Gateway selection for private wireless networks

Abstract

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are described. A user equipment (UE) can determine whether a geolocation code associated with a geographic location of the UE matches a geolocation code in a received message. Based on the determination, the UE can select a non-public network (NPN) function. Additionally or alternatively, the UE can discover or select a NPN function based on a determination of legal requirements, such as one or more intercept conditions, independent of the geographic location of the UE. For example, the UE can discover one or more NPN functions from a query using a NPN function identifier or a NPN identifier. The UE can determine that a NPN function selection (e.g., for the geographic location of the UE) is independent of an intercept condition (e.g., associated with the geographic location of the UE).

Description

[0001] Cross-referencing

[0002] This patent application claims the benefit of Greek Provisional Patent Application No. 20200100252 entitled “GATEWAY SELECTIONFOR PRIVATE WIRELESS NETWORKS”, filed by FACCIN et al. on May 13, 2020, which has been assigned to the assignee of this application and is expressly incorporated herein by reference. Background Technology

[0003] The following refers to wireless communication, and more specifically to wireless communication over a privately managed wireless network.

[0004] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content, such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, and broadcasting. These systems are capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multiple access systems include fourth-generation (4G) systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE), Advanced LTE (LTE-A), or LTE-A Pro systems, and fifth-generation (5G) systems, which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems. These systems can employ technologies such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), or Discrete Fourier Transform Extended Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (DFT-S-OFDM).

[0005] A wireless multiple access communication system may include one or more base stations or one or more network access nodes. Each base station or network access node simultaneously supports communication for multiple communication devices, which may be referred to as user equipment (UE). Some communication devices may belong to a public land mobile network (PLMN), which may be a home public land mobile network (HPLMN) or a visited public land mobile network (VPLMN). The PLMN may be a geographic area (e.g., a country) covered by a mobile operator to provide various wireless communication services (e.g., voice and data services) to the communication devices. Summary of the Invention

[0006] A method for wireless communication at a UE is described. The method may include: receiving a message including one or more geolocation codes; determining whether a geolocation code associated with the geolocation of the UE matches at least one geolocation code in the received message; and selecting a non-public network (NPN) function based on the determination.

[0007] An apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus may include: a processor and a memory coupled to the processor, the processor and memory being configured to: receive a message including one or more geolocation codes; determine whether a geolocation code associated with the geolocation of the apparatus matches at least one geolocation code in the received message; and select an NPN function based on the determination.

[0008] Another apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus may include components for: receiving a message including one or more geolocation codes; determining whether a geolocation code associated with the geolocation of the apparatus matches at least one geolocation code in the received message; and selecting an NPN function based on the determination.

[0009] A computer-readable medium is described, storing code for wireless communication at a UE. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to: receive a message including one or more geolocation codes; determine whether a geolocation code associated with the geolocation of the UE matches at least one geolocation code in the received message; and select an NPN function based on the determination.

[0010] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, the message includes an NPN function identifier.

[0011] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, receiving the message may include operations, features, components, or instructions for receiving a list comprising a set of tuples, the set of tuples including the one or more geolocation codes or the NPN function identifier, or both the one or more geolocation codes and the NPN function identifier.

[0012] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, determining whether a geolocation code associated with the geographic location of the UE matches at least one geolocation code associated with one or more geolocation codes in the received message may include operations, features, components, or instructions for: determining whether a geolocation code associated with the geographic location of the UE matches at least one geolocation code associated with one or more geolocation codes in the received message, wherein selecting the NPN function includes selecting the NPN function using an NPN function identifier based on a selection process.

[0013] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, determining whether a geolocation code associated with the geolocation of the UE matches at least one geolocation code associated with the one or more geolocation codes in the received message may include operations, features, components, or instructions for determining that the geolocation code of the serving PLMN matches at least one geolocation code associated with the one or more geolocation codes in the received message.

[0014] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for terminating the selection process based on selecting the NPN function using the NPN function identifier.

[0015] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for avoiding the selection of whether the NPN function can be configured for the geographic location of the UE based on terminating the selection process.

[0016] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, determining whether a geolocation code associated with the geolocation of the UE matches at least one geolocation code associated with one or more geolocation codes in the received message may include operations, features, components, or instructions for: determining that the geolocation code associated with the geolocation of the UE does not match at least one geolocation code associated with one or more geolocation codes in the received message, wherein selecting the NPN function includes: performing a selection process to select the NPN function based on determining that the geolocation code associated with the geolocation of the UE does not match at least one geolocation code associated with one or more geolocation codes in the received message.

[0017] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, the selection process may include operations, features, components, or instructions for determining whether the selection of the NPN function can be configured for the geographic location of the UE, wherein selecting the NPN function includes: selecting the NPN function using a default NPN function identifier based on determining that the selection of the NPN function for the geographic location of the UE is not required.

[0018] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, receiving the message may include operations, features, components, or instructions for receiving a default NPN function identifier.

[0019] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, the geolocation code corresponds to the NPN function in the default geolocation associated with the UE.

[0020] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, selecting the NPN function may include operations, features, components, or instructions for: using a default NPN function identifier and selecting the NPN function based on determining that the geolocation code associated with the geolocation of the UE does not match at least one geolocation code associated with the one or more geolocation codes in the received message.

[0021] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, the one or more geolocation codes include mobile country codes (MCCs).

[0022] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, the NPN functionality includes NPN Non-3rd Generation Partner Program Interoperability (N3IWF).

[0023] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, the NPN function identifier includes the NPN N3IWF identifier.

[0024] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, the NPN N3IWF identifier may be a fully qualified domain name (FQDN).

[0025] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, the NPN N3IWF identifier may be an Internet Protocol (IP) address.

[0026] A method for wireless communication at a UE is described. The method may include: determining an NPN function selection for the UE's geographic location independently of interception conditions associated with the geographic location; discovering a set of NPN functions based on the determination; and selecting at least one NPN function from the set of NPN functions for an NPN associated with the UE's geographic location, wherein the UE's geographic location is different from a default geographic location associated with the UE.

[0027] An apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus may include: a processor and a memory coupled to the processor, the processor and the memory being configured to: determine an NPN function selection for a geographic location of the apparatus independent of interception conditions associated with the geographic location; discover a set of NPN functions based on the determination; and select at least one NPN function from the set of NPN functions for an NPN associated with the geographic location of the UE, wherein the geographic location of the UE is different from a default geographic location associated with the UE.

[0028] Another apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus may include components for: determining an NPN function selection for a geographic location of the apparatus, independent of interception conditions associated with that geographic location; discovering a set of NPN functions based on the determination; and selecting at least one NPN function from the set of NPN functions for an NPN associated with that geographic location of the UE, wherein the geographic location of the UE is different from a default geographic location associated with the UE.

[0029] A computer-readable medium is described that stores code for wireless communication at a UE. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to: determine an NPN function selection for a geographic location of the UE, independent of interception conditions associated with that geographic location; discover a set of NPN functions based on the determination; and select at least one NPN function from the set of NPN functions for an NPN associated with that geographic location of the UE, wherein the geographic location of the UE is different from a default geographic location associated with the UE.

[0030] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for receiving a message that includes an indication for selecting an NPN function for the geographic location of the UE that can be independent of the interception conditions associated with the geographic location, wherein selecting at least one NPN function from the set of NPN functions for the NPN associated with the geographic location of the UE can be based on the received message including the indication.

[0031] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for: determining a domain name associated with the geographic location of the UE, wherein a query operation can be performed using the domain name associated with the geographic location of the UE, and the NPN function set can be discovered based on the query operation performed.

[0032] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, the query operation includes a Domain Name System (DNS) Naming Authority Pointer (NAPTR) query operation.

[0033] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for receiving a set of records based on the query operation performed, the set of records relating to the domain name associated with the geographic location of the UE, wherein selecting at least one NPN function from the set of NPN functions for the NPN associated with the geographic location of the UE may be based on at least one record in the set of records.

[0034] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, the record set includes a set of network identifiers associated with the PLMN set.

[0035] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, the record set includes an indication that the NPN function selection for the UE at that geographic location can be independent of the interception conditions associated with that geographic location.

[0036] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, the record set includes a list of standalone NPNs (SNPNs), and the selection of at least one NPN function from the set of NPN functions for the NPN associated with the geographic location of the UE may be based on the SNPN list.

[0037] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, the record set includes a NAPTR record set.

[0038] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, the domain name includes FQDN.

[0039] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for receiving a message including an NPN list that is independent of the interception condition associated with the geographic location, wherein selecting at least one NPN function from the set of NPN functions for the NPN associated with the geographic location of the UE may be based on the NPN list that is independent of the interception condition.

[0040] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, the interception condition includes a locally valid interception condition associated with the geographic location of the UE.

[0041] A method for wireless communication at a UE is described. The method may include: providing a first indication of at least one SNPN function in the SNPN functions, or a second indication of an NPN, or both the first indication and the second indication for a query operation; discovering a set of NPN functions based on the query operation; and selecting at least one NPN function in the set of NPN functions based on an NPN function selection determined to be a geographic location of the UE, independent of interception conditions associated with that geographic location.

[0042] An apparatus for wireless communication at a UE is described. The apparatus may include: a processor and a memory coupled to the processor, the processor and memory being configured to: provide a first indication of at least one SNPN function among SNPN functions, or a second indication of an NPN, or both the first and second indications for a query operation; discover a set of NPN functions based on the query operation; and select at least one NPN function from the set of NPN functions based on an NPN function selection determined to be a geographic location of the UE, independent of interception conditions associated with that geographic location.

[0043] Another apparatus for wireless communication at a UE is described. The apparatus may include components for: providing a first indication of at least one SNPN function, or a second indication of an NPN, or both of the first and second indications, for a query operation; discovering a set of NPN functions based on the query operation; and selecting at least one NPN function from the set of NPN functions independently of interception conditions associated with the geographic location, based on an NPN function selection determined to be the geographic location of the UE.

[0044] A computer-readable medium is described that stores code for wireless communication at a UE. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to: provide a first indication of at least one SNPN function in the SNPN functions, or a second indication of an NPN, or both the first and second indications for a query operation; discover a set of NPN functions based on the query operation; and select at least one NPN function in the set of NPN functions based on an NPN function selection determined to be a geographic location of the UE, independent of interception conditions associated with that geographic location.

[0045] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses and computer-readable media described herein, the query operation may be performed using the domain name of the geographic location of the UE, wherein the geographic location of the UE may be different from the default geographic location associated with the UE.

[0046] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for generating the domain name using a set of tags, wherein the domain name includes an FQDN.

[0047] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, the first label in this set of labels includes an NPN function identifier.

[0048] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, the first tag in the tag set includes a PLMN identifier and a network identifier associated with the SNPN.

[0049] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, the second label in this set of labels includes the SNPN identifier.

[0050] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, the third tag in the tag set includes a geographic location code that identifies the geographic location in which the UE can be located.

[0051] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, the geographic location code includes an MCC.

[0052] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, the fourth tag in the tag set includes a geographic location code that identifies the visited geographic location of the UE.

[0053] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, one or more NAPTR records associated with the domain name of the geographic location include a set of network identifiers associated with a set of PLMNs.

[0054] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for selecting a packet gateway based on the set of network identifiers associated with the PLMN set.

[0055] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for determining, based on the query results of the query operation, that the NPN function selection for the geographic location of the UE can be independent of the interception conditions associated with that geographic location.

[0056] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, the query result includes a set of records that includes service instances associated with an FQDN that includes a set of query tags.

[0057] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, the query operation includes a DNSNAPTR query operation.

[0058] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, the interception condition includes a locally valid interception condition associated with the geographic location of the UE.

[0059] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, the selection is based on issuing an emergency call.

[0060] A method for wireless communication at a base station is described. The method may include: receiving a first indication of an SNPN, or a second indication of an NPN, or both the first and second indications; determining an NPN function set based on a query operation; and providing the NPN function set.

[0061] An apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus may include: a processor, and a memory coupled to the processor, the processor and the memory being configured to: receive a first indication of an SNPN, or a second indication of an NPN, or both the first and second indications; determine an NPN function set based on a query operation; and provide the NPN function set.

[0062] Another apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus may include components for: receiving a first indication of an SNPN, or a second indication of an NPN, or both the first and second indications; determining an NPN function set based on a query operation; and providing the NPN function set.

[0063] A computer-readable medium is described that stores code for wireless communication at a base station. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to: receive a first indication of an SNPN, or a second indication of an NPN, or both the first and second indications; determine a set of NPN functions based on a polling operation; and provide the set of NPN functions.

[0064] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, the NPN feature set includes NPN N3IWF.

[0065] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, the query operation includes a DNSNAPTR query operation. Attached Figure Description

[0066] Figure 1 and Figure 2 An example of a wireless communication system according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is illustrated.

[0067] Figure 3 and Figure 4 A block diagram of an apparatus according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown.

[0068] Figure 5 A block diagram of a UE communication manager according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown.

[0069] Figure 6 A diagram of a system including devices according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown.

[0070] Figure 7 and Figure 8 A block diagram of an apparatus according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown.

[0071] Figure 9 A block diagram of a base station communication manager according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown.

[0072] Figure 10 A diagram of a system including devices according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown.

[0073] Figures 11 to 14 A flowchart illustrating one or more aspects of a method according to this disclosure is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0074] Some wireless communication systems may include communication equipment, such as UEs and base stations, capable of supporting multiple radio access technologies, such as eNodeBs (eNBs), next-generation NodeBs, or giga-NodeBs (any of which may be referred to as gNBs). Examples of radio access technologies include 4G systems such as LTE systems and 5G systems, which may be referred to as NR systems. UEs may belong to a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN), which may be a Home Public Land Mobile Network (HPLMN) or a Visited Public Land Mobile Network (VPLMN). A PLMN may be a geographic area (e.g., a country) covered by a mobile operator to provide various wireless communication services (e.g., voice and data services) to communication equipment.

[0075] In some examples, each public network can be identified by a Mobile Country Code (MCC). The HPLMN can be identified using various identifiers for the UE. In some cases, the UE can roam to different geographic regions (e.g., different countries). The UE can attach to a roaming network, which can be referred to as an access network. In one example, when connected to an access network, the UE can register to and connect to a separate Non-Public Network (SNPN) to access SNPN services. For example, a UE connected to an access network might want to register with a specific company's network, which is a non-public network. In some examples, registering with a non-public network while connected to an access network can be challenging due to various legal requirements. For example, in some cases, a country might require that non-public networks be available via the country's PLMN. If a country has this requirement, and the company's network is not available via the country's public network, then a UE accessing that country will not be able to select and register with that company's non-public network.

[0076] In some examples, as the demand for communication efficiency increases, the UE can provide highly reliable and low-latency wireless communication by assuming that a non-public network has an agreement with a country where laws mandate that the non-public network be available via a public network, as described herein. The UE can be configured to receive a message including a code identifying the country. The UE can determine whether the code matches the code of the country where the UE is located. If the codes match, the UE uses the identifier of the non-public network to select a non-public network in the UE's home country. Alternatively, when the codes do not match because the UE is located in another country, the UE can use both the identifier of the home network and the identifier of the non-public network to select a non-public network in the UE's home country. While various aspects of this disclosure are described with reference to legal requirements for managing wireless communication over a private wireless network (e.g., local legal interception requirements), it should be recognized that other requirements for managing wireless communication over a private wireless network (e.g., based on the service requested by the UE, authorization of the service requested by the UE, availability of the network providing the service requested by the UE, etc.) and modifications can be implemented without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0077] Aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to achieve one or more of the following potential improvements. The technology employed by the UE can provide benefits and enhancements to the operation of the UE. In some examples, the operation performed by the UE can provide improvements to wireless communication. In some other examples, configuring the UE to manage wireless communication over a private wireless network by improving gateway selection for that private wireless network can support improvements in power consumption, spectral efficiency, and in some examples, can facilitate highly reliable and low-latency wireless communication, as well as other benefits.

[0078] The aspects of this disclosure are initially described in the context of wireless communication systems. These aspects are further illustrated and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts relating to managing wireless communication over a private wireless network by improving gateway selection for the private wireless network.

[0079] Figure 1 An example of a wireless communication system 100 according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is illustrated. The wireless communication system 100 may include one or more base stations 105, one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an LTE-A Advanced (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, or a New Radio (NR) network. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may support enhanced broadband communication, ultra-reliable (e.g., mission-critical) communication, low latency communication, communication with low-cost and low-complexity devices, or any combination thereof.

[0080] Base stations 105 can be distributed throughout a geographical area to form a wireless communication system 100, and can be devices of different forms or with different capabilities. Base stations 105 and UE 115 can communicate wirelessly via one or more communication links 125. Each base station 105 can provide a coverage area 110, over which UE 115 and base station 105 can establish one or more communication links 125. Coverage area 110 can be an example of a geographical area over which base stations 105 and UE 115 can support signal communication according to one or more radio access technologies.

[0081] UE 115 can be distributed throughout the entire coverage area 110 of the wireless communication system 100, and each UE 115 can be fixed or mobile, or fixed or mobile at different times. UE 115 can be devices in different forms or with different capabilities. Figure 1 The figures illustrate some example UE 115s. The UE 115 described herein is capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as other UE 115s, base station 105, or network equipment (e.g., core network nodes, relay equipment, integrated access and backhaul (IAB) nodes, or other network equipment), such as... Figure 1 As shown.

[0082] Base station 105 may communicate with core network 130, or communicate with each other, or both. For example, base station 105 may interface with core network 130 via one or more backhaul links 120 (e.g., via S1, N2, N3, or other interfaces). Base station 105 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., directly between base stations 105) or indirectly (e.g., via core network 130) or both directly and indirectly via backhaul links 120 (e.g., via X2, Xn, or other interfaces). In some examples, backhaul link 120 may be one or more radio links or include one or more radio links. UE 115 may communicate with core network 130 via communication link 155. One or more of the base stations 105 described herein may include, or may be referred to by those skilled in the art as, base station transceiver, radio base station, access point, radio transceiver, NodeB, eNodeB (eNB), next-generation NodeB or giga-NodeB (any of which may be referred to as gNB), home NodeB, home eNodeB, or other suitable terms.

[0083] UE 115 may include or be referred to as a mobile device, wireless device, remote device, handheld device, or subscriber device, or some other suitable term, wherein "device" may also be referred to as a cell, station, terminal, or client, etc. UE 115 may also include or be referred to as a personal electronic device such as a cellular phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), tablet computer, laptop computer, or personal computer. In some examples, UE 115 may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, Internet of Things (IoT) device, Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, etc., which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances or vehicles, meters, etc. The UE 115 described herein is capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as other UE 115s that may sometimes act as relays, as well as base station 105 and network equipment, including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, etc. Figure 1 As shown.

[0084] UE 115 and base station 105 can wirelessly communicate with each other over one or more carriers via one or more communication links 125. The term "carrier" can refer to a set of radio spectrum resources having a defined physical layer structure for supporting communication link 125. For example, a carrier for communication link 125 may include a portion (e.g., a bandwidth portion (BWP)) of a radio frequency spectrum band operating for a given radio access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR) according to one or more physical layer channels. Each physical layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information), control signaling coordinating operations for the carrier, user data, or other signaling. Wireless communication system 100 can support communication with UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. UE 115 can be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers according to a carrier aggregation configuration. Carrier aggregation can be used for both frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD) component carriers.

[0085] In some examples (e.g., in a carrier aggregation configuration), a carrier may also have acquisition or control signaling to coordinate the operation of other carriers. A carrier may be associated with a frequency channel (e.g., an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number (EARFCN)) and can be located according to a channel grating for discovery by UE 115. A carrier may operate in standalone mode, where initial acquisition and connection can be performed by UE 115 via the carrier, or the carrier may operate in non-standalone mode, where different carriers (e.g., the same or different radio access technologies) are used to anchor the connection.

[0086] The communication link 125 shown in the wireless communication system 100 may include uplink transmission from UE 115 to base station 105, or downlink transmission from base station 105 to UE 115. A carrier may carry either downlink or uplink communication (e.g., in FDD mode), or may be configured to carry both downlink and uplink communication (e.g., in TDD mode). A carrier may be associated with a specific bandwidth of the radio frequency spectrum, and in some examples, the carrier bandwidth may be referred to as the carrier or the “system bandwidth” of the wireless communication system 100. For example, the carrier bandwidth may be one of several defined bandwidths (e.g., 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, or 80 MHz) of a carrier used for a particular radio access technology. Devices of the wireless communication system 100 (e.g., base station 105, UE 115, or both) may have a hardware configuration that supports communication over a specific carrier bandwidth, or may be configured to support communication over one set of carrier bandwidths. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may include a base station 105 or a UE 115 that supports simultaneous communication via carriers associated with multiple carrier bandwidths. In some examples, each served UE 115 may be configured to operate on a portion (e.g., subband, BWP) or all of the carrier bandwidth.

[0087] The signal waveform transmitted via a carrier can consist of multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques, such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform extended OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM)). In a system employing MCM, a resource element can consist of a symbol period (e.g., the duration of a modulation symbol) and a subcarrier, where the symbol period and subcarrier spacing are inversely related. The number of bits carried by each resource element can depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the coding rate of the modulation scheme, or both). Therefore, the more resource elements the UE 115 receives and the higher the order of the modulation scheme, the higher the data rate that can be used for the UE 115. Wireless communication resources can refer to a combination of radio spectrum resources, temporal resources, and spatial resources (e.g., spatial layers or beams), and the use of multiple spatial layers can further improve the data rate or data integrity for communication with the UE 115.

[0088] One or more parameter sets (numerologies) for a carrier can be supported, where the parameter set may include subcarrier spacing (Δf) and cyclic prefix. A carrier can be divided into one or more BWPs with the same or different parameter sets. In some examples, UE 115 can be configured with multiple BWPs. In some examples, a single BWP for a carrier can be active at a given time, and communication for UE 115 can be restricted to one or more active BWPs. The time interval for base station 105 or UE 115 can be expressed as a multiple of a basic time unit, such as T... s =1 / (Δf) max ·N f The sampling period is ) seconds, where Δf max This can represent the maximum supported subcarrier spacing, and N f This can represent the maximum supported Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) size. The time intervals of communication resources can be organized according to radio frames, each with a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms)). Each radio frame can be identified by a System Frame Number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023).

[0089] Each frame may include multiple consecutively numbered subframes or time slots, and each subframe or time slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may be divided (e.g., in the time domain) into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into multiple time slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable number of time slots, and the number of time slots may depend on the subcarrier spacing. Each time slot may include multiple symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix preceding each symbol period). In some wireless communication systems 100, time slots may be further divided into multiple time slots containing one or more symbols. In addition to the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may contain one or more (e.g., N) symbols. f (Number) sampling periods. The duration of a symbol period can depend on the subcarrier spacing or frequency band of the operation. A subframe, time slot, smaller time slot, or symbol can be the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communication system 100 (e.g., in the time domain) and can be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI). In some examples, the duration of the TTI (e.g., the number of symbol periods in the TTI) can be variable. Additionally or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communication system 100 can be dynamically selected (e.g., in a burst of shortened TTIs (sTTIs)).

[0090] Physical channels can be multiplexed on a carrier using various techniques. For example, one or more of Time Division Multiplexing (TDM), Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques can be used to multiplex physical control channels and physical data channels on a downlink carrier. A control region (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET)) for physical control channels can be defined by the number of symbol periods and can extend across the system bandwidth or a subset of the system bandwidth of the carrier. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) can be configured for a set of UEs 115. For example, one or more UEs 115 can monitor or search for control regions for control information based on one or more search space sets, and each search space set can include one or more control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. The aggregation level for control channel candidates can refer to the number of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs)) associated with coded information for a control information format having a given payload size. The search space set may include a common search space set configured to send control information to multiple UEs 115 and a UE-specific search space set configured to send control information to a specific UE 115.

[0091] Each base station 105 may provide communication coverage via one or more cells (e.g., macro cells, small cells, hotspots, or other types of cells, or any combination thereof). The term "cell" may refer to a logical communication entity used to communicate with base station 105 (e.g., over a carrier) and may be associated with an identifier used to distinguish neighboring cells (e.g., Physical Cell Identifier (PCID), Virtual Cell Identifier (VCID), or others). In some examples, a cell may also refer to a geographic coverage area 110 or a portion of geographic coverage area 110 (e.g., a sector) over which the logical communication entity operates. Depending on various factors such as the capabilities of base station 105, the extent of these cells can range from smaller areas (e.g., structures, subsets of structures) to larger areas. For example, a cell may be or include buildings, subsets of buildings, or external space between or overlapping geographic coverage areas 110.

[0092] Macro cells cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., a radius of several kilometers) and can allow UE 115 to utilize service subscriptions from network providers that support macro cells for unrestricted access. In contrast, small cells can be associated with a lower-power base station 105 and can operate in the same or different (e.g., licensed, unlicensed) frequency bands as macro cells. Small cells can provide unrestricted access to UE 115 with service subscriptions to network providers, or restricted access to UE 115 associated with a small cell (e.g., UE 115 in a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG), or UE 115 associated with a user in a home or office). Base station 105 can support one or more cells and can also support communication over one or more cells using one or more component carriers. In some examples, carriers can support multiple cells and different cells can be configured based on different protocol types that can provide access to different types of devices (e.g., MTC, Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB)).

[0093] In some examples, base station 105 may be mobile, and thus provide communication coverage for mobile geographic coverage areas 110. In some examples, different geographic coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas 110 may be supported by the same base station 105. In other examples, overlapping geographic coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may be supported by different base stations 105. Wireless communication system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network, in which different types of base stations 105 use the same or different radio access technologies to provide coverage for various geographic coverage areas 110.

[0094] The wireless communication system 100 can support synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronous operation, base stations 105 can have similar frame timing, and transmissions from different base stations 105 can be approximately time-aligned. For asynchronous operation, base stations 105 can have different frame timing, and in some examples, transmissions from different base stations 105 may not be time-aligned. The techniques described herein can be used for both synchronous and asynchronous operation.

[0095] Some UE 115 devices (such as MTC or IoT devices) can be low-cost or low-complexity devices and can provide automated communication between machines (e.g., via machine-to-machine (M2M) communication). M2M communication or MTC can refer to data communication technologies that allow devices to communicate with each other or with base station 105 without human intervention. In some examples, M2M communication or MTC can include communication from a device that integrates sensors or meters to measure or capture information and relay such information to a central server or application that uses the information or presents it to people interacting with the application. Some UE 115 devices can be designed to collect information or enable automated behavior of machines or other devices. Examples of applications for MTC devices include smart metering, inventory monitoring, water level monitoring, equipment monitoring, healthcare monitoring, wildlife monitoring, weather and geological event monitoring, fleet management and tracking, remote security sensing, physical access control, and transaction-based service charging.

[0096] Some UE 115s can be configured to operate in a power-saving mode, such as half-duplex communication (e.g., a mode that supports unidirectional communication via transmission or reception, but not simultaneous transmission and reception). In some examples, half-duplex communication can be performed at a reduced peak rate. Other power-saving techniques for UE 115s include entering a power-saving deep sleep mode when not engaged in active communication, operating over limited bandwidth (e.g., according to narrowband communication), or a combination of these techniques. For example, some UE 115s can be configured to operate using a narrowband protocol type associated with a defined portion or range (e.g., a set of subcarriers or resource blocks (RBs)) within a carrier, within a carrier's guard band, or outside a carrier.

[0097] Wireless communication system 100 can be configured to support ultra-reliable communication or low latency communication, or various combinations thereof. For example, wireless communication system 100 can be configured to support ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC) or mission-critical communication. UE 115 can be designed to support ultra-reliable, low latency, or mission-critical functions (e.g., mission-critical functions). Ultra-reliable communication can include private or group communication and can be supported by one or more mission-critical services (such as mission-critical keypad calling (MCPTT), mission-critical video (MCVideo), or mission-critical data (MCData)). Support for mission-critical functions can include service prioritization, and mission-critical services can be used for public safety or general business applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low latency, mission-critical, and ultra-reliable low latency are used interchangeably herein.

[0098] In some examples, UE 115 is also able to communicate directly with other UE 115 via device-to-device (D2D) communication link 135 (e.g., using peer-to-peer (P2P) or D2D protocols). One or more UE 115s utilizing D2D communication can be within the geographic coverage area 110 of base station 105. Other UE 115s in this group can be outside the geographic coverage area 110 of base station 105, or cannot otherwise receive transmissions from base station 105. In some examples, the group of UE 115s communicating via D2D communication can utilize a one-to-many (1:M) system, where each UE 115 transmits to every other UE 115 in the group. In some examples, base station 105 facilitates resource scheduling for D2D communication. In other cases, D2D communication is performed between UE 115s without the involvement of base station 105.

[0099] In some systems, the D2D communication link 135 may be an example of a communication channel (such as a sidelink communication channel) between vehicles (e.g., UE 115). In some examples, vehicles may communicate using vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, or some combination of these communications. Vehicles may signal information related to traffic conditions, signal control, weather, safety, emergencies, or any other information relevant to the V2X system. In some examples, vehicles in a V2X system may communicate via vehicle-to-network (V2N) communication through one or more network nodes (e.g., base station 105) with roadside infrastructure such as roadside units, or with the network, or with both.

[0100] Core network 130 can provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. Core network 130 can be an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC), and can include at least one control plane entity (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME), access and mobility management function (AMF)) managing access and mobility, and at least one user plane entity routing packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW), a packet data network (PDN) gateway (P-GW), or a user plane function (UPF)). The control plane entity can manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions associated with core network 130 for UE 115 served by base station 105, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management. User IP packets can be delivered through the user plane entity, which can provide IP address allocation and other functions. This user plane entity can be connected to the network operator's IP service 150. The operator's IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, (multiple) intranets, IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), or packet-switched streaming services.

[0101] Some network devices, such as base station 105, may include sub-components such as access network entity 140, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC). Each access network entity 140 may communicate with UE 115 through one or more other access network transmission entities 145, which may be referred to as a radio head, smart radio head, or transmit / receive point (TRP). Each access network transmission entity 145 may include one or more antenna panels. In some configurations, the various functions of each access network entity 140 or base station 105 may be distributed across various network devices (e.g., radio heads and ANCs) or combined into a single network device (e.g., base station 105).

[0102] Wireless communication system 100 can operate using one or more frequency bands in the range of 300 MHz to 300 GHz. The region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is referred to as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelength ranges from approximately 1 decimeter to 1 meter. UHF waves can be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features, but the waves can penetrate sufficiently into structures used for macrocells to provide service to UE 115 located indoors. Compared to transmissions using smaller frequencies and longer waves in the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portions of the spectrum below 300 MHz, UHF wave transmission can be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than 100 km).

[0103] The wireless communication system 100 can also operate in the ultra-high frequency (SHF) region (also known as the centimeter band) using a frequency band from 3 GHz to 30 GHz, or in the extremely high frequency (EHF) region of the spectrum (e.g., from 30 GHz to 300 GHz) (also known as the millimeter band). In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 can support millimeter-wave (mmW) communication between the UE 115 and the base station 105, and the EHF antennas of the individual devices can be smaller and more closely spaced than UHF antennas. In some examples, this can facilitate the use of antenna arrays within the device. However, the propagation of EHF transmissions may suffer even greater atmospheric attenuation and a shorter range than SHF or UHF transmissions. The techniques disclosed herein can be employed in transmissions using one or more different frequency regions, and the designated use of frequency bands across these frequency regions can vary by country or regulatory body.

[0104] Wireless communication system 100 can utilize both licensed and unlicensed radio spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communication system 100 can employ Licensed Assisted Access (LAA), LTE Unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or NR technology in unlicensed bands such as the 5 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band. When operating in unlicensed radio frequency spectrum bands, devices such as base station 105 and UE 115 can employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some examples, operation in unlicensed bands can be combined with component carriers operating in licensed bands based on carrier aggregation configurations (e.g., LAA). Operation in unlicensed spectrum can include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, etc.

[0105] Base station 105 or UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas, which can be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication, or beamforming. The antennas of base station 105 or UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which can support MIMO operation or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be located together at an antenna assembly such as an antenna tower. In some examples, the antennas or antenna arrays associated with base station 105 may be located in different geographical locations. Base station 105 may have an antenna array with multiple rows and columns of antenna ports, which base station 105 can use to support beamforming for communication with UE 115. Similarly, UE 115 may have one or more antenna arrays, which can support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally or alternatively, antenna panels may support radio frequency beamforming for signals transmitted via antenna ports.

[0106] Base station 105 or UE 115 can use MIMO communication to leverage multipath signal propagation and improve spectral efficiency by transmitting or receiving multiple signals via different spatial layers. This technique can be referred to as spatial multiplexing. For example, multiple signals can be transmitted by a transmitting device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Similarly, multiple signals can be received by a receiving device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Each of the multiple signals can be referred to as a separate spatial stream and can carry bits associated with the same data stream (e.g., the same codeword) or different data streams (e.g., different codewords). Different spatial layers can be associated with different antenna ports used for channel measurement and reporting. MIMO techniques include single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO) in which multiple spatial layers are transmitted to the same receiving device and multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) in which multiple spatial layers are transmitted to multiple devices.

[0107] Beamforming (also known as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception) is a signal processing technique that can be used at a transmitting or receiving device (e.g., base station 105, UE 115) to shape or manipulate antenna beams (e.g., transmit beams, receive beams) along a spatial path between the transmitting and receiving devices. Beamforming can be achieved by combining signals communicating via antenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagating relative to the antenna array in a particular orientation experience constructive interference, while other signals experience destructive interference. Adjustment of signals communicating via antenna elements can include the transmitting or receiving device applying amplitude offset, phase offset, or both to the signals carried via the antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustment associated with each antenna element can be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a specific direction (e.g., relative to the antenna array of the transmitting or receiving device, or relative to some other direction).

[0108] Base station 105 or UE 115 may use beam scanning technology as part of beamforming operations. For example, base station 105 may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays (e.g., antenna panels) to perform beamforming operations for directional communication with UE 115. Some signals (e.g., synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) may be transmitted multiple times by base station 105 in different directions. For example, base station 105 may transmit signals according to different beamforming weight sets associated with different transmission directions. Transmissions in different beam directions may be used to identify (e.g., by a transmitting device such as base station 105, or by a receiving device such as UE 115) the beam direction for later transmission or reception by base station 105.

[0109] Some signals, such as data signals associated with a specific receiving device, may be transmitted by base station 105 in a single beam direction (e.g., the direction associated with a receiving device such as UE 115). In some examples, the beam direction associated with transmission along a single beam direction may be determined based on the signals transmitted in one or more beam directions. For example, UE 115 may receive one or more signals transmitted by base station 105 in different directions and may report to base station 105 an indication of the signals received by UE 115 with the highest or acceptable signal quality.

[0110] In some examples, multiple beam directions can be used to perform transmissions by a device (e.g., base station 105 or UE 115), and the device can use a combination of digital precoding or radio frequency beamforming to generate a combined beam for (e.g., from base station 105 to UE 115) transmissions. UE 115 can report feedback indicating precoding weights for one or more beam directions, and this feedback can correspond to a configured number of beams across the system bandwidth or one or more sub-bands. Base station 105 can transmit reference signals (e.g., cell-specific reference signals (CRS), channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS)), which can be precoded or unprecoded. UE 115 can provide feedback for beam selection, which can be a precoded matrix indicator (PMI) or codebook-based feedback (e.g., multi-panel type codebook, linear combination type codebook, port selection type codebook). Although these techniques are described with reference to signals transmitted by base station 105 in one or more directions, UE 115 may employ similar techniques to transmit signals multiple times in different directions (e.g., to identify the beam direction subsequently transmitted or received by UE 115) or to transmit signals in a single direction (e.g., to transmit data to a receiving device).

[0111] When receiving various signals such as synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals from base station 105, the receiving device (e.g., UE 115) can attempt multiple receiving configurations (e.g., directional listening). For example, the receiving device can attempt multiple receiving directions by receiving via different antenna subarrays, by processing the received signals according to different antenna subarrays, by receiving according to different sets of receiving beamforming weights applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of the antenna array (e.g., different sets of directional listening weights), or by processing the received signals according to different sets of receiving beamforming weights applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of the antenna array (any of which can be referred to as "listening") based on different receiving configurations or receiving directions. In some examples, the receiving device can use a single receiving configuration to receive along a single beam direction (e.g., when receiving data signals). The single receiving configuration can be aligned in a beam direction determined based on listening according to different receiving configuration directions (e.g., beam directions determined to have the highest signal strength, the highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), or other acceptable signal quality based on listening according to multiple beam directions).

[0112] The wireless communication system 100 can be a packet-based network operating according to a layered protocol stack. In the user plane, communication at the bearer or packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer can be IP-based. The radio link control (RLC) layer can perform packet segmentation and reassembly for communication over logical channels. The media access control (MAC) layer can perform priority processing and multiplexing logical channels into transport channels. The MAC layer can also use error detection techniques, error correction techniques, or both to support retransmissions at the MAC layer to improve link efficiency. In the control plane, the radio resource control (RRC) protocol layer can provide the establishment, configuration, and maintenance of RRC connections between the UE 115 and the base station 105 or the core network 130 supporting user plane data radio bearers. At the physical layer, transport channels can be mapped to physical channels.

[0113] UE 115 may include a UE communication manager 101, which can provide highly reliable and low-latency wireless communication by assuming a non-public network has an agreement with a country where laws mandate that the non-public network be available via the country's public network, as described herein. The UE communication manager 101 may be as follows: Figures 3 to 6Examples of aspects of the UE communication manager described herein. Similarly, base station 105 may include base station communication manager 102, which can provide highly reliable and low-latency wireless communication by assuming an agreement between a non-public network and a state where laws mandate that the non-public network be available via the state's public network, as described herein. Base station communication manager 102 may be as follows: Figures 7 to 10 Examples of aspects of the base station communication manager described in [the document].

[0114] As an example, UE 115 and base station 105 can support data retransmission to increase the likelihood of successful data reception. Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) feedback is a technique used to increase the likelihood of correct data reception over communication link 125. HARQ can include a combination of error detection (e.g., using Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)), forward error correction (FEC), and retransmission (e.g., Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ)). HARQ can improve throughput at the MAC layer under poor radio conditions (e.g., low signal-to-noise ratio conditions). In some examples, the device can support HARQ feedback in the same time slot, where the device can provide HARQ feedback in a specific time slot for data received in a previous symbol within that time slot. In other cases, the device can provide HARQ feedback in subsequent time slots or according to certain other time intervals.

[0115] UE 115 may belong to a PLMN, which can be an HPLMN or a VPLMN. A PLMN can be a geographic area (e.g., a country) covered by a mobile operator to provide various wireless communication services (e.g., voice and data services) to UE 115. Each public network can be identified by an MCC. HPLMNs can be identified using various identifiers of UE 115. In some cases, UE 115 may roam to different geographic areas (e.g., different countries). UE 115 may attach to a roaming network, which may be referred to as an access network. When connected to an access network, UE 115 may need to register and connect to an SNPN to access SNPN services. For example, a UE 115 connected to an access network may want to register to a specific company's network, which is a non-public network. Registering to a non-public network while connected to an access network can be challenging due to various legal requirements.

[0116] For example, a country may require that non-public networks be available via its PLMN. If a country has this requirement, and a company's network cannot be selected via a public network in that country, then UE 115 accessing that country will not be able to select and register with the company's non-public network. UE 115 can be configured to receive a message including a code identifying the country. UE 115 can determine whether this code matches the code of the country where UE 115 is located. If the code matches, UE 115 uses the identifier of the non-public network to select a non-public network in UE 115's home country. Alternatively, when the code does not match because UE 115 is located in another country, UE 115 will use both the identifier of the home network and the identifier of the non-public network to select a non-public network in UE 115's home country.

[0117] Figure 2 An example of a wireless communication system 200 according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is illustrated. The wireless communication system 200 may support a variety of radio access technologies, including 4G systems such as LTE, LTE-A, or LTE-A Pro systems, and 5G systems, which may be referred to as NR systems. The wireless communication system 200 may implement aspects of the wireless communication system 100. For example, the wireless communication system 200 may include a UE 115-a, which may be an example of the UE 115 described herein. UE 115-a may be a SNPN-enabled UE. The wireless communication system 200 may also include a radio access network (RAN) 205, a serving PLMN 210 associated with geographic location 215, a user plane function (UPF) 220, an SNPN 225 associated with geographic location 230, an SNPN N3IWF 235, and a data network 240.

[0118] In some examples, wireless communication system 200 may be an NPN, which may be a 5G system (5GS) deployed for non-public wireless communication. The NPN may be, for example, SNPN 225, which may be operated by the NPN operator and may not rely on network functions of the PLMN. Network functions may be logical nodes within network infrastructure (e.g., such as wireless communication system 200) that have various functions related to, for example, subscriber sessions (e.g., session establishment, modification, and release), security, and access management and authorization. Non-public network functions may be logical nodes not provided by the PLMN and deployed for non-public use in a non-public network. Public network functions may be logical nodes provided by the PLMN and deployed for public use in a public network. Alternatively, the NPN may be a Public Network Integrated NPN (PNI-NPN), which may be an NPN deployed with PLMN support. The SNPN and PLMN may share a RAN, such as RAN 205. UE 115-a may identify the SNPN using a PLMN identifier (ID) or a network identifier (NID), or both, such as SNPN 225. In some examples, the PLMN ID may not be unique for the SNPN.

[0119] RAN 205 (e.g., Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN)) can provide access to an SNPN (such as SNPN 225) by broadcasting various system information to UE 115-a. In some examples, RAN 205 may broadcast one or more PLMN IDs. In some other examples, RAN 205 may broadcast a list of network identifiers (NIDs) for each PLMN ID that identifies the NPN to which RAN 205 provides access. In other examples, RAN 205 may broadcast host names (e.g., human-readable network names) by NID. UE 115-a can also provide RAN 205 with information such as resource requirements for service, service priority, and other information that RAN 205 can use to select a data network (such as data network 240) to provide service.

[0120] A SNPN-enabled UE, such as UE 115-a, can be configured with a Subscriber Permanent Identifier (SUPI) and a certificate for each subscribed SNPN identified by a PLMNID or NID, or both. UE 115-a can identify a subscriber of an SNPN, such as SNPN 225, using a user identification technology based on the NAI RFC (e.g., NAI RFC 7542), which includes a network-specific identifier corresponding to the Network Access Identifier (NAI). The domain portion of the NAI may include the SNPN's NID. Alternatively, UE 115-a can identify a subscriber of an SNPN, at least in part, based on a SUPI that includes an International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI). The IMSI can be a unique identifier assigned to UE 115-a and may include the MCC, Mobile Network Code (MNC), and Mobile Subscriber Identifier Number (MSIN). A SNPN-enabled UE, such as UE 115-a, can thus support SNPN access mode. When UE115-a is configured to operate in SNPN access mode, UE115-a can exclusively select and register with SNPN, such as SNPN 225, through the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) air interface (e.g., Uu interface).

[0121] UE 115-a can identify a list of available PLMN IDs and available NIDs from broadcast system information and select a PLMN based at least in part on the list of available PLMN IDs and available NIDs identified from the broadcast system information. In some examples, for automatic network selection, UE 115-a can select and attempt to register with an available SNPN (such as SNPN 225) identified by the PLMN ID and NID with which UE 115-a has a SUPI and certificate. If multiple SNPNs with corresponding SUPIs and certificates are available to UE 115-a, UE 115-a can select an SNPN based at least in part on UE capabilities or UE configuration. Alternatively, for manual network selection, UE 115-a can provide a list of SNPNs, where each SNPN is identified by the PLMN ID and NID and the hostname (e.g., an associated human-readable name, if available) of an available SNPN with corresponding SUPIs and certificates for UE 115-a. When UE 115-a performs a registration process (e.g., initial registration with an SNPN such as SNPN 225), UE 115-a may indicate the selected NID and corresponding PLMN ID to RAN 205 (e.g., NG-RAN). RAN 205 may then notify the Access Management Function (AMF) of the selected PLMN ID and NID.

[0122] To access PLMN services, UE 115-a can use the PLMN's certificate, which assumes the role of an untrusted non-3GPP access SNPN (e.g., SNPN 225), to perform another registration with the PLMN via the SNPN user plane. For example, UE 115-a can perform another registration while operating in SNPN access mode and at least in part based on UE 115-a's successful registration with the SNPN (e.g., SNPN 225). Alternatively, to access SNPN services, UE 115-a can use the SNPN's certificate, at least in part based on successful registration with the PLMN over 3GPP access, to perform another registration with the SNPN via the PLMN user plane, where the PLMN assumes the role of an untrusted non-3GPP access SNPN (i.e., the process of using untrusted non-3GPP access). UPF 220 may include user plane functionality. For example, UPF 220 may additionally or alternatively support packet routing and forwarding, packet inspection, quality of service (QoS) flow processing, act as an external protocol data unit session point for interconnection to data network 240, and act as an anchor point for intra-radio access technology mobility and inter-radio access technology mobility.

[0123] In some examples, the serving PLMN 210 can be either the HPLMN or VPLMN for UE 115-a. UE 115-a can be configured to select N3IWF. The HPLMN can be configured for UE 115-a using various information. In some examples, the HPLMN can be configured for UE 115-a using a packet gateway identifier configuration. In some cases, the packet gateway can be an example of an evolved packet data gateway (ePDG), and the packet gateway identifier configuration can be an example of an ePDG identifier configuration. In some cases, the packet gateway can be an example of a non-3GPP interoperability feature, and the packet gateway identifier configuration can be an example of an N3IWF identifier configuration. The packet gateway identifier configuration can include an FQDN. The FQDN can define the location of network nodes within the DNS. The FQDN can also allow the DNS to trace the addresses of network nodes, such as servers, through the DNS tree hierarchy to the top-level domain and ultimately to the root name server. In some other examples, the packet gateway identifier configuration can include the IP address of the packet gateway in the HPLMN. HPLMN can configure UE 115-a, at least in part, based on its support for connectivity with a packet gateway and its attempt to select a packet gateway in the wireless communication system 200, using a packet gateway identifier configuration.

[0124] The HPLMN can be configured for UE 115-a using an N3IWF identifier configuration. The N3IWF identifier configuration can include the FQDN or IP address of the N3IWF in the HPLMN. In other examples, the HPLMN can be configured for UE 115-a using non-3GPP access node selection information, which can include a list of PLMNs. In some examples, each PLMN in the PLMN list can be associated with a priority. Each PLMN can also be associated with one or more fields defining parameters. For example, each PLMN can be configured with a preference field that identifies whether a packet gateway or N3IWF is preferred for the corresponding PLMN. Additionally or alternatively, each PLMN can be configured with an FQDN field that identifies whether UE 115-a uses a Tracking and Location Area Identity FQDN or a Carrier Identifier FQDN to discover the address of a packet gateway or N3IWF in the corresponding PLMN. In some examples, the PLMN list can include an HPLMN field and a PLMN entry field that matches the PLMN to which UE 115-a is connected, in addition to the HPLMN. Packet gateway identifier configuration and N3IWF identifier configuration can be optional parameters for UE 115-a. Non-3GPP access node selection information may not be optional and may include at least the HPLMN field and PLMN entry field.

[0125] UE 115-a can determine the selection of a packet gateway in the HPLMN based at least in part on its configured packet gateway identifier. UE 115-a can use the packet gateway identifier configuration to identify the IP address of the packet gateway in the HPLMN and can ignore the FQDN field of the HPLMN in the non-3GPP access node selection information. In some examples, UE 115-a can determine the selection of an N3IWF in the HPLMN based at least in part on its configured N3IWF identifier configuration. UE 115-a can use the N3IWF identifier configuration to identify the IP address of the N3IWF in the HPLMN and can ignore the FQDN field of the HPLMN in the non-3GPP access node selection information.

[0126] UE 115-a can be configured to select an SN N3IWF, such as SNPN N3IWF 235. In some examples, UE 115-a can be configured to select an SN N3IWF based on the selected packet gateway. As part of selecting an SN N3IWF, UE 115-a can determine its Tracking and Location Area Identifier (FQDN) based at least in part on the tracking area where UE 115-a is located. When UE 115-a registers with 5GS, the FQDN can use the 5G System (5GS) Tracking Area Identity (TAI), or when UE 115-a registers with EPS, the FQDN can use the Evolved Packet System (EPS) TAI. In some examples, the Packet Gateway Operator Identifier (OI) FQDN format can be replaced with the N3IWF OI FQDN format. Packet gateway identifier configuration and packet gateway selection information can also be replaced by N3IWF identifier configuration and non-3GPP access node selection information. UE115-a can assign preferences to N3IWFs in all PLMNs independently of preference parameters in non-3GPP access node selection information. In some examples, network slicing information may not be used for N3IWF selection. Therefore, UE 115-a can select the N3IWF deployed in the NPN and access SNPN services via the PLMN by using the configured N3IWF FQDN.

[0127] The N3IWF FQDN can be provided by the home operator or constructed by UE 115-a in OI FQDN or TAI FQDN format. The N3IWF FQDN can be used as input to DNS for N3IWF selection. In some examples, for UE 115-a to access PLMN services via SNPN, UE 115-a operating in SNPN access mode registered to SNPN (e.g., SNPN 225) can use the N3IWF selection procedure. In some examples, UE 115-a can use the TAI from the PLMN to construct a TAI-based N3IWF FQDN. In some examples, UE 115-a can ignore the N3IWF FQDN configured by SNPN (e.g., SNPN 225) for N3IWF selection. In order to access SNPN services via PLMN, an SNPN-enabled UE registered to PLMN can use the configured N3IWF FQDN to select the N3IWF in SNPN (e.g., SNPN 225).

[0128] UE 115-a can be configured to determine whether a visited geographic location (e.g., a visited country) requires N3IWF selection. In some examples, to determine whether N3IWF selection is required for a visited geographic location (e.g., a visited country), UE 115-a can perform a DNS NAPTR lookup using the FQDN of the visited geographic location (e.g., the FQDN of the visited country) via a non-3GPP access network (e.g., RAN 205). Roaming UE 115-a can use the FQDN of the visited geographic location (e.g., the FQDN of the visited country) to determine whether the visited geographic location (e.g., the visited country) requires selection of a packet gateway in the visited geographic location.

[0129] The visited geographic location FQDN can include a geographic location identifier that defines the region where UE 115-a is located. For example, the visited geographic location FQDN can include an MCC that defines the country where UE 115-a is located. The visited geographic location FQDN can include one or more tags that define one or more parameters associated with the wireless communication system 200. For example, the visited country FQDN can include seven tags. The first and second tags can be n31wf.5gc. The third tag can uniquely identify the MCC of the visited country. The last three tags can be pub.3gppnetwork.org. The fourth tag can be visited-country. As a result, the obtained visited country FQDN can be n3iwf.5gc.mcc <mcc>The geographic location identifier in the visited geographic location FQDN can be defined by one or more digits. For example, the decoding of the MCC in the visited geographic location FQDN can be defined by 3 digits. As an example, the visited geographic location FQDN for MCC 345 (e.g., the visited country FQDN) is decoded in DNS as: n3iwf.5gc.mcc345.visited-country.pub.3gppnetwork.org.

[0130] In some examples, if the visited geographic location (e.g., visited country) requires selection of a packet gateway (e.g., ePDG or N3IWF), the NAPTR record associated with the visited geographic location FQDN (e.g., visited country FQDN) can be provided with a replacement field that includes the identity of one or more PLMNs from the geographic location (e.g., visited country) that can be used for packet gateway selection. The replacement field can have a format similar to that of an OI-based packet gateway or an N3IWF FQDN consisting of multiple tags (e.g., at least seven tags). Therefore, the first two tags should be n3iwf.5gc. The third and fourth tags together can identify the PLMN. The last three tags can be pub.3gppnetwork.org. The resulting FQDN can be epdg.epc.mnc. <mnc>.mcc <mcc>.pub.3gppnetwork.org.

[0131] For a geographic location (e.g., a country) with multiple geographic location identifiers (e.g., multiple MCCs), the NAPTR record returned by DNS includes an MCC that is different from the MCC indicated in the visited geographic location FQDN (e.g., the visited country FQDN). As an example, the NAPTR record associated with the visited geographic location FQDN (e.g., the visited country FQDN) for MCC 345, and for the Mobile Network Code (MNC): 012, 013, and 014, can be provided in DNS as N3iwf.5gc.mcc345.visited-country.pub.3gppnetwork.org and: IN NAPTR orderpref.flag service regexp replacement IN NAPTR 100 999""""N3iwf.5gc.mnc012.mcc345.pub.3gppnetwork.org IN NAPTR 100 999""""N3iwf.5gc.mnc013.mcc345.pub.3gppnetwork.org IN NAPTR 100 999""""N3iwf.5gc.mnc014.mcc345.pub.3gppnetwork.org

[0132] If the result of the above query includes the form n3iwf.5gc.mnc <mnc>.mcc <mcc>If a UE 115-a contains a set of one or more records for the service instance name of .pub.3gppnetwork.org, then the UE 115-a can determine the visited geographic location (e.g., visited country) by selecting N3IWF in the visited geographic location command. Otherwise, if no record exists including the form n3iwf.5gc.mnc <mnc>.mcc <mcc>If the service instance name of .pub.3gppnetwork.org is recorded, then UE115-a can determine that the visited geographic location (e.g., the visited country) does not need to select N3IWF.

[0133] Therefore, UE 115-a can access SNPN services using an untrusted, non-3GPP mechanism via SNPN N3IWF 235 in SNPN 225, treating the registered PLMN as an untrusted access. In some examples, UE 115-a may have a subscription to an NPN in its home geographic location (e.g., home country). In some other examples, UE 115-a may have a subscription to an HPLMN and can roam and be served by a VPLMN. In other examples, UE 115-a may use a subscription to a serving PLMN in its service geographic location (e.g., service country) and therefore not roam, but the service geographic location may be different from the home geographic location (e.g., home country) of the NPN. In some examples, there may be no agreement between the NPN and the various VPLMNs.

[0134] The N3IWF selection technology (e.g., algorithm) may have to take into account legal interception (LI) requirements. If the service geolocation (e.g., service country) command requires N3IWF selection in the visited geolocation (e.g., visited country), then in the example above, UE 115-a may not be able to select N3IWF for SNPN in the SNPN's geolocation (e.g., county). As the requirements for accessing SNPN services increase, it may be desirable for UE 115-a to provide improved connectivity to the PLMN to support high reliability and low latency access to SNPN services.

[0135] An NPN can establish (e.g., configure) protocols with one or more VPLMNs in various geographic locations (e.g., various countries), where the LI requirement mandates the selection of an N3IWF in the corresponding service geographic location (e.g., service country), allowing the selection of the NPN's N3IWF in the visited geographic location (e.g., visited country). In some examples, UE 115-a can be configured with a list of SNPN N3IWFs including MCC and NPN N3IWF identifiers. For example, UE 115-a can be configured with an SNPN-N3IWF-List of MCCs and a tuple of NPN N3IWF identifiers. The NPN N3IWF identifier can be an FQDN or an IP address. UE 115-a can also be configured with a Home NPN N3IWF (HomeHPN-N3IWF) identifier.

[0136] UE 115-a can identify its geographic location (e.g., country) and determine whether the identified geographic location is associated with an entry in the SNPN N3IWF list. For example, UE 115-a can determine that the MCC of the identified geographic location matches an MCC entry in the SNPN N3IWF list. That is, UE 115-a can determine that the MCC of the serving country (e.g., the MCC serving the PLMN) matches an MCC entry in the SNPN-N3IWF-List. In some examples, when UE 115-a is located in a geographic location in the SNPN N3IWF list, UE 115-a can use the NPN N3IWF identifier to select an N3IWF and can ignore other operations in the N3IWF selection process, including determining whether an N3IWF must be selected in that geographic location. Alternatively, if UE 115-a is located in a geographic location (e.g., a country) that does not exist in the SNPN-N3IWF-List, then UE 115-a can be configured with a HomeNPN-N3IWF identifier and can continue the N3IWF selection process. UE 115-a can determine whether it is necessary to select N3IWF in the geographic location (e.g., the visited country). If not, then UE 115-a can use the HomeNPN-N3IWF identifier to select N3IWF. Otherwise, UE 115-a can terminate the N3IWF selection process.

[0137] In some other examples, UE 115-a can be configured with a list of geographic locations, where UE 115-a can select the NPN N3IWF from the default geographic location (also known as the home geographic location). In other words, UE 115-a can be configured with a list of countries (e.g., MCC codes), where UE 115-a can select the NPN N3IWF from the home country. If UE 115-a is not located in a geographic location corresponding to one of the configured geographic locations in the geographic location list, UE 115-a can terminate the N3IWF selection process. For example, if UE 115-a is not located in a country corresponding to one of the configured MCC codes, UE 115-a can stop the N3IWF selection process. Otherwise, UE 115-a can use the configured HomeNPN-N3IWF identifier to select the N3IWF.

[0138] UE 115-a can be configured to discover one or more N3IWFs, at least in part, based on the N3IWF discovery process. In some examples, when UE 115-a performs a DNS query to determine whether an N3IWF must be selected for a visited geographic location (e.g., visited country) or can be selected for a default geographic location (e.g., home country), UE 115-a may receive an indication that the selection of the N3IWF for an NPN is not subject to local LI requirements, and therefore UE 115-a may select an N3IWF for an NPN in another geographic location (e.g., another country). UE 115-a may perform a DNS NAPTR query using the visited geographic location FQDN (e.g., visited country FQDN) via a non-3GPP access network. The NAPTR record associated with the visited geographic location FQDN (e.g., visited country FQDN) returned to UE 115-a may be provided with a replacement field that includes the identity of one or more PLMNs in the visited geographic location, which can be used for N3IWF selection. The NAPTR record may also include an indication that the N3IWF selection for the NPN is not subject to local LI requirements.

[0139] In some other examples, when UE 115-a performs a DNS query to determine whether an N3IWF must be selected for the visited geographic location (e.g., the visited country) or can be selected for the default geographic location (e.g., the home country), a list of NPNs exempt from local LI requirements can be provided to UE 115-a, and UE 115-a can select an N3IWF for the NPN in another geographic location (e.g., another country) against this list. UE 115-a can perform a DNS NAPTR query using the FQDN of the visited geographic location (e.g., the visited country FQDN) via a non-3GPP access network. The NAPTR record associated with the FQDN of the visited geographic location returned to UE 115-a can be provided with a replacement field that includes the identity of one or more PLMNs in the visited geographic location. UE 115-a can determine the identifier provided in the replacement field used for N3IWF selection. The NAPTR record may also include a list of SNPNs, and UE 115-a may select an N3IWF for the NPN in another geographic location (e.g., another country) for that SNPN.

[0140] UE 115-a can be configured to transmit a message including an indication that N3IWF discovery is an SNPN N3IWF used in DNS queries. In some examples, UE 115-a can receive a message including an indication that NPN selection of N2IWF is not subject to local LI requirements. UE 115-a can perform DNS NAPTR queries via a non-3GPP access network using the FQDN of the visited geographic location (e.g., the visited country FQDN). UE 115-a can generate the FQDN of the visited geographic location using an MCC that uniquely identifies the geographic location (e.g., the country) of UE 115-a. The visited country FQDN can include seven tags. The first and second tags can be n31wf.snpn. The third tag can uniquely identify the MCC of the visited geographic location (e.g., the visited country). The fourth tag can be the visited country. The last three tags can be pub.3gppnetwork.org. The resulting visited country FQDN can be n3iwf.snpn.mcc <mcc>.visited-country.pub.3gppnetwork.org. If the visited country needs to select N3IWF for the SNPN, the NAPTR record associated with the visited country's FQDN can be provided with replacement fields, which include the identity of one or more PLMNs in the visited country that can be used for packet gateway selection. Otherwise, the query will not return records containing the form n3iwf.5gc.mnc. <mnc>.mcc <mcc>A record of any service instance name in .pub.3gppnetwork.org.

[0141] Alternatively, UE 115-a can be configured to transmit a message including the NPN identifier in a DNS query, and UE 115-a can receive a message including an indication that the selection of the N3IWF for the NPN is not subject to local LI restrictions. UE 115-a can perform DNSNAPTR queries via a non-3GPP access network using the FQDN of the visited geographic location (e.g., the visited country FQDN). UE 115-a can generate the FQDN of the visited geographic location using an MCC that uniquely identifies the geographic location (e.g., the country) of UE 115-a. The visited country FQDN can include eight tags. The first tag can identify the SNPN in the format of PLMN ID and NID. The second and third tags can be n31wf.snpn. The fourth tag can uniquely identify the MCC of the visited country. The fifth tag can identify the visited-country. The last three tags can be pub.3gppnetwork.org. The FQDN of the surveyed country can be: SNPNPLMNIDNID.n3iwf.snpn.mcc <mcc>.visited-country.pub.3gppnetwork.or g. If the UE 115-a indicates in the DNS NAPTR query that the visited country needs to select N3IWF for the SNPN, the NAPTR record associated with the visited country's FQDN can be provided with replacement fields that include the identity of one or more PLMNs in the visited country that can be used for packet gateway selection. Otherwise, the query will not return records containing the form n3iwf.5gc.mnc. <mnc>.mcc <mcc>A record of any service instance name in .pub.3gppnetwork.org.

[0142] In some examples, if the query result contains the form n3iwf.5gc.mnc <mnc>.mcc <mcc>If the query returns a set of one or more records for the service instance name of .pub.3gppnetwork.org, then UE 115-a can determine the visited country and select N3IWF in that country. Otherwise, if the query result does not contain records of the form n3iwf.5gc.mnc <mnc>.mcc <mcc>If the service instance name of .pub.3gppnetwork.org is recorded, then UE 115-a can determine that the visited country does not command the selection of N3IWF in that country.

[0143] Therefore, the wireless communication system 200 can provide benefits and enhancements to the operation of the UE 115-a. In some examples, the operation performed by the UE 115-a can provide improvements to wireless communication within the wireless communication system 200. In some other examples, configuring the UE 115-a to manage wireless communication over a private wireless network by improving gateway selection for the private wireless network can support improvements in power consumption, spectral efficiency, and in some examples, can facilitate highly reliable and low-latency wireless communication, as well as other benefits of the UE 115-a.

[0144] Figure 3 A block diagram 300 of device 305 according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown. Device 305 may be an example of an aspect of UE 115 as described herein. Device 305 may include receiver 310, UE communication manager 315, and transmitter 320. Device 305 may also include a processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0145] Receiver 310 can receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to gateway selection for a private wireless network). This information can be transmitted to other components of device 305. Receiver 310 can be a reference... Figure 6 Examples of aspects of the transceiver 620 described. The receiver 310 can use a single antenna or an array of antennas.

[0146] The UE communication manager 315 may: receive a message including one or more geolocation codes; determine whether a geolocation code associated with the UE's geolocation matches at least one geolocation code in the received message; and select an NPN function based on the determination. The UE communication manager 315 may also: determine the selection of an NPN function for the UE's geolocation independently of interception conditions associated with that geolocation; discover a set of NPN functions based on the determination; and select at least one NPN function from the set of NPN functions for the NPN associated with the UE's geolocation, wherein the UE's geolocation is different from a default geolocation associated with the UE.

[0147] The UE communication manager 315 may also: provide a first indication of at least one SNPN function among the SNPN functions, or a second indication of an NPN, or both the first and second indications, for a query operation; discover a set of NPN functions based on the query operation; and select at least one NPN function in the set of NPN functions independently of interception conditions associated with the geographic location, based on an NPN function selection determined to be the geographic location of the UE. The UE communication manager 315 may be an example of an aspect of the UE communication manager 610 described herein.

[0148] The UE communication manager 315 can be implemented as an integrated circuit or chipset for a modem, and the receiver 310 and transmitter 320 can be implemented as analog components (e.g., amplifiers, filters, antennas, etc.) coupled to the modem to enable wireless transmission and reception for device 305. The UE communication manager 315 described herein can be implemented to achieve one or more potential advantages. Various implementations can achieve power savings for device 305. At least one implementation allows the UE communication manager 315 to efficiently select and connect to a private network using the techniques described herein, thereby reducing power consumption associated with operations related to connecting to the private network.

[0149] The UE communication manager 315 or its sub-components may be implemented in hardware, processor-executable code (e.g., software or firmware), or any combination thereof. If implemented in processor-executable code, the functionality of the UE communication manager 315 or its sub-components may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described in this disclosure.

[0150] The UE communication manager 315 or its sub-components may be physically located in various locations, including being distributed such that portions of the functionality are implemented by one or more physical components in different physical locations. In some examples, the UE communication manager 315 or its sub-components may be separate and distinct components according to various aspects of this disclosure. In some examples, the UE communication manager 315 or its sub-components may be combined with one or more other hardware components according to various aspects of this disclosure, including but not limited to input / output (I / O) components, transceivers, network servers, another computing device, one or more other components described in this disclosure, or combinations thereof.

[0151] Transmitter 320 can transmit signals generated by other components of device 305. In some examples, transmitter 320 can be co-located with receiver 310 in a transceiver module. For example, transmitter 320 can be a reference... Figure 6 Examples of aspects of the transceiver 620 described. The transmitter 320 may utilize a single antenna or an array of antennas.

[0152] Figure 4 A block diagram 400 of device 405 according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown. Device 405 may be an example of an aspect of device 305 or UE 115 as described herein. Device 405 may include receiver 410, UE communication manager 415, and transmitter 445. Device 405 may also include a processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0153] Receiver 410 can receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to gateway selection for a private wireless network). This information can be transmitted to other components of device 405. Receiver 410 can be a reference... Figure 6 Examples of aspects of the transceiver 620 described. The receiver 410 may utilize a single antenna or an array of antennas.

[0154] UE communication manager 415 may be an example of an aspect of UE communication manager 315 described herein. UE communication manager 415 may include message component 420, location component 425, network component 430, discovery component 435, and query component 440. UE communication manager 415 may be an example of an aspect of UE communication manager 610 described herein.

[0155] The message component 420 can receive a message that includes at least one geolocation code. The location component 425 can determine whether the geolocation code associated with the UE's geolocation matches at least one geolocation code in the received message. The network component 430 can select the NPN function based on this determination.

[0156] Network component 430 can determine the NPN function selection for the UE's geographic location independently of the interception conditions associated with that geographic location. Discovery component 435 can discover a set of NPN functions based on this determination, and select at least one NPN function from the set of NPN functions for the NPN associated with the UE's geographic location, wherein the UE's geographic location is different from the default geographic location associated with the UE.

[0157] The query component 440 can provide a first indication of at least one SNPN function, or a second indication of an NPN, or both of the first and second indications, for a query operation. The discovery component 435 can discover a set of NPN functions based on the query operation. The network component 430 can select at least one NPN function from the set of NPN functions based on the NPN function selection determined to be the geographic location of the UE, independent of the interception conditions associated with that geographic location.

[0158] Transmitter 445 can transmit signals generated by other components of device 405. In some examples, transmitter 445 can be co-located with receiver 410 in a transceiver module. For example, transmitter 445 can be a reference... Figure 6 Examples of aspects of the transceiver 620 described. The transmitter 445 may utilize a single antenna or an array of antennas.

[0159] Figure 5 A block diagram 500 of a UE communication manager 505 according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown. The UE communication manager 505 may be an example of an aspect of the UE communication manager 315, UE communication manager 415, or UE communication manager 610 described herein. The UE communication manager 505 may include a messaging component 510, a location component 515, a network component 520, a discovery component 525, and a query component 530. Each of these modules may communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0160] Message component 510 may receive a message including at least one geolocation code. In some examples, message component 510 may receive a list of tuples including the one or more geolocation codes or the NPN function identifier, or both the one or more geolocation codes and the NPN function identifier. In some examples, message component 510 may receive a default NPN function identifier. In some examples, message component 510 may receive a message including an indication to select an NPN function for the UE's geolocation independently of interception conditions associated with that geolocation, wherein the selection of at least one NPN function from a set of NPN functions associated with the UE's geolocation is based on the received message including the indication.

[0161] In some examples, message component 510 may receive a message including a list of NPNs independent of geographically associated interception conditions, wherein the selection of at least one NPN function from the set of NPN functions associated with the UE's geographical location is based on the list of NPNs independent of the interception conditions. In some cases, the message includes an NPN function identifier. In some cases, the NPN function identifier includes an NPN N3IWF identifier. In some cases, the NPN N3IWF identifier is an FQDN. In some cases, the NPN N3IWF identifier is an IP address. In some cases, the interception conditions include locally valid interception conditions associated with the UE's geographical location.

[0162] Location component 515 can determine whether a geolocation code associated with the UE's geolocation matches at least one geolocation code in a received message. In some examples, location component 515 can determine that the geolocation code of the serving PLMN matches at least one geolocation code associated with a geolocation code in a received message. In some examples, location component 515 can terminate the selection process based on selecting an NPN function using an NPN function identifier. In some examples, location component 515 can avoid determining whether to configure the NPN function for the UE's geolocation by terminating the selection process.

[0163] In some cases, location component 515 may determine that a geolocation code associated with the UE's geolocation matches at least one geolocation code associated with a geolocation code in a received message, wherein selecting an NPN function includes: selecting an NPN function using an NPN function identifier based on a selection process. In some cases, location component 515 may determine that a geolocation code associated with the UE's geolocation does not match at least one geolocation code associated with a geolocation code in a received message. In some cases, the geolocation code corresponds to an NPN function in the default geolocation associated with the UE. In some cases, the geolocation code includes an MMC.

[0164] Network component 520 can select an NPN function based on this determination. In some examples, network component 520 can determine the NPN function selection for the UE's geographic location independently of the interception conditions associated with that geographic location. In some examples, network component 520 can select at least one NPN function from the NPN function set based on the determined NPN function selection for the UE's geographic location independently of the interception conditions associated with that geographic location. In some examples, network component 520 can perform a selection process to select an NPN function based on determining that the geographic location code associated with the UE's geographic location does not match at least one geographic location code associated with the geographic location code in the received message. In some examples, network component 520 can select the NPN function using a default NPN function identifier based on determining that the NPN function selection for that geographic location of the UE is not required. In some examples, network component 520 can select an NPN function based on issuing an emergency call.

[0165] In some examples, network component 520 may use a default NPN function identifier and select the NPN function based on determining that the geographic location code associated with the UE's geographic location does not match at least one geographic location code associated with one or more geographic location codes in the received message. In some examples, network component 520 may determine the NPN function selection for the UE's geographic location based on the query result of a query operation, independent of the interception conditions associated with that geographic location. In some cases, the NPN function includes NPN N3IWF. In some cases, the query result includes a set of records that includes service instances associated with an FQDN that includes a set of query tags.

[0166] Discovery component 525 can discover a set of NPN functions based on this determination. In some examples, discovery component 525 can select at least one NPN function from the set of NPN functions for an NPN associated with the UE's geographic location, wherein the UE's geographic location is different from the default geographic location associated with the UE. In some examples, discovery component 525 can discover the set of NPN functions based on a query operation. Query component 530 can provide a first indication of at least one SNPN function, or a second indication of an NPN, or both the first and second indications for the query operation.

[0167] In some examples, query component 530 may determine a domain name associated with the geographic location of the UE, wherein the query operation is performed using the domain name associated with the geographic location of the UE, and the NPN function set is discovered based on the query operation. In some examples, query component 530 may receive a set of records related to the domain name associated with the geographic location of the UE based on the query operation, wherein at least one NPN function from the NPN function set is selected for the NPN associated with the geographic location of the UE based on at least one record in the set of records.

[0168] In some examples, query component 530 may use a set of tags to generate the domain name, where the domain name includes the FQDN. In some examples, query component 530 may select a packet gateway based on a set of network identifiers associated with a set of PLMNs. In some cases, the query operation includes a DNS NAPTR query operation. In some cases, the record set includes a set of network identifiers associated with a set of PLMNs. In some cases, the record set includes an indication for selecting NPN functionality for that geographic location of the UE, independent of the interception conditions associated with that geographic location.

[0169] In some cases, the record set includes a list of SNPNs, and the selection of at least one NPN function from the NPN function set for the NPN associated with the UE's geographic location is based on the SNPN list. In some cases, the record set includes a NAPR set. In some cases, the domain name includes an FQDN. In some cases, the query operation is performed using the domain name of the UE's geographic location, where the UE's geographic location is different from the default geographic location associated with the UE. In some cases, the first label in the label set includes an NPN function identifier. In some cases, the first label in the label set includes a PLMN identifier and a network identifier associated with the SNPN.

[0170] In some cases, the second label in the label set includes an SNPN identifier. In some cases, the third label in the label set includes a geolocation code identifying the geographic location where the UE is located. In some cases, the geolocation code includes an MCC. In some cases, the fourth label in the label set includes a geolocation code identifying the visited geographic location of the UE. In some cases, one or more NAPTR records associated with the domain name of the geographic location include a set of network identifiers associated with a PLMN set. In some cases, the query operation includes a DNS NAPTR query operation. In some cases, the blocking conditions include locally valid blocking conditions associated with the geographic location of the UE.

[0171] Figure 6 A diagram of a system 600 including device 605 according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown. Device 605 may be an example of a component of device 305, device 405, or UE 115 described herein, or may include components of device 305, device 405, or UE 115. Device 605 may include components for bidirectional voice and data communication, including components for transmitting and receiving communication, including UE communication manager 610, I / O controller 615, transceiver 620, antenna 625, memory 630, and processor 640. These components may communicate electronically via one or more buses (e.g., bus 645).

[0172] The UE communication manager 610 can: receive a message including one or more geolocation codes; determine whether a geolocation code associated with the geolocation of the UE matches at least one geolocation code in the received message; and select an NPN function based on the determination.

[0173] The UE communication manager 610 may also: determine the NPN function selection for the UE's geographic location independently of the interception conditions associated with that geographic location; discover a set of NPN functions based on the determination; and select at least one NPN function from the set of NPN functions for the NPN associated with the UE's geographic location, wherein the UE's geographic location is different from the default geographic location associated with the UE.

[0174] The UE communication manager 610 may also: provide a first indication of at least one SNPN function in the SNPN functions, or a second indication of NPN, or both the first indication and the second indication for a query operation; discover a set of NPN functions based on the query operation; and select at least one NPN function in the set of NPN functions based on the NPN function selection determined to be the geographic location of the UE, independent of the interception conditions associated with the geographic location.

[0175] I / O controller 615 can manage input and output signals for device 605. I / O controller 615 can also manage peripheral devices not integrated into device 605. In some cases, I / O controller 615 can represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral device. In some cases, I / O controller 615 can utilize an operating system, such as... Or other known operating systems. In other cases, the I / O controller 615 may represent, or interact with, a modem, keyboard, mouse, touchscreen, or similar device. In some cases, the I / O controller 615 may be implemented as part of a processor. In some cases, a user may interact with the device 605 via the I / O controller 615 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 615.

[0176] Transceiver 620 can communicate bidirectionally via one or more antennas, wired or wireless links as described above. For example, transceiver 620 can represent a wireless transceiver and can communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. Transceiver 620 may also include a modem to modulate packets and provide the modulated packets to the antenna for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the antenna. In some cases, device 605 may include a single antenna 625. However, in some cases, device 605 may have more than one antenna 625, which is capable of transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions simultaneously.

[0177] Memory 630 may include RAM and ROM. Memory 630 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 635, which includes instructions that, when executed, cause processor 640 to perform the various functions described herein. In some cases, memory 630 may in particular contain a BIOS, which controls basic hardware or software operations, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0178] Code 635 may include instructions for implementing aspects of this disclosure, including instructions for supporting wireless communication. Code 635 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or other types of memory. In some cases, code 635 may not be executed directly by processor 640, but may instead enable a computer (e.g., at compile and execution time) to perform the functions described herein.

[0179] Processor 640 may include intelligent hardware devices (e.g., general-purpose processors, DSPs, CPUs, microcontrollers, ASICs, FPGAs, programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof). In some cases, processor 640 may be configured to use a memory controller to operate a memory array. In other cases, the memory controller may be integrated into processor 640. Processor 640 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in memory (e.g., memory 630) to cause device 605 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting gateway selection for a private wireless network).

[0180] Figure 7 A block diagram 700 of a device 705 according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown. Device 705 may be an example of an aspect of base station 105 described herein. Device 705 may include a receiver 710, a base station communication manager 715, and a transmitter 720. Device 705 may also include a processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0181] Receiver 710 can receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to gateway selection for a private wireless network). This information can be transmitted to other components of device 705. Receiver 710 can serve as a reference. Figure 10 Examples of aspects of the described transceiver 1020. The receiver 710 may utilize a single antenna or an array of antennas.

[0182] The base station communication manager 715 may: receive a first indication of an SNPN, or a second indication of an NPN, or both the first and second indications; determine an NPN function set based on a query operation; and provide the NPN function set. The base station communication manager 715 may be an example of an aspect of the base station communication manager 1010 described herein.

[0183] The base station communication manager 715 or its sub-components may be implemented in hardware, processor-executable code (e.g., software or firmware), or any combination thereof. If implemented in processor-executable code, the functionality of the base station communication manager 715 or its sub-components may be performed by a general-purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described in this disclosure.

[0184] The base station communication manager 715 or its sub-components may be physically located in various locations, including portions distributed such that functionality is implemented by one or more physical components at different physical locations. In some examples, the base station communication manager 715 or its sub-components may be separate and distinct components according to various aspects of this disclosure. In some examples, the base station communication manager 715 or its sub-components may be combined with one or more other hardware components, including but not limited to input / output (I / O) components, transceivers, network servers, another computing device, one or more other components described in this disclosure, or combinations thereof according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0185] Transmitter 720 can transmit signals generated by other components of device 705. In some examples, transmitter 720 can be placed alongside receiver 710 in a transceiver module. For example, transmitter 720 can be a reference... Figure 10 Examples of aspects of the transceiver 1020 described. The transmitter 720 may utilize a single antenna or an array of antennas.

[0186] Figure 8 A block diagram 800 of a device 805 according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown. Device 805 may be an example of an aspect of device 705 as described herein or base station 105. Device 805 may include a receiver 810, a base station communication manager 815, and a transmitter 830. Device 805 may also include a processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0187] Receiver 810 can receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to gateway selection for a private wireless network). This information can be transmitted to other components of device 805. Receiver 810 can serve as a reference. Figure 10 Examples of aspects of the transceiver 1020 described. The receiver 810 may utilize a single antenna or an array of antennas.

[0188] Base station communication manager 815 may be an example of an aspect of base station communication manager 715 described herein. Base station communication manager 815 may include message component 820 and network component 825. Base station communication manager 815 may be an example of an aspect of base station communication manager 1010 described herein. Message component 820 may receive a first indication of SNPN, or a second indication of NPN, or both the first and second indications. Network component 825 may determine the NPN function set based on a query operation and provide the NPN function set.

[0189] Transmitter 830 can transmit signals generated by other components of device 805. In some examples, transmitter 830 can be co-located with receiver 810 in a transceiver module. For example, transmitter 830 can be a reference. Figure 10 Examples of aspects of the transceiver 1020 described. The transmitter 830 may utilize a single antenna or an array of antennas.

[0190] Figure 9 A block diagram 900 of a base station communication manager 905 according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown. The base station communication manager 905 may be an example of an aspect of the base station communication manager 715, base station communication manager 815, or base station communication manager 1010 described herein. The base station communication manager 905 may include a messaging component 910 and a network component 915. Each of these modules may communicate directly or indirectly with each other (e.g., via one or more buses). The messaging component 910 may receive a first indication of an SNPN, or a second indication of an NPN, or both the first and second indications. The network component 915 may determine the NPN function set based on a query operation. In some examples, the network component 915 may provide the NPN function set. In some cases, the NPN function set includes NPN N3IWF. In some cases, the query operation includes a DNSNAPTR query operation.

[0191] Figure 10 A diagram of a system 1000 including device 1005 according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown. Device 1005 may be an example of a component of device 705, device 805, or base station 105 described herein, or may include a component of device 705, device 805, or base station 105. Device 1005 may include components for bidirectional voice and data communication, including components for transmitting and receiving communications, including base station communication manager 1010, network communication manager 1015, transceiver 1020, antenna 1025, memory 1030, processor 1040, and inter-station communication manager 1045. These components may communicate electronically via one or more buses (e.g., bus 1050).

[0192] The base station communication manager 1010 can: receive a first indication of SNPN, or a second indication of NPN, or both the first and second indications; determine the NPN function set based on a query operation; and provide the NPN function set. The network communication manager 1015 can manage communication with the core network (e.g., via one or more wired backhaul links). For example, the network communication manager 1015 can manage the transmission of data communication for client devices (such as one or more UEs 115).

[0193] As described above, transceiver 1020 can communicate bidirectionally via one or more antennas, wired or wireless links. For example, transceiver 1020 can represent a wireless transceiver and can communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. Transceiver 1020 may also include a modem to modulate packets and provide the modulated packets to the antenna for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the antenna. In some cases, device 1005 may include a single antenna 1025. However, in some cases, device 1005 may have more than one antenna 1025, which is capable of transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions simultaneously.

[0194] Memory 1030 may include RAM, ROM, or a combination thereof. Memory 1030 may store computer-readable code 1035 including instructions that, when executed by a processor (e.g., processor 1040), cause the device to perform the various functions described herein. In some cases, memory 1030 may in particular include a BIOS that controls basic hardware or software operation, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices. Code 1035 may include instructions for implementing aspects of this disclosure, including instructions for supporting wireless communication. Code 1035 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or other types of memory. In some cases, the code 1035 may not be directly executed by processor 1040, but may instead cause a computer (e.g., at compile and execution time) to perform the functions described herein.

[0195] Processor 1040 may include intelligent hardware devices (e.g., general-purpose processors, DSPs, CPUs, microcontrollers, ASICs, FPGAs, programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof). In some cases, processor 1040 may be configured to use a memory controller to operate a memory array. In some cases, the memory controller may be integrated into processor 1040. Processor 1040 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in memory (e.g., memory 1030) to cause device 1005 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting gateway selection for a private wireless network).

[0196] Inter-site communication manager 1045 can manage communication with other base stations 105 and may include a controller or scheduler for cooperating with other base stations 105 to control communication with UE 115. For example, inter-site communication manager 1045 can coordinate the scheduling of transmissions to UE 115 for various interference mitigation techniques such as beamforming and / or joint transmission. In some examples, inter-site communication manager 1045 may provide an X2 interface within LTE / LTE-A wireless communication network technology to facilitate communication between base stations 105.

[0197] Figure 11 A flowchart illustrating method 1100 according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown. Operation of method 1100 can be implemented by UE 115 or its components as described herein. For example, operation of method 1100 can be performed by reference to... Figures 3 to 6 The UE communication manager is described below. In some examples, the UE can execute a set of instructions to control the UE's functional elements to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the UE can use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the functions described below.

[0198] At point 1105, the UE can receive a message including one or more geolocation codes. The operation of point 1105 can be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of point 1105 can be determined by reference to... Figures 3 to 6 The message component described is used for this purpose.

[0199] At 1110, the UE can determine whether the geolocation code associated with the UE's geolocation matches at least one geolocation code in the received message. The operation of 1110 can be performed according to the method described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1110 can be derived from, as referenced... Figures 3 to 6 The described position component is used.

[0200] At point 1115, the UE can select the NPN function based on this determination. The operation of point 1115 can be performed according to the method described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of point 1115 can be determined by, as referenced... Figures 3 to 6 The network components described are used for this purpose.

[0201] Figure 12 A flowchart illustrating method 1200 according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown. Operation of method 1200 can be implemented by UE 115 or its components as described herein. For example, operation of method 1200 can be performed by reference to... Figures 3 to 6 The UE communication manager is described below. In some examples, the UE can execute a set of instructions to control the UE's functional elements to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the UE can use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the functions described below.

[0202] At point 1205, the UE can determine the NPN function selection for its geographic location independently of the interception conditions associated with that geographic location. The operation at point 1205 can be performed according to the method described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation at point 1205 can be determined by, as referenced... Figures 3 to 6 The network components described are used for this purpose.

[0203] At point 1210, the UE can discover the NPN function set based on this determination. The operation of point 1210 can be performed according to the method described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of point 1210 can be determined by reference to... Figures 3 to 6 The discovery component described is used for this purpose.

[0204] At point 1215, the UE can select at least one NPN function from the NPN function set for the NPN associated with that UE's geographic location, where that geographic location is different from the default geographic location associated with the UE. The operation of point 1215 can be performed according to the method described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of point 1215 can be derived from, as referenced... Figures 3 to 6 The discovery component described is used for this purpose.

[0205] Figure 13 A flowchart illustrating method 1300 according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown. Operation of method 1300 can be implemented by UE 115 or its components as described herein. For example, operation of method 1300 can be performed by reference to... Figures 3 to 6 The UE communication manager is described below. In some examples, the UE can execute a set of instructions to control the UE's functional elements to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the UE can use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the functions described below.

[0206] At point 1305, the UE may provide a first indication of at least one SNPN function, or a second indication of an NPN, or both of the first and second indications, for query operations. The operation at point 1305 can be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation at point 1305 may be provided by reference to... Figures 3 to 6 The query component described is used for this purpose.

[0207] At point 1310, the UE can discover the NPN function set based on this query operation. The operation at 1310 can be performed according to the method described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation at 1310 can be derived from, as referenced... Figures 3 to 6 The discovery component described is used for this purpose.

[0208] At point 1315, the UE can select at least one NPN function from the set of NPN functions, independent of the interception conditions associated with that geographic location, based on the NPN function determined to be the UE's geographic location. The operation of point 1315 can be performed according to the method described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of point 1315 can be derived as referenced... Figures 3 to 6 The network components described are used for this purpose.

[0209] Figure 14 A flowchart illustrating method 1400 according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown. Operation of method 1400 can be implemented by base station 105 or its components as described herein. For example, operation of method 1400 can be performed by reference to... Figures 7 to 10 The base station communication manager is described below. In some examples, the base station can execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the base station to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the base station can use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the functions described below.

[0210] At point 1405, the base station can receive a first indication of the SNPN, or a second indication of the NPN, or both the first and second indications. Operation of point 1405 can be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of operation of point 1405 can be determined by reference to... Figures 7 to 10 The message component described is used for this purpose.

[0211] At point 1410, the base station can determine the NPN function set based on a query operation. The operation at point 1410 can be performed according to the method described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation at point 1410 can be derived from, as referenced... Figures 7 to 10 The network components described are used for this purpose.

[0212] At point 1415, the base station can provide this set of NPN functions. The operation of point 1415 can be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of point 1415 can be derived from, as referenced... Figures 7 to 10 The network components described are used for this purpose.

[0213] It should be noted that the methods described herein depict possible implementations, and the operation can be rearranged or otherwise modified, and other implementations are possible. Furthermore, aspects from two or more methods can be combined.

[0214] The following provides an overview of examples of this disclosure:

[0215] Example 1: A method for wireless communication at a UE is described. The method may include: receiving a message including one or more geolocation codes; determining whether a geolocation code associated with the UE's geolocation matches at least one geolocation code in the received message; and selecting a non-public network function based on the determination.

[0216] Example 2 is a method from Example 1, where the message includes a non-public network function identifier.

[0217] Example 3: The method of Example 1 or 2 further includes: receiving the message may include operations, features, components, or instructions for: receiving a list of tuples including the one or more geolocation codes or the non-public network function identifier, or both the one or more geolocation codes and the non-public network function identifier.

[0218] Example 4: The method of any one of Examples 1 to 3 further includes: determining that the geolocation code associated with the geolocation of the UE matches one or more geolocation codes associated with the geolocation code in the received message, wherein selecting the non-public network function includes: selecting the non-public network function using a non-public network function identifier based on a selection process.

[0219] Example 5: The method of any one of Examples 1 to 4 further includes: determining that the geolocation code serving the public land mobile network matches at least one geolocation code associated with the geolocation code in the received message.

[0220] Example 6: The method of any one of Examples 1 to 5 further includes: terminating the selection process based on selecting the non-public network function using the non-public network function identifier.

[0221] Example 7: The method of any one of Examples 1 to 6 further includes: avoiding the selection of whether the non-public network function can be configured for the geographic location of the UE based on terminating the selection process.

[0222] Example 8: The method of any one of Examples 1 to 7 further includes: determining that the geolocation code associated with the geolocation of the UE does not match at least one geolocation code associated with the geolocation code in the received message; and performing a selection process to select the non-public network function based on determining that the geolocation code associated with the geolocation of the UE does not match at least one geolocation code associated with the geolocation code in the received message.

[0223] Example 9: The method of any one of Examples 1 to 8 further includes: determining whether the selection of the non-public network function can be configured for the geographic location of the UE; and selecting the non-public network function using a default non-public network function identifier based on the determination that the selection of the non-public network function is not required for the geographic location of the UE.

[0224] Example 10: The method of any one of Examples 1 to 9 further includes: receiving the message may include operations, features, components, or instructions for receiving a default non-public network function identifier.

[0225] Example 11: A method of any one of Examples 1 to 10, wherein the geolocation code corresponds to a non-public network function in the default geolocation associated with the UE.

[0226] Example 12: The method of any one of Examples 1 to 11 further includes: selecting the non-public network function using a default non-public network function identifier and based on determining that the geolocation code associated with the geolocation of the UE does not match at least one geolocation code associated with the geolocation code in the received message.

[0227] Example 13: A method from any of Examples 1 through 12, where the geolocation code includes the mobile country code.

[0228] Example 14: A method of any one of Examples 1 to 13, wherein the non-public network functionality includes non-public network non-3rd Generation Partnership Project interoperability functionality.

[0229] Example 15: A method of any one of Examples 1 to 14, wherein the non-public network function identifier includes a non-public network non-3rd Generation Partnership Project interoperability function identifier.

[0230] Example 16: A method of any of Examples 1 to 15, wherein the non-public network non-3rd Generation Partnership Project interoperability identifier can be a fully qualified domain name.

[0231] Example 17: A method of any of Examples 1 to 16, wherein the non-public network non-3rd Generation Partnership Project interoperability identifier may be an Internet Protocol address.

[0232] Example 18: A method for wireless communication at a UE is described. The method may include: determining a non-public network function selection for a geographic location of the UE, independent of interception conditions associated with that geographic location; discovering a set of non-public network functions based on the determination; and selecting at least one non-public network function from the set of non-public network functions for a non-public network associated with that geographic location of the UE, wherein the geographic location of the UE is different from a default geographic location associated with the UE.

[0233] Example 19: The method of Example 18 further includes: receiving a message including an indication for selecting a non-public network function for the geographic location of the UE that can be independent of the interception conditions associated with the geographic location, wherein selecting at least one non-public network function from the set of non-public network functions associated with the geographic location of the UE can be based on the received message including the indication.

[0234] Example 20: The method of Example 18 or 19 further includes: determining a domain name associated with the geographic location of the UE, wherein the domain name associated with the geographic location of the UE can be used to perform a query operation, and the non-public network function set can be discovered based on the performed query operation.

[0235] Example 21: The methods in Examples 18 to 20, wherein the query operation includes a Domain Name System (DNS) naming authority pointer lookup operation.

[0236] Example 22: The method of Example 18 or 21 further includes: receiving a set of records based on the performed query operation, the set of records relating to the domain name associated with the geographic location of the UE, wherein selecting the at least one non-public network function from the set of non-public network functions for the non-public network associated with the geographic location of the UE may be based on at least one record in the set of records.

[0237] Example 23: The methods of Examples 18 to 22, wherein the record set includes a set of network identifiers associated with a set of public land mobile networks.

[0238] Example 24: The methods of Examples 18 to 23, wherein the record set includes an indication that the selection of the non-public network function for the UE's geographic location can be independent of the interception conditions associated with the geographic location.

[0239] Example 25: The method of Examples 18 to 24, wherein the record set includes a list of independent non-public networks, and the selection of at least one non-public network function from the set of non-public network functions associated with the geographic location of the UE may be based on the list of independent non-public networks.

[0240] Example 26: The methods in Examples 18 to 25, wherein the record set includes a set of named permission pointer records.

[0241] Example 27: The methods in Examples 18 to 26, where the domain name includes a fully qualified domain name.

[0242] Example 28: The methods of Examples 18 to 27 further include: receiving a message including a list of non-public networks, the list of non-public networks being independent of the interception conditions associated with the geographic location, wherein selecting at least one non-public network function from the set of non-public network functions for the non-public network associated with the geographic location of the UE can be based on the list of non-public networks being independent of the interception conditions.

[0243] Example 29: The methods of Examples 18 to 28, wherein the interception condition includes a local legal interception condition associated with the geographic location of the UE.

[0244] Example 30: A method for wireless communication at a UE is described. The method may include: providing a first indication of at least one independent non-public network function from independent non-public network functions, or a second indication of a non-public network, or both the first and second indications, for a query operation; discovering a set of non-public network functions based on the query operation; and selecting at least one non-public network function from the set of non-public network functions based on a non-public network function selection determined to be a geographic location of the UE, independent of interception conditions associated with that geographic location.

[0245] Example 31: The method of Example 30, wherein the query operation can be performed using the domain name of the geographic location of the UE, wherein the geographic location of the UE may be different from the default geographic location associated with the UE.

[0246] Example 32: The method of Example 30 or 31 further includes: using a set of tags to generate the domain name, wherein the domain name includes a fully qualified domain name.

[0247] Example 33: The methods of Examples 30 to 32, wherein the first tag in the tag set includes a non-public network function identifier.

[0248] Example 34: The methods of Examples 30 to 33, wherein the first tag in the tag set includes a public land mobile network identifier and a network identifier associated with an independent non-public network.

[0249] Example 35: The methods of Examples 30 to 34, wherein the second tag in the tag set includes an independent non-public network identifier.

[0250] Example 36: The method of Examples 30 to 35, wherein the third tag in the tag set includes a geographic location code that identifies the geographic location in which the UE can be located.

[0251] Example 37: The methods in Examples 30 to 36, where the geolocation code includes the mobile country code.

[0252] Example 38: The method of Examples 30 to 37, wherein the fourth tag in the tag set includes a geolocation code that identifies the visited geolocation of the UE.

[0253] Example 39: The methods of Examples 30 to 38, wherein one or more naming permission pointer records associated with the domain name of the geographic location include a set of network identifiers associated with a set of public terrestrial mobile networks.

[0254] Example 40: The methods of Examples 30 to 39 further include: selecting a packet gateway based on the set of network identifiers associated with the set of public land mobile networks.

[0255] Example 41: The methods of Examples 30 to 40 further include: determining, based on the query result of the query operation, that the selection of the non-public network function for the geographic location of the UE can be independent of the interception conditions associated with the geographic location.

[0256] Example 42: The methods of Examples 30 to 41, wherein the query result includes a set of records that includes service instances associated with fully qualified domain names that include a set of query tags.

[0257] Example 43: The methods in Examples 30 to 42, wherein the query operation includes a Domain Name System (DNS) naming authority pointer lookup operation.

[0258] Example 44: The methods of Examples 30 to 43, wherein the interception condition includes a local legal interception condition associated with the geographic location of the UE.

[0259] Example 45: The methods of Examples 30 to 44, wherein the choice is based at least in part on issuing an emergency call.

[0260] Example 46: A method for wireless communication at a base station is described. The method may include: receiving a first indication from an independent non-public network, or a second indication from a non-public network, or both the first and second indications; determining a set of non-public network functions based on a query operation; and providing the set of non-public network functions.

[0261] Example 47: The method of Example 46, wherein the set of non-public network functions includes non-public network non-3rd Generation Partnership Project interoperability functions.

[0262] Example 48: The method of Example 46 or 47, where the query operation includes a Domain Name System (DNS) naming authority pointer lookup operation.

[0263] Example 49: An apparatus for wireless communication includes: a processor; and a memory coupled to the processor, the processor and the memory being configured to perform the method of any one of Examples 1 to 17.

[0264] Example 50: An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising at least one component for performing the method of any one of Examples 1 to 17.

[0265] Example 51: A computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code including instructions executable by a processor to perform the methods of any of Examples 1 to 17.

[0266] Example 52: An apparatus for wireless communication includes: a processor; and a memory coupled to the processor, the processor and the memory being configured to perform the method of any one of Examples 18 to 29.

[0267] Example 53: An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising at least one component for performing the method of any one of Examples 18 to 29.

[0268] Example 54: A computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code including instructions executable by a processor to perform the methods of any of Examples 18 to 29.

[0269] Example 55: An apparatus for wireless communication includes: a processor; and a memory coupled to the processor, the processor and the memory being configured to perform the method of any one of Examples 30 to 45.

[0270] Example 56: An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising at least one component for performing the method of any one of Examples 30 to 45.

[0271] Example 57: A computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code including instructions executable by a processor to perform the methods of any of Examples 30 to 45.

[0272] Example 58: An apparatus for wireless communication includes: a processor; and a memory coupled to the processor, the processor and the memory being configured to perform the method of any one of Examples 46 to 48.

[0273] Example 59: An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising at least one component for performing the method of any one of Examples 46 to 48.

[0274] Example 60: A computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code including instructions executable by a processor to perform the methods of any of Examples 46 to 48.

[0275] While aspects of LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR systems may be described for illustrative purposes, and the terms LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR may be used in many places in this specification, the techniques described herein can be applied beyond LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the techniques described can be applied to a variety of other wireless communication systems, such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, and other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.

[0276] The information and signals described herein can be represented using any of a variety of different techniques and skills. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be mentioned throughout this specification can be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or light particles, or any combination thereof.

[0277] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed using a general-purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, CPU, FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but alternatively, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, a combination of one or more microprocessors integrated with a DSP core, or any other such configuration).

[0278] The functions described herein can be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, these functions can be stored on or transmitted over a computer-readable medium as one or more instructions or code on the computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of this disclosure and the appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, the functions described herein can be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or any combination thereof. Features implementing the functions can also be physically located in various locations, including being distributed such that different parts of the function are implemented at different physical locations.

[0279] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media, with communication media encompassing any medium that facilitates the transfer of computer programs from one place to another. Non-transitory storage media can be any available medium accessible by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media may include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, optical disc (CD) ROM or other optical disc storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium capable of carrying or storing required program code in the form of instructions or data structures and accessible by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Furthermore, any connection is also legitimately referred to as computer-readable media. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable media. The disks and optical discs used in this article include CDs, laser discs, optical discs, DVDs, floppy disks, and Blu-ray discs, where disks typically reproduce data magnetically, while optical discs reproduce data optically using lasers. Combinations of these are also included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0280] As used herein (including in the claims), the word "or" as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items ending with a phrase such as "at least one of..." or "one or more of...") indicates an inclusive list, such that a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). Furthermore, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example described as "based on condition A" could be based on both condition A and condition B without departing from the scope of this disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should be interpreted in the same manner as the phrase "at least partially based on".

[0281] In the accompanying drawings, similar components or features may have the same reference numerals. Furthermore, various components of the same type can be distinguished by adding a dash after the reference numerals and a second reference numeral to differentiate similar components. If only the first reference numeral is used in the description, the description applies to any of the similar components having the same first reference numeral, regardless of the second or other subsequent reference numerals.

[0282] The description herein, illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings, describes an example configuration and does not represent all possible embodiments or all examples within the scope of the claims. The term "example" as used herein means "serving as an example, instance, or illustration," and not "preferred" or "superior to other examples." Detailed descriptions include specific details intended to provide an understanding of the described techniques. However, these techniques may be practiced without these specific details. In some cases, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring the concept of the described examples.

[0283] The description herein is provided to enable those skilled in the art to make or use this disclosure. Various modifications to this disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Therefore, this disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein, but should be given the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.< / mcc> < / mnc> < / mcc> < / mnc> < / mcc> < / mnc> < / mcc> < / mcc> < / mnc> < / mcc> < / mcc> < / mnc> < / mcc> < / mnc> < / mcc> < / mnc> < / mcc>

Claims

1. A method for performing wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: Send a first message for the query operation, the first message indicating an independent non-public network and the geographical location of the UE; Receive a second message in response to the first message for the query operation, wherein the second message is based at least in part on the independent non-public network and the geographic location of the UE; as well as Based at least in part on whether the second message indicates any non-public network function, a first non-public network function corresponding to a first independent non-public network function identifier configured at the UE or at least one second non-public network function from a set of one or more non-public network functions indicated by the second message is selected.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the query operation is performed using a domain name of the geographic location of the UE, wherein the geographic location of the UE is different from the default geographic location associated with the UE.

3. The method according to claim 2, further comprising: The domain name is generated using a set of tags, wherein the domain name includes a fully qualified domain name.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the first tag in the tag set includes a non-public network function identifier.

5. The method of claim 3, wherein the first tag in the tag set includes a public land mobile network identifier and a network identifier associated with the independent non-public network.

6. The method of claim 3, wherein the second tag in the tag set includes an independent non-public network identifier.

7. The method of claim 3, wherein the third tag in the tag set includes a geographic location code that identifies the geographic location where the UE is located.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the geographic location code includes a mobile country code.

9. The method of claim 3, wherein the fourth tag in the tag set includes a geographic location code that identifies the visited geographic location of the UE.

10. The method of claim 2, wherein one or more naming authority pointer records associated with the domain name of the geographic location include a set of network identifiers associated with a set of public terrestrial mobile networks.

11. The method of claim 10, further comprising: The packet gateway is selected based at least in part on the set of network identifiers associated with the set of public land mobile networks.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein the selection of non-public network functions for the geographic location of the UE is independent of the interception conditions associated with the geographic location and is based at least in part on the query result of the query operation.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the query result includes a set of records, the set of records including service instances, the service instances being associated with fully qualified domain names including a set of query tags.

14. The method according to claim 1, wherein the query operation includes a Domain Name System (DNS) naming permission pointer query operation.

15. The method of claim 12, wherein the interception conditions include local legitimate interception conditions associated with the geographic location of the UE.

16. The method of claim 1, wherein the selection is based at least in part on issuing an emergency call.

17. A method for conducting wireless communication at a base station, comprising: Receive a first message for a query operation, the first message indicating the geographical location of an independent non-public network and a user equipment (UE); A second message is sent in response to the first message for the query operation, wherein the second message is based at least in part on the independent non-public network and the geographic location of the UE; as well as A set of non-public network functions is provided so that the UE can select, at least in part, a first non-public network function corresponding to a first independent non-public network function identifier configured at the UE, or at least one of a set of one or more non-public network functions indicated by the second message, based on whether the second message instructs any non-public network function.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the set of non-public network functions includes non-public network non-3rd Generation Partnership Project (NGP) interoperability functions.

19. The method of claim 17, wherein the query operation includes a Domain Name System (DNS) naming permission pointer query operation.

20. An apparatus for wireless communication by a user equipment (UE), comprising: processor; Memory coupled to the processor; and Instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the device to perform the following operations: Send a first message for the query operation, the first message indicating an independent non-public network and the geographical location of the UE; Receive a second message in response to the first message for the query operation, wherein the second message is based at least in part on the independent non-public network and the geographic location of the UE; as well as Based at least in part on whether the second message indicates any non-public network function, a first non-public network function corresponding to a first independent non-public network function identifier configured at the UE or at least one second non-public network function from a set of one or more non-public network functions indicated by the second message is selected.

21. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising: A component for sending a first message for a query operation, the first message indicating an independent non-public network and the geographic location of the UE; A component for receiving a second message in response to the first message for the query operation, wherein the second message is at least partially based on the independent non-public network and the geographic location of the UE; as well as A component for selecting, at least in part, a first non-public network function corresponding to a first independent non-public network function identifier configured at the UE, or at least one of a set of one or more said non-public network functions indicated by the second message, based on whether the second message indicates any non-public network function selection.

22. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium for wireless communication, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause a processor to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 16.

23. An apparatus for wireless communication via a base station, comprising: processor; Memory coupled to the processor; and Instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the device to perform the following operations: Receive a first message for a query operation, the first message indicating the geographical location of an independent non-public network and a user equipment (UE); A second message is sent in response to the first message for the query operation, wherein the second message is based at least in part on the independent non-public network and the geographic location of the UE; as well as A set of non-public network functions is provided so that the UE can select, at least in part, a first non-public network function corresponding to a first independent non-public network function identifier configured at the UE, or at least one of a set of one or more non-public network functions indicated by the second message, based on whether the second message instructs any non-public network function.

24. An apparatus for wireless communication at a base station, the apparatus comprising: A component for receiving a first message for a query operation, the first message indicating the geographical location of an independent non-public network and a user equipment (UE); A component for sending a second message in response to the first message for the query operation, wherein the second message is at least partially based on the independent non-public network and the geographic location of the UE; as well as A component for providing a set of non-public network functions so that the UE can select, at least in part, a first non-public network function corresponding to a first independent non-public network function identifier configured at the UE, or at least one of a set of one or more non-public network functions indicated by the second message, based on whether the second message instructs any non-public network function.

25. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium for wireless communication, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause a processor to perform the method according to any one of claims 17 to 19.

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