A method for preventing and treating high steep rock slope high-position collapse multi-stage energy dissipation system

Abstract

This invention discloses a multi-stage energy dissipation system and prevention method for high-altitude landslides on steep rock slopes. The system includes a primary energy dissipation module, a secondary energy dissipation module, and a tertiary energy dissipation module. The primary energy dissipation module provides initial energy dissipation for falling rocks during high-altitude landslides on steep rock slopes by employing a buffer layer design. The secondary energy dissipation module provides intermediate energy dissipation for falling rocks during high-altitude landslides on steep rock slopes by controlling the trajectory of the falling rocks and reducing their kinetic energy. The tertiary energy dissipation module provides final energy dissipation for falling rocks during high-altitude landslides on steep rock slopes. Compared with traditional energy dissipation shed protection measures, this multi-stage energy dissipation system solves the problem of high-altitude landslide prevention by effectively controlling the hazard of high-altitude landslides through energy dissipation zones, buffer zones, and retaining zones. This design is based on theoretical calculations, utilizes locally sourced materials, and is convenient and quick to construct, requiring no large equipment, thus solving the problem of the high difficulty of high-altitude landslide construction measures.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of software analysis technology, and more specifically, to a method for preventing and controlling high-altitude collapses of steep rock slopes using a multi-stage energy dissipation system. Background Technology

[0002] Due to the strong uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, especially in southwestern my country, high mountain and canyon areas, intense tectonic activity, extremely uneven rainfall, high ground stress, and frequent earthquakes make steep rock slopes highly susceptible to structural instability, leading to severe geological disasters, among which high-altitude landslides are the most common. High-altitude landslides are characterized by uncertainty, randomness, suddenness, concealment, and strong destructive power, seriously endangering national property and people's lives. Therefore, in-depth research on methods for preventing and controlling high-altitude rock landslides is an urgent need for the safety of engineering construction and operation, and has significant theoretical research value and engineering application value. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To overcome the aforementioned deficiencies of the prior art, embodiments of the present invention provide a multi-stage energy dissipation system and prevention method for high-altitude collapse of steep rock slopes. The source code-based piling method overcomes the difficulty of source code extraction, facilitates subsequent function graph output and hybrid dynamic modeling, and ensures the accuracy of modeling and analysis data in the analysis process based on multi-node automatic modeling, thereby solving the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a multi-stage energy dissipation system and prevention method for high-altitude landslides on steep rock slopes, comprising a primary energy dissipation module, a secondary energy dissipation module, and a tertiary energy dissipation module. The primary energy dissipation module is used for initial energy dissipation of falling rocks from high-altitude landslides on steep rock slopes by designing a buffer layer. The secondary energy dissipation module is used for intermediate energy dissipation of falling rocks from high-altitude landslides on steep rock slopes by controlling the trajectory of the falling rocks and reducing their kinetic energy. The tertiary energy dissipation module is used for final energy dissipation of falling rocks from high-altitude landslides on steep rock slopes by constructing a rockfall retaining wall for final energy dissipation treatment of the high-altitude landslide rocks.

[0005] Furthermore, the multi-stage energy dissipation method includes constructing a buffer layer consisting of a gabion-reinforced retaining wall and a buffer layer to dissipate energy; utilizing arbor forests to further intercept and dissipate the energy of landslides and falling rocks; and using steel grids and rock-blocking walls for interception.

[0006] Specifically, it includes the following steps.

[0007] S1. First, investigate the mountain phenomenon and collect data on the topography, range and size of the landslide, failure mode, and deformation and failure history of the landslide. The purpose is to collect data on the landslide.

[0008] S2. Using computer machine learning technology, analyze the collected data and construct the trajectory equation of the collapsed rocks. The purpose is to use existing computer technology to analyze and process the collected data.

[0009] S3. Then, calculations are performed based on the trajectory equation. According to the energy conservation of the object's motion, the energy loss from the impact is calculated. The purpose is to model the analyzed data and input it into the formula for calculation.

[0010] S4. Finally, based on the computer calculation results, a scheme is adopted to dissipate energy from the collapsed rocks step by step. The purpose is to use the calculation data to adopt a physical construction scheme to dissipate energy from the collapsed body.

[0011] Furthermore, through on-site investigation and analysis of the landslide's topography, extent, size, failure mode, and deformation history, it is possible to understand the location of the falling rocks during their spatial movement. This allows for the determination of the appropriate location and size of energy dissipation structures. These structures are engineering constructions designed to prevent or mitigate damage from high-altitude landslides on steep rock slopes, aiming to dissipate the energy of the landslide. Determining the appropriate location and size of these structures involves calculating the trajectory of the high-altitude landslide. This trajectory is generally calculated using kinematic principles, by substituting the landslide trajectory into equations.

[0012] ,

[0013] The velocities at the instant of impact are v(i+1)x and v(i+1).

[0014] ,

[0015] In the formula v ix、 v （i+1）x and v iy、 v （i+1）y Indicates the initial velocity of the collapsed bodies X and Y as they leave the parent rock and their velocity at the moment of impact; x i x i+1 and y i y i+1 Indicates the initial displacement of the collapse body X and Y from the parent rock and the displacement at the moment of impact; H—the height of the falling rock (m). — Gravitational acceleration (m / s²); α — Slope angle (degrees); K — Resistance coefficient of the rock movement along the slope, which is influenced by all relevant factors. The purpose is to calculate the energy change by calculating the trajectory of the collapsed body.

[0016] Furthermore, the trajectory of the collapsed body is calculated using equations. Utilizing the law of conservation of energy, the maximum deformation energy of the energy system generated during the collision is equal to the loss of relative kinetic energy. This maximum deformation energy is the energy stored due to deformation under external force, referred to as deformation capacity. The energy stored during the movement of the collapsed body due to deformation caused by the impact force is established based on the impact trajectory, and the following formula is derived.

[0017]

[0018]

[0019] In the formula U i W represents the energy of the collapsing body before the collision. e This indicates the energy absorbed by the buffer layer; c u Z represents the uniform compressibility coefficient of the buffer layer, A represents the collision contact area; s To be trapped in the buffer layer depth; P max Indicates maximum impact force; v ei Z represents the velocity of the collapsed body after the collision. s For the buffer layer to sink to the maximum depth; H max This indicates the bounce height, and its purpose is to calculate the energy lost or exchanged using the law of conservation of energy.

[0020] Furthermore, based on the calculation results of the formula, the first-level energy dissipation module of the multi-stage energy dissipation system for high-altitude collapses on steep rock slopes is adopted. This first-level energy dissipation module performs primary energy dissipation on the collapsed body by constructing a buffer layer. Specifically, it adopts an energy dissipation structure consisting of gabion-reinforced retaining walls and a buffer layer. The gabion cross-section dimensions are 2×1×1m, which has better mechanical properties than the gabions in the EN10223-3 standard. To improve the overall performance between gabions, 60cm Ф32 vertical reinforcing bars are installed between the gabions, spaced 20cm apart, with the midpoint tied to the wire mesh. The filling material inside the gabions is locally sourced; the stones should be dense, hard, and resistant to weathering. The reinforcing material is selected as integral steel-plastic grating. Each layer is spaced 1.0m apart. It is required to use cold-drawn carbon spring steel wire and polyethylene polymer as the main raw materials, with the addition of a certain amount of anti-ultraviolet and anti-aging additives and other reinforcing and modifying substances. The steel-plastic composite strips are integrally processed and formed in the warp and weft directions through extrusion and compounding. In addition, at least 3m long anchor rods are set in the original slope rock mass at 2m intervals, and connected to the gabion retaining wall by φ32 steel bars to further improve the stability of the retaining wall. A buffer layer is set in the top 1-2m range of the retaining wall. The buffer layer is mainly composed of EPS foam board and fine sand. The EPS foam board is located under the fine sand, and the thickness ratio of EPS foam board to fine sand is 1:2. The purpose is to take technical means to carry out primary energy dissipation treatment based on the calculation results.

[0021] Furthermore, the secondary energy dissipation module further dissipates energy from the landslide body after the measures implemented in the primary energy dissipation module. This creates a buffer zone in the trajectory of the high-level landslide body. Specifically, this is achieved by using arbor forests to further intercept and dissipate the energy of the falling rocks, controlling their trajectory and ensuring that the landslide body primarily moves by rolling. Based on the law of conservation of energy, the impact toughness (T) of the wood is fully utilized. According to the mechanical properties of wood, the impact toughness (T) is determined through a single impact test. The impact toughness (T) for coniferous wood is 17.9-67.5 kJ / m², and for broadleaf wood it is 16.0-182.2 kJ / m².

[0022] Establish the following formula ,

[0023] In the formula v n This indicates the velocity at which the collapsed rocks finally exit the buffer zone; v ei H represents the velocity of falling rocks entering the buffer zone. n The buffer zone elevation difference is represented by T, which represents the impact toughness of the timber; n represents the number of rows of trees in the forest; m represents the mass of the landslide. The purpose is to use technical means to carry out secondary energy dissipation treatment based on the calculation results.

[0024] Furthermore, the three-stage energy dissipation module, following the processes of the first and second-stage energy dissipation modules, performs a final stage of energy dissipation for the high-level landslide. This is achieved by constructing a rockfall retaining wall, based on the impact theory of the maximum impact force of the landslide. Generally, this is based on Hertz collision theory, where the maximum impact force F during collision is known. max for

[0025] ,

[0026] In the formula F max E1 represents the maximum impact force of the rockfall retaining wall; E2 represents the elastic modulus of the tire; u2 represents the Poisson's ratio of the tire; r1 represents the radius of the falling rocks; m1 represents the mass of the collapsed mass; e n This represents the rebound coefficient, and the purpose is to use technical means to carry out three-stage energy dissipation treatment based on the calculation results.

[0027] Furthermore, the specific construction steps for building the retaining wall are as follows:

[0028] A1. First, use existing technology and equipment to process the data of the rolling trajectory of the high-level collapse of the target steep rock slope, and calculate the position and size of the retaining wall constructed in the three-level energy dissipation module.

[0029] A2. Using computer drawing technology, the retaining wall is drawn to a certain scale. The retaining wall to be built is first simulated and drawn to define the required wall surface slope, back slope, base slope, and drainage hole.

[0030] A3. Finally, enlarge the drawn drawings to scale and construct the retaining wall under the target steep rock slope according to the structural drawing of the west wall.

[0031] The technical effects and advantages of this invention are as follows:

[0032] Compared with traditional energy dissipation shed protection measures, this invention solves the problem of high-altitude landslide prevention and control through a multi-level energy dissipation system. By using energy dissipation zones, buffer zones, and retaining zones, it effectively controls the hazard of high-altitude landslides. This design is based on theoretical calculations, uses locally sourced materials, and is convenient and quick to construct without the need for large equipment. It solves the problem of the difficulty in constructing high-altitude landslide measures and saves construction costs.

[0033] Compared with landslide and rockfall interception structures, this invention is easier to repair and can be used as a long-term, stable landslide disaster prevention measure. It promotes the scientific, standardized, and normalized development of high-altitude landslide prevention and industry technology, effectively protects the lives of people threatened by geological disasters, minimizes the harm of geological disasters to people's lives, and plays an important supporting role in improving the local safety image and promoting the further development of the tourism economy. It has broad application prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the multi-stage energy dissipation system for preventing and controlling landslides on steep rock slopes according to the present invention.

[0035] Figure 2 This is a diagram of the multi-stage energy dissipation system for high and steep rock slope collapse according to the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a diagram of the multi-stage energy dissipation method of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a diagram of the multi-stage energy dissipation and prevention system for high and steep rock slope collapses according to the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the trajectory of the collapsed rocks according to the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 This is a diagram of the primary energy dissipation structure for high and steep rock slope collapse according to the present invention;

[0040] Figure 7 This is a detailed drawing of the flexible reinforced gabion retaining wall structure of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 8 This is a structural design drawing of the rockfall barrier wall of the present invention.

[0042] 1. Collapsed rock mass; 2. Gabion retaining wall; 3. Buffer layer; 4. Anchor bolt; 5. Integral steel-plastic grid; 6. Arbor forest; 7. Rockfall barrier wall; 8. Rigid grid; 9. Tire; 10. Highway; 11. House; 12. Connecting reinforcement bar; 13. Special lock for integral reinforced grid; 14. Rockfall chute; 15. Original ground line. Detailed Implementation

[0043] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0044] At the same time, it should be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the accompanying drawings are not drawn according to actual scale.

[0045] The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the scope of this application and its application or use.

[0046] Techniques, methods, and equipment known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and equipment should be considered part of the specification.

[0047] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be discussed further in subsequent figures.

[0048] The embodiments of this application can be applied to computer systems / servers that can operate with a wide range of other general-purpose or special-purpose computing system environments or configurations. Examples of well-known computing systems, environments, and / or configurations suitable for use with computer systems / servers include, but are not limited to, personal computer systems, server computer systems, thin clients, thick clients, handheld or laptop devices, microprocessor-based systems, set-top boxes, programmable consumer electronics, network PCs, minicomputer systems, mainframe computer systems, and distributed cloud computing technology environments that include any of the above systems, etc.

[0049] Computer systems / servers can be described in the general context of computer system executable instructions (such as program modules) executed by the computer system. Typically, program modules can include routines, programs, object programs, components, logic, data structures, etc. They perform specific tasks or implement specific abstract data types. Computer systems / servers can be implemented in a distributed cloud computing environment, where tasks are performed by remote processing devices linked through a communication network. In a distributed cloud computing environment, program modules can reside on local or remote computing system storage media, including storage devices.

[0050] Example 1

[0051] This invention provides a multi-stage energy dissipation system and prevention method for high-altitude landslides on steep rock slopes, comprising a primary energy dissipation module, a secondary energy dissipation module, and a tertiary energy dissipation module. The primary energy dissipation module is used for initial energy dissipation of falling rocks from high-altitude landslides on steep rock slopes by designing a buffer layer. The secondary energy dissipation module is used for intermediate energy dissipation of falling rocks from high-altitude landslides on steep rock slopes by controlling the trajectory of the falling rocks and reducing their kinetic energy. The tertiary energy dissipation module is used for final energy dissipation of falling rocks from high-altitude landslides on steep rock slopes by constructing a rockfall retaining wall for the final energy dissipation treatment of the falling rocks.

[0052] The multi-stage energy dissipation method includes constructing a buffer layer consisting of a gabion-reinforced retaining wall and a buffer layer to dissipate energy; utilizing arbor forests to further intercept and dissipate the energy of landslides and falling rocks; and using steel grids and rock-blocking walls for interception.

[0053] Specifically, it includes the following steps.

[0054] 101. First, investigate the mountain phenomena and collect data on the topography, extent and size of the landslide, failure mode, and historical deformation and damage of the landslide body.

[0055] In this embodiment, it should be specifically explained that the landslide topography refers to the rapid tilting movement of rocks or soil on steep slopes under their own gravity. The impact force of the falling rocks and soil causes uncontrollable hazards to vegetation, people, and vehicles at the foot of the slope. The fallen rocks and soil will form a cone-shaped landform at the bottom of the slope. The landslide range generally refers to the area designed by the trajectory of the landslide from the top of the slope. The landslide range is usually determined by collecting parameters such as the length, width, depth, impact force, and movement time of the landslide using detection instruments. The failure mode is to establish a mathematical and mechanical model based on the failure mechanism of high and steep slopes and analyze the conditions for landslide occurrence. The failure mode generally includes collapse, flow, toppling, and sliding types. The deformation failure history data can accurately reflect the inherent deformation characteristics of the rock and soil. Generally, the stability evaluation of the rock and soil is carried out using data measured in the field, and the deformation number is calculated using a computer coding program.

[0056] 102. Utilize computer machine learning technology to analyze collected data and construct trajectory equations for landslides and falling rocks;

[0057] In this embodiment, it should be specifically explained that the machine learning described is an intelligent research program that designs multiple disciplines and uses computers to simulate human learning and computational behavior to acquire new knowledge and new algorithms. It involves inputting and analyzing collected data, building mathematical models, and then using these models to perform calculations. The data input typically includes manually inputting measured data into the computer and collecting relevant data from various websites using web scraping technology. The data analysis utilizes computer programs for comparative analysis, examining the effects of variable factors on parameter values ​​to construct models. This can generally be achieved using computer programming code for simulated data analysis.

[0058] # A single parameter value affects the effect

[0059] data_filer["BufferCounter"].unique()

[0060] # All parameter values

[0061] list(data_filer.columns)

[0062] #Key Parameter Extraction

[0063] data_filer=data_filer.dropna(subset=["Latitude"])

[0064] # Missing value handling

[0065] ms.matrix(data_filer)

[0066] RX = np.mean(data_filer["RX"])

[0067] pata_filer["RX"].fillna(RX,inplace=True)

[0068] # Analyze the relationships between the various attributes

[0069] X_City=pd.get_dummies(X["City"])

[0070] X = pd.concat([X, X_City], axis = 1)

[0071] X = X.drop(["City"], axis = 1).

[0072] 103. Then, calculations are performed based on the trajectory equation, and the energy loss from the impact is calculated according to the law of conservation of energy in the motion of the object.

[0073] In this embodiment, it should be specifically explained that the energy conservation is based on the energy conservation principle in physics. Generally, energy cannot be created or destroyed out of thin air; it can only be converted from one form of energy to another, while the total energy remains unchanged. When the rock and soil collapses at a high position on a steep rock slope, it will move from a high position to a low position under its own gravity, generating kinetic energy. When the rock and soil collide with the mountain or trees, the kinetic energy is converted between the two. The mountain and trees bear part of the energy, so the kinetic energy of the rock and soil is relatively reduced. The converted energy loss is the energy transferred from the rock and soil to the mountain and trees based on the speed of the rock and soil movement.

[0074] 104. Finally, based on the computer calculation results, a scheme and method were adopted to dissipate energy from the collapsed rocks step by step.

[0075] In this embodiment, it should be specifically explained that the computer calculation result is a data feedback of the energy generated by the high-level collapse of the rock and soil mass through the calculation formula used in the computer. Then, based on the hazards caused by the collapse body while generating energy, measures are taken to control the energy generated by the movement of the collapse body.

[0076] In this embodiment, it is important to specifically explain that by conducting on-site investigations and analyzing the topography, extent, size, failure mode, and deformation history of the landslide body, it is possible to understand the location of the falling rocks during their spatial movement. This allows for the determination of the appropriate location and size of energy dissipation structures. These energy dissipation structures are engineering constructions designed to prevent or mitigate damage from high-altitude landslides on steep rock slopes. Their purpose is to dissipate the energy of the high-altitude landslide. Determining the appropriate location and size of the energy dissipation structures involves calculating the trajectory of the high-altitude landslide. This trajectory is generally based on kinematic principles; the equations are calculated based on the trajectory of the high-altitude landslide.

[0077] ,

[0078] The velocities at the instant of impact are v(i+1)x and v(i+1).

[0079] ,

[0080] In the formula v ix、 v （i+1）x and v iy、 v （i+1）y This represents the initial velocity of the collapsed bodies X and Y as they leave the parent rock and their velocity at the instant they hit the ground;

[0081] x i x i+1 and y i y i+1 This represents the initial displacement of the collapse bodies X and Y from the parent rock and their displacement at the moment of impact.

[0082] H—height of the falling stone (m); g—acceleration due to gravity (m / s²);

[0083] α—Slope angle (degrees); K—Resistance coefficient of the rock's movement along the slope, influenced by all relevant factors;

[0084] The instantaneous velocity upon impact is understood as the velocity of the landslide body at a given moment. Instantaneous velocity is a vector quantity, possessing both magnitude and direction. It is generally calculated by dividing the minute displacement of the landslide body at the moment of impact by the infinitesimal time of the corresponding displacement. The drag coefficient of the rocks moving along the hillside, influenced by all relevant factors, is generally determined by dividing the magnitude of the resistance encountered by the landslide body along its trajectory by the pressure difference between the landslide body and the airflow. The drag coefficient varies depending on the form and angle of the landslide body's trajectory.

[0085] In this embodiment, it should be specifically explained that the trajectory of the collapsed body is calculated using equations. Utilizing the law of conservation of energy, the maximum deformation energy of the energy system generated during the collision process is equal to the loss of relative kinetic energy. This maximum deformation energy is the energy stored due to deformation under external force, referred to as deformation capacity. The energy stored during the movement of the collapsed body due to deformation caused by the impact force is established based on the impact trajectory, and the following formula is established.

[0086]

[0087]

[0088] In the formula U i W represents the energy of the collapsing body before the collision. e This indicates the energy absorbed by the buffer layer; c u Z represents the uniform compressibility coefficient of the buffer layer, A represents the collision contact area; s To be trapped in the buffer layer depth; P max Indicates maximum impact force; v ei Z represents the velocity of the collapsed body after the collision. s For the buffer layer to sink to the maximum depth; H max Indicates the bounce height;

[0089] The uniform compressibility coefficient is a physical quantity used to describe the average compressibility. It is generally reflected by the compression curve of the object to show the compressibility characteristics of the collapsed body after being compressed. The value of the coefficient is generally related to the shape, composition, state and stress of the collapsed body. The coefficient is the slope of the secant line of a certain pressure segment on the ep curve obtained from the compression test. According to the law of conservation of energy, the amount of kinetic energy lost by the collapsed body in its trajectory can be calculated using the energy formula of the impact trajectory of the collapsed body.

[0090] In this embodiment, it is necessary to specifically explain that, based on the calculation results of the formula, the first-level energy dissipation module of the multi-stage energy dissipation system for high-altitude collapses on steep rock slopes is adopted. This first-level energy dissipation module performs primary energy dissipation on the collapsed body by constructing a buffer layer. Specifically, it adopts an energy dissipation structure composed of gabion-reinforced retaining walls and a buffer layer. The gabion cross-section dimensions are 2×1×1m, which has better mechanical properties than the wire mesh described in the EN10223-3 standard. To improve the overall performance between gabions, 60cm Ф32 vertical reinforcing bars are installed between the gabions, spaced 20cm apart, with the midpoint tied to the wire surface. The filling material inside the gabions is locally sourced; the stones should be dense, hard, and... Not easily weathered, the reinforcement material is an integral steel-plastic grid with a spacing of 1.0m between each layer. It is required to use cold-drawn carbon spring steel wire, polyethylene and other high molecular polymers as the main raw materials, and add a certain amount of anti-ultraviolet and anti-aging additives and other reinforcing and modifying substances. The steel-plastic composite strips are integrally processed and formed in the warp and weft directions through extrusion and compounding. In addition, at least 3m long anchor rods are set in the original slope rock mass at 2m intervals, and connected to the gabion retaining wall by φ32 steel bars to further improve the stability of the retaining wall. A buffer layer is set in the top 1-2m range of the retaining wall. The buffer layer is mainly composed of EPS foam board and fine sand. The EPS foam board is located under the fine sand, and the ratio of the thickness of EPS foam board to the thickness of fine sand is 1:2.

[0091] The primary energy dissipation module employs a buffer layer design technique. By analyzing the spatial trajectory and energy of the collapsed body after instability, the bounce height Hmax of the collapsed rocks is determined to be no greater than 1.0m. This determines the buffer layer thickness Zs and the number of energy dissipation structure levels, thereby controlling the trajectory of the collapsed rocks and significantly reducing the hazard range of the collapse.

[0092] In this embodiment, it should be specifically explained that the secondary energy dissipation module further dissipates energy from the landslide body after the measures taken by the primary energy dissipation module. This creates a buffer zone in the trajectory of the high-level landslide body. Specifically, this is achieved by using arbor forests to further intercept and dissipate the energy of the falling rocks, controlling their trajectory and ensuring that the landslide body primarily moves by rolling. Based on the law of conservation of energy, the impact toughness T of the wood is fully utilized. According to the mechanical properties of wood, the impact toughness T is determined through a single impact test. The impact toughness T for coniferous wood is 17.9-67.5 kJ / m², and for broadleaf wood it is 16.0-182.2 kJ / m².

[0093] Establish the following formula ,

[0094] In the formula v n This indicates the velocity at which the collapsed rocks finally exit the buffer zone; v ei H represents the velocity of the collapsed rocks entering the buffer zone (the velocity of the collapsed mass after collision); nThe buffer zone elevation difference is represented by T, which represents the impact toughness of the timber; n is the number of rows of trees in the forest; and m is the mass of the landslide.

[0095] The control of the trajectory of the falling rocks is based on the above calculation formula, ultimately making v n ≤5m / s, thus determining the row spacing and diameter at breast height (DBH) of the arbor forest. For natural trees already growing on the landslide slope, through large-scale measurements and field investigations, the DBH, tree spacing, slope elevation difference, length, and slope of the natural arbor forest are obtained. This allows for the calculation of energy loss from rockfall through the buffer zone, ultimately determining the final velocity v of the rockfall exiting the buffer zone. n This provides the conditions for the design and calculation of rockfall barrier areas.

[0096] In this embodiment, it should be specifically explained that the three-stage energy dissipation module is the final stage of energy dissipation treatment for the high-level landslide body, following the processes of the first-stage and second-stage energy dissipation modules. The method adopted is to construct a rockfall retaining wall. This is based on the impact theory of the maximum impact force of the landslide body, which is generally based on Hertz collision theory, where the maximum impact force F during collision is known to be... max for

[0097] ,

[0098] In the formula F max E1 represents the maximum impact force of the rockfall retaining wall; E2 represents the elastic modulus of the tire; u2 represents the Poisson's ratio of the tire; r1 represents the radius of the falling rocks; m1 represents the mass of the collapsed mass; e n Indicates the rebound coefficient;

[0099] The maximum impact force of the rockfall barrier is determined based on theoretical calculations, thereby determining the number of tire rows (n) in the buffer layer and the dimensions of the retaining wall. The three-stage energy dissipation module adopts the construction of a rockfall barrier, specifically using a steel grid and the rockfall barrier for containment. According to the calculation results, the rockfall barrier is constructed with mortar-grouted rubble masonry, with an upright back slope. The maximum height of the retaining wall is 3.0m, the top width is 1.0m, the bottom width is 1.6m, and the slope ratio of the wall surface is 1:0.20. The total length of the steel grid is 24m, the height is 3.5m, the foundation depth is 1.0m, the effective height of the steel grid is 2.5m, the column spacing is 1.2m, the columns are made of No. 16 steel, and the crossbeam reinforcement is ϕ25, with a spacing of 15cm. The surface is covered with chain-link wire mesh.

[0100] In this embodiment, it should be specifically explained that the specific construction steps for building the retaining wall are as follows:

[0101] Step 1: First, use existing technology and equipment to process the data of the rolling trajectory of the high-level collapse of the target steep rock slope, and calculate the position and size of the retaining wall constructed in the three-stage energy dissipation module;

[0102] Step 2: Using computer drawing technology, draw the retaining wall at a certain scale, and first simulate the required wall slope, back slope, base slope and drainage hole limits of the retaining wall to be built.

[0103] Step 3: Finally, enlarge the drawn drawings to scale and construct the retaining wall under the target steep rock slope according to the structural drawing of the west wall.

[0104] The purpose of constructing the retaining wall is to improve upon the traditional shed buffer layer. It provides systematic protection against dangerous rocks, has a wide range of applications, and is effective against general dangerous rocks, sporadic rockfalls, high-level dangerous rocks, and large-scale collapses. It also has a wider range of functions.

[0105] In conclusion, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preventing high-altitude collapses on steep rock slopes using a multi-stage energy dissipation system, characterized in that: The high-altitude collapse multi-stage energy dissipation system for steep rock slopes includes a primary energy dissipation module, a secondary energy dissipation module, and a tertiary energy dissipation module. Through on-site investigation and analysis of the landslide topography, extent, size, failure mode, and deformation history, the location of the falling rocks during their spatial movement was determined. This allowed for the assessment of the appropriate location and dimensions of energy dissipation structures. These structures are engineering constructions designed to prevent or mitigate damage from high-altitude landslides on steep rock slopes, aiming to dissipate the energy of the landslide. Determining the appropriate location and dimensions of the energy dissipation structures involves calculating the trajectory of the high-altitude landslide using kinematic principles. The calculations are based on the landslide trajectory and applied to equations. ， The velocities v(i+1)x and v(i+1)y at the instant of impact ， In the formula v ix、 v （i+1）x and v iy、 v （i+1）y Indicates the initial velocity of the collapsed bodies X and Y as they leave the parent rock and their velocity at the moment of impact; x i x i+1 and y i y i+1 Indicates the initial displacement of the collapsed body X and Y from the parent rock and the displacement at the moment of impact; H—the height of the falling rock; — Gravitational acceleration; α — Slope angle; K — Resistance coefficient of the rock's movement along the slope, influenced by all relevant factors; The trajectory of the collapsed body is calculated using equations. Utilizing the law of conservation of energy, the maximum deformation energy of the energy system generated during the collision is equal to the loss of relative kinetic energy. This maximum deformation energy, the energy stored due to deformation under external force, is called deformation capacity. The energy stored during the movement of the collapsed body due to deformation caused by the impact force is established based on the impact trajectory, and the following formula is derived. ， ， In the formula, Ui represents the energy of the collapsed body before the collision; We represents the energy absorbed by the buffer layer; Cu represents the uniform compressibility coefficient of the buffer layer; A represents the collision contact area; Zs represents the depth of penetration into the buffer layer; Pmax represents the maximum impact force; vei represents the velocity of the collapsed body after the collision; Zs represents the maximum depth of penetration into the buffer layer; and Hmax represents the bounce height. Based on the calculation results of the calculation formula, the first-level energy dissipation module of the high-level energy dissipation system for high-altitude collapse of steep rock slopes is adopted. The first-level energy dissipation module performs primary energy dissipation on the collapse body by constructing a buffer layer. The secondary energy dissipation module further dissipates energy from the landslide body after the measures implemented in the primary energy dissipation module. It creates a buffer zone in the trajectory of the high-level landslide body. Specifically, it uses arbor forests to further intercept and dissipate the energy of the falling rocks, controlling their trajectory and ensuring the landslide body primarily moves by rolling. Based on the law of conservation of energy, it fully utilizes the impact toughness (T) of the wood. According to the mechanical properties of wood, the impact toughness (T) is determined through a single impact test. The impact toughness (T) for coniferous wood is 17.9-67.5 kJ / m², and for broadleaf wood it is 16.0-182.2 kJ / m². Establish the following formula , In the formula, vn represents the final velocity of the collapsed rocks outside the buffer zone; Hn represents the height difference of the buffer zone; T represents the impact toughness of the wood; n is the number of rows of trees in the forest; and m represents the mass of the collapsed material. The three-stage energy dissipation module is the final stage of energy dissipation for high-altitude landslides, following the processes of the first and second-stage energy dissipation modules. This is achieved by constructing a rockfall retaining wall, based on the impact theory of the maximum impact force of the landslide. According to Hertz collision theory, the maximum impact force Fmax during collision is: , In the formula, Fmax represents the maximum impact force of the rockfall retaining wall; E2 represents the elastic modulus of the tire; u2 represents the Poisson's ratio of the tire; r1 represents the radius of the collapsed rockfall; m1 represents the mass of the collapsed body; and en represents the rebound coefficient.

2. The method for preventing high-altitude collapse of steep rock slopes using a multi-stage energy dissipation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The primary energy dissipation module specifically employs a gabion-reinforced retaining wall and a buffer layer to form an energy dissipation structure. The gabion cross-section is 2×1×1m, which has superior mechanical properties compared to the gabions in the EN10223-3 standard. To enhance the overall performance between the gabions, 60cm Ф32 vertical reinforcing bars are installed between the gabions at 20cm intervals, with the midpoints tied to the wire mesh. The filling material inside the gabions is sourced locally; the stones should be dense, hard, and resistant to weathering. The reinforcing material is integral steel-plastic grating, with each layer spaced 1.0m apart, and cold-drawn carbon spring steel wire is required. Using polyethylene polymer as the main raw material, a certain amount of UV-resistant, anti-aging additives and other reinforcing and modifying substances are added. The steel-plastic composite strips are integrally processed and formed in the warp and weft directions through extrusion and compounding. In addition, at least 3m long anchor rods are set in the original slope rock mass at 2m intervals. They are connected to the gabion retaining wall through φ32 steel bars to further improve the stability of the retaining wall. A buffer layer is set in the top 1-2m range of the retaining wall. The buffer layer is mainly composed of EPS foam board and fine sand. The EPS foam board is located under the fine sand, and the thickness ratio of EPS foam board to fine sand is 1:

2.

3. The method for preventing high-altitude collapse of steep rock slopes using a multi-stage energy dissipation system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The specific construction steps for building the retaining wall are as follows: A1. First, use existing technology and equipment to process the data of the rolling trajectory of the high-level collapse of the target steep rock slope, and calculate the position and size of the retaining wall constructed in the three-level energy dissipation module. A2. Using computer drawing technology, the retaining wall is drawn to a certain scale. The retaining wall to be built is first simulated and drawn to define the required wall surface slope, back slope, base slope, and drainage hole. A3. Finally, enlarge the drawn drawings to scale and construct the retaining wall under the target steep rock slope according to the structural drawing of the west wall.

4. The method for preventing high-altitude collapse of steep rock slopes using a multi-stage energy dissipation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The structure includes a collapsed rock mass (1), a gabion retaining wall (2), a buffer layer (3), a grove of trees (6), a rockfall barrier (7), tires (9), a road (10), and a house (11). The gabion retaining wall (2) is composed of anchor bolts (4), an integral steel-plastic grid (5), connecting bars (12), and a special lock (13) for the integral reinforced grid. The buffer layer (3) is composed of EPS foam board and fine sand. The rockfall barrier (7) is composed of a steel grid (8), tires (9), a rockfall trough (14), and the original ground line (15).

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