A device for simulating rock burst and a method for simulating rock burst

Abstract

The application provides a device for simulating rock burst and a rock burst simulation method. The device comprises a counterforce frame, the counterforce frame comprises a base, vertical supports are arranged on four sides of the base, two groups of vertically arranged sliding grooves are arranged on the base, a sliding protrusion matched with the sliding grooves is arranged at the bottom of a force plate, the force plate is arranged in four groups, the four groups of force plates form a box body with a top and a bottom, a rock sample is placed in the box body, a limiting mechanism for limiting the force plate is arranged on the counterforce frame, a top pressure plate is arranged on the top of the rock sample, mounting holes matched with the vertical supports are arranged at two ends of the top pressure plate, a plurality of screw holes are arranged on the vertical supports, limiting screws are arranged in the screw holes to limit the top pressure plate, and a reaction box mechanism corresponding to the force plate is arranged on the inner side of the vertical support. The device has a simple structure and can simulate the rock burst process in a laboratory.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rockburst testing, and in particular to an apparatus and method for simulating rockbursts. Background Technology

[0002] Rockburst is a common dynamic failure phenomenon during the construction of deep underground engineering projects. When the high elastic strain energy accumulated in the rock mass exceeds the energy consumed by rock fracture, the equilibrium of the rock mass structure is disrupted. The excess energy causes the rock to burst, resulting in rock fragments being detached and ejected from the rock mass. Rockbursts often cause severe damage to excavation faces, equipment damage, and personnel casualties, becoming a global challenge in the fields of underground rock engineering and rock mechanics. Severe rockbursts can reach a magnitude of 4.6 and an intensity of 7-8, damaging surface buildings, severely impacting surface construction, delaying normal road operations, and endangering public safety. Rockbursts occur instantaneously, and current data is still unavailable, resulting in limited research and prevention efforts.

[0003] This simulation device monitors rockburst data during rockbursts through indoor simulation experiments, analyzes the data and phenomena, and implements corresponding protective measures to reduce hazards. CN113984535B discloses a simulation device for deep rockburst dynamic hazards, comprising a front loader, a rear loader, a left loader, a right loader, an upper loader, and a lower loader. The front loader is located in front of the simulated rock sample, the rear loader is located behind the simulated rock sample, the left loader is located to the left of the simulated rock sample, the right loader is located to the right of the simulated rock sample, the upper loader is located above the simulated rock sample, and the lower loader is located below the simulated rock sample. This simulation device applies force to the rock by setting multiple loaders. However, in actual engineering, the surrounding rock is subjected to forces in multiple directions with varying magnitudes. The limitation of this fixed top, bottom, left, and right loader is that it can only apply force in four directions, and the pressure application method is constant, which differs significantly from actual rockbursts in engineering. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a device and method for simulating rockburst, which has a simple structure and can simulate the rockburst process in the laboratory.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: a device for simulating rockburst, including a reaction frame, the reaction frame including a base, vertical supports provided on all four sides of the base, two sets of vertically arranged sliding grooves provided on the base, sliding protrusions cooperating with the sliding grooves provided on the bottom of the force-applying plate, four sets of force-applying plates, the four sets of force-applying plates forming a box body with the top and bottom connected, the rock sample being placed in the box body, a limiting mechanism for limiting the force-applying plates provided on the reaction frame, a top pressure plate being set on the top of the rock sample, mounting holes cooperating with the vertical supports at both ends of the top pressure plate, several screw holes provided on the vertical supports, limiting screws installed in the screw holes to limit the top pressure plate, and a reaction box mechanism corresponding to the force-applying plates provided on the inner side of the vertical supports.

[0006] In a preferred embodiment, the bottom of the force-applying plate is provided with a pulley, and the base is provided with a slide rail that cooperates with the pulley.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment, the reaction box mechanism includes a sleeve disposed inside the vertical support, a force-applying column slidably installed inside the sleeve, one end of the force-applying column being connected to a force-applying plate, and a feeding port provided on the sleeve, through which the expanding agent is added into the sleeve and disposed at the end of the force-applying column.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, the feeding port is provided with a sealing plate, and pull-out grooves are provided on both sides of the feeding port, with both ends of the sealing plate inserted into the pull-out grooves.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the force-applying plate has several limiting protrusions on both sides, and limiting grooves are formed between the limiting protrusions. The limiting protrusions and limiting grooves between adjacent force-applying plates engage with each other.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the limiting mechanism includes an electric push rod disposed inside the vertical support, the telescopic end of which presses against the force-applying plate.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the limiting mechanism includes a lifting plate disposed in a slide groove. The top of the lifting plate is provided with several clamping grooves. The lifting plate is driven to move up and down by a driving mechanism. The driving mechanism includes a linear stepper motor disposed on the lower side of the lifting plate. The screw of the linear stepper motor drives the lifting plate to move up and down.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the force-applying plate is a transparent plate.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, pressure sensors are provided on the inner wall of the force-applying plate and the bottom of the top pressure plate. A screw is provided on the top pressure plate, and a compression spring is provided at the lower end of the screw. The pressure sensor is located at the lower end of the compression spring.

[0014] The present invention also provides a method for simulating rockburst using a device for simulating rockburst, comprising the following steps:

[0015] Step 1: Rock sample preparation. Place the prepared rock sample in the box assembled with the force application plate, and install the top pressure plate to compress the rock sample.

[0016] Step 2: Move the force-applying column so that the force-applying plate is in close contact with the rock sample, and add the expansion agent from the feeding port;

[0017] Step 3: Add water to the expanding agent through the feeding port to cause it to expand and react, which will generate a driving force on the force-applying column. The force-applying column will push the force-applying plate towards the rock sample and compress the rock sample.

[0018] Step 4: After the reaction is complete, activate the limiting mechanism to limit the force application plate. Then, remove the reacted expanding agent from the sleeve, release the limiting mechanism from limiting the force application plate, and a rockburst occurs.

[0019] The present invention provides a device and method for simulating rockbursts, which have the following beneficial effects:

[0020] 1. An innovative approach was proposed to use an expanding agent to simulate the accumulation of high ground stress, making the force on the rock sample closer to the actual engineering situation. The experiment was conducted indoors, reducing the consumption of manpower and material resources and greatly reducing the workload of rockburst parameter measurement.

[0021] 2. It can simulate complex stress conditions on one or more sides. By setting the stress plate as a transparent plate, it can achieve the purpose of visualization and allow for the observation of physical phenomena such as the development of cracks on each side of the rock sample when it is subjected to compression.

[0022] 3. Adding materials such as barite powder, gypsum powder, and bentonite to the rock sample to adjust its elastic modulus and adding mica flakes to simulate rock fissures can more realistically simulate various types of rocks, with a wide simulation range, and reduce the time and cost required for rock collection.

[0023] 4. The entire device is relatively convenient, can be operated indoors, and is not affected by terrain or space constraints, saving a significant amount of labor and money. Its simple structure, low cost, and easy operation allow for convenient simulation of real rockburst situations, enabling corresponding protective measures to be implemented. It has broad engineering practical significance and application prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0024] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0025] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the reaction frame structure;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the reaction chamber mechanism;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the top pressure plate.

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the force-applying plate.

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the cooperation between adjacent force-applying plates;

[0031] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Example 2;

[0032] In the diagram: 1. Base; 2. Vertical support; 3. Force plate; 4. Top pressure plate; 5. Limit screw; 6. Sleeve; 7. Force column; 8. Electric push rod; 9. Lifting plate; 10. Linear stepper motor; 11. Screw; 12. Compression spring; 101. Slide groove; 102. Slide track; 201. Sliding protrusion; 301. Pulley; 302. Limit protrusion; 303. Limit groove; 304. Mounting hole; 401. Feed port; 601. Sealing plate; 602. Pull-out groove; 603. Tightening groove; 901. Detailed Implementation

[0033] Example 1: As Figures 1-4 As shown, a device for simulating rockbursts includes a reaction frame, which includes a base 1. In this embodiment, as... Figure 2 As shown, the base 1 has a cross-shaped structure, and vertical supports 2 are provided on all four sides of the base 1. The base 1 has two sets of vertically arranged sliding grooves 101. The bottom of the force plate 3 has sliding protrusions 301 that cooperate with the sliding grooves 101. The force plate 3 can move along the sliding grooves 101. There are four sets of force plates 3. The four sets of force plates 3 form a box that is open at the top and bottom. The rock sample is placed in the box. In this embodiment, the force plate 3 is a transparent plate, specifically tempered glass, to facilitate the observation of the rock burst process of the rock sample in the box.

[0034] The reaction frame is equipped with a limiting mechanism to limit the force application plate 3. By setting the limiting mechanism, the force application plate 3 is limited before rockburst, preventing it from moving along the slide 101, and making it easier to control the rockburst time.

[0035] In this embodiment, the limiting mechanism includes an electric push rod 8 disposed inside the vertical support 2. The telescopic end of the electric push rod 8 presses against the force-applying plate 3 to prevent the force-applying plate 3 from moving.

[0036] The top pressure plate 4 is set on the top of the rock sample. In this embodiment, the top pressure plate 4 is set in two sets and arranged in a cross manner. Each set of top pressure plates 4 is set in relation to two vertical supports 2 arranged opposite each other. The top pressure plate 4 has mounting holes 401 at both ends that cooperate with the vertical supports 2. The vertical supports 2 are provided with a number of screw holes 201. In this embodiment, the screw holes 201 are distributed in five rows and two columns.

[0037] The limiting screw 5 is installed in the screw hole 201 to limit the top pressure plate 4. The inner side of the vertical bracket 2 is provided with a reaction box mechanism corresponding to the force plate 3.

[0038] Pressure sensors are provided on the inner wall of the force-applying plate 3 and the bottom of the top pressure plate 4. The purpose of these sensors is to allow us to see the stress on each surface, which will facilitate the analysis of the simulated rockburst data later.

[0039] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the reaction box mechanism includes a sleeve 6 disposed inside the vertical support 2. One end of the sleeve 6 is connected to the vertical support 2. A force-applying column 7 is slidably installed inside the sleeve 6 and can move along the sleeve 6. One end of the force-applying column 7 is connected to the force-applying plate 3. The sleeve 6 is provided with a feeding port 601, through which the expanding agent is added into the sleeve 6 and disposed at the end of the force-applying column 7.

[0040] Furthermore, the feeding port 601 is provided with a sealing plate 602, and the feeding port 601 is provided with pull-out grooves 603 on both sides. The pull-out grooves 603 are arranged along the feeding port 601 and are set on the outer wall of the sleeve 6. The two ends of the sealing plate 602 are inserted into the pull-out grooves 603. By pulling the sealing plate 602 along the pull-out grooves 603, the feeding port 601 can be closed or opened.

[0041] Preferably, the bottom of the force-applying plate 3 is provided with a pulley 302, and the base 1 is provided with a slide rail 102 that cooperates with the pulley 302. The slide rail 102 is provided on both sides of the slide groove 101. By providing the pulley 302 and the slide rail 102 that cooperates with it, the moving friction of the force-applying plate 3 can be reduced.

[0042] Preferred, such as Figures 5-6 As shown, the force-applying plate 3 has several limiting protrusions 303 on both sides, and limiting grooves 304 are formed between the limiting protrusions 303. The limiting protrusions 303 and limiting grooves 304 between adjacent force-applying plates 3 engage with each other.

[0043] The interlocking between the limiting protrusion 303 and the limiting groove 304 can prevent the force plate 3 from tilting or deforming during a rockburst because the limiting mechanism has not yet contacted the limit. This ensures that the force plate 3 can move in a vertical state during a rockburst.

[0044] Specifically, the rockburst simulation method of this simulated rockburst device includes the following steps:

[0045] Step 1: After the apparatus is set up, rock samples are prepared using bentonite, gypsum powder, borax solution, quartz sand, an expanding agent, and barite powder. Mica flakes and low-intensity optical fibers are added during sample preparation. The original rock sample is used as a comparison. The mass percentage ratio of quartz sand:barite powder:gypsum:bentonite is 4:4:1:1. The expanding agent accounts for 5%–15% of the total mass, borax solution accounts for 22%, and mica flakes and low-intensity optical fibers are 0.5% and 2%–5%, respectively. The expanding agent provides initial stress to the rock sample, increasing the likelihood of rockburst.

[0046] The prepared rock sample is placed in the box assembled by the force plate 3. A sand pad is laid on top of the rock sample to ensure that the rock sample is subjected to uniform force. The top pressure plate 4 is installed to press the rock sample. The pressure is observed by the pressure sensor to ensure that the pressure reaches the required value.

[0047] Step 2: Move the force-applying column 7 so that the force-applying plate 3 is tightly attached to the rock sample, and add the expansion agent through the feeding port 601. In practice, the expansion agent can be wrapped in non-woven fabric and then placed inside the sleeve 6. The non-woven fabric should not be wrapped tightly so as not to affect the deformation of the expansion agent.

[0048] Step 3: Add water to the expanding agent through the feeding port 601 to make it expand and react. Then, the sealing plate 602 seals the feeding port 601 so that the expanding agent can only deform along the sleeve 6. The expanding agent generates a pushing force on the force-applying column 7. The force-applying column 7 pushes the force-applying plate 3. The force-applying plate 3 moves along the slide 101 towards the rock sample and squeezes the rock sample.

[0049] Step 4: After the expansion agent reaction is complete, activate the limiting mechanism. The electric push rod 8 extends, pressing against the force application plate 3 and limiting its movement to prevent it from moving in the opposite direction. Then, remove the reacted expansion agent from the sleeve 6. At this point, the reaction products of the expansion agent will not interfere with the movement of the force application column 7. After the experimenters have left, the electric push rod 8 retracts, releasing the limitation on the force application plate 3, and a rockburst occurs.

[0050] Use the same method to add other rock samples to induce rockburst, take the rock samples after the explosion, and analyze the degree of explosion based on their deformation results.

[0051] Example 2: Different from Example 1, such as Figure 7As shown, the limiting mechanism includes a lifting plate 9 disposed in the slide groove 101. The top of the lifting plate 9 is provided with a plurality of clamping grooves 901, which are distributed along the length of the lifting plate 9. The lifting plate 9 is disposed below the sliding protrusion 301. The lifting plate 9 is driven to move up and down by a driving mechanism. The driving mechanism includes a linear stepper motor 10 disposed on the lower side of the lifting plate 9. The linear stepper motor 10 is a miniature linear stepper motor 10. The screw of the linear stepper motor 10 drives the lifting plate 9 to move up and down.

[0052] The linear stepper motor 10 lifts the lifting plate 9 upward, causing the top clamping groove 901 to be locked at the bottom of the sliding protrusion 301, thus limiting the sliding protrusion 301. This can limit the force application plate 3 after the expansion agent is removed, preventing it from moving in the opposite direction along the slide groove 101, thereby controlling the rockburst time.

[0053] Pressure sensors are installed on the inner wall of the force-applying plate 3 and the bottom of the top pressure plate 4. A screw 11 is installed on the top pressure plate 4, and a compression spring 12 is installed at the lower end of the screw 11. The pressure sensor is located at the lower end of the compression spring 12. By setting the compression spring 12, the pressure on the rock sample can be finely adjusted during testing by rotating the screw 11 to press down the compression spring 12, which is more convenient, accurate, and cost-effective.

[0054] Specifically, the rockburst simulation method of this simulated rockburst device includes the following steps:

[0055] Step 1: After the apparatus is set up, rock samples are prepared using bentonite, gypsum powder, borax solution, quartz sand, an expanding agent, and barite powder. Mica flakes and low-intensity optical fibers are added during sample preparation. The original rock sample is used as a comparison. The mass percentage ratio of quartz sand:barite powder:gypsum:bentonite is 4:4:1:1. The expanding agent accounts for 5%–15% of the total mass, borax solution accounts for 22%, and mica flakes and low-intensity optical fibers are 0.5% and 2%–5%, respectively. The expanding agent provides initial stress to the rock sample, increasing the likelihood of rockburst.

[0056] The prepared rock sample is placed in the box assembled by the force plate 3. A sand pad is laid on top of the rock sample to ensure that the rock sample is subjected to uniform force. The top pressure plate 4 is installed to press the rock sample. The screw 11 is rotated to press down the compression spring 12 so that the pressure reaches the required value.

[0057] Step 2: Move the force-applying column 7 so that the force-applying plate 3 is tightly attached to the rock sample, and add the expansion agent through the feeding port 601. In practice, the expansion agent can be wrapped in non-woven fabric and then placed inside the sleeve 6. The non-woven fabric should not be wrapped tightly so as not to affect the deformation of the expansion agent.

[0058] Step 3: Add water to the expanding agent through the feeding port 601 to make it expand and react. Then, the sealing plate 602 seals the feeding port 601 so that the expanding agent can only deform along the sleeve 6. The expanding agent generates a pushing force on the force-applying column 7. The force-applying column 7 pushes the force-applying plate 3. The force-applying plate 3 moves along the slide 101 towards the rock sample and squeezes the rock sample.

[0059] Step 4: After the expansion agent reaction is complete, the limiting mechanism is activated. The linear stepper motor 10 starts, and the screw of the linear stepper motor 10 pushes the lifting plate 9 upward. The clamping groove 901 limits the sliding protrusion 301, and the force plate 3 cannot move.

[0060] Then the expanded agent after the reaction is taken out of the sleeve 6. At this time, the product of the expanded agent reaction will not interfere with the movement of the force application column 7. After the experimental personnel leave, the linear stepper motor 10 rotates in the opposite direction, the lifting plate 9 falls, the limit on the force application plate 3 is released, and a rock burst occurs.

[0061] Use the same method to add other rock samples to induce rockburst, take the rock samples after the explosion, and analyze the degree of explosion based on their deformation results.

Claims

1. A device for simulating rockburst, characterized in that, The reaction frame includes a base (1), and vertical supports (2) are provided on all four sides of the base (1). The base (1) has two sets of vertically arranged sliding grooves (101). The bottom of the force plate (3) has a sliding protrusion (301) that cooperates with the sliding groove (101). The force plate (3) is set into four sets. The four sets of force plates (3) form a box that is connected at the top and bottom. The rock sample is placed in the box. The reaction frame is provided with a limiting mechanism to limit the force plate (3). The top pressure plate (4) is set on the top of the rock sample. The top pressure plate (4) has mounting holes (401) at both ends that cooperate with the vertical supports (2). The vertical supports (2) have several screw holes (201). The limiting screws (5) are installed in the screw holes (201) to limit the top pressure plate (4). The inner side of the vertical supports (2) is provided with a reaction box mechanism that corresponds to the force plate (3). The reaction box mechanism includes a sleeve (6) set inside the vertical support (2), a force-applying column (7) slidably installed inside the sleeve (6), one end of the force-applying column (7) is connected to the force-applying plate (3), and a feeding port (601) is provided on the sleeve (6). The expansion agent is added into the sleeve (6) through the feeding port (601) and set at the end of the force-applying column (7). By setting a limiting mechanism, the force plate (3) is limited before the rock burst, the reacted expansion agent in the sleeve (6) is taken out, the limiting mechanism releases the limiting of the force plate (3), and the rock burst occurs.

2. The device for simulating rockburst according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the force-applying plate (3) is provided with a pulley (302), and the base (1) is provided with a slide (102) that cooperates with the pulley (302).

3. The device for simulating rockburst according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feeding port (601) is provided with a sealing plate (602), and the feeding port (601) is provided with pull grooves (603) on both sides. The two ends of the sealing plate (602) are inserted into the pull grooves (603).

4. The device for simulating rockburst according to claim 1, characterized in that, The force-applying plate (3) has several limiting protrusions (303) on both sides, and a limiting groove (304) is formed between the limiting protrusions (303). The limiting protrusions (303) and the limiting groove (304) between adjacent force-applying plates (3) engage with each other.

5. The device for simulating rockburst according to claim 1, characterized in that, The limiting mechanism includes an electric push rod (8) installed inside the vertical support (2), and the telescopic end of the electric push rod (8) presses against the force plate (3).

6. The device for simulating rockburst according to claim 1, characterized in that, The limiting mechanism includes a lifting plate (9) set in a slide groove (101). The top of the lifting plate (9) is provided with several clamping grooves (901). The lifting plate (9) is driven to move up and down by a driving mechanism. The driving mechanism includes a linear stepper motor (10) set on the lower side of the lifting plate (9). The screw of the linear stepper motor (10) drives the lifting plate (9) to move up and down.

7. The device for simulating rockburst according to claim 1, characterized in that, The force-applying plate (3) is a transparent plate.

8. The device for simulating rockburst according to claim 1, characterized in that, Pressure sensors are provided on the inner wall of the force plate (3) and the bottom of the top pressure plate (4). A screw (11) is provided on the top pressure plate (4), and a compression spring (12) is provided at the lower end of the screw (11). The pressure sensor is located at the lower end of the compression spring (12).

9. The rockburst simulation method of the apparatus for simulating rockbursts according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Rock sample preparation. Place the prepared rock sample in the box assembled by the force plate (3), and install the top pressure plate (4) to press the rock sample. Step 2: Move the force-applying column (7) so that the force-applying plate (3) is in close contact with the rock sample, and add the expansion agent from the feed port (601); Step 3: Add water to the expanding agent through the feeding port (601) to make it expand and react, which will generate a driving force on the force column (7). The force column (7) pushes the force plate (3) to move towards the rock sample and squeezes the rock sample. Step 4: After the reaction is completed, the limiting mechanism is activated to limit the force plate (3). Then, the reacted expansion agent in the sleeve (6) is taken out, the limiting mechanism releases the limit on the force plate (3), and a rock burst occurs.

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