Construction method of counterforce pedestal
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202211300250.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2022-10-24
- Publication Date
- 2026-09-15
- Estimated Expiration
- 2042-10-24
AI Technical Summary
而当前的反力台座施工方法周期长、精度偏差大、返工次数多
[0037] The advantages and positive effects of this invention are:
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Figure CN115522675B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of construction technology for three-dimensional reaction structure laboratories, and particularly to a construction method for a reaction platform. Background Technology
[0002] With the continuous emergence of new structural theories and calculation methods, many complex structures require structural testing for verification, highlighting the increasing importance of structural testing. Structural laboratories are indispensable hardware platforms for scientific experiments in the field of civil engineering. Among them, the three-dimensional reaction structure laboratory is an essential equipment platform for conducting quasi-static and quasi-dynamic tests on large, full-scale structures and components. It includes reaction walls and reaction platforms, and is a large three-dimensional structure with numerous internal reinforcements, prestressed steel strands, and embedded parts. It belongs to a large, uncommon prestressed concrete special structure with complex stress conditions.
[0003] Reaction platforms provide vertical reaction forces. They are large in size, have numerous openings, and need to withstand significant static and dynamic loads. Many internal components require precise positioning to ensure the accurate placement and installation of relevant instruments and equipment during use. Due to the high precision requirements for the positioning of embedded parts and loading holes on the platform, multiple technical measures are needed during construction to ensure accurate placement and meet the needs of structural testing. Therefore, reaction platforms have high precision requirements and strict error control. Current construction methods for reaction platforms are time-consuming, have large precision deviations, and involve numerous rework operations. Summary of the Invention
[0004] This invention provides a construction method for a reaction platform to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art. The method is simple to construct, efficient, has small accuracy deviation, and requires fewer rework operations.
[0005] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art is: a construction method for a reaction platform, comprising the following steps:
[0006] 1) After the construction of the basement foundation, floor slab, exterior walls and partition walls is completed, mark the projection lines of the loading holes on the basement floor slab;
[0007] 2) Based on the elevation of the reaction platform template, lower the scaffolding support system by 10mm. According to the markings in step 1), reserve the erection space for the independent support of the loading hole below the design position of the loading hole, and pre-place the members of the independent support of the loading hole in the corresponding erection space when erecting the scaffolding support system.
[0008] 3) Install the reaction platform template;
[0009] 4) Mark the loading hole positions on the template, and then drill the positioning connection holes corresponding to the auxiliary positioning holes on the loading hole flange;
[0010] 5) Tie the lower layer of reinforcement bars of the reaction platform, and reserve the position of the loading hole flange according to the markings in step 4);
[0011] 6) According to the design position, the loading hole module is hoisted onto the reaction platform template, and one loading hole module is set on the top of each compartment; the loading hole module adopts a factory prefabricated structure, and multiple vertically arranged loading holes are installed on a bracket, and a module connection plate is provided on the bracket;
[0012] 7) Adjust the position of the loading hole modules, first adjusting the planar position, then the height and level, adjusting them one by one. Using adjacent adjusted modules as a reference, adjust the planar position using the four-hole clamping plate, and adjust the height and level using the independent supports of the loading holes.
[0013] The four-hole clamping plate adopts a square structure, with a clamping hole at each of the four corners according to the design position of the loading hole. The four clamping holes match the outer circle of the flange of the four adjacent loading holes.
[0014] The independent support for the loading hole is set in the space of the independent support for the loading hole, and is provided with a support pole connected to the scaffolding support system. The support pole is provided with a leveling and height adjustment mechanism, which is connected to the support plate through a steel ball. The support plate is set under the template and is connected to the auxiliary positioning hole on the loading hole flange by bolts, and the bolts pass through the corresponding positioning connection holes.
[0015] 8) Adjust the scaffolding support upward by 10mm and make it fit with the formwork to realize the force conversion from independent support of loading holes to the formwork support system. Connect the independent support of loading holes with the scaffolding support system to form a reaction platform formwork support system.
[0016] 9) The loading hole modules are connected together using through-wall connectors and connecting bolts. The through-wall connector has a web plate, and a connecting upright plate is provided at each end of the web plate. The connecting upright plate is mated with the module connecting plate, and there is an installation gap between them. The connecting bolts are used for connection. A positioning adjustment shim is provided between the connecting upright plate and the module connecting plate and is locked on the connecting bolt.
[0017] 10) Check the elevation and flatness of the loading hole modules. After confirming that they meet the design requirements, weld the connecting plate to the module connecting plate to make all the loading hole modules a whole.
[0018] 11) Tie the upper layer of reinforcement bars on the reaction platform, install the loading hole cover plate and fix it;
[0019] 12) Pour concrete.
[0020] The steps in step 7) are as follows:
[0021] 7.1) Select the middle row of loading hole modules in the width direction;
[0022] 7.2) Adjust the planar position of the first loading hole module in step 7.1) by drawing horizontal and vertical center lines of the loading hole above the loading hole module according to the design position, and adjusting the planar position of the first loading hole module according to the horizontal and vertical center lines and the markings in step 4).
[0023] 7.3) Install independent load hole supports below each load hole of the first load hole module, within the scaffolding support system;
[0024] 7.4) Use the leveling and height adjustment mechanism to adjust the height and level of the loading hole module;
[0025] 7.5) Use the four-hole clamping plate to adjust the planar position of the second loading hole module in step 7.1).
[0026] 7.6) Repeat steps 7.3) to 7.4) to complete the height and level adjustment of the second loading hole module.
[0027] 7.7) Repeat steps 7.5) to 7.6) multiple times until all loading hole modules in step 7.1) have been adjusted.
[0028] 7.8) Using the row of loading hole modules adjusted in step 7.7) as a reference, repeat steps 7.5) to 7.6) multiple times to adjust the loading hole modules on both sides until all loading hole modules have been adjusted.
[0029] In step 6), the loading hole body is made of seamless steel pipe. Two support and limiting ring grooves are symmetrically machined on the outside of the loading hole body. Positioning tongue and groove and flanges that are interference fit with the positioning tongue and groove are provided at both ends of the loading hole body. The flanges are welded to the loading hole body.
[0030] A stainless steel panel is provided on the outer end face of the flange.
[0031] In step 7), the leveling and height adjustment mechanism includes a vertically arranged lead screw and an adjusting nut connected thereto. The lead screw passes through a vertical support sleeve and is inserted into the support column. The vertical support sleeve is fastened to the top of the support column and fixed with a top screw. The top of the lead screw is connected to the support plate through a steel ball. The lower part of the steel ball is fitted into the top of the lead screw, and the upper part is fitted into the limiting hole under the support plate.
[0032] In step 9), the positioning adjustment shims include various types with different thicknesses, adopt a Y-shaped structure, and are equipped with a bayonet and handle adapted to the connecting bolts.
[0033] In step 7), the lower part of the limiting hole is a tapered hole that is larger at the bottom and smaller at the top, and the upper part is a straight hole that connects with the tapered hole.
[0034] In step 7), the lead screw is a fine-tooth lead screw.
[0035] In step 7), an anti-rotation handle insertion hole is provided on the lead screw.
[0036] In step 9), the web is made of steel plate.
[0037] The advantages and positive effects of this invention are:
[0038] 1) Modular embedded parts: The loading hole installation modules are manufactured using advanced processing technology in the factory. The loading holes are integrated into the modules, which has high manufacturing precision and can improve the installation accuracy and construction efficiency of subsequent on-site assembly. The loading holes adopt a machining assembly and welding fixing structure with high precision. Flanges with auxiliary positioning holes are used, which makes construction positioning simple.
[0039] 2) Refined formwork support: By employing independent supports with loading holes, the loading holes are individually adjustable and meet the installation accuracy requirements of the loading hole modules. Furthermore, this forms an integrated reaction platform support system with the formwork scaffolding support, providing a large load capacity, uniform stress distribution, and meeting construction requirements for anti-overturning performance, safety, and stability. A leveling and height adjustment mechanism with independent support uprights is added below the loading holes within the scaffolding support system. All independent support uprights are connected to the scaffolding support system as a whole. The leveling and height adjustment mechanism uses ball joints connected to limit holes on the support plate, utilizing multi-point support to adjust the height and level of the formwork. This is simple to operate and highly accurate. The limit holes prevent mutual misalignment and ensure adjustment accuracy. The limit holes are tapered holes for easy machining. The lead screws are fine-threaded, providing high stability, robustness, and adjustment accuracy, allowing for fine-tuning and precise adjustment of the formwork height and level, thus improving the installation accuracy of the loading holes. Furthermore, the template support system has a simple structure and reasonable layout, making it easy to apply on-site with minimal safety hazards. The height is adjusted using a screw drive mechanism, which is easy to operate and can improve the installation efficiency and accuracy of the template, meeting the installation accuracy requirements of the loading holes.
[0040] 3) Standardized assembly and connection: A four-hole positioning plate is used. Using the adjusted module as a reference, the four-hole positioning plate replaces the single-hole multi-point vernier caliper for positioning, simplifying operation, increasing efficiency, and ensuring the positional accuracy of the loading holes. Furthermore, the plate is inexpensive, highly accurate, and easy to use. Through-wall connectors are used, placing the connection point on the outside of the partition wall, eliminating interference from reinforcing steel and facilitating construction. Compared to connecting the connection point at the center of the partition wall, this effectively avoids reinforcing steel, does not damage the design structure, and ensures good structural safety. Y-type positioning and adjusting shims are used to limit the connection structure, eliminating cumulative installation errors and improving installation accuracy. A double-fixing structure of bolting followed by welding ensures high bolting accuracy and strong, non-deformable welding, resulting in high installation precision for the assembled loading holes.
[0041] In summary, the present invention is simple to construct, efficient, has small accuracy deviation, requires fewer rework sessions, and facilitates ensuring construction quality. Attached Figure Description
[0042] Figure 1 This is a construction flowchart for the application of the present invention;
[0043] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the reaction platform template support system in this invention;
[0044] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A rotated enlarged view of part A;
[0045] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the independent support in this invention;
[0046] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the support plate in this invention;
[0047] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Top view;
[0048] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the loading hole structure in this invention;
[0049] Figure 8 This is a planar schematic diagram of step 9) of the present invention;
[0050] Figure 9 This is a side elevation view of step 9) of the present invention;
[0051] Figure 10 for Figure 8 Enlarged view of part A;
[0052] Figure 11 for Figure 9 The enlarged view of part B is also Figure 10 The intention of the AA section view;
[0053] Figure 12 for Figure 11 Detailed drawing of Part C;
[0054] Figure 13 for Figure 12 Side section view;
[0055] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of a wall-to-wall connector.
[0056] Figure 15 for Figure 14 Side view;
[0057] Figure 16 for Figure 14 Top view;
[0058] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of a four-hole positioning plate.
[0059] In the diagram: 1-1, Independent support with loading hole; 1-1-1, Support pole; 1-1-2, Screw rod; 1-1-3, Adjusting nut; 1-1-4, Vertical support sleeve; 1-1-5, Top screw; 1-1-6, Steel ball; 1-1-7, Support plate; 1-1-8, Limiting hole; 1-1-9, Anti-rotation handle insertion hole; 1-2, Scaffolding support system; 1-3, Template; 2-1, Four-hole positioning plate; 2-2, Clip hole; 2-3, Web plate; 2-4, Connecting plate; 2-5, Module connecting plate; 2-6, Connecting bolt; 2-7, Positioning adjustment shim; 2-8, Loading hole; 2-8-1, Support limiting ring groove; 2-8-2, Flange; 2-8-3, Auxiliary positioning hole. Detailed Implementation
[0060] To further understand the invention's content, features, and effects, the following embodiments are provided, along with detailed descriptions in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
[0061] Please see Figures 1 to 17 A construction method for a reaction platform, comprising the following steps:
[0062] 1) After the construction of the basement foundation, floor slab, exterior walls and partition walls is completed, mark the projection lines of the loading holes on the basement floor slab;
[0063] 2) Based on the elevation of the reaction platform template, lower the scaffolding support system 1-2 by 10mm. According to the marking in step 1), reserve the erection space for the independent support 1-1 of the loading hole below the design position of the loading hole, and pre-place the members of the independent support 1-1 of the loading hole in the corresponding erection space when erecting the scaffolding support system 1-2.
[0064] 3) Install reaction platform templates 1-3;
[0065] 4) Mark the loading hole positions on template 1-3, and then drill positioning connection holes corresponding to the auxiliary positioning holes on the loading hole flange;
[0066] 5) Tie the lower layer of reinforcement bars of the reaction platform, and reserve the position of the loading hole flange according to the markings in step 4);
[0067] 6) According to the design position, the loading hole module is hoisted onto the reaction platform template 1-3, and one loading hole module is set on the top of each compartment; the loading hole module adopts a factory prefabricated structure, and multiple vertically arranged loading holes 2-8 are installed on a bracket. The bracket is provided with a module connecting plate 2-5. The loading hole 2-8 is provided with flanges 2-8-2 at both ends, and two auxiliary positioning holes 2-8-3 are provided on the flanges 2-8-2.
[0068] 7) Adjust the position of the loading hole modules. First, adjust the plane position, then adjust the height and level. Adjust them one by one, using the adjacent adjusted modules as a reference. Use the four-hole clamp 2-1 to adjust the plane position, and use the independent loading hole support 1-1 to adjust the height and level.
[0069] The four-hole clamping plate 2-1 adopts a square structure, with a clamping hole 2-2 at each of the four corners according to the design position of the loading hole. The four clamping holes 2-2 match the outer circle of the flange of the four adjacent loading holes. The independent support 1-1 for the loading hole is set in the independent support space of the loading hole, and is provided with a support upright 1-1-1 connected to the scaffolding support system 1-2. The support upright 1-1-1 is provided with a leveling and height adjustment mechanism. The leveling and height adjustment mechanism is connected to the support plate 1-1-7 through a steel ball 1-1-6. The support plate 1-1-7 is set under the template 1-3 and is connected to the auxiliary positioning hole 2-8-4 on the loading hole flange by bolts. The bolts pass through the corresponding positioning connection holes.
[0070] 8) Pull back the scaffolding support 1-2 up by 10mm and fit it with the template 1-3 to realize the force conversion of the template support from the independent support 1-1 with loading hole to the template support system. Connect the independent support 1-1 with the scaffolding support system 1-2 into one to form a reaction platform template support system.
[0071] 9) The loading hole modules are connected together using through-wall connectors and connecting bolts 2-6. The through-wall connectors are provided with a web plate 2-3. A connecting upright plate 2-4 is provided at each end of the web plate 2-3. The connecting upright plate 2-4 is mated with the module connecting plate 2-5. There is an installation gap between the two. They are connected by connecting bolts. A positioning adjustment shim 2-7 is provided between the connecting upright plate 2-4 and the module connecting plate 2-5, which is locked on the connecting bolt 2-6.
[0072] 10) Check the elevation and flatness of the loading hole modules. After confirming that they meet the design requirements, weld the connecting plate 2-4 to the module connecting plate 2-5 together so that all loading hole modules become a whole.
[0073] 11) Tie the upper layer of reinforcement bars of the reaction platform, install the loading hole cover plate and fix it. In this embodiment, tape is used to fix the loading hole cover plate to prevent concrete from entering.
[0074] 12) Pour concrete.
[0075] In this embodiment, the web plate 2-3 is made of steel plate. The positioning adjustment shims 2-7 include various thicknesses, adopt a Y-shaped structure, and are equipped with a latch and handle adapted to the connecting bolts.
[0076] To facilitate construction and shorten the construction period, step 7) is divided into the following steps:
[0077] 7.1) Select the middle row of loading hole modules in the width direction;
[0078] 7.2) Adjust the planar position of the first loading hole module in step 7.1) by drawing horizontal and vertical center lines of the loading hole above the loading hole module according to the design position, and adjusting the planar position of the first loading hole module according to the horizontal and vertical center lines and the markings in step 4).
[0079] 7.3) Install independent load hole supports 1-1 below each load hole of the first load hole module, within the scaffolding support system;
[0080] 7.4) Use the leveling and height adjustment mechanism to adjust the height and level of the loading hole module;
[0081] 7.5) Use the four-hole clamping plate to adjust the planar position of the second loading hole module in step 7.1).
[0082] 7.6) Repeat steps 7.3) to 7.4) to complete the height and level adjustment of the second loading hole module.
[0083] 7.7) Repeat steps 7.5) to 7.6) multiple times until all loading hole modules in step 7.1) have been adjusted.
[0084] 7.8) Using the row of loading hole modules adjusted in step 7.7) as a reference, repeat steps 7.5) to 7.6) multiple times to adjust the loading hole modules on both sides until all loading hole modules have been adjusted.
[0085] In step 6), the loading hole 2-8 is made of seamless steel pipe. Two symmetrical support and limiting annular grooves 2-8-1 are machined on the outer side of the loading hole body. Positioning tongue and groove joints and flanges 2-8-2 that are interference-fitted with the positioning tongue and groove joints are provided at both ends of the loading hole body. The flanges 2-8-2 are welded to the loading hole body. This structure can improve the installation accuracy of the loading hole in the module.
[0086] A stainless steel panel is provided on the outer end face of the flange 2-8-2 to prevent rust during construction and maintenance.
[0087] In step 7), the leveling and height-adjusting mechanism includes a vertically arranged lead screw 1-1-2 and an adjusting nut 1-1-3 connected thereto. The lead screw 1-1-2 passes through a vertical support sleeve 1-1-4 and is inserted into the support rod 1-1-1. The vertical support sleeve 1-1-4 is fastened to the top of the support rod 1-1-1 and fixed with a set screw 1-1-5. The top of the lead screw 1-1-2 is connected to the support plate 1-1-7 through a steel ball 1-1-6. The lower part of the steel ball 1-1-6 is fitted into the top of the lead screw 1-1-2, and the upper part is fitted into the limiting hole 1-1-8 below the support plate 1-1-7. The leveling and height-adjusting mechanism adopts a screw drive mechanism, which is simple in structure and easy to adjust. The lower part of the limiting hole 1-1-8 is a tapered hole with a larger bottom and a smaller top, and the upper part is a straight hole that connects with the tapered hole, which is easy to process. The lead screw 1-1-2 is a fine-pitch lead screw, which provides high adjustment accuracy. An anti-rotation handle insertion hole is provided on the lead screw 1-1-2 for inserting an anti-rotation handle during adjustment.
[0088] Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other modifications under the guidance of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims, and all of these modifications are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A construction method for a reaction platform, characterized in that, The following steps are adopted: 1) After the construction of the basement foundation, floor slab, exterior walls and partition walls is completed, mark the projection position lines of the loading holes on the basement floor slab; 2) Based on the elevation of the reaction platform template, lower the scaffolding support system by 10mm. According to the markings in step 1), reserve the erection space for the independent support of the loading hole below the design position of the loading hole, and pre-place the members of the independent support of the loading hole in the corresponding erection space when erecting the scaffolding support system. 3) Install the reaction platform template; 4) Mark the loading hole positions on the template, and then drill the positioning connection holes corresponding to the auxiliary positioning holes on the loading hole flange; 5) Tie the lower layer of reinforcement bars of the reaction platform, and reserve the position of the loading hole flange according to the markings in step 4); 6) According to the design position, the loading hole module is hoisted onto the reaction platform template, and one loading hole module is set on the top of each compartment; the loading hole module adopts a factory prefabricated structure, and multiple vertically arranged loading holes are installed on a bracket, and a module connection plate is provided on the bracket; 7) Adjust the position of the loading hole modules, first adjusting the planar position, then the height and level, adjusting them one by one. Using adjacent adjusted modules as a reference, adjust the planar position using the four-hole clamping plate, and adjust the height and level using the independent supports of the loading holes. The four-hole clamping plate adopts a square structure, with a clamping hole at each of the four corners according to the design position of the loading hole. The four clamping holes match the outer circle of the flange of the four adjacent loading holes. The independent support for the loading hole is set in the space of the independent support for the loading hole, and is equipped with a support pole that is integrated with the scaffolding support system. The support pole is equipped with a leveling and height adjustment mechanism, which is connected to the support plate through a steel ball. The support plate is set under the template and is connected to the auxiliary positioning hole on the loading hole flange by bolts, and the bolts pass through the corresponding positioning connection holes. The steps in step 7) are as follows: Step 7.1) Select the middle row of loading hole modules in the width direction; Step 7.2) Adjust the planar position of the first loading hole module in step 7.1) by drawing horizontal and vertical center lines of the loading hole above the loading hole module according to the design position, and adjusting the planar position of the first loading hole module according to the horizontal and vertical center lines and the markings in step 4). (Step 7.3) Install independent load hole supports below each load hole of the first load hole module, within the scaffolding support system; Step 7.4) Use the leveling and height adjustment mechanism to adjust the height and level of the loading hole module; Step 7.5) Use the four-hole clamping plate to adjust the planar position of the second loading hole module in step 7.1). (Step 7.6) Repeat steps 7.3) to 7.4) to complete the height and level adjustment of the second loading hole module. Step 7.7) Repeat steps 7.5) to 7.6) multiple times until all loading hole modules in step 7.1) have been adjusted. Step 7.8) Using the row of loading hole modules adjusted in step 7.7) as a reference, repeat steps 7.5) to 7.6) multiple times to adjust the loading hole modules on both sides until all loading hole modules have been adjusted. 8) Adjust the scaffolding support upward by 10mm and make it fit with the formwork to realize the force conversion from independent support of loading holes to the formwork support system. Connect the independent support of loading holes with the scaffolding support system to form a reaction platform formwork support system. 9) The loading hole modules are connected together using through-wall connectors and connecting bolts. The through-wall connector has a web plate, and a connecting upright plate is provided at each end of the web plate. The connecting upright plate is mated with the module connecting plate, and there is an installation gap between the two. The connecting bolts are used for connection. A positioning adjustment shim is provided between the connecting upright plate and the module connecting plate and is locked on the connecting bolt. 10) Check the elevation and flatness of the loading hole modules. After confirming that they meet the design requirements, weld the connecting plate to the module connecting plate to make all the loading hole modules a whole. 11) Tie the upper layer of reinforcement bars on the reaction platform, install the loading hole cover plate and fix it; 12) Pour concrete.
2. The construction method of the reaction platform according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 6), the loading hole, the main body is made of seamless steel pipe, two support and limiting ring grooves are symmetrically machined on the outside of the loading hole main body, and positioning tongue and groove and flanges that are interference fit with the positioning tongue and groove are provided at both ends of the loading hole main body, and the flanges are welded to the loading hole main body.
3. The construction method of the reaction platform according to claim 2, characterized in that, A stainless steel panel is provided on the outer end face of the flange.
4. The construction method of the reaction platform according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 7), the leveling and height adjustment mechanism includes a vertically arranged lead screw and an adjusting nut connected thereto. The lead screw passes through a vertical support sleeve and is inserted into the support column. The vertical support sleeve is fastened to the top of the support column and fixed with a top screw. The top of the lead screw is connected to the support plate through a steel ball. The lower part of the steel ball is fitted into the top of the lead screw, and the upper part is fitted into the limiting hole under the support plate.
5. The construction method of the reaction platform according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 9), the positioning adjustment shims include various types with different thicknesses, adopt a Y-shaped structure, and are equipped with a bayonet and handle adapted to the connecting bolts.
6. The construction method of the reaction platform according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step 7), the lower part of the limiting hole is a tapered hole that is larger at the bottom and smaller at the top, and the upper part is a straight hole that connects with the tapered hole.
7. The construction method of the reaction platform according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step 7), the lead screw is a fine-tooth lead screw.
8. The construction method of the reaction platform according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step 7), an anti-rotation handle insertion hole is provided on the lead screw.
9. The construction method of the reaction platform according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 9), the web is made of steel plate.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Method for manufacturing reaction wall and loading hole unit adjusting device
CN109916617A
Concrete formwork auxiliary positioning device for civil engineering
CN215889370U