Tunnel support structure

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and particularly relates to a tunnel supporting structure. The tunnel supporting structure provided by the present disclosure comprises a plurality of support units, which are sequentially connected to form an arched frame; the support unit comprises a first support and a second support, and an energy absorption structure is arranged between the first support and the second support, and the two ends of the energy absorption structure are connected with the first support and the second support respectively; the energy absorption structure comprises a shell, and the shell comprises a first side plate, a second side plate, a third side plate and a fourth side plate which are sequentially connected; the first side plate is provided with a first energy absorption groove, the second side plate is provided with a second energy absorption groove, the third side plate is provided with a third energy absorption groove, and the fourth side plate is provided with a fourth energy absorption groove, and the first energy absorption groove, the second energy absorption groove, the third energy absorption groove and the fourth energy absorption groove are sequentially communicated. The embodiment of the present disclosure can effectively exert a pressure-reducing effect, release most of the deformation energy of surrounding rock, and make the first support or the second support bear the remaining energy, so that the supporting safety performance can be effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of tunnel construction technology, and in particular to a tunnel support structure. Background Technology

[0002] Tunnel construction in soft rock strata frequently encounters fractured zones, accompanied by high ground stress. High ground stress has become a dominant factor jeopardizing tunnel engineering safety. The surrounding rock mass often undergoes rapid and significant deformation, leading to challenging problems such as support twisting, failure, and encroachment on clearance. If high ground stress is not properly released, it can easily cause secondary lining cracking and deformation, severely impacting the safety and normal use of the tunnel structure. Currently, the steel arches used in initial support are constructed by connecting individual strip I-beams. These arches are connected into rings and then covered with shotcrete to form the first layer of initial support. When the surrounding rock deformation is large, the load on the steel arches becomes very high, making them prone to instability and failure, thus causing engineering safety accidents. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this disclosure provides a tunnel support structure.

[0004] This disclosure provides a tunnel support structure, including: multiple support units, which are connected in sequence to form an arched frame;

[0005] The support unit includes a first support and a second support, and an energy-absorbing structure is provided between the first support and the second support. The two ends of the energy-absorbing structure are respectively connected to the first support and the second support.

[0006] The energy-absorbing structure includes a shell, which includes a first side plate, a second side plate, a third side plate, and a fourth side plate connected in sequence. The first side plate and the third side plate are arranged opposite to each other, and the second side plate and the fourth side plate are arranged opposite to each other.

[0007] The first side plate is provided with a first energy-absorbing groove, the second side plate is provided with a second energy-absorbing groove, the third side plate is provided with a third energy-absorbing groove, and the fourth side plate is provided with a fourth energy-absorbing groove. The first energy-absorbing groove, the second energy-absorbing groove, the third energy-absorbing groove and the fourth energy-absorbing groove are connected in sequence.

[0008] Furthermore, the energy-absorbing structure is provided between two adjacent support units.

[0009] Furthermore, the energy-absorbing structure includes a first connecting plate and a second connecting plate;

[0010] The first connecting plate and the second connecting plate are mounted on both ends of the housing; the first connecting plate is connected to the first bracket, and the second connecting plate is connected to the second bracket;

[0011] The first connecting plate, the second connecting plate, the first side plate, the second side plate, the third side plate, and the fourth side plate are arranged to form a rectangular structure with an internal cavity.

[0012] Furthermore, the plurality of the first energy-absorbing grooves are evenly spaced along the direction from the first connecting plate to the second connecting plate;

[0013] Multiple second energy-absorbing slots are evenly spaced along the direction from the first connecting plate to the second connecting plate;

[0014] The plurality of the third energy-absorbing grooves are evenly spaced along the direction from the first connecting plate to the second connecting plate;

[0015] The plurality of fourth energy-absorbing slots are evenly spaced along the direction from the first connecting plate to the second connecting plate.

[0016] Furthermore, the surfaces of the first energy-absorbing groove, the second energy-absorbing groove, the third energy-absorbing groove, and the fourth energy-absorbing groove are all curved surfaces.

[0017] Furthermore, the widths of the first energy-absorbing groove, the second energy-absorbing groove, the third energy-absorbing groove, and the fourth energy-absorbing groove are all 5mm to 10mm.

[0018] Furthermore, the cavity is provided with multiple sub-cavities, which extend along the direction from the first connecting plate to the second connecting plate, and the multiple sub-cavities are arranged in a honeycomb pattern.

[0019] Furthermore, the sub-cavity is provided with porous material.

[0020] Furthermore, the shell is rectangular, made of Q235 steel, with a wall thickness of 0.5-1cm, a width of 100-110mm, and a length of 50-80mm.

[0021] Furthermore, the support unit adopts an I16a I-beam frame, and the soft and broken area adopts an I20a I-beam frame. The support unit is fixed with positioning anchor bolts, radial anchor bolts, or double-sided locking foot anchor pipes.

[0022] The technical solution provided in this disclosure has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0023] The tunnel support structure provided in this embodiment includes multiple support units connected sequentially to form an arched frame. Each support unit includes a first support and a second support, with an energy-absorbing structure between them. The two ends of the energy-absorbing structure are connected to the first and second supports, respectively. The energy-absorbing structure includes a shell, comprising a first side plate, a second side plate, a third side plate, and a fourth side plate connected sequentially. The first and third side plates are positioned opposite each other, as are the second and fourth side plates. The first side plate has a first energy-absorbing groove, the second side plate has a second energy-absorbing groove, the third side plate has a third energy-absorbing groove, and the fourth side plate has a fourth energy-absorbing groove. The first, second, third, and fourth energy-absorbing grooves are sequentially connected. In this embodiment, the energy generated during tunnel deformation is first absorbed by the energy-absorbing structure. After the energy-absorbing structure collapses and deforms, the energy of the surrounding rock is released, effectively solving the problem of easy deformation and failure in the initial support of tunnels with high ground stress and large deformation in soft rock. After the surrounding rock energy is released, the subsequent pressure is borne by the first or second support, which can greatly reduce the support stress on the first or second support and effectively support the tunnel. This embodiment uses an energy-absorbing structure instead of a traditional steel frame joint, which can effectively exert a pressure-relief effect, releasing most of the deformation energy of the surrounding rock, allowing the first or second support to bear the remaining energy, thus effectively improving the support safety performance. The first, second, third, and fourth energy-absorbing grooves deform due to the stress of the surrounding rock, allowing the surrounding rock energy to be released, effectively solving the problem of easy deformation and failure in the initial support of large deformation tunnels in soft rock at high altitudes. Attached Figure Description

[0024] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this disclosure.

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this disclosure or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the tunnel support structure described in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0027] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of point a in the middle;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the energy-absorbing structure in the tunnel support structure described in this embodiment.

[0029] Reference numerals: 1. First support; 2. Second support; 3. Energy-absorbing structure; 31. First connecting plate; 32. Second connecting plate; 33. Shell; 331. Sub-cavity; 34. First side plate; 341. First energy-absorbing groove. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application, the solution of this application will be further described below. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in these embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0031] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of this application, but this application may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein; obviously, the embodiments in the specification are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments.

[0032] Tunnel construction in high-stress soft rock strata is prone to large tunnel deformations. Traditional steel frame support methods must withstand significant surrounding rock deformation pressure and cannot effectively release this pressure, easily leading to deformation and failure. Therefore, this disclosure provides a tunnel support structure that uses an energy-absorbing structure instead of traditional steel frame joints. This structure effectively relieves pressure, releases most of the surrounding rock deformation energy, and then bears the remaining energy, thus significantly improving the safety performance of the support.

[0033] Combination Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the tunnel support structure provided in this embodiment includes multiple support units, which are connected sequentially to form an arched frame. Each support unit includes a first support 1 and a second support 2. An energy-absorbing structure 3 is provided between the first support 1 and the second support 2, and both ends of the energy-absorbing structure 3 are connected to the first support 1 and the second support 2, respectively. An energy-absorbing structure 3 is provided between two adjacent support units. The energy-absorbing structure 3 includes a shell 33, which includes a first side plate 34, a second side plate, a third side plate, and a fourth side plate connected sequentially. The first side plate 34 and the third side plate are arranged opposite to each other, and the second side plate and the fourth side plate are arranged opposite to each other. The first side plate 34 is provided with a first energy-absorbing groove 341, the second side plate is provided with a second energy-absorbing groove, the third side plate is provided with a third energy-absorbing groove, and the fourth side plate is provided with a fourth energy-absorbing groove. The first energy-absorbing groove 341, the second energy-absorbing groove, the third energy-absorbing groove, and the fourth energy-absorbing groove are connected sequentially. In this embodiment, the energy generated during tunnel deformation is first absorbed by the energy-absorbing structure 3. After the energy-absorbing structure 3 collapses and deforms, the energy of the surrounding rock is released, effectively solving the problem of easy deformation and failure in the initial support of tunnels with large deformation in soft rock under high ground stress. After the energy of the surrounding rock is released, the subsequent pressure is borne by the first support 1 or the second support 2, which can greatly reduce the support stress on the first support 1 or the second support 2 and effectively support the tunnel. In this embodiment, the energy-absorbing structure 3 is used instead of the traditional steel frame joint, which can effectively play a pressure-relief role, release most of the deformation energy of the surrounding rock, and allow the first support or the second support to bear the remaining energy, which can effectively improve the support safety performance.

[0034] The first, second, third, and fourth energy-absorbing grooves deform due to the stress of the surrounding rock, allowing the energy of the surrounding rock to be released. This effectively solves the problem of deformation and failure in the initial support of tunnels in soft rock with large deformation in high-altitude areas.

[0035] Optionally, the energy-absorbing structure 3 is welded to the first support 1 and the second support 2 respectively. The energy-absorbing structure 3 is connected to the first support 1 and the second support 2 by a simple welding method, which is easy to construct on site, highly operable, and has certain economic value.

[0036] In some specific implementations, an energy-absorbing structure 3 is provided between two adjacent support units. The energy-absorbing structure 3 can effectively exert a pressure-relief effect, releasing most of the deformation energy of the surrounding rock, and then bearing the remaining energy, which can effectively improve the support safety performance. The energy generated during tunnel deformation is first absorbed by the energy-absorbing structure 3. After the energy-absorbing structure 3 collapses and deforms, the tunnel deformation is almost complete, and the subsequent deformation is then borne by the support unit, which can greatly reduce the support stress on the support unit and effectively support the tunnel.

[0037] In some specific embodiments, the energy-absorbing structure 3 includes a first connecting plate 31 and a second connecting plate 32; the first connecting plate 31 and the second connecting plate 32 are installed on both end faces of the housing 33; the first connecting plate 31 is connected to the first support 1, and the second connecting plate 32 is connected to the second support 2; the first connecting plate 31, the second connecting plate 32, the first side plate 34, the second side plate, the third side plate, and the fourth side plate are arranged to form a rectangular structure with an internal cavity. The energy generated during tunnel deformation can cause the housing 33 to collapse and deform. After the housing 33 collapses and deforms, the tunnel deformation is nearly complete, and subsequent deformation is then borne by the support unit, which can greatly reduce the support stress on the support unit and effectively support the tunnel.

[0038] In some specific embodiments, a plurality of first energy-absorbing grooves 341 are evenly spaced along the direction from the first connecting plate 31 to the second connecting plate 32; a plurality of second energy-absorbing grooves are evenly spaced along the direction from the first connecting plate 31 to the second connecting plate 32; a plurality of third energy-absorbing grooves are evenly spaced along the direction from the first connecting plate 31 to the second connecting plate 32; and a plurality of fourth energy-absorbing grooves are evenly spaced along the direction from the first connecting plate 31 to the second connecting plate 32.

[0039] The first side plate 34 is provided with multiple first energy-absorbing grooves 341, the second side plate is provided with multiple second energy-absorbing grooves, the third side plate is provided with multiple third energy-absorbing grooves, and the fourth side plate is provided with multiple fourth energy-absorbing grooves. Adjacent first energy-absorbing grooves 341, second energy-absorbing grooves, third energy-absorbing grooves, and fourth energy-absorbing grooves are connected sequentially. The first energy-absorbing grooves 341, second energy-absorbing grooves, third energy-absorbing grooves, and fourth energy-absorbing grooves are uniformly spaced along the direction L from the first connecting plate 31 to the second connecting plate 32. The energy generated during tunnel deformation can cause the first energy-absorbing grooves 341, second energy-absorbing grooves, third energy-absorbing grooves, and fourth energy-absorbing grooves to crush and absorb energy. During deformation, while satisfying energy absorption, they effectively superimpose and support the height of the shell 33 after deformation, ensuring the residual deformation of the shell 33 after crushing; ensuring the stability of the energy-absorbing structure 3 during collapse deformation, and effectively absorbing the energy generated during tunnel deformation.

[0040] In some specific embodiments, the surfaces of the first energy-absorbing groove 341, the second energy-absorbing groove, the third energy-absorbing groove, and the fourth energy-absorbing groove are all curved surfaces. The curved surfaces are smoothly connected to the corresponding side plates, which allows the first energy-absorbing groove 341, the second energy-absorbing groove, the third energy-absorbing groove, and the fourth energy-absorbing groove to crush and absorb energy in sequence. During deformation, while satisfying the energy absorption requirement, they effectively stack and support the height of the shell 33 after deformation, ensuring the residual deformation of the shell 33 after crushing.

[0041] In some specific embodiments, the widths of the first energy-absorbing groove 341, the second energy-absorbing groove, the third energy-absorbing groove, and the fourth energy-absorbing groove are all 5mm to 10mm. Multiple first energy-absorbing grooves 341, second energy-absorbing grooves, third energy-absorbing grooves, and fourth energy-absorbing grooves can be sequentially crushed to absorb energy. During deformation, while satisfying energy absorption, they effectively stack and support the height of the deformed shell 33, ensuring the residual deformation of the shell 33 after crushing.

[0042] In some specific embodiments, the cavity contains multiple sub-cavities 331, which extend along the direction L from the first connecting plate 31 to the second connecting plate 32, and are arranged in a honeycomb pattern. The energy generated during tunnel deformation allows the multiple first, second, third, and fourth energy-absorbing grooves to sequentially crush and absorb energy. During deformation, while satisfying energy absorption, these grooves effectively stack and support the height of the deformed shell 33, ensuring the residual deformation of the shell 33 after crushing. The honeycomb arrangement of the multiple sub-cavities 331 ensures the stability of the energy-absorbing structure 3 during collapse deformation and effectively absorbs the energy generated during tunnel deformation.

[0043] In some specific embodiments, the sub-cavity 331 is provided with porous material to ensure the residual deformation of the shell 33 after crushing, and to ensure the stability of the energy-absorbing structure 3 during collapse deformation, so as to effectively absorb the energy generated during tunnel deformation.

[0044] In some specific embodiments, the shell 33 is rectangular, made of Q235 steel, with a wall thickness of 0.5–1 cm, a width of 100–110 mm, and a length of 50–80 mm. This ensures the residual deformation of the shell 33 after crushing, guarantees the stability of the energy-absorbing structure 3 during collapse deformation, and can effectively absorb the energy generated during tunnel deformation.

[0045] In some specific implementations, the support unit uses an I16a I-beam frame, while an I20a I-beam frame is used in weak and fractured areas. The support unit is fixed to positioning anchor bolts, radial anchor bolts, or double-sided locking anchor pipes. The steel frame is connected along the tunnel longitudinally using φ22 steel bars, with the longitudinal spacing ranging from 1.0 to 1.2 meters depending on the geological conditions.

[0046] In some specific embodiments, both the first support 1 and the second support 2 are steel frames. Depending on the geological strata and tunnel cross-section shape (horseshoe, circular, etc.), the circumferential arrangement of the steel frames can be different. This patent uses a typical horseshoe-shaped tunnel cross-section as an example, where the circumferential steel frame is assembled from 7 pieces. Energy-absorbing structures 3 are welded together at the steel frame joints. The energy-absorbing structure 3 is rectangular, made of Q235 steel, with a wall thickness of 0.5–1 cm, a width limited by the steel frame's waist height of 100–110 mm, and a length of 50–80 mm. It is hollow internally, and each circumferential joint of the steel frame is welded with an energy-absorbing structure 3.

[0047] Depending on the spacing of the steel frame, the energy-absorbing structure 3 is equipped with 3 to 5 first energy-absorbing grooves 341, second energy-absorbing grooves, third energy-absorbing grooves, and fourth energy-absorbing grooves. The width of each of the first, second, third, and fourth energy-absorbing grooves is 5 to 10 mm. When the soft rock strata undergo compression deformation, the confining pressure deformation energy is initially borne by the energy-absorbing structure 3. Each of the first, second, third, and fourth energy-absorbing grooves gradually collapses and absorbs energy. Only after the energy-absorbing structure 3 has completely collapsed does the surrounding rock deformation energy come under the load of the steel frame (first support 1 or second support 2). At this point, most of the energy has been released by the collapse of the energy-absorbing structure 3, and the steel frame can effectively bear the remaining small portion of energy. In this embodiment, the energy-absorbing structure 3 replaces the traditional steel frame joint, which can effectively exert a pressure-relief effect, releasing most of the surrounding rock deformation energy. The first support 1 or second support 2 then bears the remaining energy, effectively improving the support safety performance. The energy-absorbing structure 3 is connected to the first support 1 or the second support 2 by a simple welding method. It is easy to construct on site, highly operable, and has certain economic value.

[0048] In some specific implementations, if the geological conditions of the tunnel are poor (such as fractured zones), the strength of the steel frame can be appropriately increased and the number of energy-absorbing structures can be increased.

[0049] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Unless otherwise specified, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes the element.

[0050] The above are merely specific embodiments of this disclosure, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement this disclosure. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this disclosure. Therefore, this disclosure is not to be limited to these embodiments, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

[0051] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0052] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments described herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A tunnel support structure, characterized in that, include: Multiple support units are connected in sequence to form an arched frame; The support unit includes a first support (1) and a second support (2), and an energy-absorbing structure (3) is provided between the first support (1) and the second support (2). The two ends of the energy-absorbing structure (3) are respectively connected to the first support (1) and the second support (2). The energy-absorbing structure (3) includes a shell (33), which includes a first side plate (34), a second side plate, a third side plate and a fourth side plate connected in sequence. The first side plate (34) and the third side plate are arranged opposite to each other, and the second side plate and the fourth side plate are arranged opposite to each other. The first side plate (34) is provided with a first energy-absorbing groove (341), the second side plate is provided with a second energy-absorbing groove, the third side plate is provided with a third energy-absorbing groove, and the fourth side plate is provided with a fourth energy-absorbing groove. The first energy-absorbing groove (341), the second energy-absorbing groove, the third energy-absorbing groove and the fourth energy-absorbing groove are connected in sequence. The energy-absorbing structure (3) includes a first connecting plate (31) and a second connecting plate (32); The first connecting plate (31) and the second connecting plate (32) are installed on both ends of the housing (33); the first connecting plate (31) is connected to the first bracket (1), and the second connecting plate (32) is connected to the second bracket (2); The first connecting plate (31), the second connecting plate (32), the first side plate (34), the second side plate, the third side plate, and the fourth side plate are arranged to form a rectangular structure with an internal cavity; Multiple first energy-absorbing slots (341) are evenly spaced along the direction from the first connecting plate (31) to the second connecting plate (32); The plurality of second energy-absorbing grooves are evenly spaced along the direction from the first connecting plate (31) to the second connecting plate (32); The plurality of the third energy-absorbing grooves are evenly spaced along the direction from the first connecting plate (31) to the second connecting plate (32); The plurality of fourth energy-absorbing grooves are evenly spaced along the direction from the first connecting plate (31) to the second connecting plate (32).

2. The tunnel support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy-absorbing structure (3) is provided between two adjacent support units.

3. The tunnel support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surfaces of the first energy-absorbing groove (341), the second energy-absorbing groove, the third energy-absorbing groove, and the fourth energy-absorbing groove are all curved surfaces.

4. The tunnel support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The widths of the first energy-absorbing groove (341), the second energy-absorbing groove, the third energy-absorbing groove, and the fourth energy-absorbing groove are all 5mm to 10mm.

5. The tunnel support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cavity is provided with a plurality of sub-cavities (331), which extend along the direction from the first connecting plate (31) to the second connecting plate (32), and the plurality of sub-cavities (331) are arranged in a honeycomb pattern.

6. The tunnel support structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The sub-cavity (331) is provided with porous material.

7. The tunnel support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shell (33) is rectangular and made of Q235 steel. The shell (33) has a wall thickness of 0.5-1cm, a width of 100-110mm, and a length of 50-80mm.

8. The tunnel support structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The support unit adopts an I16a I-beam frame, and an I20a I-beam frame is adopted for weak and broken areas. The support unit is fixed with positioning anchors, radial anchors or double-sided locking anchor pipes.

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