A single-axis orbit tracking photovoltaic power generation system and operation control method

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, and particularly relates to a single-axis track type photovoltaic power generation system and an operation control method. In view of the low solar energy utilization rate of the existing single-axis track photovoltaic power generation system, the present application adopts the following technical scheme: a single-axis track type photovoltaic power generation system, comprising: a rotating shaft, which is vertically arranged; a photovoltaic assembly; a support track, which has a smooth support surface; a first connecting assembly, which connects the photovoltaic assembly and the support track; and a second connecting assembly, which connects the photovoltaic assembly and the rotating shaft; wherein the first connecting assembly is configured to enable the lower end of the photovoltaic assembly to move along the support surface; and wherein the second connecting assembly is configured to enable the photovoltaic assembly to move up and down relative to the rotating shaft while rotating with the rotating shaft. The present application has the beneficial effect of achieving the effect of double-axis tracking through a single rotating shaft.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of photovoltaic power generation technology, specifically relating to a single-axis track-tracking photovoltaic power generation system and its operation control method. Background Technology

[0002] To capture more solar energy, photovoltaic systems use tracking devices to keep the solar panels aligned with the sun at all times. Based on the number of axes in the tracking system, solar tracking methods can be divided into single-axis and dual-axis types.

[0003] Because the Earth exhibits both rotation and revolution, and because there is an angle between the Earth's rotational axis and the plane supporting its orbit, solar panels using single-axis tracking cannot always be directly aligned with the sun throughout the year. While dual-axis tracking can achieve constant alignment with the sun, it significantly increases the cost of the tracking system.

[0004] Traditional single-axis tracking methods can be categorized into horizontal, vertical, and inclined single-axis based on the direction of the rotation axis. To improve the solar energy utilization rate of single-axis tracking, various methods have been devised. For example, relevant literature indicates that in regions rich in solar energy resources, manually adjusting the angle between the inclined single-axis rotation axis and the ground four times a year can enable the solar panels to receive 97%–98% of the annual solar radiation as with dual-axis tracking; manually adjusting the position of the solar panels only three times a day can increase power generation by 24.5% compared to a fixed inclined plane.

[0005] Overall, these improvements mostly involve adding manual adjustment steps to the existing single-axis structure, without proposing any new structure. Adding manual adjustment steps would result in a significant workload. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention addresses the shortcomings of existing single-axis tracking photovoltaic power generation systems in terms of low solar energy utilization by providing a single-axis track-tracking photovoltaic power generation system and its operation control method, thereby improving solar energy utilization under the premise of single-axis tracking.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a single-axis track-tracking photovoltaic power generation system, the single-axis track-tracking photovoltaic power generation system comprising:

[0008] Rotation axis, vertically installed;

[0009] Photovoltaic modules;

[0010] The support track has a smooth support surface;

[0011] A first connecting component connects the photovoltaic module and the support track;

[0012] A second connecting component connects the photovoltaic module and the rotating shaft;

[0013] The first connecting component is configured to allow the lower end of the photovoltaic module to move along the supporting surface;

[0014] The second connecting component is configured such that the photovoltaic module can move up and down relative to the rotating axis while rotating with the rotating axis.

[0015] The single-axis track-tracking photovoltaic power generation system of the present invention, by setting up a support track, a first connecting component and a second connecting component, and a vertically set rotating shaft, when rotating, due to the change in the height of the lower end of the photovoltaic module or the change in the height of the rotating shaft, the photovoltaic module slides up and down relative to the rotating shaft, and the angle of the photovoltaic module relative to the rotating shaft also changes. Thus, the photovoltaic module can adapt to the change of the solar azimuth angle by rotating the rotating shaft, and adapt to the change of the solar altitude angle by sliding the photovoltaic module up and down. That is, the effect of dual-axis tracking can be basically achieved by using a single rotating shaft.

[0016] As an improvement, the support surface has at least one section that is higher in the middle and lower at both ends.

[0017] As an improvement, the projection of the support surface of the support track onto the horizontal plane is circular.

[0018] As an improvement, the rotational speed of the rotating shaft is consistent with the Earth's rotation speed, and the rate of change of the height of the section of the support surface of the support track that is higher in the middle and lower at both ends matches the rate of change of the optimal tilt angle of radiation under local sunshine hours.

[0019] As an improvement, the distances and heights from the rotating axis to the ground of each part of the support surface are calculated based on the height of the rotating axis from the ground, the length of the photovoltaic module, and the optimal radiation angle at different times in the local area.

[0020] As an improvement, when the position of the lower end of the photovoltaic module is adjusted by the height of the support surface, the first connecting component includes a first roller disposed in the support track and a first connecting member connected to the first roller, the first connecting member being rotatably connected to the lower end of the photovoltaic module; the second connecting component includes a guide groove fixedly connected to the photovoltaic module, a second roller disposed in the guide groove of the guide groove, and a second connecting member connected to the second roller, the second connecting member being fixedly connected to the upper end of the rotating shaft.

[0021] As an improvement, a sewage discharge channel is provided on the support track.

[0022] As an improvement, the second connecting assembly includes a roller shaft fixedly connected to the second roller, with rolling wheels at both ends of the roller shaft, and the rolling wheels abutting against the guide groove.

[0023] As an improvement, the opening of the guide groove of the guide member faces downward, and the second roller supports the guide groove member.

[0024] As an improvement, the support surfaces are all the same height, while the height of the lower end of the photovoltaic module is adjustable.

[0025] As an improvement, the first connecting assembly includes a first roller disposed in the support rail, a first connecting member connected to the first roller, and a lifting push rod disposed on the first connecting member, wherein the output rod of the lifting push rod is rotatably connected to the lower end of the photovoltaic module; the second connecting assembly includes a guide groove fixedly connected to the photovoltaic module, a second roller disposed in the guide groove of the guide groove, and a second connecting member connected to the second roller, wherein the second connecting member is fixedly connected to the upper end of the rotating shaft.

[0026] As an improvement, the support surfaces are all the same height, while the height of the rotating shaft is adjustable.

[0027] As an improvement, the first connecting assembly includes a first roller disposed in the support rail and a first connecting member connected to the first roller, the first connecting member being rotatably connected to the lower end of the photovoltaic module; the rotating shaft includes an electric push rod; the second connecting assembly includes a guide groove fixedly connected to the photovoltaic module, a second roller disposed in the guide groove of the guide groove, and a second connecting member connected to the second roller, the second connecting member being fixedly connected to the output rod of the electric push rod.

[0028] An operation control method for a single-axis track-tracking photovoltaic power generation system, applied to the aforementioned single-axis track-tracking photovoltaic power generation system, includes the following steps:

[0029] Step S1: Adjust the initial angle of the photovoltaic module to match the solar azimuth and solar altitude angle at this time;

[0030] Step S2: Make the vertical rotating axis rotate at the speed of the Earth's rotation. The rotating axis drives the photovoltaic module to rotate synchronously, so that the angle of the photovoltaic module always follows the solar azimuth angle.

[0031] Step S3: While the photovoltaic module is rotating, it slides up and down relative to the rotation axis. The tilt angle between the photovoltaic module and the rotation axis changes, so that the angle of the photovoltaic module always follows the solar altitude angle at the current moment.

[0032] The beneficial effects of the single-axis track-tracking photovoltaic power generation system of the present invention are as follows: by setting up a support track, a first connecting component and a second connecting component, and the vertically set rotating shaft, when rotating, the photovoltaic module slides up and down relative to the rotating shaft due to the change in the height of the lower end of the photovoltaic module or the change in the height of the rotating shaft, and the angle of the photovoltaic module relative to the rotating shaft also changes. Thus, the photovoltaic module can adapt to the change in the solar azimuth angle by rotating the rotating shaft, and adapt to the change in the solar altitude angle by sliding the photovoltaic module up and down. That is, the effect of dual-axis tracking can be basically achieved by using a single rotating shaft.

[0033] The operation control method of the single-axis track-tracking photovoltaic power generation system of the present invention, using the single-axis track-tracking photovoltaic power generation system of the present invention, has all the beneficial effects of the single-axis track-tracking photovoltaic power generation system of the present invention. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single-axis track-tracking photovoltaic power generation system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the support track and the photovoltaic module of the single-axis track-tracking photovoltaic power generation system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the rotating shaft and the photovoltaic module of the single-axis track-tracking photovoltaic power generation system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the calculation principle of the track relative to the ground dimension of the single-axis track-tracking photovoltaic power generation system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the single-axis track-tracking photovoltaic power generation system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the support track and the photovoltaic module of the single-axis track-tracking photovoltaic power generation system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the rotating shaft and the photovoltaic module of the single-axis track-tracking photovoltaic power generation system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the single-axis track-tracking photovoltaic power generation system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the support track and the photovoltaic module of the single-axis track-tracking photovoltaic power generation system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the rotating shaft and the photovoltaic module of the single-axis track-tracking photovoltaic power generation system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0044] In the diagram, 1 is the rotating shaft; 11 is the electric actuator.

[0045] 2. Photovoltaic modules;

[0046] 3. Support rails;

[0047] 4. First connecting assembly; 41. First roller; 42. First connector; 43. Lifting push rod;

[0048] 5. Second connecting component; 51. Guide groove component; 52. Second roller; 53. Second connecting component. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be explained and described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the following embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and not all embodiments. Other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments in the implementation methods without creative effort are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0050] See Figures 1 to 10 The present invention discloses a single-axis track-tracking photovoltaic power generation system, the single-axis track-tracking photovoltaic power generation system comprising:

[0051] Rotation axis, vertically installed;

[0052] Photovoltaic modules;

[0053] The support track has a smooth support surface;

[0054] A first connecting component connects the photovoltaic module and the support track;

[0055] A second connecting component connects the photovoltaic module and the rotating shaft;

[0056] The first connecting component is configured to allow the lower end of the photovoltaic module to move along the supporting surface;

[0057] The second connecting component is configured such that the photovoltaic module can rotate with the rotating axis while moving up and down relative to the rotating axis.

[0058] The single-axis track-tracking photovoltaic power generation system of the present invention, by setting up a support track, a first connecting component and a second connecting component, and a vertically set rotating shaft, when rotating, due to the change in the height of the lower end of the photovoltaic module or the change in the height of the rotating shaft, the photovoltaic module slides up and down relative to the rotating shaft, and the angle of the photovoltaic module relative to the rotating shaft also changes. Thus, the photovoltaic module can adapt to the change of the solar azimuth angle by rotating the rotating shaft, and adapt to the change of the solar altitude angle by sliding the photovoltaic module up and down. That is, the effect of dual-axis tracking can be basically achieved by using a single rotating shaft.

[0059] Example 1

[0060] See Figures 1 to 4 According to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, a single-axis track-tracking photovoltaic power generation system includes:

[0061] Rotation axis 1, vertically installed;

[0062] Photovoltaic module 2;

[0063] Support rail 3 has a smooth support surface;

[0064] The first connecting component 4 connects the photovoltaic module 2 and the support track 3;

[0065] The second connecting component 5 connects the photovoltaic module 2 and the rotating shaft 1;

[0066] The first connecting component 4 is configured to allow the lower end of the photovoltaic module 2 to move along the supporting surface;

[0067] The second connecting component 5 is configured such that the photovoltaic module 2 can move up and down relative to the rotating shaft 1 while rotating with the rotating shaft 1.

[0068] In this embodiment, the support surface has at least one section that is higher in the middle and lower at both ends.

[0069] In this embodiment, the projection of the support surface of the support track 3 onto the horizontal plane is circular.

[0070] In this embodiment, the rotation speed of the rotating shaft 1 is consistent with the Earth's rotation speed, and the rate of change of the height of the middle section of the support surface of the support track 3, which is higher at the middle and lower at both ends, matches the rate of change of the optimal tilt angle of radiation under local sunshine hours.

[0071] In this embodiment, the distances and heights from the ground to each part of the support surface to the rotating shaft 1 are calculated based on the height of the rotating shaft 1 from the ground, the length of the photovoltaic module 2, and the optimal radiation angle at different times in the local area.

[0072] Specifically, see Figure 4Given the height of the rotating shaft 1, the length of the photovoltaic module 2, and the optimal radiation angle at noon (12:00), by selecting the connection position between the photovoltaic module 2 and the rotating shaft 1 (e.g., 1 / 3 of the distance from the top), the distance between the support surface of the support track 3 and the rotating shaft 1, as well as its height above the ground, can be obtained. Then, based on the optimal radiation angle, the height above the ground of the support surface at the next moment (e.g., 13:00) is determined. Based on the rotation angle of the photovoltaic module 2 at that moment (e.g., 13:00), which indicates the location of the rotating shaft at that moment, the distance between the support surface and the rotating shaft 1 at that moment is determined. The distance between the support surface of the support track 3 and the rotating shaft 1 at other moments is determined in the same way. The accuracy of the support surface can be improved by increasing the segmentation accuracy. Typically, dividing the area into 12 parts according to the sunshine duration from 6:00 to 18:00 is sufficient to meet the requirements.

[0073] In this embodiment, when the lower position of the photovoltaic module 2 is adjusted by the height of the support surface, the first connecting component 4 includes a first roller 41 disposed in the support track 3 and a first connecting member 42 connected to the first roller 41. The first connecting member 42 is rotatably connected to the lower end of the photovoltaic module 2. The second connecting component 5 includes a guide groove 51 fixedly connected to the photovoltaic module 2, a second roller 52 disposed in the guide groove of the guide groove 51, and a second connecting member 53 connected to the second roller 52. The second connecting member 53 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the rotating shaft 1.

[0074] In other embodiments, to prevent the lower end of the photovoltaic module 2 from sliding, the support track 3 has a side wall located outside the first roller 41, and the first connector 42 is also provided with a roller with a vertical axis. The roller abuts against the side wall of the support track 3 to ensure that the lower end of the photovoltaic module 2 will not slide.

[0075] In this embodiment, a sewage discharge channel is provided on the support track 3.

[0076] In other embodiments, the second connecting component 5 further includes a roller shaft fixedly connected to the second roller 52, with rolling wheels at both ends of the roller shaft, the rolling wheels abutting against the guide groove. When the rolling wheels are not provided, the frictional contact area between the photovoltaic module 2 and the second connecting component 5 is large and is sliding friction. By providing rolling wheels, the frictional force when the photovoltaic module 2 moves up and down can be reduced, making the movement of the photovoltaic module 2 smoother.

[0077] In this embodiment, the opening of the guide groove of the guide groove member 51 faces downward, and the second roller 52 supports the guide groove member 51. The downward-facing opening of the guide groove can reduce the accumulation of rainwater, impurities, etc., in the guide groove.

[0078] In this embodiment, the support track 3 includes a support surface and two side walls.

[0079] In other embodiments, the support track 3 may also have only the support surface 2 without the vertical sidewalls.

[0080] In other embodiments, a shielding element may be provided above the support track 3, such as two deformable objects with low middle and low ends, and the first roller 41 passes between the two deformable objects.

[0081] In this embodiment, the first connecting component 4 and the second connecting component 5 are only shown in a simplified manner. Existing structures that enable one component (photovoltaic module 2) to be driven to rotate by another component (rotating shaft 1) and to slide relative to the other component can be directly or modified and applied here as the second connecting component 5.

[0082] The beneficial effects of the single-axis track-tracking photovoltaic power generation system in Embodiment 1 of the present invention are as follows: By setting up a support track 3, a first connecting component 4, and a second connecting component 5, when the vertically mounted rotating shaft 1 rotates, the photovoltaic component 2 slides up and down relative to the rotating shaft 1 due to changes in the height of the lower end of the photovoltaic component 2 or the height of the rotating shaft 1, and the angle of the photovoltaic component 2 relative to the rotating shaft 1 also changes. Thus, the photovoltaic component 2 can adapt to changes in the solar azimuth angle by rotating the rotating shaft 1, and adapt to changes in the solar altitude angle by sliding the photovoltaic component 2 up and down. That is, the effect of dual-axis tracking can be basically achieved through a single rotating shaft 1; no additional power source is required; and because the support surface of the support track 3 has a height difference, it is easier to remove debris from the support track 3.

[0083] Example 2

[0084] See Figures 5 to 7 In this embodiment, the support surfaces are all the same height, while the height of the lower end of the photovoltaic module 2 is adjustable. "All support surfaces are the same height" refers to their dimensions relative to the rotation axis 1. When the rotation axis 1 is tilted, the support surfaces also tilt.

[0085] In this embodiment, the first connecting component 4 includes a first roller 41 disposed in the support rail 3, a first connector 42 connected to the first roller 41, and a lifting push rod 43 disposed on the first connector 42. The output rod of the lifting push rod 43 is rotatably connected to the lower end of the photovoltaic module 2. The second connecting component 5 includes a guide groove 51 fixedly connected to the photovoltaic module 2, a second roller 52 disposed in the guide groove of the guide groove 51, and a second connector 53 connected to the second roller 52. The second connector 53 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the rotating shaft 1.

[0086] In this embodiment, the structure at one end of the photovoltaic module 2 connected to the rotating shaft 1 can be the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0087] The advantages of the single-axis track-tracking photovoltaic power generation system of Embodiment 2 compared to Embodiment 1 are: by controlling the lifting push rod 43, it can be more easily adapted to different sunshine areas without the need to specially manufacture a special support track 3.

[0088] Example 3

[0089] See Figures 8 to 10 In this embodiment, the support surfaces are at the same height, and the height of the rotating shaft 1 is adjustable.

[0090] In this embodiment, the first connecting component 4 includes a first roller 41 disposed in the support rail 3 and a first connector 42 connected to the first roller 41. The first connector 42 is rotatably connected to the lower end of the photovoltaic module 2. The rotating shaft 1 includes an electric push rod 11. The second connecting component 5 includes a guide groove 51 fixedly connected to the photovoltaic module 2, a second roller 52 disposed in the guide groove of the guide groove 51, and a second connector 53 connected to the second roller 52. The second connector 53 is fixedly connected to the output rod of the electric push rod 11.

[0091] In this embodiment, the structure at one end of the photovoltaic module 2 connected to the support track 3 can be the same as in Embodiment 1 (the support track 3 is different).

[0092] The advantages of the single-axis track-tracking photovoltaic power generation system of Embodiment 3 compared to Embodiment 1 are: it can be more easily adapted to different sunshine areas by controlling the electric push rod, without the need to specially manufacture a special support track 3.

[0093] Examples of operation control methods for single-axis track-tracking photovoltaic power generation systems

[0094] A method for operating control of a single-axis track-tracking photovoltaic power generation system, applied to Figures 1 to 4 Or he Figures 5 to 7 or Figures 8 to 10 A single-axis track-tracking photovoltaic power generation system includes the following steps:

[0095] Step S1: Adjust the initial angle of photovoltaic module 2 to match the solar azimuth and solar altitude angle at this time;

[0096] Step S2: Rotate the vertical rotating shaft 1 at the speed of the Earth's rotation. The rotating shaft 1 drives the photovoltaic module 2 to rotate synchronously, so that the angle of the photovoltaic module 2 always follows the solar azimuth angle.

[0097] Step S3: While rotating, the photovoltaic module 2 slides up and down relative to the rotation axis 1, and the tilt angle between the photovoltaic module 2 and the rotation axis 1 changes, so that the angle of the photovoltaic module 2 always follows the solar altitude angle at the current moment.

[0098] Since the rotation axis 1 rotates at the same speed as the Earth's rotation, tracking the solar azimuth angle is relatively easy. The key lies in tracking the solar altitude angle. The vertical sliding of the photovoltaic module 2 can be achieved by changing the height of its lower end. The change in the height of the lower end of the photovoltaic module 2 can be... Figures 1 to 4 The height change of the support surface of support track 3 can be passively achieved, or it can be... Figures 5 to 7 As in the example, a lifting push rod 43 is set up to actively change the position. The vertical sliding of the photovoltaic module can also be achieved by changing the height of the upper part of the photovoltaic module 2, such as... Figures 8 to 10 As in the example, the rotating shaft 1 includes an electric push rod 11, which is used to adjust the height of the upper part of the photovoltaic module 2.

[0099] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention includes, but is not limited to, the content described in the above specific embodiments. Any modifications that do not depart from the functional and structural principles of the present invention will be included within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A single-axis track-tracking photovoltaic power generation system, characterized in that: The single-axis track-tracking photovoltaic power generation system includes: Rotation shaft (1), vertically set; Photovoltaic modules (2); The support track (3) has a smooth support surface; The first connecting component (4) connects the photovoltaic module (2) and the support track (3); The second connecting component (5) connects the photovoltaic module (2) and the rotating shaft (1); The first connecting component (4) is configured to allow the lower end of the photovoltaic module (2) to move along the support surface; The second connecting component (5) is configured such that the photovoltaic module (2) can move up and down relative to the rotating shaft (1) while rotating with the rotating shaft (1); The supporting surface has at least one section that is higher in the middle and lower at both ends; The projection of the support surface of the support track (3) onto the horizontal plane is circular; the rotation speed of the rotation axis (1) is consistent with the Earth's rotation speed; the rate of change of the height of the section of the support surface of the support track (3) that is high in the middle and low at both ends matches the rate of change of the optimal tilt angle of radiation under local sunshine hours. Based on the height of the rotating shaft (1) above the ground, the length of the photovoltaic module (2), and the optimal radiation angle at different times in the local area, the distance and height of each part of the support surface from the rotating shaft (1) above the ground are calculated. The first connecting component (4) includes a first roller (41) disposed in the support rail (3) and a first connector (42) connected to the first roller (41), the first connector (42) being rotatably connected to the lower end of the photovoltaic module (2); the second connecting component (5) includes a guide groove (51) fixedly connected to the photovoltaic module (2), a second roller (52) disposed in the guide groove of the guide groove (51), and a second connector (53) connected to the second roller (52), the second connector (53) being fixedly connected to the upper end of the rotating shaft (1).

2. A method for operating and controlling a single-axis track-tracking photovoltaic power generation system, applied to the single-axis track-tracking photovoltaic power generation system described in claim 1, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step S1: Adjust the initial angle of the photovoltaic module (2) to match the solar azimuth and solar altitude angle at this time; Step S2: Make the vertical rotating shaft (1) rotate at the speed of the Earth's rotation. The rotating shaft (1) drives the photovoltaic module (2) to rotate synchronously, so that the angle of the photovoltaic module (2) always follows the solar azimuth angle. Step S3: While the photovoltaic module (2) is rotating, it slides up and down relative to the rotation axis (1). The tilt angle between the photovoltaic module (2) and the rotation axis (1) changes, so that the angle of the photovoltaic module (2) always follows the solar altitude angle at the current moment.

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