Self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing devices and systems, wearable devices and keyboards

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device, comprising a motion characteristic converter for converting an external force on the motion characteristic converter into an acting force on a nanogenerator; the nanogenerator for generating an electric charge corresponding to the acting force; a breakdown discharger, the breakdown discharger comprising: a charge accumulation structure, the charge accumulation structure comprising a first electrode and a second electrode, the first electrode and the second electrode for accumulating the electric charge; a breakdown discharge structure, the breakdown discharge structure having a first discharge tip electrically connected to the first electrode and a second discharge tip electrically connected to the second electrode, the first discharge tip and the second discharge tip having a discharge gap therebetween, the electric charge forming an electric field between the discharge gap, wherein the electric field causes a breakdown discharge to form between the discharge gap, a current generated by the breakdown discharge causing an electromagnetic wave to be emitted. Furthermore, the present disclosure also relates to a self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing system, a wearable device and a keyboard.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to a self-powered wireless motion sensing device, a self-powered wireless motion sensing system, a wearable device, and a keyboard. Background Technology

[0002] With the development and application of smartphones, wearable devices, and smart home appliances, there is a need to collect physical information from these devices in real time, enabling monitoring of the devices themselves or the usage status of the users. Furthermore, by uploading this physical information to the Internet of Things (IoT), connectivity and interaction between these devices can be achieved, thereby promoting the intelligent development of industries such as industrial production, transportation, and home life.

[0003] At the heart of the development of these smart devices and the Internet of Things (IoT) are various information sensors. Sensors come in a variety of types, each used to perform different functions, such as object identification, location determination, motion sensing, temperature, and pressure sensing. Regardless of their function, sensors typically require a power supply unit, a sensing unit that converts physical information into electrical signals, and a transmission unit for transmitting or sending those signals. This traditional sensor structure is usually implemented through circuits, which are complex to design and manufacture. Furthermore, for wireless sensors, the power supply unit is usually powered by a battery, and the wireless transmission unit needs to convert electrical signals into wireless signals for transmission. This leads to a further increase in the size of wireless sensors, making them difficult to use in miniature devices such as implantable devices. Additionally, the use of batteries necessitates ongoing maintenance, such as charging or replacing the battery when it runs out of power. Moreover, common wireless transmission units, such as Bluetooth, NFC, and RFID, have an effective transmission distance ranging from 0.02 meters to 10 meters, which also limits the application of these sensors.

[0004] Therefore, to address the aforementioned shortcomings of existing sensor architectures, it is necessary to develop a sensor that can sense different motion characteristics, is self-powered, and can perform remote wireless transmission. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, this disclosure provides a self-powered wireless motion sensing device capable of converting motion characteristics, such as touch, pressure, speed, acceleration, or relative displacement, into electromagnetic wave signals with amplitude and / or spectral characteristics. Furthermore, the self-powered wireless motion sensing device according to this disclosure has a small size, thus enabling flexible application in smart devices such as wearable devices and implants. In addition, this disclosure also provides a self-powered wireless motion sensing system, as well as a wearable device and a keyboard including the self-powered wireless motion sensing system.

[0006] According to embodiments of this disclosure, a self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device is provided, comprising: a motion characteristic converter for converting an external force on the motion characteristic converter into a force acting on a nanogenerator; a nanogenerator for generating a charge corresponding to the force; and a breakdown discharge structure, the breakdown discharge structure comprising: a charge accumulation structure including a first electrode and a second electrode that are insulated from each other, the first electrode and the second electrode being used to accumulate the charge; and a breakdown discharge structure having a first discharge tip electrically connected to the first electrode and a second discharge tip electrically connected to the second electrode, a discharge gap being formed between the first discharge tip and the second discharge tip, the charge forming an electric field between the discharge gap; wherein the electric field causes a breakdown discharge to form between the discharge gap, and the current generated by the breakdown discharge causes the emission of electromagnetic waves.

[0007] According to another optional embodiment of the self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device of this disclosure, the nanogenerator includes a hollow sealed body, the motion characteristic converter includes a liquid movable within the hollow sealed body, and the charge accumulation structure is attached to the outside of the hollow sealed body. In the event of rotation, oscillation, and / or linear motion of the self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device, the liquid moves relative to the hollow sealed body and contacts and rubs against the inner wall of the hollow sealed body, thereby generating an electric charge within the hollow sealed body.

[0008] According to another optional embodiment of the self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device of this disclosure, wherein the nanogenerator forms a power generation layer, the first electrode and the second electrode are configured as electrode plates and sandwich the nanogenerator in the middle, the nanogenerator and the first electrode are spaced apart from each other by an air gap, wherein, when the self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device is subjected to external force, the air gap is compressed, the nanogenerator comes into contact with the first electrode and generates an electric charge.

[0009] According to another optional embodiment of the self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device of this disclosure, the nanogenerator is composed of a first thin film layer and a second thin film layer, the first electrode and the second electrode are configured as electrode plates, and the first electrode, the first thin film layer, the second thin film layer and the second electrode are stacked in sequence to form a sandwich structure, wherein the first thin film layer and the second thin film layer are spaced apart from each other by an air gap, wherein when the self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device is squeezed by an external force, the air gap is squeezed, and the first thin film layer and the second thin film layer come into contact and generate charge.

[0010] According to another optional embodiment of the self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device disclosed herein, the nanogenerator is configured as a thin film layer, the breakdown discharger forms an electrode plate, and the self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device further includes a substrate layer, wherein the breakdown discharger is disposed between the nanogenerator and the substrate layer, thereby forming a sandwich structure.

[0011] According to another optional embodiment of the self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device of this disclosure, wherein the first electrode is connected to the first discharge tip of the breakdown discharge structure via a first wire, and the second electrode is connected to the second discharge tip of the breakdown discharge structure via a second wire.

[0012] According to another alternative embodiment of the self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device of this disclosure, the nanogenerator is made of an electronegative material.

[0013] According to another alternative embodiment of the self-powered wireless motion sensing device of this disclosure, the nanogenerator is made of fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer (FEP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).

[0014] According to another alternative embodiment of the self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device of this disclosure, the discharge gap is in the range of 5 to 500 micrometers.

[0015] According to another optional embodiment of the self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device of this disclosure, an electrostatic isolation layer is disposed on the exposed surfaces of the first electrode and the second electrode.

[0016] According to another optional embodiment of the self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device of this disclosure, the liquid is deionized water.

[0017] According to another alternative embodiment of the self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device of this disclosure, the substrate layer is made of a rigid material.

[0018] A second aspect of this disclosure relates to a self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing system, comprising a plurality of self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing devices according to this disclosure, configured to emit electromagnetic waves corresponding to the motion or deformation of the plurality of self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing devices; a signal receiver configured to receive the electromagnetic waves and transmit them to a signal processor; and a signal processor connected to the signal receiver, configured to determine the motion or deformation of the self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing devices based on the amplitude and / or spectrum of the electromagnetic waves.

[0019] According to another optional embodiment of the self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing system disclosed herein, the plurality of self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing devices each have a discharge gap of different sizes, thereby generating electromagnetic waves of different spectra.

[0020] According to another optional embodiment of the self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing system of this disclosure, the charge accumulation structure of the plurality of self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing devices is made of materials with different electrical conductivity.

[0021] A third aspect of this disclosure relates to a wearable device comprising a self-powered wireless motion sensing system according to the present disclosure, wherein the motion or deformation of the self-powered wireless motion sensing device corresponds to the wearer's motion state, respiratory rate, heart rate, pulse rate, muscle state, and / or joint state.

[0022] A fourth aspect of this disclosure relates to a keyboard that includes a self-powered wireless motion sensing system according to this disclosure, wherein the self-powered wireless motion sensing device is designed as a key.

[0023] The self-powered wireless motion sensing device and system disclosed herein can convert motion characteristics, such as touch, pressing, speed, acceleration, or relative displacement, into electromagnetic wave signals with amplitude and / or spectral characteristics. They offer advantages such as requiring no battery or external power supply, small size, and no need for signal transmission equipment, making them convenient and flexible for applications in space-constrained environments where battery replacement is inconvenient or wiring for wired power input and signal output is impractical. Based on these advantages, this disclosure also provides a wearable device and keyboard including the self-powered wireless motion sensing device and system. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some exemplary embodiments of this disclosure. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device according to the present disclosure is shown.

[0026] Figure 2A A schematic diagram of a droplet-type self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0027] Figure 2BA cross-sectional view of a droplet-type self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0028] Figure 3A A schematic diagram of a separate, self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0029] Figure 3B and 3C Cross-sectional views are shown of two states of the separate self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0030] Figure 4A A schematic diagram of another discrete self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0031] Figure 4B and 4C Cross-sectional views are shown of two states of another discrete self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0032] Figure 5A A schematic diagram of a contact-type self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0033] Figure 5B and 5C Cross-sectional views are shown of two states of the contact-type self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0034] Figure 6 This diagram illustrates a self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing system according to the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this disclosure more apparent, exemplary embodiments according to this disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of this disclosure, and not all embodiments of this disclosure. It should be understood that this disclosure is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described herein.

[0036] In this specification and accompanying drawings, substantially the same or similar steps and elements are indicated by the same or similar reference numerals, and repeated descriptions of these steps and elements will be omitted. Furthermore, in the description of this disclosure, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or order.

[0037] In this specification and accompanying drawings, elements are described in singular or plural forms according to embodiments. However, the singular and plural forms are suitably chosen for the presented cases merely for ease of explanation and are not intended to limit the disclosure thereto. Thus, singular forms may include plural forms, and plural forms may include singular forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In embodiments of this disclosure, unless otherwise clearly stated, "connection" does not necessarily mean "direct connection" or "direct contact," but only requires electrical connection.

[0038] Artificial intelligence (AI) is the theory, methods, technology, and application systems that use digital computers or machines controlled by digital computers to simulate, extend, and expand human intelligence, perceive the environment, acquire knowledge, and use that knowledge to achieve optimal results. In other words, AI is a comprehensive technology within computer science that attempts to understand the essence of intelligence and produce a new kind of intelligent machine that can react in a way similar to human intelligence. AI studies the design principles and implementation methods of various intelligent machines, enabling them to possess the functions of perception, reasoning, and decision-making.

[0039] Artificial intelligence (AI) is a comprehensive discipline encompassing a wide range of fields, including both hardware and software technologies. Fundamental AI technologies generally include sensors, dedicated AI chips, cloud computing, distributed storage, big data processing, operating / interactive systems, and mechatronics. AI software technologies primarily include computer vision, speech processing, natural language processing, and machine learning / deep learning.

[0040] The field of artificial intelligence requires the application of a large number of sensors, and the self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device according to this disclosure can play an important role in the field of artificial intelligence.

[0041] Figure 1A schematic diagram of a self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device 100 according to the present disclosure is shown. The self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device 100 includes a motion characteristic converter 110, a nanogenerator 120, and a breakdown discharger 130. The motion characteristic converter 110 converts an external force on the motion characteristic converter 110 into a force acting on the nanogenerator 120. The nanogenerator 120 generates a charge corresponding to the force. The breakdown discharger 130 includes a charge accumulation structure and a breakdown discharge structure. The charge accumulation structure includes a first electrode and a second electrode that are insulated from each other, and the first electrode and the second electrode are used to accumulate the charge. The breakdown discharge structure has a first discharge tip electrically connected to the first electrode and a second discharge tip electrically connected to the second electrode, with a discharge gap between the first discharge tip and the second discharge tip. The charge forms an electric field between the discharge gap. The electric field causes a breakdown discharge to occur between the discharge gap, and the current generated by the breakdown discharge causes the emission of electromagnetic waves.

[0042] Nanogenerator 120 is a very small generator capable of converting mechanical energy into electrical energy in the nanometer range. For example, a nanogenerator can be a piezoelectric nanogenerator or a triboelectric nanogenerator.

[0043] As an example, a piezoelectric nanogenerator includes electrodes and nanowires (e.g., ZnO), with two electrodes sandwiched between a dielectric material made of nanowires. When the dielectric material is compressed by an external force, the nanowires are compressed on one side and stretched on the other due to bending. Based on the positive and negative piezoelectric effects, positive and negative charges are generated on the two opposite sides of the stretched and compressed nanowires, respectively, thereby creating a potential difference between the two electrodes connected to the two opposite sides. If the two electrodes are electrically connected, an electric current is generated, thus converting mechanical energy into electrical energy.

[0044] As another example, triboelectric nanogenerators are designed based on the "triboelectric effect," or more precisely, the "contact electrification effect." For instance, when two different materials come into contact, their atoms approach each other, sharing electron orbitals. Because the atomic nuclei of different materials have different abilities to attract electrons, electrons transfer between the two atoms. The nucleus with a stronger electron-attracting ability becomes negatively charged, and the nucleus with a weaker electron-attracting ability becomes positively charged. While friction is not a necessary condition for electrification, it promotes the transfer of electrons between the two atoms, thus creating a stronger potential difference. After contact electrification occurs, if the two materials are separated or staggered, the states of electron gain or loss on both materials are preserved. At this point, one material is negatively charged and the other positively charged. As the two materials move away from or towards each other, the amount of charge that can be bound to each material changes due to electrostatic induction. If the two materials are electrically connected, a current is formed in the connection. Triboelectric nanogenerators are typically formed as thin films, and when they come into contact with or rub against an object, both the triboelectric nanogenerator and the object carry different types of charges due to the contact electrification effect. Electrically connecting them to achieve charge transfer can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.

[0045] In this disclosure, nanogenerators, particularly triboelectric nanogenerators, are made of electronegative materials. The electronegativity exhibited by an electronegative material can be understood as its ability to gain electrons. However, the ability of a material to gain electrons is relative; that is, a particular electronegative material may exhibit electronegativity relative to another material that can gain electrons, while it may exhibit positive charge relative to another material that has a stronger ability to gain electrons due to the loss of electrons.

[0046] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments according to this disclosure, it is defined herein as an electronegative material being a material with a strong ability to attract electrons, and therefore an electronegative material is more likely to acquire a negative charge and thus exhibit electronegativity when in contact with other materials. Furthermore, an electropositive material is also defined, which is understood to be a material with a strong ability to lose electrons, and therefore an electropositive material is more likely to acquire a positive charge and thus exhibit electropositivity when in contact with other materials.

[0047] According to another alternative embodiment of the self-powered wireless motion sensing device of this disclosure, the nanogenerator, in particular the triboelectric nanogenerator, is made of fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer (FEP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), or polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).

[0048] Although nanogenerators achieve the conversion between mechanical energy and electrical energy, due to the piezoelectric effect and triboelectric effect, not all forms of external force can generate electrical energy; that is, only pressure and / or friction in a specific direction can generate electrical energy. For motion characteristic sensing devices using nanogenerators as power supply units, the motion to be detected varies in different application scenarios, and different motion forms will cause different forms of external force. Therefore, in order to convert the external forces caused by different motion forms into pressure and / or friction in a specific direction, a motion characteristic converter 110 can be arranged. The motion characteristic converter 110 has different structures for different motion forms, which will be described in detail in the following embodiments.

[0049] A breakdown discharger 130 is also arranged in the self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensor device 100. The breakdown discharger accumulates or collects the charge generated by the nanogenerator through its charge accumulation structure, namely the first electrode and the second electrode. The first electrode and the second electrode are electrically connected to the first discharge tip and the second discharge tip, respectively. Due to the large surface curvature and dense equipotential surfaces at the first discharge tip and the second discharge tip, the electric field strength between the first discharge tip and the second discharge tip increases dramatically. When the electric field strength is high enough, it will break down the insulating medium between the first discharge tip and the second discharge tip. More specifically, under the action of this electric field, high-speed electrons will collide with air molecules, and these air molecules will generate ions and new electrons, eventually forming an electron avalanche and plasma. Plasma can be regarded as a cluster oscillation of charged particles, thereby generating a rapidly changing displacement current. According to the total current Ampere's law (as shown in Equation (1)) and Faraday's law (as shown in Equation (2)) in Maxwell's equations as shown below:

[0050]

[0051]

[0052] Where E and D are the electric field strength and electric displacement, respectively; B and H are the magnetic flux density and magnetic field strength, respectively; and J is the current density. Rapidly changing displacement current. A large magnetic field is generated, and the changing magnetic field in turn generates an electric field, thus forming electromagnetic waves.

[0053] Radio signals are transmitted via electromagnetic waves. Some characteristics of these radio signals correspond to the physical quantity being measured, thus enabling the wireless sensing function of a self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device to wirelessly determine the physical quantity being measured using radio signals. Furthermore, by changing the structure of the self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device, the characteristics of the transmitted radio signals, such as amplitude and spectrum, can be altered. Therefore, a self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing system can be composed of multiple self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing devices with different structural parameters. And by observing the characteristics of the radio signals transmitted by multiple self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing devices, corresponding to their structural parameters, the source of the radio signals can be determined.

[0054] The self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device disclosed herein achieves the sensing function of measuring physical quantities such as velocity and acceleration of the mechanical motion of the object under test, and realizes the coupling of motion signal-electrical signal-electromagnetic wave with a simple structure. Compared with traditional wireless motion characteristic sensors, the self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device disclosed herein does not require a separate power supply unit, such as a power line or battery, nor does it require complex mechanical, electrical and / or optical sensing structures such as gyroscopes, accelerometers, and infrared detectors, and it also does not require signal modulation modules and signal transmission modules. The self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device disclosed herein has a simple overall structure, and all parts can be easily combined into a small, lightweight, and flexible whole. In addition, compared with traditional wireless communication methods such as Bluetooth, NFC, RFID and magnetic resonance, the self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device disclosed herein has a longer signal transmission distance. Based on the above advantages, the self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device disclosed herein can be applied to electronic skin sensing technology, implantable electronic devices, wearable devices and other scenarios.

[0055] Figure 2A A schematic diagram of a droplet-type self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. In this droplet-type self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device 200, the nanogenerator includes a hollow sealed body 201, the motion characteristic transducer includes a liquid 202 movable within the hollow sealed body 201, and the charge accumulation structure 203 abuts against the outer side of the hollow sealed body 201. When the self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device undergoes rotation, oscillation, and / or linear motion, the liquid moves relative to the hollow sealed body and contacts and rubs against the inner wall of the hollow sealed body, generating an electric charge within the hollow sealed body.

[0056] Figure 2BA cross-sectional view of a droplet-type self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. In this embodiment, the nanogenerator is made of an electronegative material, such as fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer (FEP), and is configured as a hollow sealed body 201, such as a hollow tube. The hollow sealed body 201 serves as a container for liquid 202, allowing the liquid to flow within the hollow sealed body 201.

[0057] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the liquid can be water, and optionally deionized water, i.e., nearly pure water obtained by removing ionic impurities from the water. The liquid 202 within the hollow sealed body 201 can be a small droplet or any amount of liquid injected into the hollow sealed body 201. In the optimal case, the volume of the liquid 202 is half the volume of the hollow sealed body 201, at which point the nanogenerator can achieve maximum charge output. A charge accumulation structure 203, consisting of a first electrode 2031 and a second electrode 2032, is wrapped around the outer wall of the hollow sealed body 201.

[0058] In this embodiment, the charge accumulation structure 203 can be a metal with good conductivity, such as copper, iron, and aluminum, or other conductive materials such as carbon nanomaterials and indium tin oxide (ITO). The first electrode 2031 and the second electrode 2032 are respectively attached to the outer wall of the hollow sealed body 201, which serves as a nanogenerator, and are spaced apart from each other. Furthermore, the first electrode 2031 and the second electrode 2032 are electrically connected to the breakdown discharge structure 204.

[0059] When liquid 202 comes into contact with the hollow sealed body 201, due to the contact electrostatic effect, a charge is generated and charge transfer occurs at the contact surface. The hollow sealed body 201, supported by an electronegative material such as PET, carries a negative charge at the part in contact with liquid 202, while liquid 202 carries a positive charge. If the droplet-type self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device 200 moves or changes its motion state due to external force, liquid 202 will flow in the hollow sealed body 201, thus changing the size and distribution of the contact surface between liquid 202 and hollow sealed body 201.

[0060] exist Figure 2BIn the illustrated case, liquid 202 is entirely located on the left side of hollow seal 201 and carries a positive charge, while the left side portion of hollow seal 201 carries a negative charge. Therefore, in the first electrode 2031, positive charge accumulates on the contact surface with hollow seal 201, while negative charge accumulates at locations away from hollow seal 201. In this situation, an electric field is formed between the first electrode 2031 and the second electrode 2032. From this state, liquid 202 gradually flows to the right. Under the influence of the electric field, the discharge gap of the breakdown discharge structure 204 is broken down, i.e., the first electrode 2031 and the second electrode 2032 are electrically connected through an electric arc.

[0061] As the positively charged liquid 202 flows to the right, under the influence of electrostatic induction, the negative charges on the hollow seal 201 and the first electrode 2031 are gradually transferred to the second electrode 2032 through the conductive breakdown discharge device 204. This forms a current. During this process, the amount of negative charge on the first electrode 2031 decreases, while the amount of negative charge on the second electrode 2032 increases. When the difference between the amount of charge accumulated on the first electrode 2031 and the amount of charge accumulated on the second electrode 2032 is zero, the electric field strength between the first electrode 2031 and the second electrode 2032 is zero, and the arc in the gap of the breakdown discharge device 204 is extinguished. As the positively charged liquid 202 flows further to the right, the right side of the hollow seal 201 carries more and more negative charge, and therefore the amount of negative charge accumulated on the second electrode 2032 also increases. When the liquid 202 is completely located on the right side of the hollow seal 201, the amount of charge on the second electrode 2032 reaches its maximum. After this, the liquid 202 can gradually flow to the left. During this process, the positive charge distribution of liquid 202, the negative charge distribution of hollow sealed body 201, and the negative charge transfer process on the second electrode 2032 and the first electrode 2031 are consistent with the process of liquid 202 flowing from left to right.

[0062] In the embodiments described above, it is assumed that breakdown occurs when the liquid 202 is completely concentrated on one side, i.e., when the amount of charge accumulated on the first electrode 2031 or the second electrode 2032 reaches its maximum, which is also when the electric field strength of the breakdown discharger 204 reaches its maximum. In another embodiment, for example, the electric field strength required for breakdown can be reduced by decreasing the spacing of the gap in the breakdown discharger 204 or by changing the dielectric in the gap. That is, when most of the liquid 202 is concentrated on one side, i.e., when the difference between the amount of charge accumulated on the first electrode 2031 and the amount of charge accumulated on the second electrode 2032 reaches a certain level, for example, when the absolute value of the difference exceeds a certain threshold, the breakdown discharger 204 breaks down. Furthermore, in the embodiments described above, it is assumed that when the difference between the amount of charge accumulated on the first electrode 2031 and the amount of charge accumulated on the second electrode 2032 is equal to zero, i.e., when the electric field strength between the first electrode 2031 and the second electrode 2032 is equal to zero, the arc in the gap of the breakdown discharger 204 is extinguished. In practice, depending on the medium in the gap of the breakdown discharger 204, the arc in the gap of the breakdown discharger 204 may be extinguished when the difference between the amount of charge accumulated on the first electrode 2031 and the amount of charge accumulated on the second electrode 2032 is low to a certain extent, for example, when the absolute value of the difference is less than a certain threshold.

[0063] The charge distributions shown in the illustrations of this disclosure are merely schematic diagrams, intended only for the convenience of understanding the formation of electric fields and currents.

[0064] The droplet-type self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure can generate alternating current and corresponding alternating electromagnetic wave signals, wherein the fundamental frequency of the alternating current depends on the frequency of the droplet 202 moving back and forth in the hollow sealed body 201, and the amplitude of the generated alternating current depends on the material of the hollow sealed body 201, which is a nanogenerator, the material of the charge accumulation structure 203, and the gap of the breakdown discharger 204.

[0065] When using the droplet-type self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, external mechanical movements such as rotation, swinging, seesaw, and horizontal linear motion can trigger the liquid 202 to move in the hollow sealed body 201. Based on the contact electrification effect and electrostatic induction effect, the transfer of charge on the first electrode 2031 and the second electrode 2032 can be realized, thereby causing breakdown discharge and the formation of electromagnetic waves.

[0066] Therefore, the droplet-type self-powered wireless motion sensing device of the present disclosure can be applied to marine equipment, for example. For equipment immersed in seawater or floating on the water surface, the irregular movement of waves can cause the liquid 202 to rotate, swing, seesaw, and move horizontally linearly within the hollow sealed body 201.

[0067] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the droplet-type self-powered wireless motion sensing device can also be applied to wearable devices. Human body movements include various motion scenarios, such as swinging motion when bending over, seesaw motion and horizontal linear motion when swinging arms while running. Furthermore, the droplet-type self-powered wireless motion sensing device according to embodiments of this disclosure can also be applied to rotating objects such as fans, wind turbine blades, and wheels.

[0068] Figure 3A A schematic diagram of a split-type self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device 300 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. In this split-type self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device 300, the nanogenerator 301 forms a power generation layer, the first electrode 302 and the second electrode 303 are configured as electrode plates and sandwich the nanogenerator 301 in between, and the nanogenerator 301 and the first electrode 302 are spaced apart from each other by an air gap 306, wherein, when the split-type self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device is subjected to external force, the air gap 306 is compressed, and the nanogenerator 301 comes into contact with the first electrode 302 and generates an electric charge.

[0069] like Figure 3A As shown, the first electrode 302 and the second electrode 303, as a charge accumulation structure, include two layers made of different materials: contact layers 3021 and 3031 made of electropositive materials, such as nitrile rubber (NBR) and silicone rubber, and conductive layers 3022 and 3032 made of metals, such as copper, iron, and aluminum, or other conductive materials, such as carbon nanomaterials and indium tin oxide (ITO). The contact layers 3021 and 3031 of the first electrode 302 and the second electrode 303 face the nanogenerator 301. The nanogenerator 301 can be made of an electronegative material, such as fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer (FEP), and form a power generation layer of a certain thickness.

[0070] In another embodiment, the contact layers 3021, 3031 of the first electrode 302 and the second electrode 303 can be made of an electronegative material such as FEP, while the nanogenerator 301 is made of an electronegative material. A groove can be formed in the central region of the side of the nanogenerator 301 facing the first electrode 302, such that when the nanogenerator 301, the first electrode 302, and the second electrode 303 are stacked together, an air gap 306 is formed between the nanogenerator 301 and the first electrode 302, and the thickness of this air gap 306 is greater than the thickness of the nanogenerator 301.

[0071] In some embodiments, the following is combined with Figure 3B and Figure 3CTo further explain in detail the working principle of the separate self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device, Figure 3B and Figure 3C The first and second states of the separate self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device according to embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in cross-sectional views.

[0072] In the initial state, due to the presence of the air gap 306, the nanogenerator 301 is separated from the first electrode, and therefore the nanogenerator 301, the first electrode 302, and the second electrode 303 are all uncharged.

[0073] When the first electrode 302 is subjected to an external force, such as pressing, the air gap 306 between the first electrode 302 and the nanogenerator 301 is compressed, causing the first electrode 302 to come into contact with the nanogenerator 301. Specifically, the contact layer 3021 of the first electrode 302 comes into contact with the nanogenerator 301. When the contact layer 3021 is an electropositive material and the nanogenerator 301 is an electronegative material, due to the contact electrification effect, the contact layer 3021 in contact with the nanogenerator 301 carries a positive charge, while the conductive layer 3022 away from the nanogenerator 301 carries a negative charge. The first discharge tip 304 of the breakdown discharge structure is electrically connected to the first electrode 302, and the second discharge tip 305 of the breakdown discharge structure is electrically connected to the second electrode 303, forming a discharge gap 307 between the first discharge tip 304 and the second discharge tip 305. In this case, an electric field is formed at the discharge gap 307 between the first discharge tip 304 and the second discharge tip 305.

[0074] As the external force, such as pressing, disappears, the first electrode 302 gradually rebounds, and the air gap 306 between the first electrode 302 and the nanogenerator 301 reforms, thereby separating the first electrode 302 from the nanogenerator 301. When the first electrode 302 and the nanogenerator 301 separate, under the influence of the electric field at the discharge gap 307 between the first discharge tip 304 and the second discharge tip 305, the discharge gap 307 is broken down, causing the first discharge tip 304 and the second discharge tip 305 to conduct, thereby forming a current flowing from the first electrode 302 to the second electrode 303.

[0075] After the discharge gap 307 is broken down, as the first electrode 302 and the nanogenerator 301 gradually separate, the distance between them becomes larger and larger. Consequently, the electrostatic induction between the first electrode 302 and the nanogenerator 301 weakens, and the ability of the first electrode 302 to maintain a positive charge gradually decreases. As a result, more and more positive charges move from the first electrode 302 to the second electrode 303 (in reality, more and more electrons move from the second electrode 303 to the first electrode 302). When the distance between the first electrode 302 and the nanogenerator 301 is large enough, for example, when the air gap 306 between the first electrode 302 and the nanogenerator 301 returns to its initial state, the electrostatic induction effect between the first electrode 302 and the nanogenerator 301 can be ignored. At this point, the positive charge on the first electrode 302 is completely transferred to the second electrode 303. In this case, the surface of the nanogenerator 301 with a certain thickness facing the first electrode 302 has a negative charge, while the second electrode 303 has a positive charge. Thus, the nanogenerator 301 and the second electrode 303 are electrically neutral as a whole.

[0076] When the separate self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device 300 is subjected to external force again, such as pressing, the first electrode 302 moves closer to the nanogenerator 301 again. When the gap between the first electrode 302 and the nanogenerator 301 is smaller than the thickness of the nanogenerator 301, that is, when the first electrode 302 is closer to the surface of the nanogenerator 301 facing the first electrode 302 than the second electrode 303, positive charge is induced on the first electrode 304 again under the action of electrostatic induction. That is, the positive charge on the second electrode 303 attempts to move across the discharge gap 307 to the first electrode (in reality, the electrons of the first electrode 302 attempt to move to the second electrode 303). Under the action of the electric field caused by the charge on the second electrode 303, the discharge gap 307 between the second discharge tip 305 and the first discharge tip 304 is broken down, thereby connecting the second electrode 303 and the first electrode 302, and finally forming a current flowing from the second electrode 303 to the first electrode 302. As the first electrode 302 gradually approaches and eventually contacts the nanogenerator 301, the positive charge on the second electrode 303 is completely transferred to the first electrode 302 (in reality, electrons from the first electrode 302 are transferred to the second electrode 303), thus making the nanogenerator 301 and the first electrode 302 electrically neutral as a whole.

[0077] The discrete self-powered wireless motion sensing device 300, according to embodiments of the present disclosure, can sense very minute pressure stimuli and is not limited by external power supply. Furthermore, the electromagnetic wave signal generated by the breakdown discharge gap 307 has a long propagation distance, thus enabling its application in electronic skin sensing technology, implantable electronic devices, wearable devices, and other scenarios. In one embodiment, the light transmittance of the discrete self-powered wireless motion sensing device can be improved by using a PET / ITO composite film as the first and second electrodes and a silicone rubber pad as a nanogenerator.

[0078] By splicing together the separate, self-powered wireless motion sensing devices according to embodiments of this disclosure, a flexible planar sensor with a large area can be realized, which can then be applied in the fields of touch interfaces and electronic skin. When the touch interface or electronic skin is subjected to an external force, the touch interface or electronic skin can sense the area and trajectory of the force, and then output or display this information to the user.

[0079] Figure 4A A schematic diagram of another discrete self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device 400 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0080] In another discrete self-powered wireless motion sensing device 400 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the nanogenerator comprises a first thin film layer 401 and a second thin film layer 402. A first electrode 403 and a second electrode 404 are configured as electrode plates. The first electrode 403, the first thin film layer 401, the second thin film layer 402, and the second electrode 404 are stacked sequentially in a sandwich structure, wherein the first thin film layer 401 and the second thin film layer 402 are spaced apart by an air gap 408. When this discrete self-powered wireless motion sensing device is subjected to external force, the air gap 408 is compressed, and the first thin film layer 401 and the second thin film layer 402 come into contact and generate an electric charge.

[0081] As another type of separate, self-powered wireless motion sensing device, it is relative to Figures 3A-3C The difference in the split self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device shown is that the nanogenerator here has a double-layer structure, and the nanogenerator no longer needs to have a certain thickness. Therefore, the nanogenerator composed of the first thin film layer 401 and the second thin film layer 402 can be designed to be thinner.

[0082] In this alternative split-type self-powered wireless motion sensing device, the first thin film layer 401 and the second thin film layer 402 are made of different materials, such as different electronegative materials. Therefore, when the first thin film layer 401 and the second thin film layer 402 come into contact, they will each carry charges of different polarities. Furthermore, the first discharge tip 405 of the breakdown discharge structure is electrically connected to the first electrode 403, and the second discharge tip 406 of the breakdown discharge structure is electrically connected to the second electrode 404, forming a discharge gap 707 between the first discharge tip 405 and the second discharge tip 406.

[0083] In some embodiments, the following is combined with Figure 4B and Figure 4C The working principle of this press-type self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device will be explained in further detail. Figure 4B and Figure 4C The first and second states of another discrete self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure are shown in cross-sectional views.

[0084] In the initial state, due to the presence of the air gap 408, the first thin film layer 401 and the second thin film layer 402 of the nanogenerator are spaced apart from each other, so neither the first thin film layer 401 nor the second thin film layer 402 is charged.

[0085] When the split-type self-powered wireless motion sensing device is subjected to external force, such as pressing, the air gap 408 between the first thin film layer 401 and the second thin film layer 402 is compressed, causing the first thin film layer 401 and the second thin film layer 402 to come into contact. Since the first thin film layer 401 and the second thin film layer 402 are formed of different materials, their ability to acquire electrons differs. For example... Figure 4B As shown, when the first thin film layer 401 and the second thin film layer 402 are in contact, the first thin film layer 401 has a positive charge and the second thin film layer 402 has a negative charge, and the two reach electrostatic equilibrium. Therefore, the first thin film layer 401 and the second thin film layer 402 are electrically neutral as a whole.

[0086] Subsequently, as Figure 4CAs shown, when the external force disappears, an air gap 408 gradually forms, separating the first thin film layer 401 and the second thin film layer 402. As the first thin film layer 401 and the second thin film layer 402 gradually separate, the first thin film layer 401 retains a positive charge and exhibits positive polarity, while the second thin film layer 402 retains a negative charge and exhibits electronegativity. However, the electrostatic induction effect between the first thin film layer 401 and the second thin film layer 402 weakens. Therefore, in the first electrode 403, a negative charge is induced at the contact surface in contact with the first thin film layer 401, while a positive charge is induced at a location away from the first thin film layer 401. Conversely, in the second electrode 403, a positive charge is induced at the contact surface in contact with the second thin film layer 402, while a negative charge is induced at a location away from the second thin film layer 402. Thus, a potential difference is formed between the first electrode 403 and the second electrode 404, thereby creating an electric field between the first discharge tip 405 and the second discharge tip 406.

[0087] As the separation between the first thin film layer 401 and the second thin film layer 402 increases, the amount of charge accumulated on the first discharge tip 405 and the second discharge tip 406 also increases. When the amount of charge in the first discharge tip 405 and the second discharge tip 406 accumulates to a certain extent, the discharge gap 407 between the first discharge tip 405 and the second discharge tip 406 is broken down to form an electric arc, which makes the first electrode 403 and the second electrode 404 conductive. Therefore, the charges in the first electrode 403 and the second electrode 404 can be exchanged, thereby forming a current flowing from the first electrode 403 to the second electrode 404.

[0088] If the distance between the first thin film layer 401 and the second thin film layer 402 is sufficiently large, for example, when the air gap 408 between the first thin film layer 401 and the second thin film layer 402 returns to its initial state, the electrostatic induction effect between the first thin film layer 401 and the second thin film layer 402 is very small and negligible. In this case, the first electrode 403 has an equal amount of negative charge as the positive charge on the first thin film layer 401, and the second electrode 404 has an equal amount of positive charge as the negative charge on the second thin film layer 402. Therefore, the first thin film layer 401 and the first electrode 403 are electrically neutral as a whole, and the second thin film layer 402 and the second electrode 404 are also electrically neutral as a whole. In this case, although the potential difference between the first electrode 403 and the second electrode 402 reaches its maximum, the arc between the first discharge tip 405 and the second discharge tip 406 is extinguished and the current is reduced to zero because the charge in the first electrode 403 and the second electrode 402 no longer moves.

[0089] When the separate self-powered wireless motion sensing device is subjected to external force again, such as pressing, the air gap 408 is compressed again, causing the first thin film layer 401 and the second thin film layer 402 to move closer together, and the electrostatic induction effect between the first thin film layer 401 and the second thin film layer 402 gradually increases. Conversely, the first thin film layer 401 gradually loses its constraint on the negative charge on the first electrode 403, and the second thin film layer 402 gradually loses its constraint on the positive charge on the second electrode 404. Under the influence of the electric field between the first discharge tip 405 and the second discharge tip 407, the negative charge on the first electrode 403 and the positive charge on the second electrode 404 attempt to exchange and neutralize each other. Therefore, the discharge gap 407 between the first discharge tip 405 and the second discharge tip 407 is broken down again and an electric arc is generated, thus forming a current flowing from the second electrode 404 to the first electrode 403. As the gap between the first thin film layer 401 and the second thin film layer 402 gradually decreases, the first electrode 403 and the second electrode 404 lose more and more charge. When the first thin film layer 401 and the second thin film layer 402 are in complete contact, the first electrode 403 and the second electrode 404 are no longer charged, and the first thin film layer 401 with positive charge and the second thin film layer 402 with negative charge are electrically neutral as a whole.

[0090] This alternative, separate, self-powered wireless motion sensing device according to embodiments of the present disclosure can sense very minute pressure stimuli and is not limited by external power supply. Furthermore, the electromagnetic wave signal generated by the breakdown discharge gap 407 has a long propagation distance, thus allowing its application in electronic skin sensing technology, implantable electronic devices, wearable devices, and other scenarios. Moreover, compared to… Figures 3A-3C The separate self-powered wireless motion sensor mentioned above can have a thinner structure and therefore can also be applied to touch interfaces and electronic skin technologies.

[0091] Figure 5A A schematic diagram of a contact-type self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device 500 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. In the contact-type self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device 500, a nanogenerator is configured as a thin film layer 501, a breakdown discharger forms an electrode plate, and the self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device 500 also includes a substrate layer 504, wherein the breakdown discharger is disposed between the nanogenerator 501 and the substrate layer 504, thereby forming a sandwich structure.

[0092] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the contact-type self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device 500 has a very compact and thin structure, wherein the thin film layer 501, which serves as a nanogenerator, is made of an electronegative material, such as fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer (FEP), and generates a negative charge due to contact electrification when the thin film layer 501 comes into contact with or rubs against an object.

[0093] In an example embodiment, the breakdown discharge device can be made of metal, such as copper, iron, and aluminum, or other conductive materials, such as carbon nanomaterials, indium tin oxide (ITO), etc., and the electrode plate includes a first electrode 502 and a second electrode 503. In the first electrode 502 and the second electrode 503, the charge accumulation structure and the breakdown discharge structure are integrated into a single unit, wherein the breakdown discharge structure is formed by protruding tips in the first electrode 502 and the second electrode 503, such as... Figure 5A As shown in the diagram. The substrate layer 504 can be designed according to different requirements.

[0094] For example, to enable the thin film layer 501 to rub against the object more efficiently, the base layer 504 can be constructed using a rigid material. As another example, to enable both sides of the contact-type self-powered wireless motion sensing device 500 to sense external physical forces, the base layer 504 can be constructed using the same electronegative material as the thin film layer 501, such as FEP.

[0095] Figure 5B and Figure 5C The first and second states of the contact-type self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device according to embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in cross-sectional views.

[0096] In the initial state, the thin film layer 501 is uncharged, so the contact-type self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device is electrically neutral as a whole.

[0097] When object 505 comes into contact with thin film layer 501, for example... Figure 5B As shown, object 505 first contacts the left side of thin film layer 501. Under the effect of contact electrostatics, thin film layer 501 has a negative charge at the contact point with object 505, while object 505 has a positive charge. In this case, positive charge accumulates on the contact surface of the first electrode 502 that contacts thin film layer 501, while negative charge accumulates at the location away from thin film layer 501, thereby forming an electric field between the discharge tip of the first electrode 502 and the discharge tip of the second electrode 503.

[0098] As the object 505 is subjected to an external force and begins to move to the right on the thin film layer 501, under the action of the electric field between the discharge tip of the first electrode 502 and the discharge tip of the second electrode 503, the discharge gap between the discharge tip of the first electrode 502 and the discharge tip of the second electrode 503 is broken down and an electric arc is generated, thereby forming a current flowing from the second electrode 503 to the first electrode 502.

[0099] As object 505 gradually moves to the right, as Figure 5C As shown, under the action of electrostatic induction, more and more negative charges move from the first electrode 502 to the second electrode 503 via an electric arc. When the object 505 has completely moved to the right, the negative charges no longer move, the second electrode 503 carries a negative charge equal to the amount of positive charge on the object 505, and the electric arc between the discharge tip of the first electrode 502 and the discharge tip of the second electrode 503 is extinguished.

[0100] When object 505 is subjected to an external force again and begins to move to the left, under the action of electrostatic induction, the negative charge on the right side of the thin film layer 501 and the negative charge in the second electrode 503 attempt to move to the left. Based on the potential difference between the second electrode 503 and the first electrode 502 and the electric field formed, the discharge gap between the discharge tip of the second electrode 503 and the discharge tip of the first electrode 502 is broken down and an electric arc is generated, thereby forming a current flowing from the first electrode 502 to the second electrode 503.

[0101] As object 505 gradually moves to the left, under the influence of electrostatic induction, more and more negative charges move from the second electrode 503 to the first electrode 502 via an electric arc. When object 505 has completely moved to the left, it returns to its original position. Figure 5B In the state shown, the negative charge no longer moves, the first electrode 502 carries a negative charge equal to the amount of positive charge on the object 505, and the arc between the discharge tip of the first electrode 502 and the discharge tip of the second electrode 503 is extinguished.

[0102] According to embodiments of this disclosure, a contact-based self-powered wireless motion sensing device can convert contact, pressure, and friction experienced by a thin film layer into electromagnetic wave signals. It offers advantages such as thinness, flexibility, high sensitivity, and low cost, without the need for a separate signal transmission unit or power supply constraints. Based on these advantages, the contact-based self-powered wireless motion sensing device can be used in scenarios such as electronic skin sensing technology, implantable electronic devices, and wearable devices.

[0103] In another alternative embodiment of the self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device according to the present disclosure, the first electrode is connected to the first discharge tip of the breakdown discharge structure via a first wire, and the second electrode is connected to the second discharge tip of the breakdown discharge structure via a second wire.

[0104] With the wire connection, the charge accumulated in the first and second electrodes can be transferred to the outside of the self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device, allowing for more flexible arrangement and adjustment of the breakdown discharge structure. For example, the distance between the first and second discharge tips can be easily adjusted to increase or decrease the discharge gap, and the type of dielectric between the discharge gaps can be easily adjusted, thereby changing the amplitude and spectral characteristics of the electromagnetic wave signal based on the breakdown current.

[0105] In the presence of multiple self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensors, by setting different discharge gap sizes and different dielectrics, each self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensor can generate electromagnetic waves with amplitude and / or spectral characteristics, thereby distinguishing which self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensor is being operated. Furthermore, in experimental or testing environments, because the breakdown discharge structure of the self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensors can be easily and flexibly adjusted, the relationship between different discharge gap sizes and different dielectrics and the amplitude and spectral characteristics of the electromagnetic wave signals can also be detected or verified.

[0106] The setting of the discharge gap depends not only on the amplitude and spectral characteristics of the electromagnetic wave signal to be generated, but also on the amount of charge that the nanogenerator can generate, which is determined, for example, by the material, volume, and contact surface size of the nanogenerator. A suitable discharge gap cannot be too small, otherwise the discharge voltage will be too low, resulting in a small electromagnetic wave amplitude and limiting the transmission distance of the electromagnetic wave signal. Furthermore, the discharge gap cannot be too large, otherwise the maximum amount of charge generated on the nanogenerator will not be sufficient to break down the discharge gap. In an optional embodiment of the self-powered wireless motion sensing device according to this disclosure, for a thin, lightweight self-powered wireless motion sensing device with a planar area on the centimeter scale, the discharge gap can optionally be adjusted in the range of 5 to 500 micrometers.

[0107] According to another optional embodiment of the self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device of this disclosure, for such Figure 2A and Figure 2B , Figures 3A-4C and Figures 4A-4C In the case shown where one side of the first electrode and the second electrode are exposed, an electrostatic isolation layer can be arranged on the exposed surfaces of the first electrode and the second electrode to prevent charge transfer caused by accidental human contact or contact with undesirable objects.

[0108] Figure 6 The diagram illustrates a self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing system 600 according to the present disclosure. The self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing system 600 includes two self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing devices 601 and 602 according to the present disclosure. The first self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device 601 and the second self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device 602 are configured to emit electromagnetic waves corresponding to their respective motions or deformations. The self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing system 600 includes a signal receiver 604 configured to receive the electromagnetic waves and transmit them to a signal processor 605; and a signal processor 605 connected to the signal receiver 604, configured to determine the motion or deformation of the self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing devices based on the amplitude and / or spectrum of the electromagnetic waves.

[0109] The self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing system 600 can have any number of self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing devices, such as three or more. These self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing devices can be implemented in different ways, as described in detail above, depending on the application scenario, thereby converting the motion characteristics or pressure to be sensed into electromagnetic wave signals. Furthermore, these self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing devices have different structural parameters. In an optional embodiment, the multiple self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing devices each have a different discharge gap size. In another embodiment, the charge accumulation structure of the multiple self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing devices is made of materials with different conductivities. Additionally, the RLC characteristics of the self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing devices can be modified by externally connected resistors, coils, and / or capacitors. This results in the multiple electromagnetic wave signals having different spectral characteristics corresponding to the different structural parameters, allowing the electromagnetic wave signals emitted by the multiple self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing devices to be distinguished from each other without the use of additional modulation equipment, and enabling the correspondence between the emitted electromagnetic wave signals and the emitting self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device.

[0110] The self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing system 600 also includes a signal receiver 604. The signal receiver 604 typically has a receiving coil, for example, made of copper, to wirelessly receive electromagnetic wave signals. The received electromagnetic wave signals are transmitted to a signal processor 605. The signal processor 605 can be, for example, a microcontroller in the form of an MCU or a SOC. The signal processor 605 can determine which self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device is operating based on the different spectral characteristics from different self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing devices, and can determine the motion state of the corresponding wireless motion characteristic sensing device by continuously analyzing the electromagnetic wave signals over a specific time period.

[0111] According to another aspect of this disclosure, the self-powered wireless motion sensing system according to this disclosure can be applied to wearable devices, such as... Figure 2A-2B The droplet-type self-powered wireless motion sensor shown can be placed on devices such as wristbands, watches, and glasses to determine the wearer's motion state by sensing the movement of the self-powered wireless motion sensor. Furthermore, for example... Figures 3A-3C , Figures 4A-4C and Figures 5A-5C The detachable or contact-type self-powered wireless motion sensing device shown can be deployed as electronic skin on the skin of the human body, such as on the wrist, outer surface of the chest cavity, knee joint, elbow joint, and near large muscle groups. It can then determine the wearer's respiratory rate, heart rate, pulse rate, muscle state, and / or joint state by sensing pressure changes in these areas. The signal receiver and signal processor in the self-powered wireless motion sensing system can be placed on the wearer as separate devices, such as in a pocket, or fixedly positioned as a central device. Optionally, the signal receiver and signal processor can also be integrated into anytime smart devices such as smartphones and smartwatches. The wearer's motion state, respiratory rate, heart rate, pulse rate, muscle state, and / or joint state, determined based on the electromagnetic wave signals emitted by the self-powered wireless motion sensing device, can be displayed to the wearer via a display device.

[0112] According to another aspect of this disclosure, the self-powered wireless motion sensing system of this disclosure can be applied to a keyboard. For example, it can be used... Figures 3A-3C , Figures 4A-4C and Figures 5A-5C The discrete or contact-type self-powered wireless motion sensing device shown is designed as a key. Multiple self-powered wireless motion sensing devices serving as keyboard keys convert the contact or pressure when the key is pressed into electrical energy, which is further converted into electromagnetic wave signals. These multiple self-powered wireless motion sensing devices have distinct structural parameters. Therefore, the radio signal transmitted by each self-powered wireless motion sensing device has characteristics corresponding to its structural parameters. Multiple electromagnetic wave signals transmitted by the multiple self-powered wireless motion sensing devices are received by a signal receiver, and the characteristics of the received electromagnetic wave signals can be determined by a signal processor, thereby determining which self-powered wireless motion sensing device the multiple electromagnetic wave signals originated from. Thus, it can be determined which one or more self-powered wireless motion sensing devices the keyboard user pressed, thus identifying the key pressed by the keyboard user.

[0113] The block diagrams of circuits, units, devices, apparatuses, devices, and systems disclosed herein are merely illustrative examples and are not intended to require or imply that connections, arrangements, or configurations must be made in the manner shown in the block diagrams. As those skilled in the art will recognize, these circuits, units, devices, apparatuses, and systems can be connected, arranged, and configured in any manner that achieves the desired purpose. The circuits, units, devices, and apparatuses disclosed herein can be implemented in any suitable manner, such as using application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or general-purpose processors combined with known programs.

[0114] Those skilled in the art should understand that the specific embodiments described above are merely examples and not limitations. Various modifications, combinations, partial combinations, and substitutions can be made to the embodiments of this disclosure according to design requirements and other factors, as long as they are within the scope of the appended claims or their equivalents, and are therefore protected by this disclosure.

Claims

1. A self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device, comprising: A motion characteristic converter is used to convert external forces acting on the motion characteristic converter into forces acting on the nanogenerator. Nanogenerators are used to generate electrical charges corresponding to the said force. Breakdown discharge device, the breakdown discharge device comprising: A charge accumulation structure, comprising a first electrode and a second electrode that are insulated from each other, the first electrode and the second electrode being used to accumulate the charge. A breakdown discharge structure has a first discharge tip electrically connected to the first electrode and a second discharge tip electrically connected to the second electrode, with a discharge gap between the first and second discharge tips, and the charge forming an electric field between the discharge gap. The electric field causes a breakdown discharge to form between the discharge gaps, and the current generated by the breakdown discharge causes the emission of electromagnetic waves. The amplitude and / or spectrum of the emitted electromagnetic waves correspond to the motion or deformation of the self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device.

2. The self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device according to claim 1, wherein, The nanogenerator includes a hollow sealed body. The motion characteristic converter includes a liquid that can move within the hollow sealed body. The charge accumulation structure is attached to the outside of the hollow sealed body. When the self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device rotates, swings, and / or moves linearly, the liquid moves relative to the hollow seal and contacts and rubs against the inner wall of the hollow seal, causing the hollow seal to generate an electric charge.

3. The self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device according to claim 1, wherein the nanogenerator forms a power generation layer, the first electrode and the second electrode are constructed as electrode plates and the nanogenerator is sandwiched in between, and the nanogenerator and the first electrode are separated from each other by an air gap. in, When the self-powered wireless motion sensing device is subjected to external force, the air gap is compressed, and the nanogenerator comes into contact with the first electrode and generates an electric charge.

4. The self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device according to claim 1, wherein... The nanogenerator consists of a first thin film layer and a second thin film layer. The first electrode and the second electrode are configured as an electrode plate. The first electrode, the first thin film layer, the second thin film layer, and the second electrode are stacked sequentially to form a sandwich structure, wherein the first thin film layer and the second thin film layer are spaced apart from each other by air gaps. in, When the self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device is subjected to external force, the air gap is compressed, and the first thin film layer and the second thin film layer come into contact and generate charge.

5. The self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device according to claim 1, wherein, The nanogenerator is constructed as a thin film layer, the breakdown discharger is constructed as an electrode plate, and the self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device further includes a substrate layer, wherein the breakdown discharger is disposed between the nanogenerator and the substrate layer.

6. The self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first electrode is connected to the first discharge tip of the breakdown discharge structure via a first wire, and the second electrode is connected to the second discharge tip of the breakdown discharge structure via a second wire.

7. The self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the nanogenerator is made of an electronegative material.

8. The self-powered wireless motion sensing device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the nanogenerator is made of fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer (FEP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), or polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).

9. The self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the discharge gap is in the range of 5 to 500 micrometers.

10. The self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein, An electrostatic isolation layer is disposed on the exposed surfaces of the first electrode and the second electrode.

11. The self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device according to claim 2, wherein, The liquid is deionized water.

12. The self-powered wireless motion sensing device according to claim 5, wherein the substrate layer is made of a rigid material.

13. A self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing system, comprising: Multiple self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing devices according to any one of claims 1 to 12 are configured to emit electromagnetic waves corresponding to the motion or deformation of the multiple self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing devices. A signal receiver is configured to receive the electromagnetic waves and transmit them to a signal processor. The signal processor connected to the signal receiver is configured to determine the motion or deformation of the self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device based on the amplitude and / or spectrum of the electromagnetic wave.

14. The self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing system according to claim 13, wherein, The multiple self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing devices each have a discharge gap of different sizes, thereby generating electromagnetic waves of different spectra.

15. The self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing system according to claim 13, wherein, The charge accumulation structure of the multiple self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing devices is made of materials with different electrical conductivity.

16. A wearable device comprising a self-powered wireless motion sensing system according to any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein, The motion or deformation of the self-powered wireless motion characteristic sensing device corresponds to the wearer's motion state, breathing rate, heart rate, pulse rate, muscle state, and / or joint state.

17. A keyboard comprising a self-powered wireless motion sensing system according to any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein the self-powered wireless motion sensing device is designed as a key.

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