Teaching demonstration instrument for apparent motion of the sun

Abstract

The application discloses a solar apparent motion teaching demonstration instrument, which comprises a horizontal plane plate, a latitude protractor arranged at the east end and the west end of the plate, a rotating rod accommodated in the plate along the east-west direction, a latitude adjusting motor arranged at the bottom of the plate for driving the rotating rod to rotate, a support seat for supporting the plate, an adjuster, a date reference plate, a latitude pointer arranged on the date reference plate for indicating latitude, a date adjusting motor arranged on the date reference plate for driving the rotating rod to rotate, a solar apparent motion track, a gap between the rotating rod and the date reference plate, a threaded ear seat connected with the rotating rod and arranged at the two ends of the track, a plane of the track being perpendicular to the rotating rod, and a sun simulator arranged on the track. The solar apparent motion teaching demonstration instrument has the advantages of rich demonstration content and good teaching effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of teaching instrument technology, and in particular to a solar apparent motion teaching demonstration device. Background Technology

[0002] The apparent motion of the sun relative to an observer on Earth reveals the spatiotemporal distribution of solar radiation, determining the division of Earth's five climatic zones and the formation of the four seasons. In teaching, the apparent motion of the sun is typically explained using printed materials and models. Printed materials are rather abstract, difficult to understand, and not conducive to student memorization. As for models, existing teaching aids are relatively simple, depicting the sun's orbit in a fixed manner, limiting the content to be explained, and the models themselves are large and inconvenient to demonstrate. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a more comprehensive solar apparent motion teaching demonstration device that supports adjustment of the solar motion orbit, thereby solving the problem of poor explanation effect of existing solar apparent motion teaching aids and models.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0005] A solar apparent motion teaching demonstrator, including:

[0006] The ground plane is a circular plate with latitude protractors for measuring latitude at its east and west ends. A rotating rod is housed inside the plate along the east-west direction. A latitude adjustment motor for driving the rotating rod and a support base for supporting the plate are located at the bottom of the plate.

[0007] The regulator includes a screw, with angle steel connected to both ends of the screw via bearings. A date reference plate is fixed between the angle steels, and a rotating rod is connected to the center of the date reference plate. The date reference plate has the dates corresponding to the spring / autumn equinox, summer solstice, and winter solstice along its body. A latitude pointer for indicating latitude is also provided on the upper part of the plate, and a date adjustment motor for driving the screw to rotate is provided at the end of the plate.

[0008] The apparent motion track of the sun is a ring-shaped slide rail. Its ring body passes through the gap between the screw and the date reference plate. The two ends of its ring body are connected to the screw through threaded lugs, and the plane of the ring body is perpendicular to the screw. A sun simulator is set on its ring body. The sun simulator moves along the ring body and is powered by a button battery.

[0009] Preferably, the solar motion track has grooves on both sides of its ring surface and a rack on its inner ring surface; the solar simulator has a light source on its base plate surface, and its back plate is suspended in the grooves of the solar motion track by four limiting wheels, and a motion motor is fixed on the side of its base plate; the motion motor meshes with the rack through gears, and the light source points to the center of the solar motion track; both the motion motor and the light source are powered by button batteries.

[0010] Preferably, a circular through hole is provided in the center of the ground plane plate, and a transparent seat is provided on the bottom side of the circular through hole. The transparent seat is fixed on the support base. An equatorial sundial is provided in the circular through hole. The sundial is locked to the rotating rod in a detachable manner, and the end face of the sundial is always kept parallel to the apparent motion plane of the sun.

[0011] Preferably, the surface of the ground plane plate is provided with limiting strips along the due south-due north direction, and the limiting strips form a convex slot for embedding the gnomon; the gnomon, its gnomon part and the base plate form a convex strip, and its surface part is vertically set in the middle of the gnomon part; the gnomon part is a magnetic plate, and is equipped with two magnetic blocks each marked with the spring equinox, summer solstice, autumn equinox and winter solstice.

[0012] Preferably, a hollow turntable is provided on the top side of the support base, and the hollow turntable is fixed to the transparent base by four screws.

[0013] Preferably, the rotating rod has a flat section in the circular through hole, the plane of the flat section is perpendicular to the date reference plate, and the width of the flat section is equal to the diameter of the sundial; the sundial needle is inserted into the magnetic ring, the magnetic ring is fixed to the end face of the sundial, and the sundial is attracted to the flat section by the magnetic ring.

[0014] In summary, the solar apparent motion teaching demonstrator of this invention, employing the aforementioned structure, can adjust the solar apparent motion trajectory according to date and latitude, thereby improving the demonstration effect of the teaching aid. Furthermore, by integrating the sundial and gnomon into the teaching aid, the teaching content is further enriched. In addition, all adjustment actions can be achieved via remote control, making it more convenient for teaching use. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a front view of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 2 This is a side view of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 3 This is a top view of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the regulator in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 5 This is a planar schematic diagram of the ground plane in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the gnomon in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the measurement principle of the latitude protractor in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the apparent motion orbit of the sun and the solar simulator on it in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the displacement principle of the apparent orbit of the sun and the solar simulator in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an equatorial sundial in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the north (left) and south (right) sides of an equatorial sundial in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the support frame in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the bridge structure in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure Labels

[0029] 1. Regulator; 2. Ground plane plate; 3. Solar apparent motion track; 4. Sundial; 5. Transparent base; 6. Support frame; 11. Screw; 12. Date reference plate; 121. Latitude pointer; 122. Date adjustment motor; 13. Angle steel; 14. Bearing; 15. Rotating rod; 151. Flat part; 21. Limiting strip; 22. Latitude protractor; 23. Circular through hole; 24. Base plate; 25. Top part; 26. Gnomon; 31. Slide rail; 311. Slide groove; 312. Rack; 32. Threaded lug; 33. Solar simulator; 331. Limiting wheel; 332. Base plate; 333. Light source; 41. Dial face; 42. Magnetic ring; 43. Dial needle; 61. Hollow turntable; 62. Locking bearing. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0031] like Figures 1-3 As shown, the solar apparent motion teaching demonstrator includes a support frame 6, a ground plane plate 2, an adjuster 1, a solar apparent motion track 3, a sundial model 4, a gnomon, and other parts, and adopts a fully automatic design.

[0032] 1. Support frame

[0033] like Figure 12 As shown, the support frame 6 mainly serves a supporting function. Its lower part is fixed by a double-locking bearing 62, its middle part forms a U-shaped handle, and its upper end is provided with a hollow turntable 61. Four screw fixing positions are provided on the hollow turntable 61.

[0034] 2. Ground plank

[0035] like Figure 5 As shown, the ground plane plate 2 is a circular plate with a diameter of 45cm, and a circular through hole 23 with a diameter of 12cm is set in the center. On the plate, the four directions of east, south, west, and north are determined on the outer perimeter. Starting from due east, the sunrise azimuth angle (0-90 degrees east of north, 0-90 degrees east of south) is marked in clockwise and counterclockwise directions respectively; starting from due west, the sunset azimuth angle (0-90 degrees west of north, 0-90 degrees west of south) is marked in clockwise and counterclockwise directions respectively.

[0036] Based on the sunrise and sunset azimuth formulas, calculate the equatorial and 10° azimuth angles for June 22nd (Northern Hemisphere summer solstice) and December 22nd (Northern Hemisphere winter solstice), respectively. 0 N, 20 0 N, 30 0 N, 40 0 N, 50 0 N, 60 0 N, 60 0 The azimuth angles for sunrise and sunset at 34'N. Sunrise azimuth angles: 23° east of north and east of south respectively at the equator. 0 26', 10 0 N represents approximately 24 degrees east of north and east of south. 0 20 0 N represents approximately 25 degrees east of north and east of south. 0 30 0 N represents approximately 27.5 degrees east of north and east of south, respectively. 0 40 0 N represents approximately 31.5 degrees north and east-southeast respectively. 0 50 0 N represents approximately 38.5 degrees north and east-southeast respectively. 0 60 0 N represents approximately 53 degrees east of north and east of south. 0 60 0 At 34'N, these are approximately 90° east of north and east of south. The sunset azimuth is the same as the sunrise azimuth, but the directions are west of north and west of south, respectively. Mark these azimuths on the ground plane plate 2, and connect the sunrise (sunset) azimuths of the winter and summer solstices at the same latitude with lines.

[0037] A transparent base 5, 15cm high and 12cm in diameter, is installed under the circular through-hole 23 and fixed to the hollow turntable. On the ground plane plate 2, latitude protractors 22 are installed at the east and west ends, and a limiting strip 21 for limiting the gnomon's position is installed in the south-north direction. Inside the ground plane plate 2, a rotating rod 15 is accommodated along the east-west direction, and a 90-tooth driven gear is installed at one end of the rotating rod 15. Below the ground plane plate 2, a latitude adjustment motor with a speed of 3 revolutions per minute and an operating voltage of 6V is installed, and a 10-tooth driving gear is installed on the motor's output shaft. The driving gear meshes with the driven gear, and the controller controls the forward and reverse rotation of the latitude adjustment motor, thereby driving the rotating rod 15 to rotate forward and reverse.

[0038] 3. Regulator

[0039] like Figure 4 As shown, there are two regulators, one on the left and one on the right, each including a screw 11. Both ends of the screw 11 are connected to angle steel 13 via bearings 14. A date reference plate 12 is fixed between the angle steel 13, and a rotating rod 15 is connected to the center of the date reference plate 12. The date reference plate 12 is 30cm long, and the dates corresponding to the spring / autumn equinox, summer solstice, and winter solstice are set along its body. A latitude pointer 121 for indicating latitude is also set on the upper part of the plate, and a date adjustment motor 122 with a speed of 2000 rpm and a working voltage of 6V is set at the end of the plate. The screw 11 and the date adjustment motor 122 are connected by a gear set, thus facilitating the controller to control the forward and reverse rotation of the screw 11.

[0040] Regulator 1 is functionally divided into a date regulator and a latitude regulator. The date regulator, via screw 11, drives the apparent solar motion track 3 up and down along the date reference plate 12, thereby simulating the apparent solar motion at different solar terms. Both regulators are connected to the same controller and controlled by the same remote control to ensure synchronous adjustment at both ends of the apparent solar motion track. The latitude regulator, via rotating rod 15, drives regulator 1 to rotate as a whole, thereby simulating the apparent solar motion at different latitudes.

[0041] 4. Apparent orbit of the sun

[0042] like Figure 8 As shown, the apparent motion track 3 of the sun is a ring-shaped slide rail 31. Its ring body passes through the gap between the screw 11 and the date reference plate 12. Both ends of its ring body are connected to the screw 11 through threaded lugs 32, and the plane of the ring body is perpendicular to the screw 11. A solar simulator 33 is set on its ring body. A 24-hour scale line is also set on the ring body to facilitate the recording of the position of the solar simulator 33.

[0043] like Figure 9As shown, the solar apparent motion track 3 has grooves 311 on both sides of its annular surface and a rack 312 on its inner annular surface. The solar simulator 33 has a light source 333 on its base plate 332 surface. The back of the base plate 332 is suspended within the grooves 311 of the solar apparent motion track 3 by four limiting wheels 331. An apparent motion motor is fixed to the side of the base plate 332. The apparent motion motor meshes with the rack 312 via gears, and the light source 333 points towards the center of the solar apparent motion track 3. Both the apparent motion motor and the light source 333 are powered by button batteries, facilitating the passage of the solar simulator 33 through the regulator 1.

[0044] 5. Standards

[0045] like Figure 6 As shown, the gnomon has a gnomon portion 26 forming a convex strip with the base plate 24, and its surface portion 25 is vertically positioned at the center of the gnomon portion 26. The gnomon portion 26 is a magnetic plate, and is equipped with two magnetic blocks each marked with the spring equinox, summer solstice, autumn equinox, and winter solstice. To facilitate the installation of the gnomon, the ground plane plate 2 is also provided with limiting strips 21 along the due south-due north direction, and the limiting strips 21 form convex slots for embedding the gnomon.

[0046] 6. Sundial

[0047] like Figures 10-11 As shown, a magnetic ring 42 is provided at the center of the equatorial sundial 4, and a gnomon 43 is vertically inserted into the center of the magnetic ring 42. To prevent the sundial 4 from deflecting, flat portions 151 are provided above and below the circular through-hole 23 on the rotating rod 15, and the plane of the flat portion 151 is perpendicular to the date reference plate 12, so that the magnetic ring 42 is stably attached to the rotating rod 15, thereby ensuring that the end face of the sundial 4 remains parallel to the apparent motion orbit 3 of the sun. In this embodiment, the sundial 4 has two dial faces 41, the one facing north is for clockwise time information, and the one facing south is for counterclockwise time information.

[0048] Based on the aforementioned solar apparent motion teaching demonstration device, this program has developed demonstration and exploration content for 30 geographical phenomena across ten categories.

[0049] (I) Solar apparent motion

[0050] 1. Demonstrate the apparent motion of the sun on any given day in any latitude region.

[0051] Adjust the latitude adjuster to a specific latitude, then turn on the solar simulator and light source to demonstrate the sun's diurnal motion. Turn on the date adjuster and use the forward / reverse remote control to simulate the apparent diurnal motion of the sun at a different location on different dates. Turn on the latitude adjuster and use the forward / reverse remote control to simulate the apparent diurnal motion of the sun at different latitudes on a specific date.

[0052] 2. Investigate the annual variation of the apparent motion trajectory of the sun at any latitude.

[0053] Adjust the latitude adjuster to a specific latitude, then adjust the date adjuster to observe the changing patterns of the sun's apparent motion. The apparent motion of the sun is roughly parallel throughout the year in the same region.

[0054] 3. Investigate the differences in the apparent motion trajectory of the sun in different parts of the world on a certain day.

[0055] Use the date adjuster to select the desired date, then adjust the latitude adjuster to observe the changes in the apparent motion of the sun at different latitudes on the same day. The apparent motion of the sun globally on the same date is not parallel.

[0056] (ii) Sunrise (Sunset) Azimuth

[0057] 1. Demonstrate the changing pattern of the sunrise (sunset) azimuth angle of a certain region throughout the year.

[0058] Use the latitude adjuster to select the desired latitude region, then adjust the date adjuster, and turn on the solar simulator and light source switch respectively to observe the changing pattern of the sunrise (sunset) azimuth angle of the sun in this region throughout the year.

[0059] 2. Demonstrate the changing patterns of sunrise (sunset) azimuth angles at different latitudes on the same date.

[0060] Adjust the date adjuster to the desired date, and then observe the changing patterns of sunrise (sunset) azimuth angles at different latitudes on that day by adjusting the latitude adjuster.

[0061] 3. Check the sunrise (sunset) azimuth angles for each latitude region on June 22.

[0062] The sunrise (sunset) azimuth angles for each major latitude can be directly read from the sunrise (sunset) azimuth angle lookup table on the ground plane; at the same time, the date adjuster can be adjusted to June 22nd, and then the latitude adjuster can be adjusted to demonstrate the sunrise (sunset) azimuth angles for each latitude region on June 22nd.

[0063] (III) Solar altitude angle during the day

[0064] 1. Demonstrate the pattern of solar altitude variation throughout the day in any latitude region and speculate on the reasons for it.

[0065] Adjust the latitude adjuster to the desired latitude, turn on the solar simulator, and demonstrate the changing pattern of the sun's altitude throughout the day.

[0066] (iv) Noon solar altitude

[0067] 1. Demonstrate the size of the noon solar altitude (angle) on any given day in a certain region.

[0068] Set the solar simulator to the 12:00 position and turn on the light source. The angle between the line connecting the sunlight and the center point of the ground plane and the ground plane is the noon solar altitude at that location on that day.

[0069] 2. Investigate the variation of the sun's altitude at noon on a certain day with latitude.

[0070] Set the solar simulator to 12:00, adjust the date using the date adjuster to the desired date, and then adjust the latitude adjuster to observe and compare the changing patterns of the noon solar altitude at different latitudes on that day. This reveals the pattern of noon solar altitude variation with latitude: it decreases from the latitude of the subsolar point towards both the north and south.

[0071] 3. Investigate the variation of noon solar altitude with the seasons (year-round) in a certain latitude region.

[0072] Set the solar simulator to 12:00, use the latitude adjuster to the desired latitude region, then adjust the date adjuster to observe and compare the variation pattern of the noon solar altitude in that latitude region throughout the year.

[0073] Through the above investigation, the following patterns of seasonal variation in the noon sun altitude were derived: In areas north of the Tropic of Cancer, the maximum value is reached on June 22nd, and the minimum value is reached on December 22nd. Other dates fall between the maximum and minimum. In areas from the equator to the Tropic of Cancer, the maximum value is reached on the day the sun is directly overhead, and the minimum value is reached on December 22nd. Other dates fall between the maximum and minimum. In areas from the equator to the Tropic of Capricorn, the maximum value is reached on the day the sun is directly overhead, and the minimum value is reached on June 22nd. Other dates fall between the maximum and minimum.

[0074] (V) Changes in the shadow of an object

[0075] 1. Demonstrate the change in the length of an object's shadow on any given day at a certain latitude.

[0076] Place the sundial along a north-south direction into the central through-hole of the ground plane, and place the sundial face on the flat part of the sundial (at this point, the gnomon on the sundial face is an object perpendicular to the ground surface). Adjust the latitude adjuster to the desired latitude region, and simultaneously turn on the motion switch and light source switch of the solar simulator to demonstrate the changes in the length of the shadow at that latitude throughout the day. By adjusting the date adjuster, the changes in the length of the shadow on any given day can be demonstrated.

[0077] 2. Demonstrate the changes in the direction of the shadow of any object at any latitude (except for the North and South Poles).

[0078] The demonstration steps described in 1 above can be used to demonstrate the changes in the direction of the shadow of any object at any latitude.

[0079] 3. Investigate the variation of the length of the shadow of an object at the same height at noon on a certain day with latitude.

[0080] Place the sundial along a north-south direction into the central through-hole of the ground plane. Place the sundial face on the flat part of the sundial (at this point, the gnomon on the sundial face will be an object perpendicular to the ground surface). Adjust the date adjuster to the desired date. Set the solar simulator to 12:00 and turn on the light source. The shadow at this point will be the shadow at local time 12:00. Adjust the latitude adjuster and observe the variation in shadow length with latitude for objects at the same altitude at noon on that day.

[0081] 4. Investigate the seasonal (annual) variation of the length of shadows at noon in a certain region.

[0082] Place the sundial along a north-south direction into the central through-hole of the ground plane. Place the sundial face on the flat part of the sundial (at this point, the gnomon on the sundial face will be a perpendicular object to the ground surface). Adjust the latitude adjuster to the desired latitude. Set the solar simulator to 12:00 and turn on the light source. Adjust the date adjuster and observe the seasonal (annual) variation in the length of the shadow at noon in this region.

[0083] (vi) Length of day and night

[0084] 1. Demonstrate the length of day and night (including day and night duration) in any region on a given day.

[0085] Adjust the date adjuster to the desired date and the latitude adjuster to the desired latitude. Observe the intersection of the sun's apparent orbit with the horizon; these two intersections represent the local sunrise and sunset times for this region on that day. Using the local sunrise / sunset times, determine the length of day and night. Compare the ratio of the day arc to the night arc to determine the day and night length at that latitude. Adjust the latitude adjuster and observe the day and night length at different latitudes. Through this demonstration, explore the variation of day and night length with latitude on a given day.

[0086] 2. Demonstrate the length of day and night (including day and night duration) in a certain region on any given day.

[0087] Adjust the latitude adjuster to the desired latitude. Adjust the date adjuster and observe the day and night lengths at that latitude on different dates. Through the above demonstration, explore the annual variation (with seasonal changes) of day and night length in a certain region.

[0088] (vii) Polar day and polar night

[0089] 1. Demonstrate the extent of polar day and polar night on Earth on any given day.

[0090] Adjust the date selector to a specific date, and then adjust the latitude selector while observing the geometric relationship between the sun's apparent orbit and the horizon. When the sun's apparent orbit is entirely above the horizon and intersects the horizon at only one point, read the latitude number indicated by the latitude pointer; this latitude indicates polar day at higher latitudes. When the sun's apparent orbit is entirely below the horizon and intersects the horizon at only one point, read the latitude number indicated by the latitude pointer; this latitude indicates polar night at higher latitudes.

[0091] 2. Demonstrate the times and durations of polar day and polar night in regions with polar day and polar night phenomena.

[0092] Adjust the latitude regulator to a latitude region with polar day (polar night) (66). 0 34'N—90 0 N, 66 0 34'S—90 0 S), then adjust the date adjuster and observe the geometric relationship between the sun's apparent orbit and the horizon. When the sun's apparent orbit is entirely above the horizon and intersects the horizon at only one point, record the date; this date marks the beginning of polar day at that latitude. When the sun's apparent orbit is entirely below the horizon and intersects the horizon at only one point, record the date; this date marks the beginning of polar night at that latitude. This allows you to deduce the time periods of polar day and polar night at that latitude.

[0093] (viii) The location and changes of time points

[0094] 1. Investigate the annual positional change pattern of a certain region at different time points (such as 6:00 or 18:00).

[0095] Adjust the latitude adjuster to a certain latitude, and then adjust the date adjuster to observe the change in the observer's azimuth throughout the year at a certain point in time (such as 6:00 or 18:00) on the apparent motion path of the sun.

[0096] 2. Investigate the spatial variation of latitude at different times (e.g., 6:00 or 18:00) on the same date.

[0097] Adjust the date adjuster to a specific date, then adjust the latitude adjuster and observe the change in latitude of a certain point in time (such as 6:00 or 18:00) on the apparent motion path of the sun as observed from the observer's position.

[0098] (ix) Sundial

[0099] 1. Investigate why we don't directly use the "measuring shadows by setting up a pole on the ground" method to keep track of time.

[0100] Place the sundial along a north-south direction into the central through-hole of the ground plane. Place the sundial face on the flat part of the sundial to simulate a "vertical pole on the ground." Turn on the sun simulator and the light source, observe the changes in the length of the shadows of objects during the day, and record the direction of the shadows at any given time (e.g., 6:00). Adjust the date selector to different dates, repeat the above steps, and observe the changes in the length of the shadows of objects during the day, recording the direction of the shadows at each given time (e.g., 6:00).

[0101] Observation conclusion: The direction of shadows at the same time varies on different dates, and the length of the shadows also changes. Therefore, the method of "measuring shadows by setting up a pole on the ground" cannot be used directly to keep track of time.

[0102] 2. Demonstrate the method of reading time using a sundial.

[0103] Place the sundial at the center of the ground plane. Adjust the date adjuster to any day between March 21st and September 23rd, and adjust the latitude adjuster to any region in the Northern Hemisphere where day and night alternate. Turn on the solar simulator and the light source, and observe the time indicated by the shadow of the gnomon on the north side of the sundial. This time is the local time (the time indicated by the gnomon's shadow corresponds to the time on the apparent path of the sun). Observe the south side of the sundial from September 23rd to March 21st of the following year.

[0104] 3. Demonstrate traditional Chinese timekeeping methods such as "five watches of the night," "twelve two-hour periods," and "earthly branches," as well as the comparison between ancient timekeeping and local time and Beijing time.

[0105] The sundial features a table showing the ancient Chinese "five watches of the night," the "twelve two-hour periods" (represented by the 12 Earthly Branches), and their correspondence with local time, allowing students to learn about traditional Chinese culture. Furthermore, students can use the formula for converting local time to Beijing time to change the sundial's time (local time) to Beijing time.

[0106] 4. Investigate the angles between the dial face and the gnomon of equatorial sundials in different regions and the reasons for these angles.

[0107] Adjust the latitude adjuster to any latitude and read the degree from the gnomon. The degree reading on the gnomon is consistent with the degree reading on the latitude protractor (the angle between the gnomon and the ground plane is equal to the local geographical latitude). The angle between the gnomon and the ground plane is complementary to the latitude value.

[0108] Reason: The gnomon of a sundial must be parallel to the Earth's axis. The dial face of an equatorial sundial must be perpendicular to the gnomon.

[0109] 5. Investigate the variation of the length of the gnomon's projection on the dial surface of an equatorial sundial throughout the day.

[0110] Adjust the date adjuster to a specific date and the latitude adjuster to a specific latitude region. Turn on the solar simulator and the light source switch, and make the solar simulator rotate once. Observe the change in the length of the gnomon's projection on the gnomon surface.

[0111] 6. Investigate the variation of the length of the gnomon's projection on the dial surface with latitude throughout the day.

[0112] Adjust the date adjuster to a specific date, turn on the solar simulator and light source, and observe the length of the gnomon's projection on the dial. Adjust the latitude adjuster from the North Pole to the equator, and then to the South Pole, observing the changes in the length of the gnomon's projection on the dial.

[0113] 7. Investigate the annual variation of the projection of the gnomon onto the dial surface of an equatorial sundial in a certain region.

[0114] Adjust the latitude adjuster to a specific latitude region, turn on the solar simulator and light source, and observe the length of the gnomon's projection on the dial. Adjust the date adjuster to one year and observe the change in the length of the gnomon's projection on the dial.

[0115] (x) Gnomon

[0116] 1. Explore the methods of making and interpreting gnomons in any latitude region, and cultivate students' hands-on skills.

[0117] Unfold the gnomon and place it in the center of the ground plane. Adjust the latitude regulator to the desired latitude and set the solar simulator to 12:00. Adjust the date regulator to different date positions (equinoxes and solstices), observe the length of the shadow cast by the gnomon on the gnomon surface, and mark it (move the equinox and solstices markings to the end of the corresponding shadow). The gnomon for that latitude region is now complete.

[0118] 2. Demonstrate the principle of gnomon timekeeping and promote traditional Chinese culture.

[0119] (1) Investigate the influence of the length of the table on the construction of the gnomon.

[0120] Adjust the latitude adjuster to a specific latitude region and the date adjuster to the summer solstice. Unfold the gnomon, set the solar simulator to 12:00, turn on the light source, place the gnomon at the center of the ground plane, and observe the length of the shadow cast by the gnomon on the gnomon's surface. Move the summer solstice mark to the end of the shadow. Change the length of the gnomon and observe the changes in the shadow length on the gnomon's surface with different lengths, and move the summer solstice mark accordingly.

[0121] (2) Investigate the influence of latitude differences on the construction of gnomons.

[0122] Adjust the date adjuster to a specific date, unfold the gnomon, set the solar simulator to 12:00, turn on the light source, place the gnomon at the center of the ground plane, observe the length of the shadow cast by the gnomon on the gnomon, and move the summer solstice mark to the end of the shadow. Adjust the latitude adjuster to different dates, observe the changes in the length of the shadow cast by the gnomon on the gnomon, and move the summer solstice mark according to the changes in the shadow length.

[0123] 3. Demonstration of the 24 Solar Terms

[0124] Adjust the latitude adjuster to the desired latitude, set the solar simulator to 12:00, and turn on the light source. Unfold the gnomon, place the gnomon in the center of the ground plane, and, in conjunction with the date adjuster, demonstrate the 24 solar terms. The solar terms on the gnomon will match those on the date chart.

[0125] Note: When demonstrating geographical phenomena at the North and South Poles, the four directional markers (north, south, east, and west) on the ground plane are invalid (when demonstrating phenomena at the North Pole, all directions are south; the opposite is true for the South Pole).

[0126] The above are specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention should not be limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope defined in the claims.

Claims

1. A solar apparent motion teaching demonstration device, characterized in that, include: The ground plane is a circular plate with latitude protractors for measuring latitude at its east and west ends. A rotating rod is housed inside the plate along the east-west direction. A latitude adjustment motor for driving the rotating rod and a support base for supporting the plate are located at the bottom of the plate. The regulator consists of two regulators located at both ends of a rotating rod. Each regulator includes a screw, with angle steel connected to both ends of the screw via bearings. A date reference plate is fixed between the angle steels, and the rotating rod is connected to the center of the date reference plate. The date reference plate has the dates corresponding to the spring / autumn equinox, summer solstice, and winter solstice along its body. A latitude pointer for indicating latitude is also provided on the upper part of the plate, and a date adjustment motor for driving the screw to rotate is provided at the end of the plate. The regulator is functionally divided into a date regulator and a latitude regulator. The date regulator uses a screw to drive the apparent solar motion track up and down along the date reference plate, thereby simulating the apparent solar motion of different solar terms. The two regulators are connected to the same controller and controlled by the same remote control, so that the two ends of the apparent solar motion track are adjusted synchronously. The latitude regulator uses a rotating rod to drive the regulator to rotate as a whole, thereby simulating the apparent solar motion of different latitudes. The apparent motion track of the sun is a circular slide rail with 24-hour scale lines on its body. The ring passes through the gap between the screw and the date reference plate. Both ends of the ring are connected to the screw through threaded lugs, and the plane of the ring is perpendicular to the screw. A solar simulator is installed on the ring. The solar simulator moves along the ring and is powered by a button battery. The solar motion track has grooves on both sides of its ring surface and a rack on its inner ring surface. The solar simulator has a light source on its base plate surface and is suspended in the groove of the solar motion track by four limiting wheels on its back. The motion motor is fixed on the side of the base plate. The motion motor meshes with the rack through gears. The light source points to the center of the solar motion track. Both the motion motor and the light source are powered by button batteries. A circular through-hole is also provided in the center of the ground plane plate. An equatorial sundial is installed in the circular through-hole. The sundial is locked to the rotating rod in a detachable manner, and the end face of the sundial is always kept parallel to the apparent motion plane of the sun. Limiting strips are also provided on the surface of the ground plane plate along the due south-due north direction, and convex slots for embedding the gnomon are formed between the limiting strips; The rotating rod has a flat section in the circular through hole. The plane of the flat section is perpendicular to the date reference plate, and the width of the flat section is equal to the diameter of the sundial. The sundial needle is inserted into the magnetic ring, which is fixed to the end face of the sundial. The sundial is attracted to the flat section through the magnetic ring.

2. The solar apparent motion teaching demonstration device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A transparent seat is provided on the bottom side of the circular through hole, and the transparent seat is fixed on the support base.

3. The solar apparent motion teaching demonstration device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gnomon has a convex strip formed by the gnomon and the base plate, with its surface set vertically in the center of the gnomon. The gnomon is a magnetic plate and is equipped with two magnetic blocks each marked with the spring equinox, summer solstice, autumn equinox, and winter solstice.

4. The solar apparent motion teaching demonstration device according to claim 2, characterized in that, A hollow turntable is installed on the top side of the support base, and the hollow turntable is fixed to the transparent base by four screws.

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