Heterojunction bipolar transistor structure and method of forming the same

CN115602712BActive Publication Date: 2026-08-18CHANGZHOU CHEMSEMI CO LTD
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Patent Information

Application Number
CN202211312430.8
Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Patents(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
Filing Date
2022-10-25
Publication Date
2026-08-18
Estimated Expiration
2042-10-25

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Technical Problem

[0003]然而,现有的异质结双极晶体管结构在形成过程中仍存在诸多问题

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Abstract

A heterojunction bipolar transistor structure and a forming method thereof, wherein the forming method comprises: providing a substrate; forming a collector on the substrate; forming a base on the collector; forming an emitter on the base; forming a protection layer on the emitter, the protection layer having a protection layer opening therein, the protection layer exposing a part of a top surface of the emitter; forming an initial base metal layer on the emitter surface exposed by the protection layer opening and a part of the top surface of the protection layer on both sides of the protection layer opening; and performing annealing treatment on the initial base metal layer to form a base metal layer, the base metal layer penetrating the emitter and extending into the base. During the annealing treatment, the protection layer covered by the initial base metal layer acts as a barrier to effectively prevent the problem of abnormal underlayer of the initial base metal layer, thereby effectively avoiding the problem of the formed base metal layer penetrating the base and causing the base to leak, and effectively improving the reliability of the device.
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Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of semiconductor manufacturing technology, and in particular to a heterojunction bipolar transistor structure and its formation method. Background Technology

[0002] With societal development and the increasing demand for high-performance and low-cost RF components in modern communications, traditional silicon devices can no longer meet these new performance requirements. Because heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) offer significantly superior high-frequency performance compared to silicon bipolar transistors, and their compatibility with silicon processes allows them to leverage silicon's lower cost, germanium-silicon technology has made substantial progress. Germanium-silicon HBT technology has become one of the mainstream technologies in the RF integrated circuit market and has profoundly impacted the development of modern communication technology.

[0003] However, existing heterojunction bipolar transistor structures still have many problems in their formation process. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem solved by this invention is to provide a heterojunction bipolar transistor structure and a method for forming the same, so as to improve the reliability of the device.

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, the present invention provides a method for forming a heterojunction bipolar transistor structure, comprising: providing a substrate; forming a collector electrode on the substrate; forming a base electrode on the collector electrode; forming an emitter electrode on the base electrode; forming a protective layer on the emitter electrode, the protective layer having an opening therein, the opening exposing a portion of the top surface of the emitter electrode; forming an initial base metal layer on the surface of the emitter electrode exposed by the opening and on portions of the top surface of the protective layer on both sides of the opening; and annealing the initial base metal layer to form a base metal layer, the base metal layer penetrating the emitter electrode and extending into the base electrode.

[0006] Optionally, the method for forming the protective layer includes: forming an initial protective layer on the emitter; forming a patterned layer on the initial protective layer, the patterned layer having a first patterned opening that exposes a portion of the top surface of the initial protective layer; etching the initial protective layer using the patterned layer as a mask until the top surface of the emitter is exposed, thereby forming the protective layer, the protective layer having the protective layer opening.

[0007] Optionally, the method for the initial base metal layer includes: enlarging the first patterned opening to form a second patterned opening; after forming the second patterned opening, using the patterned layer as a mask, forming a base metal material layer on the emitter surface exposed by the protective layer opening, a portion of the top surface of the protective layer on both sides of the protective layer opening, and the surface of the patterned layer; and removing the base metal material layer located on the patterned layer and the surface of the patterned layer to form the initial base metal layer.

[0008] Optionally, the formation process of the base metal material layer includes: metal vapor deposition process.

[0009] Optionally, the initial base metal layer comprises a multilayer structure.

[0010] Optionally, the initial base metal layer includes a first platinum layer, a titanium layer, a second platinum layer, and a gold layer stacked sequentially.

[0011] Optionally, the first platinum metal layer penetrates the emitter and extends into the base.

[0012] Optionally, the initial base metal layer extends to a dimension of 100 nm to 150 nm on the top surface of the protective layer along a direction perpendicular to the sidewall of the opening of the protective layer.

[0013] Optionally, the material of the protective layer includes silicon nitride.

[0014] Optionally, the collector is doped with a first ion; the base is doped with a second ion, wherein the electrical types of the first ion and the second ion are different, and the doping concentration of the second ion is greater than that of the first ion.

[0015] Optionally, the emitter is doped with a third ion, the electrical type of which is different from that of the second ion, and the electrical type of which is the same as that of the first ion. The doping concentration of the third ion is greater than that of the first ion, and the doping concentration of the third ion is less than that of the second ion.

[0016] Accordingly, the present invention also provides a heterojunction bipolar transistor structure, comprising: a substrate; a collector on the substrate; a base on the collector; an emitter on the base; a protective layer on the emitter, the protective layer having an opening that exposes a portion of the base surface; and a base metal layer located on the base surface exposed by the opening and on a portion of the top surface of the protective layer on both sides of the opening, the base metal layer penetrating the emitter and extending into the base.

[0017] Optionally, the base metal layer includes a multilayer structure.

[0018] Optionally, the base metal layer includes a first platinum layer, a titanium layer, a second platinum layer, and a gold layer stacked sequentially.

[0019] Optionally, the first platinum metal layer penetrates the emitter and extends into the base.

[0020] Optionally, the base metal layer extends to a dimension of 100 nm to 150 nm on the top surface of the protective layer along a direction perpendicular to the sidewall of the opening of the protective layer.

[0021] Optionally, the material of the protective layer includes silicon nitride.

[0022] Optionally, the collector is doped with a first ion; the base is doped with a second ion, wherein the electrical types of the first ion and the second ion are different, and the doping concentration of the second ion is greater than that of the first ion.

[0023] Optionally, the emitter is doped with a third ion, the electrical type of which is different from that of the second ion, and the electrical type of which is the same as that of the first ion. The doping concentration of the third ion is greater than that of the first ion, and the doping concentration of the third ion is less than that of the second ion.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages:

[0025] In the method for forming a heterojunction bipolar transistor structure according to the technical solution of the present invention, an initial base metal layer is formed on the emitter surface exposed by the opening of the protective layer and on the top surface of a portion of the protective layer on both sides of the opening of the protective layer. During the annealing process, the protective layer covered by the initial base metal layer acts as a barrier, effectively preventing the problem of abnormal lowering of the initial base metal layer, thereby effectively preventing the formed base metal layer from penetrating the base and causing the problem of base leakage, and effectively improving the reliability of the device.

[0026] Furthermore, along the direction perpendicular to the sidewall of the protective layer opening, the initial base metal layer extends to a dimension of 100 nm to 150 nm on the top surface of the protective layer. When the initial base metal layer extends to a dimension greater than 150 nm on the top surface of the protective layer, the spacing between the initial base metal layer and other device structures in the same layer is small, which can easily cause short circuits. When the initial base metal layer extends to a dimension less than 100 nm on the top surface of the protective layer, the blocking ability of the protective layer covered by the initial base metal layer is small, which can still easily lead to the problem of the initial base metal layer abnormally falling to the bottom layer.

[0027] The heterojunction bipolar transistor structure of the present invention includes: a base metal layer located on the emitter surface exposed by the opening of the protective layer, and on a portion of the top surface of the protective layer on both sides of the opening of the protective layer. The base metal layer penetrates the emitter and extends into the base. The protective layer covering the base metal layer acts as a barrier, effectively preventing abnormal underlayer formation during the formation of the base metal layer, thereby effectively preventing the base metal layer from penetrating the base and causing base leakage, and effectively improving the reliability of the device.

[0028] Furthermore, along the direction perpendicular to the sidewall of the protective layer opening, the base metal layer extends to a dimension of 100 nm to 150 nm on the top surface of the protective layer. When the dimension of the base metal layer extending to the top surface of the protective layer is greater than 150 nm, the spacing between the base metal layer and other device structures in the same layer is small, which can easily cause short circuits; when the dimension of the base metal layer extending to the top surface of the protective layer is less than 100 nm, the blocking ability of the protective layer covered by the base metal layer is small, which can still easily lead to the problem of abnormal underlayment of the base metal layer. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figures 1 to 3 This is a schematic diagram of a heterojunction bipolar transistor structure.

[0030] Figures 4 to 10This is a schematic diagram of the steps in the method for forming a heterojunction bipolar transistor structure in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0031] It should be noted that the terms "surface" and "on" in this specification are used to describe the relative spatial position and are not limited to whether there is direct contact.

[0032] As described in the background section, existing heterojunction bipolar transistor structures still have many problems. These will be explained in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0033] Figures 1 to 3 This is a schematic diagram of the steps involved in forming a heterojunction bipolar transistor structure.

[0034] Please refer to Figure 1 A substrate 100 is provided; a collector 101 is formed on the substrate 100; a base 102 is formed on the collector 101; an emitter 103 is formed on the base 102; an initial protective layer 104 is formed on the emitter 103; a patterned layer 105 is formed on the initial protective layer 104, the patterned layer 105 having a patterned opening 106 that exposes a portion of the top surface of the initial protective layer 105.

[0035] Please refer to Figure 2 Using the patterned layer 105 as a mask, the initial protective layer 104 is etched until the top surface of the emitter 103 is exposed, forming a protective layer 107. The protective layer 107 has a protective layer opening (not shown). A base metal material layer (not shown) is formed on the surface of the emitter 103 exposed by the protective layer opening and on the surface of the patterned layer 105. The base metal material layer located on the patterned layer 105 and the surface of the patterned layer 105 is removed to form the initial base metal layer 108.

[0036] Please refer to Figure 3 The initial base metal layer 108 is annealed to form a base metal layer 109, which penetrates the emitter 103 and extends into the base 102.

[0037] In this embodiment, the initial base metal layer 108 has a multilayer structure, comprising a first platinum layer 108a, a titanium layer 108b, a second platinum layer 108c, and a gold layer 108d stacked sequentially. The titanium layer 108b serves as a barrier layer between the first platinum layer 108a and the second platinum layer 108c. After the annealing process, the first platinum layer 108a penetrates the emitter 103 and extends into the base 102.

[0038] However, during the annealing process, the second platinum layer 108c and the gold layer 108d will sink and diffuse from the edge of the titanium layer 108b into the first platinum layer 108a, increasing the metal content within the protective layer opening. This, in turn, increases the depth to which the first platinum layer 108a extends into the base 102. The abnormally sunken first platinum layer 108a can easily penetrate the base 102, causing leakage current in the base 102 and thus compromising the reliability of the device.

[0039] Based on this, the present invention provides a heterojunction bipolar transistor structure and a method for forming the same. An initial base metal layer is formed on the emitter surface exposed by the opening of the protective layer and on the top surface of a portion of the protective layer on both sides of the opening of the protective layer. During the annealing process, the protective layer covered by the initial base metal layer acts as a barrier, effectively preventing the problem of abnormal bottoming of the initial base metal layer. This effectively prevents the formed base metal layer from penetrating the base and causing base leakage, thereby effectively improving the reliability of the device.

[0040] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0041] Figures 4 to 10 This is a schematic diagram of the steps in the method for forming a heterojunction bipolar transistor structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Please refer to Figure 4 Substrate 200 is provided.

[0043] In this embodiment, the substrate 200 is made of silicon.

[0044] In other embodiments, the substrate material includes silicon carbide, silicon germanium, a multi-element semiconductor material composed of group III-V elements, silicon-on-insulator (SOI), or germanium-on-insulator (GOI). The multi-element semiconductor material composed of group III-V elements includes InP, GaAs, GaP, InAs, InSb, InGaAs, or InGaAsP.

[0045] Please refer to Figure 5 A collector 201 is formed on the substrate 200; a base 202 is formed on the collector 201; and an emitter 203 is formed on the base 202.

[0046] The collector 201 is doped with a first ion; the base 202 is doped with a second ion. The electrical types of the first ion and the second ion are different, and the doping concentration of the second ion is greater than that of the first ion.

[0047] The emitter 203 is doped with a third ion. The electrical type of the third ion is different from that of the second ion, but the electrical type of the third ion is the same as that of the first ion. The doping concentration of the third ion is greater than that of the first ion, and the doping concentration of the third ion is less than that of the second ion.

[0048] In this embodiment, the collector 201 uses a doping concentration of 1E16 atoms / cm². 3 The base 202 is an N-type gallium arsenide (GaAs) with a doping concentration of 1E19 atoms / cm². 3 P-type gallium arsenide; the emitter 203 uses a doping concentration of 1E17 atoms / cm 3 N-type gallium arsenide.

[0049] In this embodiment, after forming the emitter 203, the method further includes: forming a protective layer on the emitter 203, the protective layer having an opening therein, the protective layer exposing a portion of the top surface of the emitter 203; and forming an initial base metal layer on the surface of the emitter 203 exposed by the opening and on the portions of the top surface of the protective layer on both sides of the opening. Please refer to [reference needed for details]. Figures 6 to 9 .

[0050] Please refer to Figure 6 An initial protective layer 204 is formed on the emitter 203; a patterned layer 205 is formed on the initial protective layer 204, the patterned layer 205 having a first patterned opening 206, the first patterned opening 206 exposing a portion of the top surface of the initial protective layer 204.

[0051] In this embodiment, the first patterned opening 206 has a trapezoidal shape, which is intended to obtain better metal stripping and metal morphology.

[0052] In this embodiment, the initial protective layer 204 is used to protect the emitter 203 and prevent damage to the emitter 203 during the manufacturing process.

[0053] In this embodiment, the initial protective layer 204 is made of silicon nitride.

[0054] Please refer to Figure 7Using the patterned layer 205 as a mask, the initial protective layer 204 is etched until the top surface of the emitter 203 is exposed, forming the protective layer 207, which has the protective layer opening 208.

[0055] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, since no bias power is applied during the etching of the initial protective layer 204, the etching angle of the initial protective layer 204 is perpendicular to the surface of the initial protective layer 204. Therefore, the size of the protective layer opening 208 formed is the same as the smallest size in the first patterned opening 206.

[0056] In this embodiment, since the protective layer 207 is formed by etching the initial protective layer 204, the material of the protective layer 207 is also silicon nitride.

[0057] Please refer to Figure 8 The first patterned opening 206 is enlarged to form the second patterned opening 209.

[0058] In this embodiment, the process of enlarging the first patterned opening 206 is carried out by plasma etching. The enlarged second patterned opening 209 allows for a larger opening width when the initial base metal layer is subsequently deposited, so that the formed initial base metal layer can cover part of the top surface of the protective layer 207 on both sides of the protective layer opening 208.

[0059] Please refer to Figure 9 After forming the second patterned opening 209, using the patterned layer 205 as a mask, a base metal material layer (not shown) is formed on the surface of the emitter 203 exposed by the protective layer opening 208, a portion of the top surface of the protective layer 207 on both sides of the protective layer opening 208, and the surface of the patterned layer 205; the base metal material layer located on the patterned layer 205 and the surface of the patterned layer 205 is removed to form the initial base metal layer 210.

[0060] In this embodiment, the base metal material layer is formed using a metal vapor deposition process.

[0061] In this embodiment, the initial base metal layer 210 has a multilayer structure. Specifically, the initial base metal layer 210 includes a first platinum layer 210a, a titanium layer 210b, a second platinum layer 210c, and a gold layer 210d stacked sequentially.

[0062] In this embodiment, along the direction perpendicular to the sidewall of the protective layer opening 208, the initial base metal layer 210 extends to a dimension of 100 nm to 150 nm on the top surface of the protective layer 207. When the initial base metal layer 210 extends to a dimension greater than 150 nm on the top surface of the protective layer 207, the spacing between the initial base metal layer 210 and other device structures in the same layer is small, which can easily cause short circuits. When the initial base metal layer 210 extends to a dimension less than 100 nm on the top surface of the protective layer 207, the blocking ability of the protective layer 207 covered by the initial base metal layer 210 is small, which can easily lead to the problem of the initial base metal layer 210 abnormally falling to the bottom layer.

[0063] Please refer to Figure 10 The initial base metal layer 210 is annealed to form a base metal layer 211, which penetrates the emitter 203 and extends into the base 202.

[0064] In this embodiment, specifically, the first platinum metal layer 210a penetrates the emitter 203 and extends into the base 202.

[0065] In this embodiment, the process parameters for the annealing treatment include: annealing temperature of 400 degrees Celsius and annealing time of 200 seconds.

[0066] In this embodiment, an initial base metal layer 210 is formed on the surface of the emitter 203 exposed by the protective layer opening 208 and on the top surface of a portion of the protective layer 207 on both sides of the protective layer opening 208. During the annealing process, the protective layer 207 covered by the initial base metal layer 210 acts as a barrier. Even if the second platinum layer 210c and the gold layer 210d diffuse down from the edge of the titanium layer 210b to the first platinum layer 210a, the protective layer 207 prevents the second platinum layer 210c and the gold layer 210d from entering the protective layer opening 208. This increases the metal content in the protective layer opening 208, effectively preventing the first platinum layer 210a from abnormally penetrating the base 202 and causing leakage in the base 202, thus effectively improving the reliability of the device.

[0067] Accordingly, this invention also provides a heterojunction bipolar transistor structure, please refer to [link / reference needed]. Figure 10The device includes: a substrate 200; a collector 201 located on the substrate 200; a base 202 located on the collector 201; an emitter 203 located on the base 202; a protective layer 207 located on the emitter 203, the protective layer 207 having a protective layer opening 208 that exposes a portion of the surface of the base 202; a base metal layer 211 located on the surface of the base 202 exposed by the protective layer opening 208 and on a portion of the top surface of the protective layer 207 on both sides of the protective layer opening 208, the base metal layer 211 penetrating the emitter 203 and extending into the base 202.

[0068] In this embodiment, the protective layer 207 covered by the base metal layer 211 acts as a barrier, effectively preventing abnormal lower layers from occurring during the formation of the base metal layer 211. This effectively prevents the base metal layer 211 from penetrating the base 202 and causing leakage current in the base 202, thus effectively improving the reliability of the device.

[0069] In this embodiment, the base metal layer 211 has a multilayer structure. Specifically, the base metal layer 211 includes a first platinum layer 210a, a titanium layer 210b, a second platinum layer 210c, and a gold layer 210d stacked sequentially.

[0070] In this embodiment, the first platinum metal layer 210a penetrates the emitter 203 and extends into the base 202.

[0071] In this embodiment, along the direction perpendicular to the sidewall of the protective layer opening 208, the base metal layer 211 extends to a dimension of 100 nm to 150 nm on the top surface of the protective layer 207. When the dimension of the base metal layer 211 extending to the top surface of the protective layer 207 is greater than 150 nm, the spacing between the base metal layer 211 and other device structures in the same layer is small, which can easily cause short circuits. When the dimension of the base metal layer 211 covering the top surface of the protective layer 207 on one side is less than 100 nm, the blocking ability of the protective layer 207 covered by the base metal layer 211 is small, which can easily lead to the problem of the base metal layer 211 abnormally falling to the lower layer.

[0072] In this embodiment, the material of the protective layer 207 includes silicon nitride.

[0073] The collector 201 is doped with a first ion; the base 202 is doped with a second ion. The electrical types of the first ion and the second ion are different, and the doping concentration of the second ion is greater than that of the first ion.

[0074] The emitter 203 is doped with a third ion. The electrical type of the third ion is different from that of the second ion, but the electrical type of the third ion is the same as that of the first ion. The doping concentration of the third ion is greater than that of the first ion, and the doping concentration of the third ion is less than that of the second ion.

[0075] In this embodiment, the collector 201 uses a doping concentration of 1E16 atoms / cm². 3 The base 202 is an N-type gallium arsenide (GaAs) with a doping concentration of 1E19 atoms / cm². 3 P-type gallium arsenide; the emitter 203 uses a doping concentration of 1E17 atoms / cm 3 N-type gallium arsenide.

[0076] While the present invention has been disclosed above, it is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can make various modifications and alterations without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention; therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope defined in the claims.

Claims

1. A method of forming a heterojunction bipolar transistor structure, comprising: include: Provide substrate; A current collector is formed on the substrate; A base is formed on the current collector; An emitter is formed on the base electrode; A protective layer is formed on the emitter, the protective layer having an opening that exposes a portion of the top surface of the emitter; An initial base metal layer is formed on the emitter surface exposed by the opening in the protective layer, and on a portion of the top surface of the protective layer on both sides of the opening in the protective layer; The initial base metal layer is annealed to form a base metal layer that penetrates the emitter and extends into the base.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the heterojunction bipolar transistor structure is formed by the steps of: The method for forming the protective layer includes: forming an initial protective layer on the emitter; forming a patterned layer on the initial protective layer, the patterned layer having a first patterned opening that exposes a portion of the top surface of the initial protective layer; etching the initial protective layer using the patterned layer as a mask until the top surface of the emitter is exposed, thereby forming the protective layer, the protective layer having the protective layer opening. ​ 3. The method for forming a heterojunction bipolar transistor structure as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The method for establishing the initial base metal layer includes: enlarging the first patterned opening to form a second patterned opening; after forming the second patterned opening, using the patterned layer as a mask, forming a base metal material layer on the emitter surface exposed by the protective layer opening, a portion of the top surface of the protective layer on both sides of the protective layer opening, and the surface of the patterned layer; and removing the base metal material layer located on the patterned layer and the surface of the patterned layer to form the initial base metal layer.

4. The method for forming a heterojunction bipolar transistor structure as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The formation process of the base metal material layer includes: metal vapor deposition process.

5. The method for forming a heterojunction bipolar transistor structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The initial base metal layer comprises a multilayer structure.

6. The method for forming a heterojunction bipolar transistor structure as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The initial base metal layer comprises a first platinum layer, a titanium layer, a second platinum layer, and a gold layer stacked sequentially.

7. The method for forming a heterojunction bipolar transistor structure as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The first platinum metal layer penetrates the emitter and extends into the base.

8. The method for forming a heterojunction bipolar transistor structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Along the direction perpendicular to the sidewall of the opening of the protective layer, the initial base metal layer extends to a dimension of 100 nm to 150 nm on the top surface of the protective layer.

9. The method for forming a heterojunction bipolar transistor structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The material of the protective layer includes silicon nitride.

10. The method for forming a heterojunction bipolar transistor structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The collector is doped with a first ion; the base is doped with a second ion, the electrical types of the first ion and the second ion are different, and the doping concentration of the second ion is greater than that of the first ion.

11. The method for forming a heterojunction bipolar transistor structure as described in claim 10, characterized in that, The emitter is doped with a third ion, the electrical type of which is different from that of the second ion, but the electrical type of which is the same as that of the first ion. The doping concentration of the third ion is greater than that of the first ion and less than that of the second ion.

12. A heterojunction bipolar transistor structure, characterized in that, include: Substrate; The current collector located on the substrate; The base located on the collector electrode; The emitter located on the base; A protective layer is located on the emitter, the protective layer having an opening that exposes a portion of the surface of the emitter; The base metal layer is located on the emitter surface exposed by the opening of the protective layer, and on the top surface of the protective layer on both sides of the opening of the protective layer. The base metal layer penetrates the emitter and extends into the base by annealing.

13. The heterojunction bipolar transistor structure as described in claim 12, characterized in that, The base metal layer comprises a multilayer structure.

14. The heterojunction bipolar transistor structure as described in claim 13, characterized in that, The base metal layer comprises a first platinum layer, a titanium layer, a second platinum layer, and a gold layer stacked sequentially.

15. The heterojunction bipolar transistor structure as described in claim 14, characterized in that, The first platinum metal layer penetrates the emitter and extends into the base.

16. The heterojunction bipolar transistor structure as described in claim 12, characterized in that, Along the direction perpendicular to the sidewall of the opening of the protective layer, the base metal layer extends to a dimension of 100 nm to 150 nm on the top surface of the protective layer.

17. The heterojunction bipolar transistor structure as described in claim 12, characterized in that, The material of the protective layer includes silicon nitride.

18. The heterojunction bipolar transistor structure as described in claim 12, characterized in that, The collector is doped with a first ion; the base is doped with a second ion, the electrical types of the first ion and the second ion are different, and the doping concentration of the second ion is greater than that of the first ion.

19. The heterojunction bipolar transistor structure as described in claim 18, characterized in that, The emitter is doped with a third ion, the electrical type of which is different from that of the second ion, but the electrical type of which is the same as that of the first ion. The doping concentration of the third ion is greater than that of the first ion and less than that of the second ion.

Citation Information

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