Purification system and transport vehicle

Abstract

A purification system (1) for purifying exhaust gases S of an endo-thermic engine (100) comprising at least one exhaust pipe (2) for discharging the gases produced by the endo-thermic engine, cooling means (3) for cooling the exhaust gases passing through the exhaust pipe (2) so as to cause at least partially the condensation of the water vapour contained in the exhaust gases into water AC, and separation means (4) for separating the condensed water AC condensed along the exhaust pipe by the cooling means from the exhaust gases and for deviating it along an auxiliary pipe (10), the purification system being characterized in that it further comprises filtering means (5) arranged along the auxiliary pipe (10) downstream of the separation means (4) for filtering the condensed and separated water AC.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a system for purifying exhaust gases from heat-absorbing engines. In particular, this purification system is used in the motor vehicle field for heat-absorbing engines driven by both liquid and gaseous fuels or combustibles, namely, for two- and four-stroke turbocharged and atmospheric Otto and Diesel cycle engines with carburetors and direct and indirect injection. Background Technology

[0002] According to known technology, systems used for purifying exhaust gases from heat-absorbing engines cannot effectively purify the exhaust gases produced by the engine itself, thus releasing highly toxic gaseous and solid substances into the air. The most well-known purification systems are known by the acronyms DPF and FAP.

[0003] Diesel particulate filters (whether FAP or DPF type) that are inserted into the exhaust system and integrated with the catalyst or catalytic converter consist of a monolithic support based on porous silicon carbide. This allows for the reduction of emitted particulate matter particle size to less than one-thousandth, while taking into account smaller particles (<20 nm).

[0004] Diesel particulate filters should be considered true mechanical filters, consisting of a series of channels that trap particulate matter on the surface of the channels while exhaust gases pass through their porous walls.

[0005] Therefore, diesel particulate filters are true "mechanical traps," where powder is actually "captured." Consequently, because this "capture" channel becomes clogged with particles, these diesel particulate filters require periodic cleaning. This cleaning is called regeneration. Regeneration is a flame process that triggers the combustion of particles within the filter—a process of burning and reducing particle size. On average, this process occurs every 800 / 1000 kilometers, and in urban use, even less than 300 kilometers apart. Engineers basically use two types of particulate filter systems: FAP or DPF. These two types of filtration systems differ in their structure and operation. The main difference lies primarily in their different regeneration strategies.

[0006] The particulate filter system called FAP (Filtres à Particules) belongs to the type of filter that uses multiple additives based on cerium and / or iron oxides for regeneration, while the particulate filter system called DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter) does not use additives. However, during the regeneration process in both cases, i.e., during the combustion of particulate matter present in the filter, especially in the afterburner, the exhaust gas can reach and exceed 550°C.

[0007] Therefore, such known filtration systems are ineffective at purifying the gases themselves, thus releasing highly toxic gaseous and solid substances into the air. Even after combustion, the further reduction in particle size creates nanoparticles, which can easily reach the alveoli in the respiratory tract and eventually enter the bloodstream and all other internal organs of the individual breathing them. Furthermore, due to mixing with other gaseous pollutants, highly toxic water vapor (a source of acid rain) is released into the atmosphere. Other gaseous pollutants, for example and not limited to, include cerine (cerium oxide) or urea (diamidic acid). Cerine tends to lower the flash point of particulate matter, and urea is used in modern catalysts to suppress NOx in an attempt to address the problem of pollutants in the exhaust gases of Diesel and Otto cycle engines.

[0008] Furthermore, by activating the afterburning function of the exhaust gas, this anti-pollution device (FAP and / or DPF) significantly increases the operating temperature of the combustion chamber, thereby the exhaust gas and the entire exhaust line, reaching and exceeding 550°C at the afterburning device (FAP / DPF). This can lead to the device and the entire machine catching fire in some cases, and in any case, it necessarily increases the potential risk of fire of the system and the machine on which the device is installed.

[0009] Therefore, this known system has the following drawbacks: it makes particulate powder invisible and easily inhaled; it uses and evaporates chemicals in the environment; and it increases the operating temperature of the engine, exhaust pipes and the surrounding environment.

[0010] Known or similar technologies for other systems used for exhaust gas purification are known.

[0011] For example, Werner Lohberg's patent WO2019 / 196969 describes a catalytic converter for an internal combustion engine to recover energy from the combustion of fuel and air. The resulting combustion gases are conducted through the catalytic converter in a transport path along its fixed, high-temperature-resistant diffusion membrane, which in turn is adjacent to a gas recovery collector maintained at a lower pressure relative to the corresponding internal pressure of the catalytic converter. Any gases recovered and collected from the combustion gases are returned to the combustion chamber of the engine (M) to lower its operating temperature, thereby forming additional NOx. A swirl chamber is inserted in the transport path and adjacent to the diffusion membrane. Due to the obstruction of the combustion gases, the internal pressure of the catalytic converter is higher in the swirl chamber. Water is added to the combustion gases in the transport path upstream of the swirl chamber in a proportion related to the amount of fuel burned. The water is recovered by cooling the exhaust gases along the engine's exhaust pipe.

[0012] BRUNN GMBH's patent DE3002871 describes a method for purifying exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine, such as a diesel engine, by cooling the exhaust gases below their dew point, thereby separating solid particles contained in the exhaust gases and the resulting liquid. The apparatus for performing this method includes an exhaust pipe having a cooling surface connected to a cooling circuit of, for example, a cooler, and a liquid separator having an absorbent for further separation of solid particles.

[0013] The patent WO2020 / 049184 held by INSTRACTION GMBH relates to a device that purifies drinking water in more steps than heat-absorbing engine exhaust gases by incorporating purification technology into a module.

[0014] Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a system for purifying exhaust gases from heat-absorbing engines, which has minimal risk of use, particularly not involving the fire risk of the vehicle in which it is installed.

[0015] Another object of the present invention is to achieve a purification system that is more efficient than known purification systems, thereby reducing pollutants emitted by heat-absorbing engines and providing considerable benefits to human health.

[0016] Furthermore, the present invention aims to provide a purification system that can be easily applied to automobiles currently in circulation, thus eliminating the need to install it during the vehicle production process. Summary of the Invention

[0017] These and further objectives are achieved by means of a system for purifying exhaust gases from a heat-absorbing engine, comprising at least one pipe for discharging gases produced by the heat-absorbing engine, a cooling device, and means for separating condensate from the exhaust gases by the cooling device along the exhaust pipe and for deflecting it along an auxiliary pipe, the cooling device being used to cool the exhaust gases passing through the pipe such that at least partially the water vapor contained in the exhaust gases condenses into water at least in a region of the exhaust pipe, the system being characterized by further comprising a filtration device arranged downstream of the separation device along the auxiliary pipe for filtering the condensed and separated water.

[0018] This approach allows for the recovery of large quantities of polluting powders present in exhaust gases and CO and / or CO2 dissolved in water and retained in the water itself after separation by the separation device. The filtration device then completely purifies the condensed and separated water, thereby eliminating the polluting powders and dissolved gases remaining in the condensate after separation.

[0019] According to the invention, the purification system further includes an injection device for injecting purified water into the exhaust pipe, which is located upstream of the cooling device, wherein the injection device injects the purified water obtained from the injection device at the inlet of at least one region of the exhaust pipe.

[0020] This approach allows for the use of at least a portion of purified water to inject and subsequently atomize into the exhaust pipe, upstream of the area where the cooling unit operates. Due to the atomization of the purified water, the injection of fully purified water not only facilitates the cooling of the exhaust gas but also promotes the "capture" of inert particles (or polluting powders), such as CO and CO2, present in the exhaust gas and in gases soluble in water itself.

[0021] Furthermore, the cooling device includes a closed loop in which a refrigerant fluid, preferably but not limited to a mixture of R1234YF, circulates. The closed loop includes at least one first heat exchange section arranged in the region for exchanging heat with the exhaust pipe to directly or indirectly cause at least part of the condensation of water vapor contained in the exhaust gas.

[0022] Furthermore, the cooling device includes a compressor and a gas expansion valve along the closed loop, wherein the compressor is located downstream of the first heat exchange section, and the expansion valve is located upstream of the at least one first heat exchange section.

[0023] In addition, the separation device includes at least one centrifuge, preferably a conical type, and more preferably a two-stage type.

[0024] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the system includes one or more collection tanks for collecting condensed and separated water, which are functionally arranged downstream of the separation device along the auxiliary pipe, between the filtration device and the separation device for the condensed and separated water.

[0025] Furthermore, the filtration device for filtering the condensed and separated water includes at least one activated carbon filter and / or at least one filter containing cation exchange resin and / or at least one sedimentation filter.

[0026] This activated carbon filter and / or this cation-containing resin filter and / or this sediment filter can be replaced after the vehicle equipped with the purification system has traveled a predetermined number of kilometers. In practice, regular maintenance of the purification device can be provided simply by replacing the activated carbon filter and / or the cation-containing resin filter and / or the sediment filter.

[0027] Furthermore, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the injection device includes at least one connecting pipe for directly or indirectly connecting the filter device to the exhaust pipe, at least one injector disposed upstream of the region of the exhaust pipe, and at least one pump for supplying purified water to the at least one injector.

[0028] In addition, at least one collection tank is functionally arranged between the injection device and the filtration device for collecting the purified water used by the injection device from the filtration device.

[0029] According to the invention, the separation device is adapted to guide the exhaust gas, which is at least partially lacking the condensate, along the end section of the exhaust pipe. Advantageously, the system includes at least one filter device arranged downstream of the separation device along the end section of the exhaust pipe, the at least one filter device comprising at least one impregnated activated carbon filter and / or at least one absolute filter of HEPA type, preferably H14 type or higher.

[0030] Furthermore, the cooling device includes a condenser arranged along at least one second heat exchange section of the closed loop; the condenser includes an immersion radiator core, and the second heat exchange section passes through a sealed container containing a first refrigerant. Advantageously, the first refrigerant liquid comprises a mixture of water and ethylene glycol.

[0031] The present invention also provides a transport vehicle comprising a heat-absorbing engine, a system for purifying exhaust gases from the heat-absorbing engine, and a cooling system for cooling the heat-absorbing engine. Advantageously, the cooling system comprises a closed loop, a pump arranged along the closed loop for circulating a second refrigerant, and an immersion radiator core arranged in the sealed container.

[0032] The second refrigerant liquid advantageously comprises a mixture of water and ethylene glycol.

[0033] Furthermore, the transport vehicle includes a heat exchange system for cooling the refrigerant fluid and the second refrigerant liquid. The heat exchange system includes a closed loop in which the first refrigerant liquid circulates, a pump for circulating the first refrigerant liquid, a refrigeration device for the first refrigerant liquid, and the sealed container. Advantageously, the heat exchange system includes a section for heat exchange with the exhaust gas and with the first heat exchange section of the refrigeration device.

[0034] Preferably, the cooling device includes at least one Peltier cell.

[0035] Finally, the vehicle includes an air conditioning unit in the passenger cabin, and the cooling device of the purification system is functionally connected to the air conditioning unit. Attached Figure Description

[0036] These and more aspects of the invention will become clearer from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments provided herein by way of example only and not limitation, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a system for purifying exhaust gases according to the present invention, which operates in conjunction with a heat-absorbing engine of a transport vehicle. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a sealed container for the refrigerant fluid in a cooling device used to cool exhaust gases and the refrigerant liquid in a cooling device for a heat-absorbing engine. Detailed Implementation

[0037] With particular reference to these figures, 1 represents a system for purifying exhaust gases according to the present invention.

[0038] In a very simplified manner, some basic components present in the general transport vehicle 200 are shown. Figure 1 The term is used to understand the proposed scheme in this patent application. The transport vehicle 200 can be road or special type, registered and / or in circulation, and of any size and type. By way of example, and not limitation, the vehicle 200 can also be used for rail transport and / or in any way for any vehicle using an endothermic engine.

[0039] The vehicle 200 includes a Diesel cycle type heat-absorbing engine 100 and a purification system 1 for exhaust gases (or tail gas) from the heat-absorbing engine 100.

[0040] It should be noted that Otto-type heat-absorbing engines will fall within the scope of protection of this invention in any case.

[0041] The purification system 1 for the exhaust gas S of the heat-absorbing engine 100 includes a pipe 2 for discharging the gas generated by the heat-absorbing engine 100, a device 3 for cooling the exhaust gas S passing through the pipe 2 such that water vapor contained in the exhaust gas is at least partially condensed into condensate AC in a region 21 of the exhaust pipe 2, and a device 4 for separating the condensate AC condensed by the cooling device 3 along the exhaust pipe 2 from the exhaust gas S and for deflecting it along the auxiliary pipe 10.

[0042] The purification system 1 also includes a filter device 5, which is arranged downstream of the separation device 4 along the auxiliary pipe 10, for filtering the condensed and separated water AC.

[0043] In this case, the separation device 4 includes a two-stage centrifuge 50 of the conical (conical) type. In another embodiment not shown herein, such a separation device may include a single-stage centrifuge of the conical type or a single-stage centrifuge of the non-conical type, both of which fall within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0044] Therefore, this scheme allows for the filtration of impurities from the water present in the exhaust gas S of the internal combustion engine 100. More precisely, the purified water AD recovered through the re-recovery effect of water vapor present in the exhaust gas S is centrifuged in a conical two-stage centrifuge, thus forcing all polluting particles to mix with the water itself. This mixing causes an increase in the weight and volume of all solid particles and an increase in the dissolution of gaseous particles, thus eliminating the possibility of reintroducing them into the air. These inert particles are then suppressed by the filtration device 5, resulting in completely purified water AD.

[0045] Furthermore, the purification system 1 includes a device 30 for injecting purified water AD into the exhaust pipe 2 from the filter device 5. This injection device 30 is capable of injecting and thus atomizing the purified water AD at the aforementioned region 21 of the exhaust pipe 2. In particular, the injection device injects the purified water AD upstream of region 21 of the exhaust pipe 2.

[0046] Therefore, this scheme allows for the filtration of impurities from water present in the exhaust gas S of the internal combustion engine 100, and once purified, it can be used to capture additional impurities present in the polluting exhaust gas S. More precisely, the purified water AD recovered through the conversion effect of water vapor is mixed with the exhaust gas S and centrifuged in a two-stage conical centrifuge, thus forcing all polluting particles to mix with the water itself. Furthermore, the injection of water also facilitates the cooling of the exhaust gas due to the atomization of the purified water, and is beneficial for “capturing” gaseous and / or inert particles (or polluting powder) present in the exhaust gas.

[0047] According to the embodiments described herein, the cooling device 3 includes a closed loop 40 in which a refrigerant fluid, such as an R1234YF mixture, circulates. In another embodiment, this refrigerant fluid may differ from the R1234YF mixture without departing from the scope of the invention. The closed loop 40 includes a first heat exchange section 41 for exchanging heat with the exhaust pipe 2 located in region 21 of the exhaust pipe 2, such that at least partially condensation of water vapor present in the exhaust gas S is caused. This heat exchange section may be in direct or indirect contact with the exhaust gas S. In practice, the heat exchange section 41 may include multiple tubes in which the refrigerant fluid flows. In the embodiments described herein, each tube does not directly contact the exhaust gas but cools another carrier liquid along the heat exchange section 41, which in turn causes cooling of the exhaust gas passing through region 21 of the exhaust pipe 2. In another embodiment of the invention, such tubes of the first heat exchange section 41 may also be in direct contact with the exhaust gas S.

[0048] In addition, the cooling device 3 includes a compressor 42 and a gas expansion valve 43 along the closed loop 40, wherein the compressor 42 is located downstream of the heat exchange section 41, and the expansion valve 43 is located upstream of the heat exchange section 41.

[0049] like Figure 1 As shown, the purification system 1 includes two collection tanks 60 for collecting condensed and separated water AC, which are functionally arranged along an auxiliary pipe 10 between the condensate separator 4 and the filter 5. These collection tanks 60 are located in the initial section of the auxiliary pipe 10.

[0050] In this case, the number of collection tanks 60 for condensed and centrifuged water depends on the fact that there is at least one two-stage centrifuge 50. In another embodiment, the number of collection tanks 60 for condensed water can also be a single unit number without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0051] According to the embodiments described herein, the filtration device 5 for filtering and separating condensed water includes an activated carbon filter, a filter containing cation exchange resin, and / or a sedimentation filter. This filter can be replaced after exceeding a predetermined mileage for a vehicle or the operating hours of the machine on which the purification system 1 is installed.

[0052] It should be noted that although the filtration device 5 described herein includes at least one activated carbon filter, at least one filter containing cation exchange resin, and at least one sedimentation filter, in other embodiments, the filtration device 5 may in any way include only one activated carbon filter, or only one cation exchange resin filter, or only one sedimentation filter, or only a combination of two such filters, without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0053] according to Figure 1 In the embodiment shown, the injection device 30 includes a connecting pipe 31, an injector 33, and a pump 32. The connecting pipe 31 is used to connect the filter device 5 directly or indirectly to the exhaust pipe 2. The injector 33 is arranged upstream of the region 21 of the exhaust pipe 2, that is, upstream of the first heat exchange section 41 of the cooling device 3. The pump 32 is used to supply purified water AD to the injector 33.

[0054] According to the embodiment shown, a collection tank 15 is included between the injection device 30 and the filter device 5, which is used to collect purified water AD from the filter device 5 and for use by the injection device 30.

[0055] The injection of purified water AD and its subsequent atomization allow for the pre-cooling of exhaust gas 41, and at least in the initial stage, simultaneously capture a portion of the fine inert and polluting powder contained in the exhaust gas S, as well as a portion of water-soluble gases, such as CO2 and CO.

[0056] Excess purified water AD present in collection container 15 can be eliminated through an outlet port (not shown herein) that can be opened when the purified water AD in container 15 exceeds a predetermined level, as may occur with condensation in an air conditioning system.

[0057] Always Figure 1 As shown, the separation device 4 is adapted to guide exhaust gas S, which is at least partially lacking / removed from condensate AC, along the terminal section 2a of the exhaust pipe 2. Furthermore, the system 1 includes a filtration device 80, which further comprises an impregnated activated carbon filter and a HEPA H14 type or higher absolute filter, arranged in series along the terminal section 2a of the exhaust pipe 2, downstream of the separation device 4. In another embodiment, the filtration device 80 may also comprise only an impregnated activated carbon filter or similarly only a HEPA H14 type or higher absolute filter without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0058] It should be noted that the HEPA filter and activated carbon filter can be positioned along the end section 2a of the exhaust pipe 2 because the exhaust gas S reaches this section 2a at a temperature below 60°C, that is, at a temperature not greater than that the filter can withstand.

[0059] According to the embodiments described herein, the cooling device 3 also includes a condenser 85 arranged along at least one second heat exchange section 86 of the closed loop 40. This condenser 85 includes a first immersion radiator core, while the second section 86 passes through a sealed container 120 containing a first refrigerant liquid. Therefore, the condenser 85 is immersed within the container 120. This first refrigerant fluid includes water and ethylene glycol.

[0060] Figure 2The diagram shows the condenser 85 and the second heat exchange section 86 of the cooling device 3, both immersed in the sealed container 120. This second heat exchange section 86 can be seen passing through the container 120 and includes an inlet section 86a and an outlet section 86b. The refrigerant fluid circulating in the loop 40 is driven into section 86a by the compressor 42, and then, once condensed, exits from section 86b to reach the expansion valve 43, and subsequently to the evaporator 41, i.e., the first heat exchange section.

[0061] The present invention also relates to a vehicle 200, which, in addition to including a heat-absorbing engine 100 and a system 1 for purifying exhaust gases 1 from the heat-absorbing engine 100 as described above, includes a cooling system 101 for the heat-absorbing engine 100. This cooling system 101 includes a closed loop C, a pump 102, and an immersion radiator core 103. The pump 102 is arranged along the closed loop C for circulating a second refrigerant liquid, such as water and ethylene glycol, or other refrigerant liquids in another embodiment. The radiator core 103 is arranged by immersion within a sealed container 120.

[0062] Still Figure 2 The image shows a radiator core 103 arranged within a sealed container 120. It can be seen how this radiator core 103 has an inlet section 103a for the refrigerant fluid (in...). Figure 1 The outlet section 103b is visible in the diagram. The refrigerant fluid circulating in the circuit C is driven by pump 102 to enter from section 103a and then exit from outlet section 103b to reach the combustion engine 100 and cool it.

[0063] Always Figure 1 and 2As shown, vehicle 200 also includes a heat exchange system for cooling a refrigerant fluid and a second refrigerant liquid. This heat exchange system includes a closed loop 300 in which the first refrigerant liquid circulates, a circulation pump 301 for the first refrigerant liquid, a cooling device 302 for the first refrigerant liquid, and the aforementioned sealed container 120, within which both the first radiator core 86 and the second radiator core 103 are located. The sealed container 120 has an inlet section 120a and an outlet section 120b for the first refrigerant liquid, along with a cover 120c for inspecting and filling the closed loop 300. Circulation within the closed loop 300 is continuous, and cooling of this fluid is ensured by the cooling device 3, and further ensured by the cooling device 302 in cases of excessively high ambient temperatures, significantly increasing the system's cooling capacity. The heat exchange system also includes a section 303 for heat exchange with exhaust gas S and with the first heat exchange section 41 of the cooling device 3. Specifically, as described above, each of the multiple tubes in the first heat exchange section 41 is contained within a heat exchange portion 303, which is preferably cylindrical and filled with this first refrigerant liquid. This cylindrical section is traversed by multiple tubes through which exhaust gas S flows, and its dimensions are substantially the same as those of region 21 of the exhaust pipe 2. Specifically, these tubes through which exhaust gas S flows are immersed in the first refrigerant liquid, which is then cooled by means of the first section 41 of the cooling device 3.

[0064] It should be noted that although both the first and second refrigerant liquids have so far comprised a mixture of water and ethylene glycol, the refrigerant liquids may be different for the other one or two refrigerant liquids in other embodiments, without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0065] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, a refrigeration device 302 for cooling a heat exchange system of a first refrigerant liquid and a refrigerant fluid includes a plurality of Peltier units.

[0066] This Peltier monomer primarily operates during the warmer seasons, when increased cooling of region 21 of the exhaust pipe 2 is required. In practice, cooling of region 21 of the exhaust pipe 2 is typically achieved by means of the compressor 42 of the cooling device 3 as the refrigerant fluid passes through the first heat exchange section 41 of the closed loop 40.

[0067] It should be noted that in the embodiments described herein, the refrigeration device 302 connects the sealed container 120 to a portion 303 for heat exchange with the exhaust gas S and with the first heat exchange section 41 of the refrigeration device 3 in one of the two branches of the loop 300. However, in another embodiment, the refrigeration device, i.e., one or more Peltier units, may also be arranged on both branches of the closed loop 300 or on the other branch of the closed loop 300 without departing from the scope of protection of the invention.

[0068] Finally, the vehicle 200 also includes an air conditioning unit located within the passenger compartment of the vehicle itself. Advantageously, the cooling unit 3 of the purification system 1 is functionally connected to the air conditioning unit.

[0069] The vehicle also includes a series of temperature sensors 140 and level sensors 141, which are adapted to ensure the perfect operation of both the purification system 1 and the vehicle 200.

[0070] Finally, it should be noted that the vehicle 200 includes a control unit (not shown here) that, depending on signals from the aforementioned sensors 140 and 141, allows for changes in the speed of the compressor 42 and / or pumps 102 and 301 and thus the flow rates of the refrigerant fluid and the first and second refrigerant liquids, such that the temperature of the exhaust gas at the outlet of region 41 of the exhaust pipe 2 remains constant, or fluctuates within a predetermined temperature range in any case, while simultaneously ensuring proper cooling of the heat-absorbing engine 100.

Claims

1. A purification system (1) for purifying exhaust gas S of a heat-absorbing engine (100), the purification system comprising at least one exhaust pipe (2), a cooling device (3), and a separation device (4), the exhaust pipe (2) for discharging gas generated by the heat-absorbing engine, the cooling device (3) for cooling the exhaust gas passing through the exhaust pipe (2) such that water vapor contained in the exhaust gas is at least partially condensed into water AC at at least one region (21) of the exhaust pipe (2), the separation device (4) for separating the condensed water AC condensed by the cooling device along the exhaust pipe (2) from the exhaust gas and for deflecting the condensed water along an auxiliary pipe (10), the purification system being characterized in that it further comprises a filter device (5) arranged downstream of the separation device (4) along the auxiliary pipe (10) for filtering the condensed and separated water AC, characterized in that, The cooling device (3) includes a closed loop (40) in which a refrigerant fluid circulates, the closed loop including at least one first heat exchange section (41) arranged in the region (21) of the exhaust pipe for exchanging heat with the exhaust pipe (2).

2. The purification system (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, Includes an injection device (30) for injecting purified water AD into the exhaust pipe (2), the injection device injecting the purified water from the filter device upstream of the region (21) of the exhaust pipe (2).

3. The purification system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cooling device (3) includes a compressor (42) and a gas expansion valve (43) along the closed loop (40), wherein the compressor is downstream of the at least one first heat exchange section (41) and the expansion valve is upstream of the at least one first heat exchange section (41).

4. The purification system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The separation device (4) includes at least one centrifuge (50).

5. The purification system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The centrifuge (50) is conical in shape.

6. The purification system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The centrifuge (50) is of a two-stage type.

7. The purification system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Includes one or more collection tanks (60) for collecting the condensed and separated water AC, the one or more collection tanks (60) being functionally arranged downstream of the separation device (4) along the auxiliary pipe (10), between the filtration device (5) of the condensed and separated water and the separation device (4).

8. The purification system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The filtration device (5) for filtering the condensed and separated water includes at least one activated carbon filter and / or at least one filter containing cation exchange resin and / or at least one sedimentation filter.

9. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The injection device (30) includes at least one connecting pipe (31) for directly or indirectly connecting the filter device (5) to the exhaust pipe (2), at least one injector (33) arranged upstream of the region (21) of the exhaust pipe (2), and at least one pump (32) for supplying purified water AD to the at least one injector (33).

10. The purification system according to claim 2, characterized in that, Functionally, at least one collection tank (15) is arranged between the injection device (30) and the filter device (5) for collecting the purified water AD used by the injection device from the filter device.

11. The purification system according to claim 9, characterized in that, Functionally, at least one collection tank (15) is arranged between the injection device (30) and the filter device (5) for collecting the purified water AD used by the injection device from the filter device.

12. The purification system according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, The separation device (4) is adapted to guide the exhaust gas S, which is at least partially lacking the condensed water AC, along the end section (2a) of the exhaust pipe (2), and it includes a filtration device (80) comprising at least one impregnated activated carbon filter and / or at least one HEPA-type absolute filter arranged downstream of the separation device (4) along the end section (2a) of the exhaust pipe.

13. The purification system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cooling device (3) further includes a condenser (85) arranged along at least one second heat exchange section (86) of the closed loop (40), the condenser (85) including an immersion radiator core and passing through a sealed container (120) containing a first refrigerant liquid.

14. The purification system according to claim 12, characterized in that, The cooling device (3) further includes a condenser (85) arranged along at least one second heat exchange section (86) of the closed loop (40), the condenser (85) including an immersion radiator core and passing through a sealed container (120) containing a first refrigerant liquid.

15. The purification system according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that, The first refrigerant liquid comprises a mixture of water and ethylene glycol.

16. A transport vehicle (200) comprising a heat-absorbing engine (100), a purification system (1) for purifying exhaust gas S of the heat-absorbing engine (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 15, and a cooling system (101) for cooling the heat-absorbing engine, the cooling system (101) comprising a closed loop C, a pump (102) arranged along the closed loop C for circulating a second refrigerant, and an immersion radiator core (103) arranged in a sealed container (120).

17. The transport vehicle according to claim 16, characterized in that, The system includes a heat exchange system for cooling the refrigerant fluid and the second refrigerant liquid, the heat exchange system including a closed loop (300) in which the first refrigerant liquid circulates, a circulation pump (301) for circulating the first refrigerant liquid, a cooling device (302) for the first refrigerant liquid and the sealed container (120), the heat exchange system including a section (303) for exchanging heat with the exhaust gas and with at least one first heat exchange section (41) of the cooling device.

18. The transport vehicle according to claim 17, characterized in that, The refrigeration device (302) includes at least one Peltier unit.

19. The transport vehicle according to any one of claims 16 to 18, characterized in that, The air conditioning unit included in the cabin, wherein the cooling unit (3) of the purification system (1) is functionally connected to the air conditioning unit.

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