the event information and executes a predetermined procedure.

[0141] In some implementations, data updater 276 creates and updates data used in application 236-1. For example, data updater 276 updates phone numbers used in contact module 237 or stores video files used in video player module. In some implementations, object updater 277 creates and updates objects used in application 236-1. For example, object updater 277 creates new user interface objects or updates the location of user interface objects. GUI updater 278 updates the GUI. For example, GUI updater 278 prepares display information and sends the display information to graphics module 232 for display on touch-sensitive display.

[0142] In some implementations, event handler 290 includes, or has access to, a data updater 276, an object updater 277, and a GUI updater 278. In some implementations, data updater 276, object updater 277, and GUI updater 278 are included in a single module of the corresponding application 236-1 or application view 291. In other implementations, they are included in two or more software modules.

[0143] It should be understood that the above discussion regarding event handling for user touch on a touch-sensitive display also applies to other forms of user input used to operate the multifunction device 200 using an input device, and not all user input is initiated on the touchscreen. For example, mouse movement and mouse button presses optionally in conjunction with single or multiple keyboard presses or holds; touch movements on the touchpad, such as taps, drags, scrolls, etc.; stylus input; device movement; verbal commands; detected eye movements; biometric input; and / or any combination thereof may optionally be used as input corresponding to sub-events that define the event to be identified.

[0144] Figure 3A portable multifunction device 200 with a touchscreen 212 is shown according to some embodiments. The touchscreen optionally displays one or more graphics within a user interface (UI) 300. In this embodiment and other embodiments described below, a user can select one or more graphics by gesturing over the graphics, for example, using one or more fingers 302 (not drawn to scale in the figure) or one or more styluses 303 (not drawn to scale in the figure). In some embodiments, selection of one or more graphics occurs when the user breaks contact with one or more graphics. In some embodiments, gestures optionally include one or more taps, one or more swipes (from left to right, from right to left, up and / or down), and / or scrolling (from right to left, from left to right, up and / or down) of a finger already in contact with the device 200. In some specific embodiments or in some cases, unintentional contact with a graphic does not select the graphic. For example, a swipe gesture over an application icon optionally does not select the corresponding application when the gesture corresponding to selection is a tap.

[0145] Device 200 also includes one or more physical buttons, such as a "home" or menu button 304. As previously described, menu button 304 is used to navigate to any application 236 of a set of applications running on device 200. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the menu button is implemented as a soft key in a GUI displayed on touchscreen 212.

[0146] In some embodiments, device 200 includes a touchscreen 212, a menu button 304, a push-button 306 for powering on / off the device and locking the device, one or more volume control buttons 308, a SIM card slot 310, a headset jack 312, and a docking / charging external port 224. The push-button 306 is optionally used to power on / off the device by pressing the button and holding it in the pressed state for a predefined time interval; to lock the device by pressing the button and releasing it before the predefined time interval has elapsed; and / or to unlock the device or initiate an unlocking process. In another embodiment, device 200 also accepts verbal input via microphone 213 for activating or deactivating certain functions. Device 200 also optionally includes one or more contact strength sensors 265 for detecting the intensity of contact on the touchscreen 212, and / or one or more haptic output generators 267 for generating haptic outputs for the user of device 200.

[0147] Figure 4This is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunctional device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface according to some embodiments. Device 400 need not be portable. In some embodiments, device 400 is a laptop computer, desktop computer, tablet computer, multimedia player device, navigation device, educational device (such as a children's learning toy), gaming system, or control device (e.g., a home controller or industrial controller). Device 400 typically includes one or more processing units (CPUs) 410, one or more network or other communication interfaces 460, memory 470, and one or more communication buses 420 for interconnecting these components. Communication bus 420 optionally includes circuitry (sometimes referred to as a chipset) that interconnects system components and controls communication between system components. Device 400 includes an input / output (I / O) interface 430 with a display 440, which is typically a touchscreen display. I / O interface 430 also optionally includes a keyboard and / or mouse (or other pointing device) 450 and a touchpad 455, and a haptic output generator 457 for generating haptic output on device 400 (e.g., similar to the reference above). Figure 2A The one or more tactile output generators 267 and sensors 459 (e.g., optical sensors, accelerometers, proximity sensors, touch sensors, and / or contact intensity sensors similar to those mentioned above) Figure 2A The one or more contact strength sensors 265 mentioned above). Memory 470 includes high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM, or other random access solid-state memory devices; and optionally includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state storage devices. Memory 470 optionally includes one or more storage devices located remotely from CPU 410. In some embodiments, memory 470 stores data with portable multifunction device 200 (…). Figure 2A The memory 470 stores programs, modules, and data structures similar to those in the memory 202 of the portable multifunction device 200, or subsets thereof. Additionally, the memory 470 optionally stores additional programs, modules, and data structures not present in the memory 202 of the portable multifunction device 200. For example, the memory 470 of the device 400 optionally stores a drawing module 480, a rendering module 482, a word processing module 484, a website creation module 486, a disk editing module 488, and / or a spreadsheet module 490, while the portable multifunction device 200 ( Figure 2A The memory 202 optionally does not store these modules.

[0148] Figure 4Each of the aforementioned elements is stored in one or more of the previously mentioned memory devices in some examples. Each of the aforementioned modules corresponds to an instruction set for performing the functions described above. The aforementioned modules or programs (e.g., instruction sets) need not be implemented as standalone software programs, processes, or modules; therefore, various subsets of these modules are combined or otherwise rearranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory 470 stores a subset of the aforementioned modules and data structures. Furthermore, memory 470 stores additional modules and data structures not described above.

[0149] Now let’s turn our attention to implementations of user interfaces that can be implemented, for example, on a portable multi-functional device 200.

[0150] Figure 5A An exemplary user interface for an application menu on a portable multifunction device 200 according to some embodiments is shown. A similar user interface is implemented on device 400. In some embodiments, user interface 500 includes the following elements or a subset or superset thereof:

[0151] One or more signal strength indicators 502 for wireless communications such as cellular signals and Wi-Fi signals;

[0152] Time 504;

[0153] Bluetooth indicator 505;

[0154] • Battery status indicator 506;

[0155] • Tray icon 508 with icons for commonly used applications, such as:

[0156] ○ The telephone module 238 has an icon 516 labeled "telephone", which optionally includes an indicator 514 indicating the number of missed calls or voicemails;

[0157] ○ An icon 518 labeled "Mail" in the email client module 240, which optionally includes an indicator 510 for the number of unread emails;

[0158] ○ The icon 520 labeled "Browser" in browser module 247; and

[0159] ○ The icon 522 labeled "iPod" for the video and music player module 252 (also known as the iPod (a trademark of Apple Inc.) module 252); and

[0160] • Icons of other applications, such as:

[0161] ○The icon 524 labeled "Message" in IM module 241;

[0162] ○ The icon 526 labeled "Calendar" in calendar module 248;

[0163] ○ The icon 528 labeled "Photo" in the image management module 244;

[0164] ○ The icon 530 of camera module 243, which is labeled "camera";

[0165] ○ The icon 532 of the online video module 255, which is labeled "Online Video";

[0166] ○ The icon labeled "Stocks" in the stock desktop mini-program 249-2;

[0167] ○ Map module 254's icon 536 labeled "Map";

[0168] ○ The icon labeled "Weather" in the Weather desktop mini-program 249-1 is 538;

[0169] ○ The icon labeled "Clock" in the alarm clock desktop mini-program 249-4;

[0170] ○ The icon 542 labeled "Fitness Support" in the Fitness Support module 242;

[0171] ○ The icon 544 labeled "Notepad" in Notepad module 253; and

[0172] ○ An icon 546 labeled "Settings" is used to set the settings of the application or module, which provides access to the settings of the device 200 and its various applications 236.

[0173] It should be pointed out that, Figure 5A The icon labels shown are merely exemplary. For example, the icon 522 of the video and music player module 252 is optionally labeled "Music" or "Music Player". Other labels are optionally used for various application icons. In some embodiments, the label of a particular application icon includes the name of the application corresponding to that particular application icon. In some embodiments, the label of a particular application icon is different from the name of the application corresponding to that particular application icon.

[0174] Figure 5B A touch-sensitive surface 551 (e.g., separate from the display 550 (e.g., touchscreen display 212)) is shown. Figure 4 Devices (e.g., tablets or touchpads 455) Figure 4An exemplary user interface on device 400. Device 400 also optionally includes one or more contact intensity sensors (e.g., one or more sensors in sensor 457) for detecting the intensity of contact on tactile surface 551 and / or one or more tactile output generators 459 for generating tactile output for the user of device 400.

[0175] While some examples of input on a reference touchscreen display 212 (which combines a touch-sensitive surface and a display) are given in the following examples, in some implementations, the device detects input on a touch-sensitive surface separate from the display, such as... Figure 5B As shown in the diagram. In some embodiments, the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., Figure 5B 551) has a spindle (e.g., on the display (e.g., 550) that is aligned with the main axis on the display (e.g., Figure 5B The spindle corresponding to 553 in the figure (e.g., Figure 5B (552 in the example). According to these embodiments, the device detects the position corresponding to the corresponding position on the display (e.g., in the example). Figure 5B In the middle, 560 corresponds to 568 and 562 corresponds to 570) the contact with the touch-sensitive surface 551 at the location (e.g., Figure 5B (560 and 562 in the example). Thus, on touch-sensitive surfaces (e.g., Figure 5B 551 in the middle) and the display of a multi-functional device (e.g., Figure 5B When 550 is separated from 560, user input detected by the device on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., contact with 560 and 562 and their movement) is used by the device to manipulate the user interface on the display. It should be understood that similar methods may be optionally used for other user interfaces described herein.

[0176] Additionally, while the examples below are primarily given with reference to finger input (e.g., finger touch, single-finger tap, finger swipe), it should be understood that in some implementations, one or more of these finger inputs may be replaced by input from another input device (e.g., mouse-based input or stylus input). For example, a swipe gesture may optionally be replaced by a mouse click (e.g., instead of a touch), followed by movement of the cursor along the swipe path (e.g., instead of movement of the touch). Similarly, a tap gesture may optionally be replaced by a mouse click while the cursor is over the location of the tap gesture (e.g., instead of detection of touch, followed by cessation of touch detection). Likewise, when multiple user inputs are detected simultaneously, it should be understood that multiple computer mice may optionally be used simultaneously, or mouse and finger touch may optionally be used simultaneously.

[0177] Figure 6AAn exemplary personal electronic device 600 is illustrated. Device 600 includes a body 602. In some embodiments, device 600 includes components relative to devices 200 and 400 (e.g., Figures 2A-4 Some or all of the features described herein. In some embodiments, device 600 has a touch-sensitive display 604, hereinafter referred to as touchscreen 604. As an alternative to or complement to touchscreen 604, device 600 has a display and a touch-sensitive surface. Similar to devices 200 and 400, in some embodiments, touchscreen 604 (or touch-sensitive surface) has one or more intensity sensors for detecting the intensity of an applied contact (e.g., a touch). The one or more intensity sensors of touchscreen 604 (or touch-sensitive surface) provide output data representing the intensity of the touch. The user interface of device 600 responds to touches based on touch intensity, meaning that touches of different intensities may invoke different user interface operations on device 600.

[0178] Techniques for detecting and processing touch intensity may exist, for example, in the following related applications: International Patent Application Serial No. PCT / US2013 / 040061, filed May 8, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Displaying User Interface Objects Corresponding to an Application”, and International Patent Application Serial No. PCT / US2013 / 069483, filed November 11, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Transitioning Between Touch Input to Display Output Relationships”, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0179] In some embodiments, device 600 has one or more input mechanisms 606 and 608. Input mechanisms 606 and 608 (if included) are physical in form. Examples of physical input mechanisms include push-buttons and rotatable mechanisms. In some embodiments, device 600 has one or more attachment mechanisms. Such attachment mechanisms (if included) allow device 600 to be attached to, for example, hats, glasses, earrings, necklaces, shirts, jackets, bracelets, watch straps, bangles, trousers, belts, shoes, wallets, backpacks, etc. These attachment mechanisms allow a user to wear device 600.

[0180] Figure 6BAn exemplary personal electronic device 600 is illustrated. In some embodiments, device 600 includes, relative to... Figure 2A , Figure 2B and Figure 4 Some or all of the components described herein. Device 600 has a bus 612 that operatively couples I / O portion 614 to one or more computer processors 616 and memory 618. I / O portion 614 is connected to display 604, which may have touch-sensitive component 622 and optionally also has touch intensity-sensitive component 624. Furthermore, I / O portion 614 is connected to communication unit 630 for receiving application and operating system data using Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, near field communication (NFC), cellular and / or other wireless communication technologies. Device 600 includes input mechanisms 606 and / or 608. For example, input mechanism 606 is a rotatable input device or a pressable input device and a rotatable input device. In some examples, input mechanism 608 is a button.

[0181] In some examples, the input mechanism 608 is a microphone. The personal electronic device 600 includes, for example, various sensors such as a GPS sensor 632, an accelerometer 634, an orientation sensor 640 (e.g., a compass), a gyroscope 636, a motion sensor 638, and / or combinations thereof, all of which are operatively connected to the I / O section 614.

[0182] The memory 618 of the personal electronic device 600 is a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium for storing computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by one or more computer processors 616, cause the computer processors to perform the techniques and processes described above. The computer-executable instructions are also stored and / or transmitted, for example, in any non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based system, a processor-containing system, or other system capable of retrieving and executing instructions from and from an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The personal electronic device 600 is not limited to... Figure 6B It can be the components and configurations, or it can include other components or additional components in a variety of configurations.

[0183] As used herein, the term "power indication" refers, for example, in devices 200, 400, and / or 600 (… Figure 2A , Figure 4 and Figures 6A to 6B A graphical user interface object displayed on a screen. For example, images (e.g., icons), buttons, and text (e.g., hyperlinks) each constitute a display representation.

[0184] As used herein, the term "focus selector" refers to an input element used to indicate the current portion of a user interface with which a user is interacting. In some specific implementations that include a cursor or other positional marker, the cursor acts as a "focus selector," such that when the cursor is over a particular user interface element (e.g., a button, window, slider, or other user interface element), the cursor is positioned on a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a...). Figure 4 The touchpad 455 or Figure 5B When an input (e.g., a press input) is detected on the touch-sensitive surface 551 of the display, the specific user interface element is adjusted according to the detected input. This applies to touchscreen displays (e.g., those capable of direct interaction with user interface elements on a touchscreen display) that enable direct interaction with user interface elements on the touchscreen display. Figure 2A The touch-sensitive display system 212 or Figure 5A In some embodiments of the touchscreen 212, a touch detected on the touchscreen acts as a "focus selector," such that when input (e.g., a press input by touch) is detected at the location of a particular user interface element (e.g., a button, window, slider, or other user interface element) on the touchscreen display, that particular user interface element is adjusted according to the detected input. In some embodiments, focus moves from one area of ​​the user interface to another without corresponding movement of the cursor or movement of a touch on the touchscreen display (e.g., moving focus from one button to another using tab keys or arrow keys); in these embodiments, the focus selector moves according to the movement of focus between different areas of the user interface. Regardless of the specific form the focus selector takes, the focus selector is typically a user-controlled user interface element (or a touch on the touchscreen display) that delivers the user-expected interaction with the user interface (e.g., by indicating to the device the element of the user interface that the user expects to interact with). For example, when a press input is detected on a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touchpad or touchscreen), the position of the focus selector (e.g., a cursor, touch, or selection box) above the corresponding button will indicate to the user that they expect to activate the corresponding button (rather than other user interface elements shown on the device's display).

[0185] As used in the specification and claims, the term "characteristic intensity" of a contact refers to a characteristic of the contact based on one or more intensities of the contact. In some embodiments, the characteristic intensity is based on multiple intensity samples. The characteristic intensity is optionally based on a predefined number of intensity samples or a set of intensity samples collected over a predetermined time period (e.g., 0.05 seconds, 0.1 seconds, 0.2 seconds, 0.5 seconds, 1 second, 2 seconds, 5 seconds, 10 seconds) relative to a predefined event (e.g., after contact is detected, before contact is detected to be lifted, before or after contact begins to move, before contact ends, before or after contact intensity is detected to increase and / or before or after contact intensity decreases). The characteristic intensity of the contact is optionally based on one or more of the following: the maximum value of the contact intensity, the mean value of the contact intensity, the average value of the contact intensity, the value at the top 10% of the contact intensity, the half maximum value of the contact intensity, the 90% maximum value of the contact intensity, etc. In some embodiments, the duration of the contact is used when determining the characteristic intensity (e.g., when the characteristic intensity is the average value of the contact intensity over time). In some implementations, the feature intensity is compared to a set of one or more intensity thresholds to determine whether a user has performed an action. For example, the set of one or more intensity thresholds may include a first intensity threshold and a second intensity threshold. In this example, contact with a feature intensity not exceeding the first threshold results in a first action, contact with a feature intensity exceeding the first intensity threshold but not exceeding the second intensity threshold results in a second action, and contact with a feature intensity exceeding the second threshold results in a third action. In some implementations, a comparison between the feature intensity and one or more thresholds is used to determine whether to perform one or more actions (e.g., whether to perform the corresponding action or abort performing the corresponding action), rather than to determine whether to perform the first or second action.

[0186] In some implementations, a portion of the gesture is identified to determine the characteristic intensity. For example, a touch-sensitive surface receives a series of swipes that transition from a starting position to an ending position, where the intensity of the contact increases. In this example, the characteristic intensity of the contact at the ending position is based only on a portion of the series of swipes, rather than the entire swipe (e.g., the swipe contact is only the portion at the ending position). In some implementations, a smoothing algorithm is applied to the intensity of the swipe contact before determining its characteristic intensity. For example, the smoothing algorithm optionally includes one or more of the following: unweighted moving average smoothing algorithm, triangular smoothing algorithm, median filter smoothing algorithm, and / or exponential smoothing algorithm. In some cases, these smoothing algorithms eliminate narrow spikes or dips in the intensity of the swipe contact to achieve the purpose of determining the characteristic intensity.

[0187] The strength of a contact on a touch-sensitive surface is characterized relative to one or more strength thresholds, such as a contact detection strength threshold, a light press strength threshold, a deep press strength threshold, and / or one or more other strength thresholds. In some embodiments, the light press strength threshold corresponds to an intensity at which the device performs an operation typically associated with clicking a button on a physical mouse or touchpad. In some embodiments, the deep press strength threshold corresponds to an intensity at which the device performs an operation different from the operation typically associated with clicking a button on a physical mouse or touchpad. In some embodiments, when a contact with a characteristic strength lower than the light press strength threshold (e.g., and higher than the nominal contact detection strength threshold, where contacts lower than the nominal contact detection strength threshold are no longer detected) is detected, the device will move the focus selector based on the movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface without performing the operation associated with the light press strength threshold or the deep press strength threshold. Generally, unless otherwise stated, these strength thresholds are consistent across different groups of user interface figures.

[0188] An increase in contact intensity from below a light press intensity threshold to an intensity between the light press intensity threshold and the deep press intensity threshold is sometimes referred to as a "light press" input. An increase in contact intensity from below a deep press intensity threshold to an intensity above the deep press intensity threshold is sometimes referred to as a "deep press" input. An increase in contact intensity from below a contact detection intensity threshold to an intensity between the contact detection intensity threshold and the light press intensity threshold is sometimes referred to as detecting a contact on the touch surface. A decrease in contact intensity from above a contact detection intensity threshold to an intensity below the contact detection intensity threshold is sometimes referred to as detecting a contact being lifted off the touch surface. In some embodiments, the contact detection intensity threshold is zero. In some embodiments, the contact detection intensity threshold is greater than zero.

[0189] In some embodiments described herein, one or more operations are performed in response to detecting a gesture including a corresponding press input or in response to detecting a corresponding press input performed using a corresponding contact (or multiple contacts), wherein the corresponding press input is detected at least in part based on detecting that the intensity of the contact (or multiple contacts) increases to above a press input intensity threshold. In some embodiments, the corresponding operation is performed in response to detecting that the intensity of the corresponding contact increases to above a press input intensity threshold (e.g., a "downward stroke" of the corresponding press input). In some embodiments, the press input includes the intensity of the corresponding contact increasing to above a press input intensity threshold and the intensity of the contact subsequently decreasing to below the press input intensity threshold, and the corresponding operation is performed in response to detecting that the intensity of the corresponding contact subsequently decreases to below the press input threshold (e.g., an "upward stroke" of the corresponding press input).

[0190] In some implementations, the device employs intensity hysteresis to avoid unintended inputs sometimes referred to as "jitter," wherein the device defines or selects a hysteresis intensity threshold that has a predefined relationship with a press input intensity threshold (e.g., the hysteresis intensity threshold is X intensity units lower than the press input intensity threshold, or the hysteresis intensity threshold is 75%, 90%, or some reasonable percentage of the press input intensity threshold). Therefore, in some implementations, a press input includes an increase in the intensity of the corresponding contact above the press input intensity threshold and a subsequent decrease in the intensity of that contact below the hysteresis intensity threshold corresponding to the press input intensity threshold, and a corresponding operation is performed in response to detecting that the intensity of the corresponding contact subsequently decreases below the hysteresis intensity threshold (e.g., an "upstroke" of the corresponding press input). Similarly, in some implementations, a press input is detected only when the device detects that the contact intensity increases from an intensity equal to or below the hysteresis intensity threshold to an intensity equal to or above the press input intensity threshold and optionally the contact intensity subsequently decreases to an intensity equal to or below the hysteresis intensity threshold, and a corresponding operation is performed in response to detecting a press input (e.g., an increase or decrease in contact intensity depending on the environment).

[0191] For ease of explanation, optionally, the description of an operation triggered in response to a press input associated with a press input strength threshold or in response to a gesture including a press input is provided in response to detecting any of the following conditions: the contact strength increases to above the press input strength threshold, the contact strength increases from below a hysteresis strength threshold to above the press input strength threshold, the contact strength decreases to below the press input strength threshold, and / or the contact strength decreases to below the hysteresis strength threshold corresponding to the press input strength threshold. Additionally, in the example where the operation is described as being performed in response to detecting a decrease in contact strength below the press input strength threshold, the operation is optionally performed in response to detecting a decrease in contact strength below a hysteresis strength threshold corresponding to and less than the press input strength threshold.

[0192] 3. A process for providing relevant data items based on context.

[0193] Figures 7A to 7E , Figure 8 and Figure 9 A system for providing relevant data items based on context is shown. For example, such as... Figure 7A As shown, electronic device 700 may include any device described herein, including but not limited to devices 104, 200, 400, and 600. Figure 1 , Figure 2A , Figure 4 and Figures 6A to 6B Therefore, it should be understood that Figures 7A to 7E , Figure 8 and Figure 9The electronic devices described herein can correspond to any type of user device, such as telephones, laptops, desktop computers, tablets, wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches), etc. Furthermore, the processes described herein can be executed by a server that has information delivered to and from the device, information executed on the device, or a combination thereof.

[0194] refer to Figure 7A Electronic device 700 can display a list of multiple display options associated with various data items for the user to select. Generally, data items typically correspond to functions of the electronic device, such as opening device applications, performing tasks on the device and / or another device. During device operation, data items may be displayed to the user, for example, as a “stack” or “group” of data items on the electronic device’s main screen. For example, data item 702 may be associated with a weather application on the device, and data item 704 may be associated with a stock application on the device. Display options for other device applications may be displayed, such as sports, news, music, photos, notepad, etc. In some examples, display options may be associated with device applications provided by “third-party” developers that are downloadable (e.g., free to download or paid to download), such as social media applications or game applications. In some examples, data items may correspond to device tasks. For example, a user may select weather data item 702, which may cause an additional user interface to be displayed, which includes tasks related to weather data item 702. In this example, the additional task may involve prompting the user to enter a specific city where they want to check the weather, and / or it may involve the user selecting a specific weather task at a specific location (e.g., checking the weather radar, checking the high / low temperature weekly, etc.).

[0195] In some examples, a user can select multiple data items. For example, a user can select one or more displayed data items. Once a user has selected data items, they can rank the data items to indicate a relative preference for each item, or they can otherwise specify the order of the data items. As an example, a user can manipulate a movement indicator within or near each data item to reorder the data items. A user can press and drag movement indicator 708 to move weather data item 702 to the top of the data item list. A user can press and drag movement indicator 710 to move stock data item 704 to the second highest position in the data item list. Such movements may indicate that the user prefers to consider the weather data item as the "top" or highest data item in the displayed stack of data items, and preferably considers the stock data item as the second highest data item in the displayed stack. A user can optionally perform one or more predetermined gesture movements to remove a data item from the list. For example, a user can press and swipe left or right on a displayed data item to remove it from the displayed list.

[0196] In some examples, multiple data items may be identified in part based on user selection. Once multiple data items are identified, multiple confidence values ​​can be identified, each corresponding to a specific data item and indicating the relevance of that data item to the current context information. The acquired data items may include those previously selected by the user. For example, a user's selection of a data item may result in that data item being automatically included among the identified multiple data items. In some examples, the user's selection and placement of data items may affect the confidence value associated with the selected data item (e.g., a higher placement may correspond to a higher confidence). Identifying data items from one or more data items may include identifying data items associated with confidence values ​​exceeding a confidence threshold, as discussed further herein. Data items may also be referred to as "desktop applets," "cards," etc.

[0197] Data items can be identified from one or more data models. Data models can typically correspond to models such as information models related to applications and / or related tasks, third-party models related to third-party applications and / or related tasks, etc. Data models can also include application-specific models, such as weather application data models. Each of the multiple data models can be associated with a model confidence value. As an example, various data items can be identified from a weather data model, such as a first weather application, a second weather application downloaded from a third party, a first weather task corresponding to identifying the weather in a first city, and a second weather task corresponding to identifying the weather in a second city. The weather data model can be associated with a "high" model confidence value (e.g., 80 out of 100). Data items can also be identified from a financial data model, such as a stock application, a financial news application downloaded from a third party, a bank application downloaded from a third party, and a task corresponding to checking the price of a specific stock. The financial data model can be associated with a "medium" confidence value (e.g., 50 out of 100). Various data items can also be identified from the music data model, such as the first music application, a second music application downloaded from a third party, and a task corresponding to playing a specific song using a specific music application. The music data model can be associated with a "low" confidence value (e.g., 30 out of 100).

[0198] Model confidence values ​​indicate the general relevance of data items provided by the corresponding data model. The system can compare model confidence values ​​to adjust the relative confidence of various data items. In some examples, model confidence values ​​may be based at least in part on contextual information, such as information associated with input received at the device (e.g., information received from a microphone, a third-party application, another user, etc.), detected state changes on the device (e.g., device orientation and movement, changes in device location, etc.), and detected environmental conditions at the device (e.g., light levels, sound levels, stress levels, proximity to other devices, etc.). In some examples, contextual information may be associated with information residing on the user's device, such as user preferences, interaction history, general heuristics related to user behavior and predicted user actions, etc. For example, predictions of general user behavior and actions (such as user routines) can be achieved by analyzing, for example, typical user behavior that occurs for a period exceeding a threshold amount at a specific time (e.g., a user may leave home at a specific time each workday, or invoke specific device tasks upon arriving at work, etc.).

[0199] Model confidence values ​​can be used to increase or decrease the weights associated with one or more data items. For example, contextual information can indicate that a user frequently uses financial applications and / or related financial tasks. Contextual information can also indicate that a user occasionally uses music-related applications and / or features and rarely uses sports-related applications and / or features. Therefore, data items identified from a financial client model can be given more weight than data items identified from other client models. For example, a confidence value associated with a data item identified from a financial client model can be given a higher weight than a confidence value associated with a data item identified from a music client model. As an example, a data item corresponding to a corresponding stock application might have a base confidence value of 50 on a scale of 0 to 100. A data item corresponding to a corresponding music application might also have a base confidence value of 50 on a scale of 0 to 100. When comparing model confidence values, the confidence value for a stock application might increase (e.g., from 50 to 60 or above). In some examples, the confidence value for a music application might decrease based on the comparison (e.g., from 50 to 40 or below). The comparison based on additional model confidence values ​​can also affect the amount (if any) that each confidence value is adjusted for. Data item confidence values ​​can also be adjusted in other ways. For example, if a model confidence value is determined to exceed a model confidence threshold, the confidence value of any data item identified from the corresponding data model is automatically weighted higher.

[0200] In some examples, the confidence values ​​of data items can also be adjusted or otherwise influenced based on the current context information. According to the examples above, a data item corresponding to a stock application could have a confidence value of 80, and a data item corresponding to a music application could have a confidence value of 40. The identified data items may also include a data item corresponding to a weather application associated with a confidence value of 50. Context information on the user's device can instruct the user to routinely check the weather each morning before leaving for work. For example, a user might typically open the weather application on their device and provide verbal input (e.g., "Hey Siri, what's the weather like in San Francisco today?"), or perform a predefined function for checking the San Francisco weather (e.g., activating a power indicator corresponding to a user-customized "San Francisco weather" action). The user might check the weather at a specific time (e.g., typically between 7:00 and 7:15 AM on weekdays), or when the user leaves home on a weekday morning (e.g., as the device moves away from the "home" location). Therefore, the confidence values ​​associated with the corresponding weather data items can be adjusted based on the current context information. Specifically, the current context information may indicate the current date / time corresponding to 7:00 AM on a weekday, and / or indicate the user's location away from home based on device movement and location information. Therefore, the device can determine, based on the context information, that a typical user action (e.g., calling a specific weather app) is highly relevant. This determination reflects a high probability that the user will use the weather app or otherwise wish to view weather information given the current context. Given this determination, the confidence value associated with the data item corresponding to the specific weather app increases (e.g., from 50 to 90 or higher).

[0201] Once multiple data items and their associated confidence values ​​are identified, the data items can be sorted based on these confidence values, such as sorting in descending order based on decreasing confidence values. For example, identifying data items from a data model includes weighting (if any) based on model confidence values. The identified data items could include a stock app with a confidence value of 80 (out of 100), a music app with a confidence value of 40 (out of 100), and a weather app with a confidence value of 90 (out of 100). Therefore, the data items could be sorted such that the weather app is the first data item in the sorted data items, the stock app is the second data item, and the music app is the third data item.

[0202] refer to Figure 7BThe illustration depicts an exemplary "home" screen of an electronic device 700. Users can navigate to the home screen by unlocking the device, performing a gesture (e.g., swiping up from the bottom of the display), pressing a button on the device, etc. Upon navigating to the home screen, a data item 712 corresponding to a first data item in a data item group can be displayed. The first data item may correspond to a data item with the highest confidence value among multiple data items, such as a weather data item with a confidence value of 90 (out of 100). The highest confidence value indicates the data item with the highest relevance to the current context information. The displayed data item 712 may include additional display information related to the corresponding data item. In this example, the additional information related to the weather data item may include the current conditions (e.g., partially cloudy) of the relevant location (e.g., San Francisco), and temperature information such as the current temperature and the day's high / low temperature. Data item 712 may be displayed as an overlay on data item group 712a to indicate to the user that additional data items are available for display. Generally, data item 712 and group 712a may be displayed in a specific area on the home screen, such as... Figure 7B The top position is shown. In some examples, data item 712 and group 712a may be displayed at the bottom, left, right, center, or any other position where the user can view and interact with the data item. In some examples, the user can configure the position of data item 712 and group 712a, such as configuring the position of the data item to be displayed on the home screen of the display. (As shown relative to...) Figures 8 to 9 In more detail, users can also configure the size of the displayed data items.

[0203] refer to Figure 7C Users can provide various inputs to replace displayed data items within a group of displayed data items with newly displayed data items. For example, the electronic device may receive user input 714 corresponding to a touch motion in a first direction (e.g., an upward swipe motion on or near displayed data item 712). In response to user input 714, a data item 716 corresponding to a second data item may be displayed to replace displayed data item 712. For example, data item 716 may correspond to a data item among multiple data items that has the next lowest confidence value relative to data item 712, such as a second data item corresponding to a stock application. The displayed data item 716 corresponding to the stock application may include additional display information corresponding to that data item, such as company name, current stock price, daily percentage movement, historical stock price information (e.g., today, week, month, year, etc.).

[0204] Users can provide additional user input to replace currently displayed data items in the displayed groupings with newly displayed data items. For example, a second user input could include a touch motion in a second direction opposite to the first direction (e.g., a downward swipe motion on or near the displayed data item 716). In response to the second user input, a data item can be displayed to replace the currently displayed data item. In this example, the displayed data item could correspond to a data item among multiple data items that has the next highest confidence value relative to data item 716, such as a first data item corresponding to a previously displayed weather application. In some examples, confidence values ​​associated with multiple data items are updated based on user input. For example, if a user rotates to the currently displayed data item and does not continue rotating to different data items (e.g., pausing and viewing the data item, activating the data item to launch the application or perform a task, etc.), the currently displayed data item might be considered the most relevant. In response to a user action indicating the relevance of a data item, the confidence value of the corresponding data item can be increased. For example, the confidence value can be increased at any future time when the future context information is consistent with the current context information.

[0205] In some examples, contextual information associated with an electronic device is received, where multiple confidence values ​​for the update are detected based on this updated contextual information. Generally, the confidence value of a data item can be based in part on the correlation between the corresponding data item and various aspects of the contextual information. For example, current information associated with a device application can influence various confidence values. For instance, a user may have previously indicated through a stock application corresponding to data item 716 that "ABC Company" is the user's favorite company. Therefore, any movement of "ABC Company" stock that meets a threshold (e.g., an increase or decrease greater than 1%) can increase the confidence value associated with data item 716 corresponding to the stock application, as described herein. Current information associated with a device application can correspond to various types of information, such as ride-sharing status. For example, a user may have booked a ride through a ride-sharing application, making the current information include application updates about the booking status (e.g., "Your driver is on the way," "Arriving in five minutes," etc.). Users can utilize home automation and security systems, including "Home" applications on electronic devices. In this context, current information may also include notifications from home automation and security systems (e.g., "Motion detected in the living room," "Front door open," "Basement temperature set to 70 degrees Celsius," etc.). Current information may also be associated with a variety of other events, such as sports scores, breaking news notifications, food delivery status updates, etc.

[0206] In some examples, updated user preferences and / or user interaction history can influence various confidence values. For instance, user interaction history might indicate that a user has recently downloaded a news feed app and uses it frequently. During periods of typically low device activity (e.g., morning or evening, nighttime, lunch / dinner time, etc.), the confidence values ​​for various data items across multiple data items may be relatively low. Given recent usage history associated with a news app, the confidence value associated with the news app can be increased, especially when the confidence values ​​for various other data items are low given the current context information. In some examples, users can input various preferences for specific applications, such as turning notifications for third-party applications on / off. In response to receiving user preferences for turning notifications on / off the corresponding application, the confidence value for the data item corresponding to that application can be appropriately increased or decreased.

[0207] In some examples, the location of an electronic device can influence various confidence values. Specifically, one or more confidence values ​​may be based in part on the association between the corresponding data item and the location of the electronic device. For example, a data item associated with a calendar event may include parameters of the event's location, such as a specific physical address. The electronic device may detect movement of the device to a specific location (such as a location near the physical address). The confidence value of that data item is increased based on the correlation between the data item associated with the calendar event and the specific location near the physical address. Confidence values ​​for other data items are based on the association between the data item and the location of the electronic device, such as a "home" application associated with the location of a user's home (e.g., for performing functions related to home appliances or systems, such as heating / cooling, media, security, etc.).

[0208] Based on updated context information, updated confidence values ​​may include a third confidence value associated with a third data item. The order of the data items is modified based on the determination that this third confidence value is higher than the confidence value corresponding to the displayed data item. As an example, confidence values ​​may also be based on the association between the corresponding data item and a calendar event. A calendar event may include a start time (e.g., 10:00 AM today). The start time of a calendar event may be within a threshold time frame (e.g., within 15 minutes). The confidence value of the appropriate data item is increased based on the determination that any calendar event or subset of calendar events (e.g., events on work-related calendars, calendars shared with specific contacts, etc.) falls within the threshold time frame of the current time. Specifically, in this example, the confidence value of the data item corresponding to the calendar application is increased (e.g., from 30 to 100).

[0209] Modifying the order of multiple sorted data items can include changing the order value of each data item within the data items. Continuing the example above, before retrieving updated context information, the sorted data items might already include a first display data item (order 1) with a confidence value of 90 (out of 100) for a weather application, a second data item (order 2) with a confidence value of 80 (out of 100) for a stock application, a third data item (order 3) with a confidence value of 40 (out of 100) for a music application, and a fourth data item (order 4) with a confidence value of 30 (out of 100) for a calendar application. When retrieving updated context information, the order value of each data item can be modified so that the order values ​​are arranged in descending order based on the updated confidence values. Therefore, the updated sorted data items may include a first data item (order 1) corresponding to a calendar application with a confidence value of 80 (out of 100), a second data item (order 2) corresponding to a weather application with a confidence value of 60 (out of 100), a third data item (order 3) corresponding to a stock application with a confidence value of 40 (out of 100), and a fourth data item (order 4) corresponding to a music application with a confidence value of 20 (out of 100).

[0210] refer to Figure 7DThe text displays the data item with the highest confidence value based on the modification order of multiple data items, such as data item 718 corresponding to a calendar event from a calendar application. As described above, data item 718 with the highest confidence value can indicate the data item with the highest relevance to the current context information. For example, data item 718 may correspond to a calendar application and may include additional information related to the event (e.g., one or more events within a threshold time from the current time). Additional information may include meeting name (such as "Meeting with a Contractor"), meeting start time and / or time range (such as "Today from 10:00 AM to 12:00 PM"), and other relevant event information. In this example, data item 718 corresponding to a calendar event can be displayed due to the correlation between the event related to the calendar data item and the current location of the user's device (e.g., a location near the corresponding office in Oakland, California). For example, the calendar event may be scheduled as "Meeting with a Contractor," including the location "Oakland Office" corresponding to the corresponding office. Generally, once the user arrives at a location near the corresponding office, data item 718 can become the data item with the highest confidence value among multiple data items. In some examples, data item 718 can be identified based on the start time of the calendar event (e.g., 10:00 AM) being within a threshold of the current time (e.g., 10 minutes from 9:50 AM). Therefore, data item 718 can become the data item with the highest confidence value among multiple data items once the user arrives near the corresponding office and / or once the event start time is within the threshold time from the current time. Thus, data item 718 can be displayed when the user unlocks the device and navigates to the home screen. In some examples, data item 718 can be displayed as an alternative to previously displayed data items when the user views the home screen (e.g., ...). Figure 7C Data item 716).

[0211] As a data item replaces a displayed data item based on updated context information, the user can continue scrolling or otherwise rotating through the grouping of displayed data items. For example, the electronic device may receive user input corresponding to a touch motion in a specific direction (e.g., an upward swipe on or near the displayed data item 718, or a downward swipe on or near the displayed data item 718). In response to user input, an additional data item may be displayed to replace the displayed data item 718 (not shown). Generally, data items displayed as overlays on a group of data items may continue to be displayed until user input is received, including requests to remove data items and groups from the display (e.g., swipe gestures to the left or right, changes in user preferences, etc.). Furthermore, the order values ​​of multiple data items can be further modified such that the modified order value of the additional data item corresponds to the highest order value of the sorted multiple data items. In some examples, the order values ​​of multiple data items are not further modified until a specific user action instructs the modification relevance of the multiple data items. For example, it is determined that the order value should be modified once the user rotates to a specific data item and pauses on that data item for more than a threshold time period.

[0212] refer to Figure 7E Additional data items not initially included in multiple data items can be added to multiple data items based on updated contextual information. Specifically, additional data items may not have been initially selected by the user to be included in multiple data items. Updated contextual information may include information related to various events or other conditions, such as reminders about incoming conference call numbers, birthday / anniversary information associated with a device contact, battery level information of electronic devices or attachments (e.g., wireless headsets, smartwatches, etc.), and activation of vibration / do not disturb / silent settings. Updated contextual information may also include predictions of potential user actions, such as sending messages including "late" to groups associated with calendar events, calling specific contacts, etc. For example, an electronic device may include data item 720 for a phone birthday reminder associated with a stored contact named "John Appleseed" whose birthday is June 5, 1980 (e.g., birthday information is stored with contact information or can be otherwise accessed by the device). Data item 720 may initially be associated with a confidence value of 0 (out of 100). The updated context information may include the update date and time, such as 7:15 a.m. on June 5, 2020. For example, the updated context information may be retrieved continuously or when the user unlocks the device (e.g., updated when the user unlocks the device in the morning). Based on the updated context information, the confidence value associated with data item 720 may be increased (e.g., from 0 (out of 100) to 70 (out of 100)).

[0213] In some examples, it is determined whether the confidence value associated with the additional data item exceeds a confidence threshold. The confidence threshold may include a predetermined or dynamically adjusted threshold, or alternatively or additionally, it may be set based on the average or combined confidence values ​​of multiple data items. For example, the multiple data items may include a stock application with a confidence value of 70 (out of 100), a navigation task for specifying a route to a "work" location with a confidence value of 60 (out of 100), and a task for turning on "Do Not Disturb" settings with a confidence value of 20 (out of 100). The confidence threshold may be determined based on the average confidence value of the multiple data items (such as 50). Therefore, based on the determination that the confidence value of data item 720 exceeds the confidence threshold 50, data item 720 is added to the multiple data items. Furthermore, because data item 720 has the highest confidence value among the multiple confidence values, data item 720 may be displayed as an alternative to the currently displayed data item, such as... Figure 7E As shown.

[0214] Identifying additional data items may also include: receiving input corresponding to at least one of the user's interaction history and movement history on the electronic device; and predicting user actions based on that input. For example, a user might typically start a running workout via a fitness app at 6 a.m. on a weekday. Based on the user's interaction history, additional data items related to starting a running workout might have increased confidence values ​​at 6 a.m. (or around 6 a.m.) on a weekday. Identifying additional data items may also include: acquiring at least one of information associated with the device app and information from a remote source; and identifying corresponding notifications based on that information. As an example, a user might have previously booked a flight from San Francisco to Boston, allowing the flight information to be retained on an airline app on the device. The airline app can provide updates on the flight, such as a departure time delay. Notifications might include easily accessible information such as "Flight 34 to New York City is delayed by one hour." Therefore, when acquiring information, data items including notifications with delayed flight information can be identified and associated with a high confidence level. Identifying additional data items may also include identifying predictions from the device app. For example, a user might be browsing historical locations or other significant events. Therefore, data items associated with the camera application can be identified so that the user can capture media of that location or event.

[0215] In some examples, additional data items are identified based on the determination that none of the multiple identified confidence values ​​exceed a confidence threshold. These additional data items are associated with usage values. Generally, various tasks or other applications on a device may be used less frequently than others. For example, a user may rarely use the "Home" application associated with tasks related to home automation, connected home appliances, home security, etc. Therefore, the usage value associated with the "Home" application may be low (e.g., 5 out of 100). When none of the multiple identified confidence values ​​exceed a confidence threshold, it is determined that the "Home" application usage value does not exceed a usage threshold (e.g., threshold 10 out of 100). Therefore, additional data items corresponding to the "Home" application or tasks related to the Home application (e.g., "turn on the living room lights") can be added to multiple data items. Thus, based on the confidence value of the additional data item being the highest among the multiple confidence values, the additional item can be displayed as an alternative to the currently displayed data item. Alternatively, additional data items may be displayed as the user scrolls or otherwise rotates through groups of data items displayed on the screen.

[0216] Looking at it now Figure 8 This illustrates a process 800 for selecting data items. Generally, the data items displayed to the user can be associated with various display sizes. For example, multiple data items can be simultaneously displayed to the user, such as via a "home screen" on an electronic device, as relative to... Figure 9 This will be discussed in more detail. Specifically, multiple data items can be arranged and presented to the user based on various factors as described herein. For example, a first data item arrangement 802 may include a first displayable data item 804, which includes a single data item 804a. Data item 804a may have a corresponding display size of two units × four units. Each unit may correspond to a corresponding display area (e.g., a predetermined number of pixels per unit). The first data item arrangement 802 may also include a second displayable data item 806, which includes data item 806a and four data items 806b. Data item 806a may have a corresponding display size of two units × two units, while each data item 806b has a corresponding display size of one unit × one unit. The first data item arrangement 802 may also include a third displayable data item 808, which includes two data items 808a and four data items 808b. Data item 808a can each have a corresponding display size of one unit × two units, while data item 808b can each have a corresponding display size of one unit × one unit.

[0217] Once the first plurality of data items are identified, a second plurality of data items can be identified from these first plurality of data items to select an arrangement of data items for display. Generally, the second plurality of data items can be selected based on high confidence values. Specifically, each data item in the second plurality of data items associated with a confidence value exceeding a predetermined threshold can be selected. The predetermined threshold can correspond to a specific percentile of the composite confidence values ​​from the first plurality of data items. As an example, the first plurality of data items may include 40 data items, and the confidence values ​​of the first plurality of data items may range from 5 (out of 100) to 95 (out of 100). The 60th percentile of the confidence values ​​may correspond to a confidence value of 75 (out of 100), such that 16 data items include confidence values ​​equal to or greater than 75, and 24 data items include confidence values ​​less than 75. Therefore, the predetermined threshold may correspond to 75 (out of 100), and the second plurality of data items includes 16 data items with confidence values ​​of 75 or greater.

[0218] In some examples, identifying a second plurality of data items involves determining a similarity score based on a first data item and a second data item that exceed a predetermined threshold. Specifically, the similarity score can indicate repeating data items or otherwise substantially similar data items within the first plurality of data items. As an example, the first data item could correspond to a weather application, and the second data item could correspond to a task that checks the weather in San Francisco. The similarity score can be increased based on determining that the data items correspond to the same domain (e.g., a weather domain). Furthermore, the similarity score can be increased based on determining that the task corresponds to the same application (e.g., the task selection will invoke the weather application).

[0219] Other factors can be used to adjust or otherwise determine the similarity score, such as the outcome of the task. For example, the first data item might correspond to a task of playing a song on an electronic device (e.g., a mobile phone) using a first application, while the second data item might correspond to a task of playing a song on another electronic device (e.g., a surround sound system) using a second media application. In this example, although both tasks may involve the same domain (e.g., media, music, etc.), the similarity score may not exceed a predetermined threshold because different target devices are used. In some examples, the first or second data item may not be included in a second plurality of data items based on the determination that the similarity score exceeds the similarity threshold. For example, data items with higher confidence values ​​may be included, while data items with lower confidence values ​​may be excluded.

[0220] In some examples, a data item is excluded from a second or more data items based on a similarity score between the data item and the displayed energy representation. For example, a data item might correspond to a weather application (e.g., such as...). Figure 7B The data item 712 shown is displayed in the image. The user may have arranged power indicators on the device's home screen (or the currently displayed screen), such as power indicators for invoking various applications. One of the power indicators on the home screen may be associated with a weather application (e.g., the same weather application or a similar weather application corresponding to the data item). Similar to the determination above, based on the similarity score exceeding a similarity threshold, the first data item is not included in the identified second plurality of data items based on the similarity to the application power indicator on the home screen.

[0221] Generally, a system may tend to display a larger amount of information to the user rather than a smaller amount. Specifically, various subsets of data items can be determined, where each data item within a subset corresponds to the same display size. Data items within each subset can also be weighted based on the display size corresponding to the data items in the subset. As an example, based on the determination that a first display size is smaller than a second display size, the weighting of each data item in the first subset is higher than the weighting of each data item in the second subset. Return to Reference Figure 8 For example, data items 806b and 808b (each with the size of one square cell) can each be identified as a first subset with a first weight (e.g., weight 4, where 4 is the highest weight). Data item 808a (with the size of two square cells) can each be identified as a second subset with a second weight (e.g., weight 3). Data item 806a (with the size of four square cells) can be identified as a third subset with a third weight (e.g., weight 2). Data item 804a (with the size of eight square cells) can be identified as a fourth subset with a fourth weight (e.g., weight 1, where 1 is the lowest weight). In some examples, additional cells may be included within subsets. Thus, data items can each be weighted based on the corresponding weight associated with the subset. For example, data item 804a may be associated with weight 1, and data items 806b and 808b may be associated with weight 4.

[0222] The arrangement of data items may typically include identifying a predetermined display item size. The display item size may correspond to the size of the data items being displayed, such as the size of the data items that can be displayed. For example, the predetermined display item size may correspond to the size of the data items 804, 806, and 808, such as eight square cells. A high-confidence subset of a second set of data items may be identified, where each data item in the high-confidence subset is associated with a confidence value exceeding a second predetermined threshold (e.g., confidence values ​​for data items in the top 10% of the data items within the second set of data items). Specifically, the high-confidence subset is identified once weights are applied to the data items based on their relative display size, and / or once duplicate or redundant data items are removed from the multiple data items. In some examples, multiple display sizes corresponding to the data items in this subset are combined, where the combined display size is less than or equal to the predetermined display item size. For example, data items 804a, 806a, 806b, 808a, and 808b can be identified as a high-confidence subset of data items associated with a confidence value exceeding a second predetermined threshold. The combined display size of data items 804a, 806a, 806b, 808a, and 808b can be 24 square cells. Specifically, the predetermined display item size can correspond to the overall size of the data items 804, 806, and 808 that can be displayed, which can be 24 square cells.

[0223] Once the combined display size is determined, multiple corresponding data items can be provided as candidate arrangements, such as candidate arrangement 810. Candidate arrangement 810 may include displayable data items 812, 814, and 816. Displayable data item 812 may include data items 812a and 812b. Data items 812a and 812b may be associated with the highest confidence value (weighted or unweighted) of a high-confidence subset. Therefore, data items 812a and 812b may be displayed to the user as the "top" data item in that data item group within displayable data item 812, as relative to... Figure 9This will be discussed in more detail. Similarly, data item 814a may be associated with the next highest confidence value of a high-confidence subset (e.g., lower than the confidence values ​​of data items 812a and 812b) and may be displayed to the user within a second displayable data item 814 in that data item group (e.g., the user may provide a single touch motion to “swipe” from displayable data item 812 to displayable data item 814). Data items 816a and 816b may be associated with the next highest confidence value of a high-confidence subset (e.g., lower than the confidence values ​​of data items 812a, 812b, and 814a) and may be displayed to the user within a third displayable data item 816 in that data item group (e.g., the user may provide two touch motions to “swipe” from displayable data item 812 to displayable data item 816).

[0224] In some examples, multiple candidate layouts are obtained, and a score is acquired for each candidate layout. The score can be influenced by various factors, such as the proximity of a particular data item to other data items. For example, the score may decrease when the layout includes displayable data items with data items for a task and data items for an application associated with that task (e.g., the task "Call Dad" and the application "Phone"). In some examples, the score may increase when the layout includes display item sizes of uniform types (e.g., equal or approximately equal numbers of one square cell size, two square cell sizes, four square cell sizes, and eight square cell sizes). Once the scores of the candidate layouts are identified, the candidate layout with the highest score is selected as the group of data items to be displayed to the user.

[0225] refer to Figure 9 The selected arrangement of a second plurality of data items can be displayed to the user on the electronic device 900. Specifically, candidate arrangements including displayable data items 902 can be displayed. Displayable data items 902 can include various data items associated with tasks and / or applications on the device 900. For example, displayable data items 902 can include data items 904 associated with a task of initiating a telephone call and / or data items 906 associated with a task of playing a specific song or album. Displayable data items 902 can also include data items 908 related to various applications on the device 900 (such as news applications, camera applications, email applications, and / or stock applications). In some examples, the user can configure the size of the displayable data items. For example, the user can configure a user preference that indicates a setting for the size of the displayable data items for eight square units, such that the predetermined display item size is predefined by the user.

[0226] Generally, input can be received from a third party for identifying and displaying data items. For example, the third party can provide the type associated with the data item. As an example, a user can download data items provided by a third party, such as data items associated with an application used for a food delivery service. The third party can designate data items associated with the food delivery service as data items providing "in-session" content. Additional parameters or other requirements can be associated with specific data items (such as "in-session" data items). For example, data items corresponding to the "in-session" data type can be associated with increased confidence when historical updates to such data items are provided frequently. Specifically, when a user uses a food delivery service application, the user can submit a food order for delivery to a specific address. Once the order is submitted, order updates can be provided to the food delivery service application from a third party. Order updates can be provided periodically, such as every 10 seconds, every 30 seconds, every minute, every two minutes, etc. For "in-session" type data items, the confidence value associated with the data item can increase when the historical update frequency is higher than a threshold frequency. In this example, the confidence value associated with the food delivery service application can increase when updates are provided from a third party at least once every 30 seconds.

[0227] In some examples, a third party may designate a data item as "Recommended Content." For instance, a data item corresponding to a news application may be associated with the "Recommended Content" type. Specifically, a data item for a news application may include a sufficient display size (e.g., four or eight square cells) to display a "Breaking News" headline and a brief description of the news. Based on the determination that the identified data item type corresponds to the "Recommended Content" type, a viewing time corresponding to that data item is determined. Specifically, user activity instructing a user to view a data item containing news information can increase the confidence value associated with that data item. For example, a user might be providing user input to scroll through groups of displayed data items. The user can navigate to a news application data item and "pause" for a sufficient amount of time while displaying a news headline, and then continue scrolling through the group of data items. In this example, the confidence value associated with the news application data item can be increased based on user activity consistent with the user pausing to view content from the news application.

[0228] Additional user activity associated with "Recommended Content" type data items can lead to an increase in confidence values. For example, if a user provides user input corresponding to a news app data item (e.g., user input on or near the data item), the corresponding news app can be invoked. The news app can also navigate to a specific news article displayed via the news app data item before receiving user input. In response to receiving user input indicating that the user is interested in the news app and / or the news article, the news app's confidence value increases.

[0229] In some examples, contextual information corresponding to multiple users can be obtained based on the detection location of the electronic device. One or more data items can be identified based on this contextual information. Data items associated with a carpooling application can correspond to carpooling companies. A carpooling company may operate in a first area but not in a second area. Therefore, contextual information corresponding to a first plurality of users in the first area can indicate that the carpooling application is frequently used among the first plurality of users when the user is located in the first area. Contextual information corresponding to a second plurality of users in the second area can indicate that the carpooling application is not used among the second plurality of users when the user is located in the second area. In this example, the confidence value associated with the carpooling application can increase when the detection location of the electronic device corresponds to the first area and decrease when the detection location of the electronic device corresponds to the second area.

[0230] return Figure 9 The user can provide input, including selections of displayed data items. For example, the user can provide input on or near a data item (such as data item 904) associated with a task. Thus, a task corresponding to an executable command, such as calling a contact named "John Appleseed," can be performed. In some examples, the confidence value associated with the corresponding data item 904 can be increased (e.g., user interaction with the data item may indicate a high probability of subsequent user interaction with the data item). In some examples, the user can provide input on or near a data item associated with a device application (such as data item 908 corresponding to a "stocks" application on an electronic device). Thus, the application corresponding to "stocks" can be invoked. In some examples, the confidence value associated with data item 908 of the stock application can be increased upon receiving user input.

[0231] Figures 10A to 10BProcess 1000 for providing relevant data items based on context is illustrated according to various examples. For example, process 1000 is performed using one or more electronic devices implementing a digital assistant. In some examples, process 1000 is performed using a client-server system (e.g., system 100), and the boxes of process 1000 are divided in any way between the server (e.g., DA server 106) and the client devices. In other examples, the boxes of process 1000 are divided between the server and multiple client devices (e.g., mobile phones and smartwatches). Therefore, although parts of process 1000 are described herein as being performed by a specific device of the client-server system, it should be understood that process 1000 is not limited thereto. In other examples, process 1000 is performed using only client devices (e.g., user device 104) or only multiple client devices. In process 1000, some boxes are optionally combined, the order of some boxes is optionally changed, and some boxes are optionally omitted. In some examples, additional steps may be performed in conjunction with process 1000.

[0232] At box 1002, multiple data items selected by the user are received. At box 1004, multiple confidence values ​​corresponding to the multiple data items are identified, where the confidence values ​​indicate the relevance of the corresponding data item to the current context information. In some examples, additional data items associated with a usage value are identified based on the determination that none of the multiple identified confidence values ​​exceeds a confidence threshold, and the additional data items are added to the multiple data items selected by the user based on the determination that the usage value does not exceed the usage threshold. At box 1006, the multiple data items can be sorted based on the multiple confidence values, where a first data item in the sorted multiple data items is associated with a first confidence value among the multiple confidence values, and a second data item in the sorted multiple data items is associated with a second confidence value among the multiple confidence values, where the first confidence value is higher than the second confidence value. Sort the multiple data items selected by the user based on their relevance to the current context information to provide improved feedback to the user by displaying the most relevant data items where appropriate. Providing users with improved feedback enhances device operability and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by reducing the amount of user input required to navigate to relevant data items). This, in turn, reduces power consumption and extends device battery life by enabling users to use the device more quickly and effectively.

[0233] At box 1008, a first data item is displayed, wherein user input corresponding to the first data item causes a second data item to be displayed instead of the first data item. In some examples, displaying the first data item includes: displaying a sorted group of multiple data items and displaying the first data item as an overlay on the sorted group of multiple data items. In some examples, user input corresponding to the first data item includes a contact movement in a first direction, wherein in response to receiving user input, the second data item is displayed instead of the first data item. In some examples, a second user input corresponding to the second data item is received, wherein the second user input includes a contact movement in a second direction opposite to the first direction, wherein in response to receiving the second user input, the first data item is displayed instead of the second data item. Allowing the user to navigate back and forth within the group of data items provides the user with additional control options without cluttering the user interface with additional display controls. Providing the user with additional control options enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient, which in turn reduces power consumption and extends the device's battery life by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and effectively.

[0234] In some examples, the displayed data item is associated with a device application. In some examples, user input is received, including a selection of the displayed data item, wherein a confidence value associated with the displayed data item is increased, and the device application associated with the displayed data item is invoked, wherein invoking the application includes replacing the display of the displayed data item with the invoked application. In some examples, the displayed data item is associated with an executable command. In some examples, user input is received, including a selection of the displayed data item, wherein a confidence value associated with the displayed data item is increased, and a task associated with the displayed data item is executed, wherein the task corresponds to an executable command.

[0235] At box 1010, updated contextual information associated with the electronic device is retrieved. In some examples, in response to retrieving the updated contextual information associated with the electronic device, additional data items associated with corresponding confidence values ​​are identified, and additional data items are added to multiple data items selected by the user based on determining that the corresponding confidence value exceeds a confidence threshold. In some examples, identifying additional data items associated with corresponding confidence values ​​includes: receiving input corresponding to at least one of the user's interaction history and mobile history of the electronic device; and identifying a prediction of the user's action as an additional data item based on the received input. In some examples, updates to multiple confidence values ​​are detected based on the updated contextual information, wherein the updated multiple confidence values ​​include a third confidence value associated with a third data item among a sorted multiple data items. In some examples, identifying additional data items associated with corresponding confidence values ​​includes: acquiring at least one of information associated with a device application and information from a remote source; and identifying a notification as an additional data item based on the acquired information. In some examples, identifying additional data items associated with corresponding confidence values ​​includes: obtaining a prediction of the device application based on current context information; and identifying the device application associated with that prediction as an additional data item. Adding additional data items to multiple data items selected by the user provides an improved system for displaying relevant data items by performing an action when a set of conditions are met without requiring further user input. Performing actions without requiring further user input enhances device operability and makes the user-device interface more efficient, which in turn reduces power consumption and extends device battery life by enabling users to use the device more quickly and effectively.

[0236] At box 1012, updates to multiple confidence values ​​are detected based on updated contextual information, wherein the updated multiple confidence values ​​include a third confidence value associated with a third data item among a sorted plurality of data items. In some examples, detecting updates to multiple confidence values ​​includes: identifying a corresponding confidence value associated with a corresponding data item, wherein the corresponding confidence value is at least partially based on the association between the corresponding data item and the location of an electronic device; detecting movement of the electronic device from a first location to a second location; and increasing the corresponding confidence value based on determining that the corresponding data item includes an association with the second location. In some examples, detecting updates to multiple confidence values ​​based on updated contextual information includes: identifying a corresponding confidence value associated with a corresponding data item, wherein the corresponding confidence value is at least partially based on the association between the corresponding data item and a calendar event; identifying a start time associated with the corresponding calendar event, wherein the start time is within a threshold time from the current time; and increasing the corresponding confidence value based on determining that the corresponding data item includes an association with the corresponding calendar event. In some examples, detecting updates to multiple confidence values ​​based on updated contextual information includes: identifying a corresponding confidence value associated with a corresponding data item, wherein the corresponding confidence value is at least partially based on the correlation between the corresponding data item and current information associated with the device application; receiving updated information corresponding to the device application; and adjusting the corresponding confidence value based on determining that the corresponding data item includes correlation with the updated information. In some examples, detecting updates to multiple confidence values ​​based on updated contextual information includes: identifying a corresponding confidence value associated with a corresponding data item, wherein the corresponding confidence value is based on at least one of user preferences and user interaction history; receiving updated information corresponding to at least one of user preferences and user interaction history; and adjusting the corresponding confidence value based on determining that the corresponding data item includes correlation with the updated information. Determining confidence based on multiple factors (e.g., location, event start time, updated application information, etc.) provides an improved system for displaying relevant data items by keeping data item grouping updated according to the device's context, and thus displaying relevant data to the user when the user interacts with the device. Performing these operations without requiring additional user input enhances device operability and makes the user-device interface more efficient. This, in turn, reduces power consumption and extends device battery life by enabling users to use the device more quickly and effectively.

[0237] At box 1014, it is determined whether a third confidence value is higher than a first confidence value. At box 1016, based on the determination that the third confidence value is higher than the first confidence value, the order of the sorted multiple data items is modified based on context information. In some examples, modifying the order of the sorted multiple data items based on context information includes: modifying the order value of the third data item, wherein the modified order value of the third data item corresponds to the highest order value of the sorted multiple data items; and modifying the order value of each data item in the multiple data items, wherein the modified order values ​​are arranged in descending order based on the descending order of the updated confidence values. In some examples, a fourth data item is associated with a second highest order value of the sorted multiple data items, wherein user input corresponding to the displayed third data item is received, wherein the user input corresponding to the displayed third data item includes contact movement in a first direction. In some examples, in response to receiving user input, the fourth data item is displayed as an alternative to the display of the third data item, and the order value of the fourth data item is modified, wherein the modified order value of the fourth data item corresponds to the highest order value of the sorted multiple data items.

[0238] The above reference Figures 10A to 10B The described operation is optionally determined by Figures 1 to 4 and Figures 6A to 6B The components described herein are used to implement the process. For example, the operation of process 1000 may be implemented by one or more of the following: operating system 226, communication module (or instruction set) 228, contact / motion module (or instruction set) 230, graphics module (or instruction set) 232, text input module (or instruction set) 234, global positioning system (GPS) module (or instruction set) 235, digital assistant client module 229, application program (or instruction set) 236, media service 120-1, processor 220, 410 and / or other components described herein. Those skilled in the art will clearly understand how to implement the process based on the components described herein. Figures 1 to 4 and Figures 6A to 6B The components depicted in the diagram are used to perform other processes.

[0239] Figure 11Process 1100 for providing relevant data items based on context is illustrated according to various examples. For example, process 1100 is performed using one or more electronic devices implementing a digital assistant. In some examples, process 1100 is performed using a client-server system (e.g., system 100), and the boxes of process 1100 are divided in any way between the server (e.g., DA server 106) and the client devices. In other examples, the boxes of process 1100 are divided between the server and multiple client devices (e.g., mobile phones and smartwatches). Therefore, although parts of process 1100 are described herein as being performed by a specific device of the client-server system, it should be understood that process 1100 is not limited thereto. In other examples, process 1100 is performed using only client devices (e.g., user device 104) or only multiple client devices. In process 1100, some boxes are optionally combined, the order of some boxes is optionally changed, and some boxes are optionally omitted. In some examples, additional steps may be performed in conjunction with process 1100.

[0240] At box 1102, a first plurality of data items are identified from a plurality of data models, wherein each of the plurality of data models is associated with a model confidence value, and each of the first plurality of data items was previously selected by the user. In some examples, a type associated with a corresponding data item is identified, wherein, based on determining that the identified type corresponds to a pre-determined type, a set of criteria associated with the pre-determined type is determined, and based on determining that the set of criteria is met, the confidence value associated with the corresponding data item is increased. In some examples, determining whether the set of criteria associated with the pre-determined type is met includes: based on determining that the identified type corresponds to a session type, obtaining parameters associated with historical updates to the corresponding data item; and based on determining that the obtained parameters meet an update threshold, increasing the confidence value associated with the corresponding data item. In some examples, determining whether the set of criteria associated with the pre-determined type is met includes: based on determining that the identified type corresponds to a recommendation type, identifying the amount of viewing time corresponding to the corresponding data item; and based on determining that the amount of viewing time meets a viewing time threshold, increasing the confidence value associated with the corresponding data item. In some examples, determining whether a set of criteria associated with a predefined type is met includes: receiving user input corresponding to the corresponding data item when displaying it; and increasing the confidence value associated with the corresponding data item based on the user input, based on the user input corresponding to the data item, since the identified type corresponds to the recommended type. Modifying the confidence value based on criteria associated with the predefined type of the data item provides improved feedback to the user by displaying relevant data items from third parties, provided that such data items meet certain display criteria. Providing improved feedback to the user enhances device operability and makes the user-device interface more efficient, which in turn reduces power consumption and extends device battery life by enabling users to use the device more quickly and effectively.

[0241] At box 1104, multiple item confidence values ​​are obtained based on a comparison of model confidence values, wherein each data item in the first plurality of data items is associated with an item confidence value in the plurality of item confidence values, and the plurality of item confidence values ​​indicate the relevance of the corresponding data item to the current context information. In some examples, obtaining multiple item confidence values ​​based on a comparison of model confidence values ​​includes: identifying a subset of the first plurality of data items, wherein the subset corresponds to multiple data items received from a first data model, the subset is associated with corresponding multiple item confidence values, and the data model is associated with the first model confidence value. In some examples, the weight of the corresponding multiple item confidence values ​​is increased based on determining that the first model confidence value exceeds a model confidence threshold, wherein the obtained multiple item confidence values ​​include weighted multiple item confidence values. Adjusting the weights associated with the data items based on the confidence corresponding to the relevant data model provides improved feedback to the user by providing additional factors for further refining the confidence values ​​corresponding to the data items. Providing users with improved feedback enhances device operability and makes the user-device interface more efficient. This, in turn, reduces power consumption and extends device battery life by enabling users to use the device more quickly and effectively.

[0242] At box 1106, a second plurality of data items are identified from a first plurality of data items, each data item in the second plurality of data items being associated with a project confidence value exceeding a predetermined threshold. In some examples, identifying the second plurality of data items from the first plurality of data items includes: identifying a first data item and a second data item from the first plurality of data items, wherein the first data item and the second data item are each associated with a project confidence value exceeding a predetermined threshold; determining a similarity score based on the first data item and the second data item; and, based on determining that the similarity score exceeds the similarity threshold, including the first data item in the identified second plurality of data items and omitting the inclusion of the second data item in the identified second plurality of data items, wherein the first data item is associated with a higher confidence score than the second data item. In some examples, identifying a second plurality of data items from a first plurality of data items includes: identifying a first data item within the first plurality of data items, wherein the first data item is associated with a confidence value exceeding a predetermined threshold; detecting a displayed power indication associated with a device application; determining a similarity score based on the first data item and the device application associated with the displayed power indication; and, if the similarity score is determined to exceed a similarity threshold, discarding the first data item from the identified second plurality of data items. Determining a similarity score based on data items provides improved feedback to the user by removing redundant or duplicate data items from the data item grouping. Providing improved feedback to the user enhances device operability and makes the user-device interface more efficient, which in turn reduces power consumption and extends device battery life by enabling users to use the device more quickly and effectively.

[0243] At box 1108, the display size of each data item in the second plurality of data items is identified. At box 1110, the arrangement of the second plurality of data items is selected based on the identified display sizes. In some examples, selecting the arrangement of the second plurality of data items includes: identifying a first subset of the second plurality of data items, wherein each data item in the first subset is associated with a first display size; identifying a second subset of the second plurality of data items, wherein each data item in the second subset is associated with a second display size; and weighting each data item in the first subset higher than weighting each data item in the second subset based on determining that the first display size is smaller than the second display size. In some examples, selecting a second plurality of data items arrangement includes: identifying a predetermined display item size; and selecting at least one data item from the second plurality of data items based on the predetermined display item size, wherein the selection includes: identifying a third subset of the second plurality of data items, wherein each data item in the third subset is associated with an item confidence value exceeding a second predetermined threshold; combining a plurality of display sizes corresponding to data items in the third subset of data items, wherein the combined display size is less than or equal to the predetermined display item size; and providing a plurality of corresponding data items as candidate arrangements, wherein the plurality of corresponding data items correspond to the combined plurality of display sizes. In some examples, the predetermined display item size is predefined by the user. In some examples, selecting a second plurality of data items arrangement includes: obtaining a plurality of candidate arrangements; identifying a score corresponding to each of the plurality of candidate arrangements; and selecting the candidate arrangement having the highest score among the identified scores. Determining candidate arrangements for data items reduces the number of inputs required to perform operations that optimize the display of one or more data items to the user at a time. Reducing the amount of input required to perform operations enhances device operability and makes the user-device interface more efficient, which in turn reduces power consumption and extends device battery life by enabling users to use the device more quickly and effectively.

[0244] At box 1112, the selected arrangement of the second plurality of data items is displayed. In some examples, a third plurality of data items exceeding a predetermined confidence value are identified, wherein the third plurality of data items were not previously selected by the user. In some examples, the display size of each data item in the third plurality of data items is identified, the arrangement of the second and third plurality of data items is selected based on the identified display size, and the selected arrangement of the second and third plurality of data items is displayed. In some examples, identifying the third plurality of data items exceeding a predetermined confidence value includes: receiving input corresponding to at least one of the user interaction history and mobile history of the electronic device; and identifying a prediction of user action as a data item in the third plurality of data items based on the received input. In some examples, identifying the third plurality of data items exceeding a predetermined confidence value includes: acquiring at least one of information associated with a device application and information from a remote source; and identifying a notification as a data item in the third plurality of data items based on the acquired information. In some examples, identifying the third plurality of data items exceeding a predetermined confidence value includes: acquiring a prediction of a device application based on current context information; and identifying the device application associated with the prediction as a data item in the third plurality of data items. In some examples, the location of the electronic device is detected, additional contextual information corresponding to multiple users is obtained based on that location, and a third plurality of data items are identified that are associated with the corresponding plurality of item confidence values, where the confidence values ​​of the corresponding plurality of items indicate the relevance of the third plurality of data items to the additional contextual information. An improved system is provided for determining confidence based on multiple factors (e.g., location, event start time, updated application information, etc.) to display relevant data items by keeping data item grouping updated according to the device's context, and thus displaying relevant data to the user when the user interacts with the device. Performing these operations without requiring additional user input enhances device operability and makes the user-device interface more efficient, which in turn reduces power consumption and extends device battery life by enabling users to use the device more quickly and effectively.

[0245] The above reference Figure 11 The described operation is optionally determined by Figures 1 to 4 and Figures 6A to 6BThe operation of process 1100 can be implemented by one or more of the following components: operating system 226, communication module (or instruction set) 228, contact / motion module (or instruction set) 230, graphics module (or instruction set) 232, text input module (or instruction set) 234, Global Positioning System (GPS) module (or instruction set) 235, digital assistant client module 229, application program (or instruction set) 236, media service 120-1, processor 220, 410 and / or other components described herein. Those skilled in the art will readily understand how to implement the process based on the components described herein. Figures 1 to 4 and Figures 6A to 6B The components depicted in the diagram are used to perform other processes.

[0246] According to some specific embodiments, a computer-readable storage medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium) is provided that stores one or more programs executable by one or more processors of an electronic device, the one or more programs including instructions for performing any of the methods or processes described herein.

[0247] According to some specific embodiments, an electronic device (e.g., a portable electronic device) is provided, which includes means for performing any of the methods and processes described herein.

[0248] According to some specific embodiments, an electronic device (e.g., a portable electronic device) is provided, the electronic device including a processing unit configured to perform any of the methods and processes described herein.

[0249] According to some specific embodiments, an electronic device (e.g., a portable electronic device) is provided, the electronic device including one or more processors and a memory storing one or more programs for execution by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for performing any of the methods and processes described herein.

[0250] For purposes of explanation, the foregoing description has been given by reference to specific embodiments. However, the illustrative discussion above is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible based on the teachings above. These embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of these techniques and their practical applications. Others skilled in the art will thus be able to best utilize these techniques and the various embodiments with various modifications suitable for the particular intended use.

[0251] While this disclosure and examples have been fully described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it should be noted that various changes and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art. It should be understood that such changes and modifications are considered to be included within the scope of this disclosure and examples as defined by the claims.

[0252] As described above, one aspect of this technology involves collecting and using data available from various sources to improve the delivery of relevant data items to users based on the current context. This disclosure anticipates that, in some instances, such collected data may include personal information that uniquely identifies or can be used to contact or locate specific individuals. Such personal information may include demographic data, location-based data, telephone numbers, email addresses, Twitter IDs, home addresses, data or records related to a user's health or fitness level (e.g., vital sign measurements, medication information, exercise information), date of birth, or any other identifying or personal information.

[0253] This disclosure recognizes that the use of such personal information data in the techniques of this invention can benefit users. For example, personal information data can be used to update confidence levels associated with data items selected by the user and / or additional data items not selected by the user. Furthermore, this disclosure also anticipates other uses of personal information data that are beneficial to users. For example, health and fitness data can be used to provide insights into a user's overall health status or as positive feedback for individuals using the technology to pursue health goals.

[0254] This disclosure assumes that entities responsible for collecting, analyzing, disclosing, transmitting, storing, or otherwise using such personal information data will comply with established privacy policies and / or privacy practices. Specifically, such entities should implement and adhere to privacy policies and practices that are generally recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or governmental requirements for maintaining the privacy and security of personal information data. Such policies should be easily accessible to users and should be updated as data collection and / or use change. Personal information from users should be collected for the entity's lawful and reasonable purposes and not shared or sold outside of these lawful uses. Furthermore, such collection / sharing should be conducted only after obtaining informed consent from users. In addition, such entities should consider taking any necessary steps to protect and safeguard access to such personal information data and ensure that others with access to such personal information data comply with their privacy policies and processes. Additionally, such entities may be subject to third-party evaluations to demonstrate their compliance with widely accepted privacy policies and practices. Furthermore, policies and practices should be adapted to the specific types of personal information data collected and / or accessed, and to applicable laws and standards, including specific considerations regarding jurisdiction. For example, in the United States, the collection or acquisition of certain health data may be governed by federal and / or state laws, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA); while in other countries, health data may be subject to other regulations and policies and should be handled accordingly. Therefore, different privacy practices should be maintained for different types of personal data in each country.

[0255] Regardless of the foregoing, this disclosure also anticipates implementation schemes for users to selectively block the use or access to personal information data. That is, this disclosure anticipates providing hardware and / or software components to prevent or block access to such personal information data. For example, when providing users with relevant data items, this technology can be configured to allow users to opt-in or opt-out during or at any time after registering for the service. In another example, users may choose not to provide personal information used to provide relevant data items, such as information associated with saved contact or calendar information. In addition to providing "opt-in" and "opt-out" options, this disclosure envisions providing notifications related to access to or use of personal information. For example, users may be notified when downloading an application that their personal information data will be accessed, and then reminded again just before the application accesses the personal information data.

[0256] Furthermore, the purpose of this disclosure is to manage and process personal information data to minimize the risk of unintentional or unauthorized access or use. Once data is no longer needed, this risk can be minimized by limiting data collection and deleting data. Additionally, and where applicable, including in certain health-related applications, data deidentification can be used to protect user privacy. Where appropriate, deidentification can be facilitated by removing specific identifiers (e.g., date of birth, etc.), controlling the amount or characteristics of stored data (e.g., collecting location data at the city level rather than address level), controlling how data is stored (e.g., aggregating data among users), and / or other methods.

[0257] Therefore, while this disclosure broadly covers the use of personal information data to implement one or more of the various disclosed embodiments, it is also contemplated that various embodiments can be implemented without access to such personal information data. That is, various embodiments of the present invention will not be rendered inoperable due to the absence of all or part of such personal information data. For example, preferences can be inferred based on non-personal information data or an absolute minimum amount of personal information (such as content requested by a device associated with a user, other non-personal information that can be used to provide the relevant data items, or publicly available information), thereby selecting data items and providing them to the user.

Claims

1. A computer-implemented method, comprising: In electronic devices that have memory and one or more processors: Receive multiple data items selected by the user, wherein the multiple data items are associated with a ranking previously configured by the user; Identify multiple confidence values ​​corresponding to the plurality of data items, wherein the confidence values ​​are based on the ranking previously configured by the user; The first data item in the plurality of data items is displayed based on the plurality of confidence values; as well as Displaying a second data item from the plurality of data items based on updated context information, wherein displaying the second data item includes replacing the first data item with the second data item.

2. The method according to claim 1, comprising: Display the grouping of the multiple data items; as well as The first data item is displayed as an overlay on the group of the plurality of data items.

3. The method according to claim 1, comprising: Identify a corresponding confidence value associated with a corresponding data item among the plurality of data items, wherein the corresponding confidence value is based at least in part on the association between the corresponding data item and the location of the electronic device; Detect the movement of the electronic device from a first position to a second position; as well as Based on the determination that the corresponding data item includes a correlation with the second location, the corresponding confidence value is increased.

4. The method according to claim 1, comprising: Identify a corresponding confidence value associated with a corresponding data item among the plurality of data items, wherein the corresponding confidence value is based at least in part on the association between the corresponding data item and a calendar event; Identify the start time associated with the corresponding calendar event, wherein the start time is within a threshold time from the current time; as well as Based on the determination that the corresponding data item includes a correlation with the corresponding calendar event, the corresponding confidence value is increased.

5. The method according to claim 1, comprising: Identify a corresponding confidence value associated with a corresponding data item among the plurality of data items, wherein the corresponding confidence value is based at least in part on the correlation between the corresponding data item and current information associated with the device application; Receive update information corresponding to the device application; as well as The confidence level is adjusted based on the correlation between the corresponding data item and the updated information.

6. The method according to claim 1, comprising: Identify a corresponding confidence value associated with a corresponding data item among the plurality of data items, wherein the corresponding confidence value is based on at least one of user preferences and user interaction history; Receive update information corresponding to at least one of the user preferences and the user interaction history; as well as The confidence level is adjusted based on the correlation between the corresponding data item and the updated information.

7. The method according to claim 1, comprising: The order of the plurality of data items is modified based on the updated context information, wherein the modification further includes modifying the order value of each data item in the plurality of data items, and wherein the modified order values ​​are arranged in descending order based on the descending order of the plurality of confidence values.

8. The method according to claim 1, comprising: Before displaying the second data item, retrieve the updated context information; In response to retrieving the updated context information, additional data items associated with the corresponding confidence value are identified; as well as If the corresponding confidence value exceeds the confidence threshold, the additional data item is added to the plurality of data items.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein identifying additional data items associated with the corresponding confidence value comprises: Receive input corresponding to at least one of the user interaction history and mobile history of the electronic device; as well as The prediction of user actions based on the received input is included as the additional data item.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein identifying additional data items associated with the corresponding confidence value comprises: Obtain at least one of information associated with a device application and information from a remote source; as well as The notification is identified as an additional data item based on the information obtained.

11. The method of claim 8, wherein identifying additional data items associated with the corresponding confidence value comprises: To obtain predictions about the device application based on the current context information; as well as Identify the device application associated with the prediction as the additional data item.

12. The method according to claim 1, comprising: Based on the determination that none of the plurality of confidence values ​​exceed the confidence threshold, additional data items associated with the used value are identified; as well as Based on the determination that the usage value does not exceed the usage threshold, the additional data item is added to the plurality of data items.

13. The method according to claim 1, comprising: When displaying the first data item: Receive user input corresponding to the first data item, wherein the user input corresponding to the first data item includes contact movement in a first direction; In response to receiving the user input, the display of the second data item replaces the display of the first data item; Receive a second user input corresponding to the second data item, wherein the second user input includes a contact movement in a second direction opposite to the first direction; as well as In response to receiving the second user input, the display of the first data item replaces the display of the second data item.

14. The method of claim 1, comprising: Receive user input including selection of the displayed data items, wherein the displayed data items are associated with the device application; Increase the confidence value associated with the displayed data items; and Invoking the device application associated with the displayed data item, wherein invoking the application includes using the invoked application to replace the display of the displayed data item.

15. The method according to claim 1, comprising: Receive user input including selections of displayed data items, wherein the displayed data items are associated with executable commands; Increase the confidence value associated with the displayed data items; and Perform the task associated with the displayed data item, wherein the task corresponds to the executable command.

16. The method of claim 1, comprising: Receive a first user input associated with a first ranking of a first corresponding data item in the plurality of data items; Receive a second user input associated with a second ranking of a second corresponding data item in the plurality of data items, wherein the second ranking is lower than the first ranking; Based on the first ranking, identify the first confidence value of the first corresponding data item; as well as A second confidence value is identified based on the second ranking for the second corresponding data item, wherein the second confidence value is lower than the first confidence value.

17. The method of claim 1, comprising: Receive user input corresponding to a specific data item among the plurality of data items, wherein the user input includes a predetermined motion pattern; as well as In response to receiving the user input, the corresponding data item is removed from the plurality of data items.

18. The method of claim 1, comprising: Receive first user input associated with a first corresponding data item in the plurality of data items, wherein the first user input includes moving the first corresponding data item to a position below a second corresponding data item; and The first confidence value of the first corresponding data item is modified based on the first user input, wherein the modified first confidence value is lower than the confidence value associated with the second corresponding data item.

19. A computer-readable storage medium storing one or more programs, said one or more programs including instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of an electronic device, cause the electronic device to perform the method according to any one of claims 1-18.

20. An electronic device, comprising: One or more processors; Memory; and One or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for performing the method according to any one of claims 1-18.

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