A combined heat and power device and system for generating power using waste heat of cooling air of a type i furnace

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of power generation, cogeneration device for utilizing I type furnace cooling wind waste heat, comprising: heat dissipation module, semiconductor thermoelectric power generation module, heat transfer module, heat collection module, power storage-power supply module, heating module;The heat dissipation module, semiconductor thermoelectric power generation module, heat transfer module, heat collection module are sequentially stacked and set in the both sides of reduction furnace, and each module is connected by bolt fixation;The heat dissipation module is set at the air inlet of reduction furnace, and the heat collection module is set at the air outlet of reduction furnace, and the heating module is connected the air outlet of reduction furnace;The application utilizes metallurgical reduction furnace cooling wind as high-temperature heat source, changes the traditional waste heat recovery utilization form, avoids the equipment corrosion caused by flue gas impurities, saves the construction investment of tail gas treatment equipment;Meanwhile, the application reuses the waste heat of equipment cooling by using semiconductor thermoelectric power generation module, considers cogeneration, and maximally reduces energy waste.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of waste heat utilization technology of metallurgical process boilers, specifically relating to a waste heat power generation and cogeneration device and system that utilizes the cooling air of a Type I furnace. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, primary energy consumption is enormous, particularly in the metallurgical industry and coal-fired power plants, with numerous boilers generating significant amounts of heat. In actual production processes, much of this heat is not recovered and utilized but is directly released into the atmosphere, leading to energy waste and thermal pollution. This inevitably causes power shortages and impacts production and daily life. Therefore, the green transformation and upgrading of enterprises engaged in efficient and feasible waste heat recovery and utilization is of great significance.

[0003] In recent years, China has achieved relatively mature technologies for utilizing waste heat from flue gas in metal smelting and sintering processes. However, there is a lack of technology for utilizing medium- and high-temperature waste heat from processes such as molten pool smelting and smelting reduction. Currently, large reduction furnaces, such as the ISA furnace, mostly use forced-air cooling. Cooling air enters from the cooling duct at the top of the furnace body, exchanges heat with the reduction furnace, and then flows out from the lower duct. Much of this heat is directly discharged without being collected and utilized, resulting in energy waste. Currently, equipment for utilizing waste heat from magnesia reduction furnaces mostly uses water-based heat exchange devices. The heat exchanger pipes of this device are arranged inside the flue. Water enters the heat exchange pipes at room temperature, absorbs heat, and then enters the evaporator to release heat, generating saturated steam to drive a turbine to generate electricity. After cooling, the steam returns to the heat exchange device under the drive of a pump to complete the cycle. However, waste heat boilers are generally large and difficult to install near the reduction furnace. Considering the temperature drop caused by the actual layout, this not only reduces the efficiency of waste heat utilization but also increases construction and maintenance costs. If a small-tonnage boiler is used, there is a problem of a large amount of waste heat being directly discharged.

[0004] The invention patent application with application number 202010837765.6, entitled "Solid Oxide Fuel Cell-Semiconductor Thermoelectric Power Generation System Based on Heat Pipe Cooling," utilizes a solid oxide fuel cell as the hot end, with the cold end of a thermoelectric power generation module connected to a cooling fuel pipe. Although it can utilize the waste heat of the fuel cell, it requires an additional fuel pump and reformer, resulting in a complex structure and inconvenient installation.

[0005] The invention patent application number 201720984316.8, entitled "An Energy-Saving Boiler Waste Heat Power Generation Device," describes a device that installs semiconductor thermoelectric generators on both sides of the boiler wall. This installation method integrates the generators with the boiler, and any malfunction requires shutdown for maintenance, impacting the boiler's production cycle.

[0006] The invention patent application with application number 202210160984.4, entitled "An Energy Storage Device for Boiler Waste Heat Recovery," describes a device consisting of two interconnectable enclosed structures. Each structure houses a steam assembly that uses the heat from the steam to drive a semiconductor thermoelectric generator. However, this device is bulky, inconvenient to install and disassemble, and requires a water tank to convert water into steam and generate vapor pressure within the structure, potentially impacting the boiler's lifespan. Furthermore, the device does not consider secondary waste heat recovery from the steam, resulting in limited waste heat utilization efficiency.

[0007] Therefore, in order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and improve the utilization rate of waste heat from the cooling air of the reduction furnace, the inventors provide a device and system for generating electricity and cogeneration using waste heat from the cooling air of the Type I furnace. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a waste heat power generation and cogeneration device and system utilizing the cooling air of a type I furnace, which solves the problem of waste heat resource waste caused by the direct discharge of cooling air from the reduction furnace.

[0009] To achieve the above-mentioned technical effects, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: a waste heat power generation and cogeneration device utilizing the cooling air of a type I furnace, comprising: a heat dissipation module, a semiconductor thermoelectric power generation module, a heat transfer module, a heat collection module, an energy storage-power supply module, and a heating module;

[0010] The heat dissipation module, the thermoelectric power generation module, the heat transfer module, and the heat collection module are stacked sequentially on both sides of the reduction furnace, and the modules are fixedly connected by bolts. The heat dissipation module is located at the air inlet of the reduction furnace, the heat collection module is located at the air outlet of the reduction furnace, and the heating module is connected to the air outlet of the reduction furnace. The heat dissipation module maintains a low temperature under the action of cold air in the air inlet, and the heat collection module collects the heat carried in the high temperature air in the air outlet and transfers it to the heat transfer module. The heat transfer module and the heat dissipation module act on the two ends of the thermoelectric power generation module with their hot and cold ends, respectively, to make it generate electricity. The thermoelectric power generation module is electrically connected to the energy storage-power supply module through wires.

[0011] Furthermore, the heating module includes a guide duct and a waste heat boiler. One end of the guide duct is fixedly connected to the air outlet of the reduction furnace, and the other end is fixedly connected to the waste heat boiler. The waste heat boiler is connected to the user end through a pipe to provide heating to the user. An exhaust ventilation net is installed at the air outlet of the air outlet.

[0012] Furthermore, the heat dissipation module includes a rectangular steel channel and straight ribs with equal cross-section at the cold end, the straight ribs with equal cross-section at the cold end being staggered and fixedly arranged on the side wall of the rectangular steel channel; the bottom of the rectangular steel channel is provided with threaded hole feet for bolting the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation module;

[0013] Furthermore, the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation module includes a semiconductor thermoelectric power generation chip, a flow guide groove, and a thermoelectric component housing; the thermoelectric power generation chip and the flow guide groove are arranged alternately; threaded hole feet for bolt connection of the heat dissipation module and the heat transfer module are fixed at both ends of the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation module.

[0014] Furthermore, the heat transfer module includes a steel-water heat pipe body, a heat pipe end cap, a heat pipe "cold end" base, and ultrafine glass felt for heat insulation; the heat pipe end cap and the heat pipe "cold end" base are respectively disposed at both ends of the steel-water heat pipe body, and the top of the heat transfer module is fixedly provided with a threaded hole foot for bolt connection to the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation module.

[0015] Furthermore, the heat collection module includes a collector base, copper heat pipes, and parallel aluminum finned plates. The copper heat pipes are welded to the collector base, and the parallel aluminum finned plates are welded between the copper heat pipes.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0017] This invention utilizes the cooling air of a metallurgical reduction furnace as a high-temperature heat source, changing the traditional form of waste heat recovery and utilization, avoiding equipment corrosion caused by impurities in flue gas, and saving the investment in the construction of tail gas treatment equipment; at the same time, this invention uses a semiconductor thermoelectric power generation module to reuse the waste heat from equipment cooling, taking into account combined heat and power, and minimizing energy waste. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a waste heat power generation and cogeneration device that utilizes the cooling air of a type I furnace;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a heat dissipation module for a combined heat and power (CHP) device that utilizes the waste heat from the cooling air of a Type I furnace for power generation.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a side view of a heat dissipation module of a combined heat and power (CHP) unit that utilizes the waste heat from the cooling air of a type I furnace for power generation.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of a heat dissipation module for a combined heat and power (CHP) device that utilizes the waste heat from the cooling air of a Type I furnace for power generation.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a front cross-sectional view of a semiconductor thermoelectric power generation module that utilizes the waste heat from the cooling air of a type I furnace for power generation and cogeneration.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a side cross-sectional view of a semiconductor thermoelectric power generation module for a combined heat and power (CHP) device that utilizes the waste heat from the cooling air of a type I furnace.

[0025] Figure 7 This is a front half-sectional view of a heat transfer module of a combined heat and power (CHP) unit that utilizes the waste heat from the cooling air of a type I furnace for power generation.

[0026] Figure 8 This is a side half-sectional view of a heat transfer module of a combined heat and power (CHP) device that utilizes the waste heat from the cooling air of a type I furnace for power generation.

[0027] Figure 9 This is a front cross-sectional view of a heat collection module for a combined heat and power (CHP) device that utilizes the waste heat from the cooling air of a type I furnace for power generation.

[0028] Figure 10 This is a side cross-sectional view of a heat collection module for a combined heat and power (CHP) device that utilizes the waste heat from the cooling air of a type I furnace for power generation.

[0029] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of a heating system for a combined heat and power (CHP) unit that utilizes the waste heat from the cooling air of a Type I furnace for power generation.

[0030] In the attached diagram, the components represented by each number are shown below:

[0031] 1. Air inlet pipe; 2. Blower; 3. Electric motor; 4. Air inlet duct; 5. Heat dissipation module; 6. Semiconductor thermoelectric generator module; 7. Waste heat boiler; 8. User; 9. Heat transfer module; 10. Heat collection module; 11. Guide duct; 12. Air outlet duct; 13. Ventilation net; 14. Reduction furnace cooling duct; 15. Reduction furnace; 16. Connecting wire; 17. Battery; 18. Rectangular steel channel; 19. Threaded hole foot; 20. Cold end equal cross-section straight rib; 21. Semiconductor thermoelectric generator; 22. Guide groove; 23. Thermoelectric component shell; 26. Steel-water heat pipe body; 27. Ultrafine glass felt; 28. Heat pipe end cap; 29. ​​Heat pipe "cold end" base; 30. Collector base; 31. Copper heat pipe; 32. Parallel aluminum fin sheet; 33. Boiler room exterior wall; 34. Boiler furnace wall; 35. Heating water tank; 36. Air duct; 37. User terminal. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] See appendix Figure 1 As shown, a waste heat power generation and cogeneration device utilizing the cooling air of a type I furnace includes: a heat dissipation module 5, a semiconductor thermoelectric power generation module 6, a heat transfer module 9, a heat collection module 10, an energy storage-power supply module, and a heating module.

[0035] The heat dissipation module 5, the thermoelectric power generation module 6, the heat transfer module 9, and the heat collection module 10 are stacked sequentially on both sides of the reduction furnace 15, and the modules are fixedly connected by bolts. The heat dissipation module 5 is located at the air inlet duct 4 of the reduction furnace 15, and the heat collection module 10 is located at the air outlet duct 12 of the reduction furnace 15. The heating module is connected to the air outlet duct 12 of the reduction furnace 15. The heat dissipation module 5 maintains a low temperature under the action of cold air in the air inlet duct 4. The heat collection module 10 collects the heat carried in the high temperature air in the air outlet duct 12 and transfers it to the heat transfer module 9. The heat transfer module 9 and the heat dissipation module 5 act on the two ends of the thermoelectric power generation module 6 with their hot and cold ends, respectively, to make it generate electricity. The thermoelectric power generation module 6 is electrically connected to the energy storage-power supply module through wires.

[0036] The heating module includes a guide duct 11 and a waste heat boiler 7. One end of the guide duct 11 is fixedly connected to the air outlet duct 12 of the reduction furnace 15, and the other end is fixedly connected to the waste heat boiler. The waste heat boiler is connected to the user 8 through a pipe to provide heating to the user 8.

[0037] Example 2

[0038] This embodiment is a preferred implementation of the heat dissipation module 5:

[0039] See Figures 2 to 4 As shown, the rectangular steel channel 18 in the heat dissipation module 5 is made of cold-rolled steel plate, which plays a role in stabilizing and dissipating heat for the cold end equal cross section straight rib 20. The cold end equal cross section straight rib 20 serves as a heat dissipation fin, and the material is brass. It is installed in the air inlet duct 4 of the cooling air of the reduction furnace 15 and uses the low temperature air blown in by the blower 2 for heat dissipation.

[0040] The lower surface of the rectangular steel channel 18 in the heat dissipation module 5 is provided with a threaded connection port, which forms a threaded connection with the semiconductor thermoelectric module 6. The cold wall surface directly contacts the cold end of the semiconductor thermoelectric chip 21, and thermal grease is evenly applied in the middle.

[0041] The heat dissipation module 5 is welded into a whole by cold end equal cross section straight rib 20 and rectangular steel channel 18. The material of cold end equal cross section straight rib 20 is brass.

[0042] Its dimensions are 85mm x 40mm x 2mm (width x depth x thickness). It is installed in a staggered, side-by-side configuration, with each straight rib of equal cross-section spaced 15-20mm apart. The rectangular steel channel 18 is made of aluminum alloy, 2mm thick, and measures 145mm x 110mm x 40mm (width x height x depth). It is installed inside the air inlet duct 4. At the four corners of its contact surface with the air inlet duct 4 and the cold end of the thermoelectric generator module, there are outward-extending feet measuring 30mm x 30mm x 2mm (length x width x thickness), with threaded holes for threaded connection of the module. The connectors are M10 standard hex bolts made of Q235 steel. Each bolt is equipped with double nuts for anti-loosening.

[0043] Example 3

[0044] This embodiment is a preferred implementation of the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation module 6:

[0045] See Figures 5 to 6 As shown, the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation module 6 includes a semiconductor thermoelectric power generation chip 21, a flow guide groove 22, and a thermoelectric component housing 23; the thermoelectric power generation chip and the flow guide groove 22 are arranged alternately; the two ends of the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation module 6 are fixedly provided with threaded hole feet 19 for bolt connection of heat dissipation module 5 and heat transfer module 9; each semiconductor thermoelectric power generation chip 21 has a flow guide groove 22 reserved in the middle to enhance heat transfer efficiency;

[0046] In the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation module 6, the hot end of the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation chip 21 is attached to the heat pipe "cold end" base 29 of the heat transfer module 9 and thermal grease is applied evenly. At the same time, the heat pipe "cold end" base 29 is fixed to the thermoelectric component housing 23 by bolts.

[0047] The semiconductor thermoelectric power generation module 6 includes three sets of thermoelectric power generation components. Each component consists of 63 p-type β-Zn4Sb3 & n-type n-CoSb3 semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheets 21, each sheet having dimensions of length × width × thickness = 40mm × 40mm × 3.4mm. The power generation sheets are spaced 5mm apart by guide grooves 22 to improve the heat transfer efficiency within the component.

[0048] Example 4

[0049] This embodiment is a preferred implementation of the heat transfer module 9:

[0050] See Figures 7 to 8The heat transfer module 9 includes a steel-water heat pipe body 26, a heat pipe end cap 28, a heat pipe "cold end" base 29, and an ultrafine glass felt 27 for heat insulation; the heat pipe end cap 28 and the heat pipe "cold end" base 29 are respectively disposed at both ends of the steel-water heat pipe body 26, and the top of the heat transfer module 9 is fixedly provided with a threaded hole foot 19 for bolt connection to the semiconductor thermoelectric generator module 6; the entire module is placed inside an ABS plastic shell;

[0051] The outer diameter d of the steel-water heat pipe o =25mm, inner diameter d i =21mm, a total of 3 are set.

[0052] Example 5

[0053] This embodiment is a preferred implementation of the heat collection module 10:

[0054] See Figures 9 to 10 As shown, the heat collection module 10 includes a collector base 30, copper heat pipes 31, and parallel aluminum finned plates 32. The copper heat pipes 31 are welded to the collector base 30, and the parallel aluminum finned plates 32 are welded between the copper heat pipes 31. Each plate is about 1 mm thick, and the spacing between the plates is 5 mm. In this way, while ensuring sufficient heat exchange efficiency, it also has sufficient strength, so that the entire tower column can withstand the impact of cooling air.

[0055] The overall height of the heat collection module 10 is 120mm, the thickness of the collector base 30 is 30mm, the height of the tower is 100mm, and the base, heat pipe and stainless steel sheet are assembled into a whole by welding.

[0056] The copper heat pipes 31 are arranged in two rows, with 6 pipes in each row, totaling 12 pipes. Each copper pipe is ring-shaped with a diameter of 15mm, and the bend diameter is 45mm. The collector base 30 is made of stainless steel and measures 100mm x 100mm x 30mm (height x width x depth). It extends outwards with feet measuring 30mm x 30mm x 2mm (length x width x thickness) and has threaded holes for threaded connections. One end of the copper pipe is embedded in the base to a depth of 15mm. The parallel aluminum finned plates 32 are welded to the copper pipes; they are made of carbon steel and each plate is 1mm thick. Furthermore, the base is wrapped with insulating material to reduce heat loss and prevent burns.

[0057] Example 6

[0058] This embodiment illustrates the operating principle of a waste heat power generation and cogeneration device that utilizes the cooling air of a type I furnace.

[0059] During system operation, ambient temperature air enters the blower 2 through the intake pipe 1. Driven by the motor 3, the low-temperature air is compressed and blown into the reduction furnace cooling air duct 14 from the air intake duct 4. The incoming cold air flows through the heat dissipation module 5 installed at the inlet of the air intake duct 4, maintaining the module's low temperature. Subsequently, it absorbs the heat radiated by the reduction furnace 15 within the air duct, becoming high-temperature air. The lower part of the heat dissipation module 5 is in close contact with the upper end of the thermoelectric generator module 6, forming the "cold end" of the thermoelectric generator component. When the high-temperature air flows out from the air outlet duct 12, it has a temperature of approximately 310°C and exchanges heat with the heat collection module 10 installed inside the air outlet duct 12 before flowing out. In addition, an exhaust vent ventilation mesh 13 is installed at the air outlet of the air outlet duct 12. The heat collection module 10 collects the heat carried by the high-temperature air and transfers it to the heat transfer module 9. The heat transfer module 9 then carries the heat to the lower end of the semiconductor thermoelectric generator component. In this way, the upper end of the component remains the cold end of the low-temperature air, while the lower end receives the heat from the high-temperature heat source and becomes the hot end, thus forming a thermoelectric potential and completing the main part of waste heat power generation. The electricity generated by the system can be transmitted to the storage battery 17 through the connecting wire 16, or directly supplied to the motor 3 as a supplement to the power supply of the motor 3, or supplied to the waste heat boiler 7 for supplemental heating. The hot air discharged from the air outlet duct 12 is connected to the waste heat boiler 7 through the guide duct 11 for secondary waste heat utilization, boiling the water in the heating water tank 35 and supplying it to the user terminal 37 in the plant to meet the hot water demand of the plant area.

[0060] The working process of the waste heat power generation and cogeneration system is as follows: air is blown into the cooling air duct 14 of the reduction furnace by the blower 2, and absorbs the radiant heat of the reduction furnace 15. The heated air first undergoes heat exchange in the heat collection module 10, and the heat is transferred to the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation module 6 to generate electricity. Then the air enters the waste heat boiler 7 through the duct 36 for secondary heat exchange, so as to achieve the secondary utilization of waste heat resources.

[0061] In summary, this invention utilizes the cooling air of a metallurgical reduction furnace as a high-temperature heat source, changing the traditional form of waste heat recovery and utilization, avoiding equipment corrosion caused by impurities in flue gas, and saving the investment in the construction of tail gas treatment equipment; at the same time, this invention uses a semiconductor thermoelectric power generation module to reuse the waste heat from equipment cooling, taking into account combined heat and power, and minimizing energy waste.

[0062] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "an embodiment," "example," "specific example," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0063] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are merely illustrative of the invention. These preferred embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementations described. Clearly, many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A waste heat power generation and cogeneration device utilizing the cooling air of a type I furnace, characterized in that, include: Heat dissipation module, semiconductor thermoelectric power generation module, heat transfer module, heat collection module, energy storage-power supply module, heating module; The heat dissipation module, the thermoelectric power generation module, the heat transfer module, and the heat collection module are stacked sequentially on both sides of the reduction furnace, and the modules are fixedly connected by bolts. The heat dissipation module is located at the air inlet of the reduction furnace, the heat collection module is located at the air outlet of the reduction furnace, and the heating module is connected to the air outlet of the reduction furnace. The heat dissipation module maintains a low temperature under the action of cold air in the air inlet, and the heat collection module collects the heat carried in the high temperature air in the air outlet and transfers it to the heat transfer module. The heat transfer module and the heat dissipation module act on the two ends of the thermoelectric power generation module with their hot and cold ends, respectively, to make it generate electricity. The thermoelectric power generation module is electrically connected to the energy storage-power supply module through wires. The heating module includes a guide duct and a waste heat boiler. One end of the guide duct is fixedly connected to the air outlet of the reduction furnace, and the other end is fixedly connected to the waste heat boiler. The waste heat boiler is connected to the user end through a pipe to provide heating to the user. An exhaust ventilation net is installed at the air outlet of the air outlet.

2. The waste heat power generation and cogeneration device utilizing the cooling air of a type I furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat dissipation module includes a rectangular steel channel and straight ribs with equal cross-section at the cold end. The straight ribs with equal cross-section at the cold end are staggered and fixed on the side wall of the rectangular steel channel. The bottom of the rectangular steel channel is provided with threaded hole feet for bolting the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation module.

3. The waste heat power generation and cogeneration device utilizing the cooling air of a type I furnace according to claim 2, characterized in that, The semiconductor thermoelectric power generation module includes a semiconductor thermoelectric power generation chip, a flow guide groove, and a thermoelectric component housing; the thermoelectric power generation chip and the flow guide groove are arranged alternately; the two ends of the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation module are fixedly provided with threaded hole feet for bolt connection of heat dissipation module and heat transfer module.

4. The waste heat power generation and cogeneration device utilizing the cooling air of a type I furnace according to claim 3, characterized in that, The heat transfer module includes a steel-water heat pipe body, a heat pipe end cap, a heat pipe "cold end" base, and ultrafine glass felt for heat insulation; the heat pipe end cap and the heat pipe "cold end" base are respectively disposed at both ends of the steel-water heat pipe body, and the top of the heat transfer module is fixedly provided with a threaded hole foot for bolt connection to the semiconductor thermoelectric generator module.

5. The waste heat power generation and cogeneration device utilizing the cooling air of a type I furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat collection module includes a collector base, copper heat pipes, and parallel aluminum finned plates. The copper heat pipes are welded to the collector base, and the parallel aluminum finned plates are welded between the copper heat pipes.

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