Solar cell module and method for manufacturing the same, and solar cell

Abstract

The application discloses a solar cell module and a preparation method thereof, and a solar cell. The solar cell module comprises a glass substrate and a plurality of single cells. The plurality of single cells are arranged on the glass substrate in a left-right direction at intervals, and a first insulating layer is filled between two adjacent single cells. Each single cell comprises a cadmium telluride cell layer, a connecting layer and a perovskite cell layer which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top. The connecting layer comprises an insulating layer and a first metal layer. In every two adjacent single cells, the single cell close to the left side is connected to the single cell close to the right side through the first metal layer. The application aims to solve the problems of low light absorption efficiency and poor performance of the existing solar cell.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery technology, and particularly to the field of solar cell technology, specifically to a solar cell module and its preparation method, as well as a solar cell. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, most solar cells used in the market are single-type solar cells. Most single-type solar cells can only absorb light from one side. When they are made to absorb light from both sides, transparent oxides are often used as electrodes. At this time, the resistance of the device is very high, resulting in low conversion efficiency.

[0003] When single-sided solar cells are used in BIPV (Building Integrated Photovoltaics), outdoor light is often utilized, while indoor light is difficult to take advantage of. In small-sized electronic products, especially when bonded to a display screen, the brightness of the display screen is difficult to utilize. For weak light sources such as displays and indoor light, amorphous silicon cells absorb light very well and can provide a high open-circuit voltage for the device. However, strong outdoor light will affect amorphous silicon cells, and prolonged exposure to strong light will lead to performance degradation. On the other hand, cells made with materials such as perovskite, organic solar cells, and cadmium telluride have good strong light absorption and can effectively absorb strong outdoor light. However, these cells often use oxides as electrodes, which have high resistance and low conversion efficiency. How to provide a solar cell with double-sided light absorption, low resistance, and high stability is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this invention is to propose a solar cell module and its preparation method, as well as a solar cell, in order to solve the problems of low light absorption efficiency and poor performance of existing solar cells.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a solar cell module comprising:

[0006] Glass substrate; and,

[0007] Multiple single-cell batteries are spaced apart on the glass substrate in a left-right direction. A first insulating layer is filled between two adjacent single-cell batteries. Each single-cell battery includes a cadmium telluride battery layer, a connecting layer, and a perovskite battery layer stacked sequentially from bottom to top. The connecting layer includes an insulating layer and a first metal layer. In every two adjacent single-cell batteries, the single-cell battery closer to the left is connected to the single-cell battery closer to the right through the first metal layer.

[0008] Optionally, the cadmium telluride battery layer includes, from bottom to top, a first electrode layer, a window layer, an absorber layer, a back contact layer, and a metal back electrode layer, stacked sequentially; and / or,

[0009] The perovskite solar cell layer includes a second electrode layer, a perovskite layer, and a third electrode layer stacked sequentially from bottom to top.

[0010] Optionally, the first metal layer includes:

[0011] A first metal connection layer and a second metal connection layer are disposed at a distance from each other on the upper surface of the back contact layer, and in every two adjacent single cells, the second metal connection layer on the single cell closer to the left extends to connect with the reduced third electrode layer on the single cell closer to the right; and,

[0012] A third metal connection layer is disposed above the first insulating layer, and in every two adjacent single cells, one end of the third metal connection layer is connected to the first electrode layer on the cadmium telluride battery layer of the single cell near the left, and the other end is connected to the first metal connection layer on the perovskite battery layer of the single cell near the right.

[0013] The metal back electrode layer includes the first metal connection layer.

[0014] Optionally, the insulating layer includes:

[0015] A first insulating layer is disposed between the second metal connection layer and the back contact layer to separate the second metal connection layer from the back contact layer.

[0016] A second insulating layer is disposed between the first metal connection layer and the second metal connection layer, and is connected to the first insulating layer; and,

[0017] The third insulating layer is disposed below the first insulating layer, with one end connected to the first insulating layer and the other end extending to connect to the first electrode layer.

[0018] Optionally, the connection layer further includes a second insulating layer that covers the first metal connection layer, a portion of the second metal connection layer, and the third metal connection layer, and exposes a portion of the second metal connection layer.

[0019] Optionally, the material of the second insulating layer includes organic resin or inorganic insulating material; and / or,

[0020] The insulating layer is made of organic resin or inorganic insulating layer.

[0021] Optionally, the material of the window layer includes CdS or CdSe; and / or,

[0022] The absorber layer is made of CdTe; and / or,

[0023] The material of the back contact layer includes ZnTe; and / or,

[0024] The material of the second electrode layer includes at least one of Al, Mn, Cr, Ag, and Cu.

[0025] Optionally, the perovskite solar cell layer further includes a second metal layer disposed above the third electrode layer.

[0026] Optionally, the angle between the upper surface of the first insulating layer and the upper surface of the glass substrate is α, where α < 70°.

[0027] Optionally, the material of the first insulating layer includes a photosensitive organic resin.

[0028] Furthermore, this invention also proposes a method for preparing a solar cell module, comprising the following steps:

[0029] A cadmium telluride battery layer is deposited on a glass substrate;

[0030] The cadmium telluride battery layers are cut sequentially along the front-to-back direction to obtain multiple individual cadmium telluride battery layers.

[0031] A first insulating layer is sequentially disposed between every two adjacent cadmium telluride battery cells;

[0032] A connecting layer is sequentially disposed on each of the aforementioned cadmium telluride battery cells;

[0033] A second insulating layer is sequentially disposed on each of the aforementioned connecting layers;

[0034] Perovskite cell layers are sequentially deposited on each of the second insulating layers to obtain a solar cell module.

[0035] Optionally, the step of forming a cadmium telluride battery layer on a glass substrate includes:

[0036] A first electrode layer is deposited on a glass substrate using vapor deposition. A window layer is then deposited on the first electrode layer using vapor deposition. An absorption layer is deposited on the window layer using vapor transport deposition or vacuum sublimation. Finally, a back contact layer is deposited on the absorption layer using vapor deposition to obtain a cadmium telluride battery layer.

[0037] Optionally, each of the single cadmium telluride battery layers includes a first electrode layer, a window layer, an absorption layer and a back contact layer stacked sequentially from bottom to top;

[0038] The step of sequentially cutting the cadmium telluride battery layers along the front-to-back direction to obtain multiple individual cadmium telluride battery layers includes:

[0039] The cadmium telluride battery layers are sequentially cut along the front-to-back direction using laser etching to obtain multiple individual cadmium telluride battery layers. During the cutting process, the width of the first electrode layer is greater than the width of any one of the window layer, the absorption layer, and the back contact layer.

[0040] Optionally, each of the said cadmium telluride battery layers includes a first electrode layer;

[0041] The step of sequentially setting a first insulating layer between every two adjacent cadmium telluride battery cells includes:

[0042] The first insulating layer is coated sequentially using a coating method, and then a pattern is fabricated on the first insulating layer using a photolithography process.

[0043] Wherein, the height of the right end of the first insulating layer is not lower than the height of the single cadmium telluride battery layer near the right, and the height of the left end is not lower than the height of the first electrode layer on the single cadmium telluride battery layer near the left.

[0044] Optionally, each of the single cadmium telluride battery layers includes a back contact layer, the connection layer includes an insulating layer and a first metal layer, the first metal layer includes a first metal connection layer, a second metal connection layer and a third metal connection layer, and the insulating layer includes a first insulating layer, a second insulating layer and a third insulating layer;

[0045] The step of sequentially setting a connecting layer on each of the aforementioned cadmium telluride battery cells includes:

[0046] A first insulating layer is disposed above a portion of the back contact layer, and a third insulating layer is disposed below the first insulating layer;

[0047] A first metal connection layer is provided on the back contact layer in another part, and a second metal connection layer is provided on the first isolation layer;

[0048] A second insulating layer is filled between the first metal connection layer and the second metal connection layer;

[0049] A third metal connection layer is disposed above the first insulating layer to obtain a connection layer.

[0050] Optionally, the connection layer includes a first metal layer, which includes a first metal connection layer, a second metal connection layer, and a third metal connection layer;

[0051] The step of sequentially depositing a second insulating layer on each of the aforementioned connecting layers includes:

[0052] A second insulating layer is sequentially deposited on the first metal layer, the second metal connection layer, and the third metal connection layer by means of coating or screen printing.

[0053] A portion of the second insulating layer located on the second metal interconnect layer is etched away using laser etching, exposing a portion of the second metal interconnect layer.

[0054] Optionally, the step of sequentially depositing perovskite cell layers on each of the second insulating layers to obtain a solar cell module includes:

[0055] A second electrode layer, a perovskite layer, and a third electrode layer are sequentially disposed on each of the second insulating layers from bottom to top;

[0056] A second metal layer is disposed on each of the third electrode layers to obtain a solar cell module.

[0057] Furthermore, the present invention also proposes a solar cell comprising multiple solar cell modules, wherein the multiple solar cell modules are connected in parallel or in series, and the solar cell modules are either the solar cell modules described above or solar cell modules prepared by the method described above.

[0058] In this invention, the solar cell module can absorb both indoor (weak) and outdoor (strong) light, making it suitable for various applications. Furthermore, the first metal layer is connected by the gap between two individual cells, allowing the first metal layer to connect adjacent cells and effectively utilize the "dead zones" between the solar cell modules, thus further improving the performance of the solar cell module. The first insulating layer is used to isolate adjacent cells, preventing leakage current and short circuits. The perovskite cell layer absorbs both outdoor and indoor light, enabling the solar cell module to operate in both strong and weak light environments. The cadmium telluride cell layer absorbs sunlight, enhancing the efficiency of the solar cell module in strong light conditions. Thus, the cadmium telluride cell layer and the perovskite cell layer work together to improve the efficiency of the solar cell module. Attached Figure Description

[0059] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0060] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the solar cell module provided by the present invention;

[0061] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a solar cell module;

[0062] Figure 3 This is a schematic flowchart of an embodiment of the method for preparing a solar cell module provided by the present invention.

[0063] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0064]

[0065]

[0066] The realization of the objective, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0067] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0068] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present invention involve directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indicators are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of the components in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indicators will also change accordingly.

[0069] Furthermore, unless specific conditions are specified in the embodiments, conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer shall apply. Reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are all commercially available conventional products. Additionally, if the embodiments of this invention involve descriptions such as "first," "second," etc., these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, features defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Furthermore, the meaning of "and / or" throughout the text includes three parallel solutions; for example, "A and / or B" includes solution A, solution B, or a solution where both A and B are satisfied. Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this invention.

[0070] Currently, most solar cells used in the market are single-type solar cells. Most single-type solar cells can only absorb light from one side. When they are made to absorb light from both sides, transparent oxides are often used as electrodes. At this time, the resistance of the device is very high, resulting in low conversion efficiency.

[0071] When single-sided solar cells are used in BIPV (Building Integrated Photovoltaics), outdoor light is often utilized, while indoor light is difficult to take advantage of. In small-sized electronic products, especially when bonded to a display screen, the brightness of the display screen is difficult to utilize. For weak light sources such as displays and indoor light, amorphous silicon cells absorb light very well and can provide a high open-circuit voltage for the device. However, strong outdoor light will affect amorphous silicon cells, and prolonged exposure to strong light will lead to performance degradation. On the other hand, cells made with materials such as perovskite, organic solar cells, and cadmium telluride have good strong light absorption and can effectively absorb strong outdoor light. However, these cells often use oxides as electrodes, which have high resistance and low conversion efficiency. How to provide a solar cell with double-sided light absorption, low resistance, and high stability is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved.

[0072] In view of this, the present invention provides a solar cell module. Figures 1 to 2 This is a schematic diagram of a structure of a solar cell module provided by the present invention. The solar cell module provided by the present invention can absorb light from both sides, and can absorb not only indoor light (weak light) but also outdoor light (strong light). It has low resistance, high efficiency and good stability, and is suitable for various occasions. The following description, in conjunction with the specific accompanying drawings, mainly focuses on the solar cell.

[0073] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 The solar cell module 100 includes a glass substrate 1 and a plurality of individual cells. The plurality of individual cells are spaced apart on the glass substrate 1 in a left-right direction. A first insulating layer 2 is filled between two adjacent individual cells. Each individual cell includes a cadmium telluride cell layer 3, a connecting layer 4 and a perovskite cell layer 5 stacked sequentially from bottom to top. The connecting layer 4 includes an insulating layer 42 and a first metal layer 41. In every two adjacent individual cells, the individual cell closer to the left is connected to the individual cell closer to the right through the first metal layer 41.

[0074] In this invention, the solar cell module 100 can absorb both indoor light (weak light) and outdoor light (strong light), making it suitable for various applications. Simultaneously, the first metal layer 41 is connected by the gap between two individual cells, allowing the first metal layer 41 to connect adjacent individual cells. This effectively utilizes the "dead zone" between the solar cell module 100, further improving its performance. The first insulating layer 2 is used to isolate adjacent individual cells, preventing leakage current and short circuits in the solar cell module 100. The perovskite cell layer 5 absorbs both outdoor and indoor light, enabling the solar cell module 100 to operate in both strong and weak light environments. The cadmium telluride cell layer 3 absorbs sunlight, enhancing the solar cell module 100's efficiency in strong light conditions. Thus, the cadmium telluride cell layer 3 and the perovskite cell layer 5 work together to improve the efficiency of the solar cell module 100.

[0075] It should be noted that the connection method between multiple single cells is not limited and can be selected according to the actual situation. In this embodiment, two adjacent single cells are connected in series through the first metal layer 41 to form a closed loop, so that the solar cell module 100 can work normally.

[0076] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the cadmium telluride battery layer 3 includes a first electrode layer 31, a window layer 32, an absorption layer 33, a back contact layer 34, and a metal back electrode layer, which are stacked sequentially from bottom to top; the perovskite battery layer 5 includes a second electrode layer 51, a perovskite layer 52, and a third electrode layer 53, which are stacked sequentially from bottom to top.

[0077] Please see Figure 2The first metal layer 41 includes a first metal connection layer 411, a second metal connection layer 412, and a third metal connection layer 413. The first metal connection layer 411 and the second metal connection layer 412 are spaced apart on the upper surface of the back contact layer 34. In every two adjacent single cells, the second metal connection layer 412 on the single cell near the left extends to connect with the third electrode layer 53 on the single cell near the right. The third metal connection layer 413 is disposed above the first insulating layer 2. In every two adjacent single cells, one end of the third metal connection layer 413 is connected to the first electrode layer 31 on the cadmium telluride battery layer 3 of the single cell near the left, and the other end is connected to the first metal connection layer 411 on the perovskite battery layer 5 of the single cell near the right. In this embodiment, the first metal layer 41 is used to connect the cadmium telluride battery layer 3 and the perovskite battery layer 5. The first metal connection layer 411 is connected to the back contact layer 34, and the second metal connection layer 412 is connected to the second electrode layer 51. The purpose of providing the second metal connection layer 412 is to reduce the resistance of the second electrode layer 51, increase the carrier collection capability of the second electrode layer 51, reduce energy loss, and improve the efficiency of the perovskite battery layer 5. The first metal connection layer 411 is connected to the cadmium telluride battery layer 3 and forms the electrode of the cadmium telluride battery layer 3. The purpose of providing the third metal connection layer 413 is to connect two adjacent single-cell batteries to form the solar cell module 100. Furthermore, the arrangement of the first metal connection layer 411, the second metal connection layer 412, and the third metal connection layer 413 is not limited. They can be arranged separately, or they can be arranged in an integral manner, with the entire first metal layer 41 arranged above multiple single cells, and then the first metal layer 41 can be cut into the first metal connection layer 411, the second metal connection layer 412, and the third metal connection layer 413 by means of laser or other methods.

[0078] For further information, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1 In this embodiment, one function of the second metal connection layer 412 is to serve as the back electrode of the cadmium telluride battery layer 3, and another function is to connect the cadmium telluride battery layer 3 and the perovskite battery layer 5, which are arranged in the vertical direction and located on the same battery cell, in series; the first metal connection layer 411 is connected to the second electrode layer 51 to reduce the resistance of the perovskite battery layer 5.

[0079] It should be noted that the arrangement of the first metal connection layer 411 and the second metal connection layer 412 is not limited. Specifically, in actual operation, the first metal connection layer 411 and the second metal connection layer 412 can be integrally formed, and then etched apart by laser according to process requirements to form the first metal connection layer 411 and the second metal connection layer 412.

[0080] For further information, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 2 The insulating layer 42 includes a first insulating layer 421, a second insulating layer 422, and a third insulating layer 423. The first insulating layer 421 is disposed between the second metal connection layer 412 and the back contact layer 34 to separate the second metal connection layer 412 from the back contact layer 34. The second insulating layer 422 is disposed between the first metal connection layer 411 and the second metal connection layer 412 and is connected to the first insulating layer 421. The third insulating layer 423 is disposed below the first insulating layer 421, with one end connected to the first insulating layer 421 and the other end extending to connect to the first electrode layer 31. In this embodiment, the insulating layer 42 is used to separate the cadmium telluride battery layer 3 and the perovskite battery layer 5 in the same single cell, preventing the two layers from directly contacting each other and causing a short circuit. The first insulating layer 421 is filled between the first metal connection layer 411 and the second metal connection layer 412 to isolate them and prevent electron transfer, which could lead to a short circuit. Furthermore, the purpose of the second insulating layer 422 is to prevent the second metal connection layer 412 from contacting the back contact layer 34, etc. The purpose of the third insulating layer 423 is to prevent the back contact layer 34, the window layer 32, and the absorption layer 33 from short-circuiting with the third metal connection layer 413. It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the arrangement of the first insulating layer 421, the second insulating layer 422, and the third insulating layer 423 is not limited. They can be arranged individually or in an integral molding manner, in which the entire insulating layer 42 is arranged on multiple single batteries, and then the entire insulating layer 42 is cut into the first insulating layer 421, the second insulating layer 422, and the third insulating layer 423 by means of laser or other methods.

[0081] Furthermore, one purpose of the insulating layer 42 is to fill the micropores on the absorption layer 33 and the back contact layer 34 of the cadmium telluride battery layer 3, so as to prevent electrons from the second electrode layer 51 from being transferred to the first electrode layer 31 through the micropores, causing the solar cell module 100 to short-circuit. Another purpose is to support the first metal layer 41 and prevent the first metal layer 41 from breaking due to height difference.

[0082] It should be noted that the first insulating layer 421, the second insulating layer 422 and the third insulating layer 423 can also play a protective role to a certain extent, in order to isolate water and oxygen in the air, prevent water and oxygen in the air from entering the cadmium telluride battery layer 3 and causing corrosion to the cadmium telluride battery layer 3, and improve the stability of the solar cell.

[0083] Please continue reading. Figure 2 The connecting layer 4 further includes a second insulating layer 43, which covers the first metal connecting layer 411, a portion of the second metal connecting layer 412, and the third metal connecting layer 413, and exposes a portion of the second metal connecting layer 412. In this embodiment, the second insulating layer 43 covers the first metal connecting layer 411 to prevent the cadmium telluride cell layer 3 on the single cell near the left end from short-circuiting with the perovskite cell layer 5. The second insulating layer 43 covers the third metal connecting layer 413 to prevent the perovskite cell layer 5 on the single cell near the left end from short-circuiting with the perovskite cell layer 5 on the single cell near the right end. Exposing a portion of the second metal connecting layer 412 allows the second metal connecting layer 412 to contact the second electrode layer 51, thereby reducing the resistance of the second electrode layer 51 and improving the efficiency of the solar cell.

[0084] The material of the second insulating layer 43 is not limited, as long as it can prevent short circuits inside the solar cell module 100. Considering the light absorption capacity of the solar cell module 100 itself, a transparent material is preferred as the material of the second insulating layer 43. In some embodiments, the material of the second insulating layer 43 is a transparent organic resin. In other embodiments, the material of the second insulating layer 43 is a photosensitive resin.

[0085] Similarly, the material of the insulating layer 42 is not selected, as long as it can prevent short circuits inside the solar cell module 100. Considering the light absorption characteristics of the solar cell module 100, a transparent material is preferred as the material of the insulating layer 42. Specifically, in some embodiments, the material of the insulating layer 42 is a transparent organic resin; in other embodiments, the material of the insulating layer 42 is a photosensitive resin.

[0086] It should be noted that the materials of the second insulating layer 43 and the insulating layer 42 can be the same or different. In this embodiment, in order to facilitate the fabrication of the solar cell module 100, the materials of the second insulating layer 43 and the insulating layer 42 are the same. As a preferred embodiment of this embodiment, the materials of the second insulating layer 43 and the insulating layer 42 are both photosensitive resin.

[0087] In some embodiments, the window layer 32 is made of CdS; in other embodiments, the window layer 32 is made of CdSe; the absorption layer 33 is made of CdTe; the back contact layer 34 is made of ZnTe; and the second electrode layer 51 is made of aluminum. In still other embodiments, the second electrode layer 51 is made of copper.

[0088] Please continue reading. Figure 2 The perovskite solar cell layer 5 further includes a second metal layer 54, which is disposed above the third electrode layer 53. It should be noted that the second metal layer 54 can be optionally provided or not. When the solar cell module 100 is used in a strong light environment, the second metal layer 54 is provided on the third electrode layer 53 to reduce the resistance of the third electrode layer 53 and improve the efficiency of the cell. When the solar cell module 100 is used in a weak light environment, the second metal layer 54 is omitted to ensure the light transmittance of the solar cell module 100.

[0089] Furthermore, the material of the second metal layer 54 is preferably selected to have a resistance lower than that of the third electrode layer material 53. Specifically, the material of the second metal layer 54 is preferably gold.

[0090] Please refer to the following: the angle between the upper surface of the first insulating layer 2 and the upper surface of the glass substrate 1 is α, where α < 70°. Specifically, in actual production, when setting the first metal layer 41, coating and printing technology is often required. To avoid breakage during coating or metal oxide film formation, the first insulating layer 2 needs to be tilted at an angle not exceeding 70° to avoid open circuits and improve the stability of the solar cell module 100.

[0091] Furthermore, considering the light transmittance of the solar cell module 100, in some embodiments, the first insulating layer 2 is made of transparent organic resin; in other embodiments, the first insulating layer 2 is made of photosensitive organic resin.

[0092] Furthermore, this invention also proposes a method for preparing a solar cell module, used to prepare the aforementioned solar cell module 100. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 3 The method for preparing the solar cell module includes the following steps:

[0093] Step S10: Deposit a cadmium telluride battery layer 3 on the glass substrate 1.

[0094] It should be noted that, for ease of preparation, in this embodiment, the entire cadmium telluride battery layer 3 is deposited on the glass substrate 1, and then the entire cadmium telluride battery layer 3 is cut into multiple individual cadmium telluride battery layers along the front-back direction. In another embodiment, the layers can also be deposited separately, with one individual cadmium telluride battery layer deposited at a time.

[0095] Specifically, in step S10, the following steps can be performed: depositing a first electrode layer 31 on the glass substrate 1 using vapor deposition; depositing a window layer 32 on the first electrode layer 31 using vapor deposition; depositing an absorption layer 33 on the window layer 32 using vapor transport deposition or vacuum sublimation; and depositing a back contact layer 34 on the absorption layer 33 using vapor deposition, thereby obtaining a cadmium telluride battery layer. The specific operation methods for vapor deposition, vacuum sublimation, and vapor transport deposition can be referred to conventional methods in the art, and will not be elaborated here.

[0096] Step S20: Cut the cadmium telluride battery layer 3 sequentially along the front-back direction to obtain multiple individual cadmium telluride battery layers.

[0097] In step S20, the following steps can be used: the cadmium telluride battery layer 3 is sequentially cut along the front-back direction using laser etching to obtain multiple individual cadmium telluride battery layers. During the cutting process, the width of the first electrode layer 31 is greater than the width of any one of the window layer 32, the absorption layer 33, and the back contact layer 34.

[0098] It should be noted that during the actual cutting process, it is necessary to ensure that the window layer 32, the absorption layer 33, and the back contact layer 34 are aligned on both sides to ensure the light transmittance of the final solar cell module 100. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure that the width of the first electrode layer 31 is greater than the width of any one of the window layer 32, the absorption layer 33, and the back contact layer 34 to facilitate the overlapping of the third metal connection layer 413 in subsequent steps.

[0099] Step S30: Sequentially, a first insulating layer 2 is provided between every two adjacent cadmium telluride battery cells.

[0100] In step S30, the specific steps are as follows: a first insulating layer 2 is sequentially applied between every two adjacent cadmium telluride cell layers using a coating method. The height of the right end of the first insulating layer 2 is not lower than the height of the adjacent cadmium telluride cell layer on the right, and the height of the left end is not lower than the height of the first electrode layer 31 on the adjacent cadmium telluride cell layer on the left. This arrangement of the first insulating layer 2 serves two purposes: firstly, it facilitates the application of the third metal interconnect layer 413 on the first insulating layer 2 in subsequent steps, preventing cracking of the third metal interconnect layer 413 during the drying and film formation process; secondly, it also prevents directional short circuits between adjacent single cells.

[0101] Step S40: Sequentially deposit a connecting layer 4 on each of the individual cadmium telluride battery layers.

[0102] Step S40 can be performed using the following steps:

[0103] Step S401: A first insulating layer 421 is disposed above a portion of the back contact layer 34, and a third insulating layer 423 is disposed below the first insulating layer 421.

[0104] Step S402: A first metal connection layer 411 is provided on another part of the back contact layer 34, and a second metal connection layer 412 is provided on the first insulating layer 421.

[0105] Step S403: Fill the space between the first metal connection layer 411 and the second metal connection layer 412 with the second insulating layer 422;

[0106] Step S404: A third metal connection layer 413 is provided above the first insulating layer 2 to obtain the connection layer 4.

[0107] It should be noted that, in actual operation, when setting the first isolation layer 421, the second isolation layer 422 and the third isolation layer 423, the entire isolation layer 42 can be set first, and then laser etching or other methods can be used to etch and divide the entire isolation layer 42 into the first isolation layer 421, the second isolation layer 422 and the third isolation layer 423.

[0108] Similarly, when setting the first metal interconnect layer 411, the second metal interconnect layer 412 and the third metal interconnect layer 413, the entire first metal layer 41 can be set first, and then laser etching or other methods can be used to etch and divide the entire first metal layer 41 into the first metal interconnect layer 411, the second metal interconnect layer 412 and the third metal interconnect layer 413.

[0109] Step S50: Sequentially deposit a second insulating layer 43 on each of the connecting layers 4.

[0110] When performing step S50, the following steps can be taken:

[0111] Step S501: Apply a second insulating layer 43 sequentially to the first metal layer 41, the second metal bonding layer 412, and the third metal bonding layer 413 using a slot coating method or a screen printing method.

[0112] Step S502: Use laser etching to etch away part of the second insulating layer 43 located on the second metal interconnect layer 412, exposing part of the second metal interconnect layer 412.

[0113] Step S60: Perovskite cell layers 5 are sequentially deposited on each of the second insulating layers 43 to obtain a solar cell module 100.

[0114] When performing step S60, the following steps can be taken:

[0115] Step S601: A second electrode layer 51, a perovskite layer 52 and a third electrode layer 53 are sequentially disposed on each of the second insulating layers 43 from bottom to top;

[0116] Step S602: A second metal layer 54 is disposed on each of the third electrode layers 53 to obtain a solar cell module 100.

[0117] Furthermore, the present invention also proposes a solar cell, which includes a plurality of solar cell modules 100, which are connected in parallel or in series. Since the solar cell described herein adopts all the technical solutions of all the above embodiments, it has at least all the beneficial effects brought about by the technical solutions of the above embodiments, which will not be described in detail here.

[0118] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solar cell module, characterized in that, include: Glass substrate; as well as, Multiple single-cell batteries are spaced apart on the glass substrate in a left-right direction. A first insulating layer is filled between two adjacent single-cell batteries. Each single-cell battery includes a cadmium telluride battery layer, a connecting layer and a perovskite battery layer stacked sequentially from bottom to top. The connecting layer includes an insulating layer and a first metal layer. In every two adjacent single-cell batteries, the single-cell battery closer to the left is connected to the single-cell battery closer to the right through the first metal layer. The cadmium telluride battery layer includes a first electrode layer, a window layer, an absorption layer, a back contact layer, and a metal back electrode layer stacked sequentially from bottom to top; the perovskite battery layer includes a second electrode layer, a perovskite layer, and a third electrode layer stacked sequentially from bottom to top. The first metal layer includes a first metal connection layer, a second metal connection layer and a third metal connection layer. The first metal connection layer and the second metal connection layer are disposed at intervals on the upper surface of the back contact layer, and the third metal connection layer is disposed above the first insulating layer. The connecting layer further includes a second insulating layer that covers the first metal connecting layer, a portion of the second metal connecting layer, and the third metal connecting layer, and exposes a portion of the second metal connecting layer.

2. The solar cell module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In every two adjacent cells, the second metal connection layer on the cell near the left extends to connect with the reduced third electrode layer on the cell near the right; and in every two adjacent cells, one end of the third metal connection layer is connected to the first electrode layer on the cadmium telluride cell layer of the cell near the left, and the other end is connected to the first metal connection layer on the perovskite cell layer of the cell near the right. The metal back electrode layer includes the first metal connection layer.

3. The solar cell module as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The insulating layer includes: A first insulating layer is disposed between the second metal connection layer and the back contact layer to separate the second metal connection layer from the back contact layer. A second insulating layer is disposed between the first metal connection layer and the second metal connection layer, and is connected to the first insulating layer; and, The third insulating layer is disposed below the first insulating layer, with one end connected to the first insulating layer and the other end extending to connect to the first electrode layer.

4. The solar cell module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The material of the second insulating layer includes organic resin or inorganic insulating material; and / or, The insulating layer is made of organic resin or inorganic insulating layer.

5. The solar cell module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The material of the window layer includes CdS or CdSe; and / or, The absorber layer is made of CdTe; and / or, The material of the back contact layer includes ZnTe; and / or, The material of the second electrode layer includes at least one of Al, Mn, Cr, Ag, and Cu.

6. The solar cell module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The perovskite solar cell layer further includes a second metal layer, which is disposed above the third electrode layer.

7. The solar cell module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The angle between the upper surface of the first insulating layer and the upper surface of the glass substrate is α, where α < 70°.

8. The solar cell module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The material of the first insulating layer includes photosensitive organic resin.

9. A method for preparing a solar cell module, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: A cadmium telluride battery layer is deposited on a glass substrate; The cadmium telluride battery layers are cut sequentially along the front-to-back direction to obtain multiple individual cadmium telluride battery layers. A first insulating layer is sequentially disposed between every two adjacent cadmium telluride battery cells; A connecting layer is sequentially disposed on each of the aforementioned cadmium telluride battery cells; A second insulating layer is sequentially disposed on each of the aforementioned connecting layers; Perovskite cell layers are sequentially deposited on each of the second insulating layers to obtain a solar cell module.

10. The method for preparing a solar cell module as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The steps for depositing a cadmium telluride battery layer on a glass substrate include: A first electrode layer is deposited on a glass substrate using vapor deposition. A window layer is then deposited on the first electrode layer using vapor deposition. An absorption layer is deposited on the window layer using vapor transport deposition or vacuum sublimation. Finally, a back contact layer is deposited on the absorption layer using vapor deposition to obtain a cadmium telluride battery layer.

11. The method for preparing a solar cell module as described in claim 9, characterized in that, Each of the aforementioned cadmium telluride battery layers includes a first electrode layer, a window layer, an absorption layer, and a back contact layer, which are stacked sequentially from bottom to top; The step of sequentially cutting the cadmium telluride battery layers along the front-to-back direction to obtain multiple individual cadmium telluride battery layers includes: The cadmium telluride battery layers are sequentially cut along the front-to-back direction using laser etching to obtain multiple individual cadmium telluride battery layers. During the cutting process, the width of the first electrode layer is greater than the width of any one of the window layer, the absorption layer, and the back contact layer.

12. The method for preparing a solar cell module as described in claim 9, characterized in that, Each of the aforementioned cadmium telluride battery layers includes a first electrode layer; The step of sequentially setting a first insulating layer between every two adjacent cadmium telluride battery cells includes: The first insulating layer is coated sequentially using a coating method, and then a pattern is fabricated on the first insulating layer using a photolithography process. Wherein, the height of the right end of the first insulating layer is not lower than the height of the single cadmium telluride battery layer near the right, and the height of the left end is not lower than the height of the first electrode layer on the single cadmium telluride battery layer near the left.

13. The method for preparing a solar cell module as described in claim 9, characterized in that, Each of the aforementioned cadmium telluride battery cells includes a back contact layer, the connection layer includes an insulating layer and a first metal layer, the first metal layer includes a first metal connection layer, a second metal connection layer and a third metal connection layer, and the insulating layer includes a first insulating layer, a second insulating layer and a third insulating layer; The step of sequentially setting a connecting layer on each of the aforementioned cadmium telluride battery cells includes: A first insulating layer is disposed above a portion of the back contact layer, and a third insulating layer is disposed below the first insulating layer; A first metal connection layer is provided on the back contact layer in another part, and a second metal connection layer is provided on the first isolation layer; A second insulating layer is filled between the first metal connection layer and the second metal connection layer; A third metal connection layer is disposed above the first insulating layer to obtain a connection layer.

14. The method for preparing a solar cell module as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The connection layer includes a first metal layer, which includes a first metal connection layer, a second metal connection layer, and a third metal connection layer. The step of sequentially depositing a second insulating layer on each of the aforementioned connecting layers includes: A second insulating layer is sequentially deposited on the first metal layer, the second metal connection layer, and the third metal connection layer by means of coating or screen printing. A portion of the second insulating layer located on the second metal interconnect layer is etched away using laser etching, exposing a portion of the second metal interconnect layer.

15. The method for preparing a solar cell module as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The steps of sequentially depositing perovskite cell layers on each of the second insulating layers to obtain a solar cell module include: A second electrode layer, a perovskite layer, and a third electrode layer are sequentially disposed on each of the second insulating layers from bottom to top; A second metal layer is disposed on each of the third electrode layers to obtain a solar cell module.

16. A solar cell, characterized in that, It includes multiple solar cell modules, which are connected in parallel or in series. The solar cell modules are solar cell modules as described in any one of claims 1 to 8 or solar cell modules prepared by the method of preparing solar cell modules as described in any one of claims 9 to 15.

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