A pupilometry system and method

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of pupil measurement system and method.The multifunctional pupil measurement system at least includes control unit, image acquisition unit and display unit.Control unit generates measurement instruction and sends to image acquisition unit.Image acquisition unit applies light stimulus to pupil and continuously acquires pupil image sent to control unit.Control unit measures the size and light response speed of pupil by data processing to pupil image.The present application obtains the actual size of the pupil of the person to be measured by pupil image, then measures the size and light response speed of pupil by data processing to pupil image by control unit, thereby eliminating the error caused by subjective judgment of measurer.In the process of measuring the light response speed of pupil, the light stimulus applied to the pupil of the person to be measured is derived from the same light source, thereby eliminating the error caused by non-uniform light source during measurement in the existing measurement process, avoiding missing disease observation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical device technology, and in particular to a pupil measurement system and method. Background Technology

[0002] Measuring pupil size to assess a patient's vital signs and health is increasingly becoming an important clinical diagnostic method. Pupil changes are a crucial indicator in clinical observation, aiding in the assessment of conditions such as coma, seizures, shock, and poisoning. Especially for patients with intracranial lesions, it can help determine the location of the lesion. Dynamic, timely, and effective observation of pupil changes can not only detect early signs of disease and seize the optimal treatment opportunity but also prevent complications; therefore, objective recording of pupil size is necessary. Clinically, this is usually done by shining a flashlight on the eyeball and then visually estimating the pupil size, which is then determined by the medical staff's subjective judgment. This method of pupil observation relies heavily on the subjective judgment of medical personnel, lacking quantitative indicators, and inexperienced medical staff may be unable to make accurate judgments.

[0003] Chinese patent CN109793494A discloses a pupillary pen for easy pupillary observation and measurement. It includes a first pen body, a second pen body movably mounted on the upper end of the first pen body, lithium batteries movably mounted on one side of the interior of both the first and second pen bodies, and a mounting head movably mounted on the top of the second pen body. Grooves are formed on the other side of the exterior of both the first and second pen bodies, and a slide rail is formed on one side of the groove on the exterior of the first pen body. The patent's technical solution involves a slider movably mounted on one side of the groove on the exterior of the first pen body via the slide rail. A telescopic rod is movably mounted on the side of the slider away from the slide rail via a hinge, and a contrast mirror is movably mounted on the end of the telescopic rod away from the hinge via a contrast head. This facilitates pupillary comparison using the contrast mirror. However, this patent's technical solution essentially only provides a measurement reference tool. Measuring pupil size still requires subjective judgment by medical personnel. Subjective factors or operational errors by medical personnel can easily lead to inaccurate readings, failing to provide accurate treatment references for clinical practice.

[0004] This invention provides a pupil measurement system and method for measuring pupil size and assessing pupil responsiveness.

[0005] Furthermore, on the one hand, there are differences in understanding among those skilled in the art; on the other hand, the applicant studied a large number of documents and patents when making this invention, but due to space limitations, not all details and contents were listed in detail. However, this does not mean that the present invention does not possess the features of these prior art. On the contrary, the present invention already possesses all the features of the prior art, and the applicant reserves the right to add relevant prior art to the background art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] When patients experience brain herniation, increased intracranial pressure, impending death, or severe brain injury, their pupils are often dilated. Therefore, the size of the pupils can be used to assess the patient's condition. Current methods for determining pupil size primarily include subjective judgment and visual electrophysiological examination. Subjective judgment involves directly shining a pupillary light pen onto the pupil, with medical personnel determining the pupil size. This method is highly subjective and prone to error. Visual electrophysiological examination, including electrooculography (EOG), electroretinography (ERG), and visual evoked potentials (VEP), avoids errors caused by subjective factors. However, the direct contact of the testing electrodes with the eye can trigger excessive pupil constriction as a defensive mechanism, resulting in inaccurate data.

[0007] Therefore, the technical problem that this invention aims to solve is how to reduce the stimulation of the human eye by the detection device while ensuring the accuracy of pupil size measurement data.

[0008] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a pupil measurement system. The multifunctional pupil measurement system includes at least a control unit, an image acquisition unit, and a display unit. The control unit generates a measurement command and sends it to the image acquisition unit. In response to receiving the measurement command, the image acquisition unit applies light stimulation to the pupil and continuously acquires pupil images sent to the control unit. The control unit measures the pupil size and light reaction speed by processing the pupil images. Preferably, the continuously acquired pupil images include at least the pupil image before light stimulation and the pupil image showing the greatest change in pupil size after light stimulation. The control unit determines the amount of pupil size change and the time taken for the change based on the pupil images before and after light stimulation, thus determining the pupil's light reaction speed.

[0009] Preferably, this invention obtains the actual size of the subject's pupil through pupil images, and then uses the control unit to process the pupil images to measure the pupil size and light reaction speed, thereby eliminating errors caused by subjective judgment of the measuring personnel. Preferably, this invention compares the pupil image before light stimulation with the pupil image showing the greatest change in pupil size after light stimulation, and then determines the light reaction speed of the subject's pupil by combining the time interval between the two images. Furthermore, since the pupil images before and after light stimulation are obtained continuously by the same pupil measurement system, and the light stimulation applied to the subject's pupil during the measurement process is from the same light source, this eliminates errors caused by inconsistent light sources (some light sources are too bright, some are too dim) in existing measurement processes (especially manual measurements), avoiding missed observations of the patient's condition.

[0010] According to a preferred embodiment, the image acquisition unit includes at least a light source, a camera, and a lens assembly. The camera is coaxially disposed with respect to the light source, and the lens assembly is located between the light source and the camera. Preferably, the lens assembly is coaxially positioned relative to the camera and the light source. In response to receiving the measurement command, the light source of the image acquisition unit emits a light beam to the pupil of the subject, and the pupil reflects the light beam. The reflected light beam passes through the lens assembly and converges onto the camera, thereby allowing the camera to capture an image of the subject's pupil illuminated by the light beam.

[0011] Preferably, the light source is configured to emit a light beam onto the eyes of the person being tested. The light beam can be infrared light or visible light. The camera is configured to capture the light reflected from the eyes of the person being tested. The lens assembly is configured to focus the light reflected from the eyes of the person being tested onto the camera.

[0012] Preferably, the present invention emits a light beam onto the eyes of the subject through the light source, and then uses the camera to capture the light reflected from the subject's eyes to obtain an image of the subject's pupil. During the acquisition of the pupil image, no detection electrode directly contacts the eye, especially no detection electrode directly contacts the eyeball, thereby avoiding excessive pupil constriction due to the body's self-defense mechanism during pupil measurement and ensuring the accuracy of the measurement data.

[0013] According to a preferred embodiment, the control unit includes at least a processing module and a storage module.

[0014] The processing module is connected to the storage module, the image acquisition unit, and the display unit via communication data. The image acquisition unit sends the acquired pupil image to the processing module.

[0015] In response to receiving the pupil image, the processing module sequentially performs grayscale conversion, binarization processing, edge detection and edge arc fitting on the pupil image, and then performs proportional conversion on the obtained measurement data according to the pixel / true ratio value to obtain the measurement result, and sends the measurement result to the display unit for display.

[0016] The storage module is used to store the pupil image and the measurement results. The processing module can retrieve the pupil image and / or the measurement results from the storage module and send them to the display unit for display.

[0017] Preferably, the display unit includes at least a display screen. Preferably, the present invention can display measurement results and pupil images acquired by the image acquisition unit on the display screen.

[0018] Preferably, since the storage module can store the pupil image and the measurement results, when pupil data is needed for diagnosis, medical personnel can generate a query command through the control unit and send it to the storage module. In response to the received query command, the storage module retrieves the pupil image and / or the measurement results corresponding to the relevant pupil data and sends them to the display unit for display, thereby avoiding the need for medical personnel to repeatedly perform pupil measurements during diagnosis.

[0019] Preferably, since the storage module can store the pupil images and the measurement results, medical personnel can analyze changes in the patient's condition by querying historical pupil images and measurement results and comparing historical pupil data with current pupil images and historical measurement results during diagnosis.

[0020] According to a preferred embodiment, the processing module is also capable of classifying the pupil size and the light response speed. Preferably, the processing module generates a corresponding prompt instruction based on the classification result and sends the prompt instruction to the display unit.

[0021] Preferably, the processing module classifies the pupil size by comparing the measured pupil size with a preset pupil size threshold. Preferably, the preset pupil size threshold may include a first pupil size threshold and a second pupil size threshold greater than the first pupil size threshold. Preferably, the first and second pupil size thresholds divide the pupil size into three levels: a small level (pupil size less than the first pupil size threshold); a medium level (pupil size greater than the first pupil size threshold and less than the second pupil size threshold); and a large level (pupil size greater than the second pupil size threshold).

[0022] Preferably, the processing module classifies the pupillary light reaction speed by comparing the measured pupillary light reaction speed with a preset pupillary light reaction speed threshold. Preferably, the preset pupillary light reaction speed threshold may include a first pupillary light reaction speed threshold and a second pupillary light reaction speed threshold greater than the first pupillary light reaction speed threshold. Preferably, the first and second pupillary light reaction speed thresholds divide the pupillary light reaction speed into three levels: a slow level (pupil light reaction speed less than the first pupillary light reaction speed threshold); a medium level (pupil light reaction speed greater than the first pupillary light reaction speed threshold and less than the second pupillary light reaction speed threshold); and a fast level (pupil light reaction speed greater than the second pupillary light reaction speed threshold).

[0023] Preferably, the display unit further includes indicator lights. Preferably, the indicator lights may include three colors: red, green, and blue. Preferably, a green indicator light represents a small pupil size or a slow pupillary light reflex speed. Preferably, a blue indicator light represents a medium pupil size or a medium pupillary light reflex speed. Preferably, a red indicator light represents a large pupil size or a fast pupillary light reflex speed.

[0024] According to a preferred embodiment, the processing module performs binarization processing on the grayscale-converted pupil image through image segmentation to obtain a binarized pupil image. Preferably, the processing module selects the grayscale value corresponding to the minimum frequency value between the two peaks in the image grayscale histogram as the grayscale threshold for segmentation to generate the binarized pupil image. Preferably, the processing module designates pixels with grayscale values ​​less than the segmentation threshold as pupil pixels, and vice versa as background pixels, and performs binarization segmentation of the pupil image and the background image based on the pupil pixels and background pixels.

[0025] According to a preferred embodiment, the processing module obtains the edge pixels of the pupil binarized image through an edge detection function; the processing module outputs the radius value of the best arc fitting by inputting the edge pixel image through an arc fitting function.

[0026] According to a preferred embodiment, the processing module obtains the image pixel information of the reference object captured by the camera at the measurement position and the actual size information of the reference object, and calculates the ratio of the pixel width to the actual width of the reference object as the pixel / actual ratio value.

[0027] The present invention also provides a pupil measurement method. The pupil measurement method includes at least:

[0028] Light stimulation is applied to the pupil, and images of the pupil are continuously acquired;

[0029] The pupil size and light response speed are measured based on the pupil image;

[0030] Among them, the continuously acquired pupil images include at least the pupil image before the pupil is stimulated by light and the pupil image with the greatest change in pupil size after the pupil is stimulated by light;

[0031] Based on the pupil images before and after the pupil is stimulated by light, the change in pupil size and the time taken for the change are determined to determine the light response speed of the pupil.

[0032] According to a preferred embodiment, the pupil measurement method further includes:

[0033] The pupil image is sequentially subjected to grayscale conversion, binarization, edge detection, and edge arc fitting. The obtained measurement data is then proportionally converted according to the pixel / true ratio to obtain the measurement result, which is then visualized.

[0034] Specifically, the pupil image after grayscale conversion is binarized by image segmentation to obtain a binarized pupil image.

[0035] Preferably, the image segmentation adopts the histogram bimodal method, and the gray value corresponding to the minimum frequency value between the two peaks is selected as the segmentation gray value threshold to generate a binarized image of the pupil.

[0036] Preferably, the method for generating a binarized image of the pupil involves taking pixels with gray values ​​less than a segmentation gray value threshold as pupil pixels and vice versa as background pixels, and performing binarized segmentation of the pupil image and the background image based on the pupil pixels and the background pixels.

[0037] This invention also provides a multifunctional pupil observation pen. The multifunctional pupil observation pen is equipped with the pupil measurement system provided by this invention. Preferably, the multifunctional pupil observation pen has a needle on its body for performing pinprick detection. Preferably, the multifunctional pupil observation pen, while meeting the writing and pupil measurement needs of medical personnel, can also serve as a pinprick detection tool to meet routine pinprick detection needs. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Figure 1 This is a simplified module connection diagram of a pupil measurement system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 This is a simplified schematic diagram of an image acquisition unit according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 This is a topology diagram of a pupil measurement system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 4 This is a simplified schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the multifunctional pupil observation pen provided by the present invention;

[0042] Figure 5 This is a simplified schematic diagram of the module connection relationship of a multifunctional pupil observation pen according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] List of reference numerals

[0044] 100: Pupil measurement system; 110: Control unit; 111: Processing module; 112: Storage module; 120: Image acquisition unit; 121: Light source; 122: Camera; 123: Lens assembly; 130: Display unit; 131: Display screen; 132: Indicator light; 200: Multifunctional pupil observation pen; 210: Pen body; 220: Needle; 230: Detection head; 231: Control button; 232: Processing chip assembly; 240: Pen tip. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figures 1 to 5 Please provide a detailed explanation.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] This embodiment provides a pupil measurement system 100. See also... Figure 1 Preferably, the multifunctional pupil measurement system 100 may include a control unit 110, an image acquisition unit 120, and a display unit 130. The image acquisition unit 120 may include a light source 121, a camera 122, and a lens assembly 123. The control unit 110 may include a processing module 111 and a storage module 112. The display unit 130 may include a display screen 131 and indicator lights 132.

[0048] Control unit 110 generates a measurement command and sends it to image acquisition unit 120. In response to receiving the measurement command, image acquisition unit 120 applies light stimulation to the pupil and continuously acquires pupil images sent to control unit 110. Control unit 110 measures pupil size and light reaction speed by processing the pupil images. Preferably, the continuously acquired pupil images by image acquisition unit 120 may include pupil images before light stimulation and pupil images showing the largest change in pupil size after light stimulation. Control unit 110 determines the amount of pupil size change and the time taken for the change based on the pupil images before and after light stimulation to determine the pupil's light reaction speed.

[0049] Preferably, this invention obtains the actual size of the subject's pupil through pupil images, and then uses the control unit 110 to process the pupil images to measure the pupil size and light reaction speed, thereby eliminating errors caused by subjective judgment of the measuring personnel. Preferably, this invention compares the pupil image before the subject's pupil is stimulated with the pupil image after the pupil size changes most after the stimulation, and then determines the light reaction speed of the subject's pupil by combining the time interval between the two images. Furthermore, since the pupil images before and after the stimulation are obtained continuously by the same pupil measurement system, and the light stimulation applied to the subject's pupil during the measurement process is obtained from the same light source, this eliminates errors caused by inconsistent light sources (some light sources are too bright, some are too dim) in existing measurement processes (especially in manual measurements), and avoids missing any observations of the condition.

[0050] See Figure 2 Preferably, the camera 122 is coaxially arranged with the light source 121, and the lens assembly 123 is located between the light source 121 and the camera 122. Preferably, the lens assembly 123 is coaxially positioned relative to the camera 122 and the light source 121. In response to receiving a measurement command, the light source 121 of the image acquisition unit 120 emits a light beam to the pupil of the subject, and the pupil of the subject reflects the light beam. The reflected light beam passes through the lens assembly 123 and converges on the camera 122, thereby allowing the camera 122 to capture an image of the pupil of the subject illuminated by the light beam.

[0051] Preferably, the light source 121 is configured to emit a light beam onto the eyes of the person being tested. The light beam can be infrared light or visible light. The camera 122 is configured to capture the light reflected from the eyes of the person being tested. The lens assembly 123 is configured to focus the light reflected from the eyes of the person being tested onto the camera 122.

[0052] Preferably, the present invention uses a light source 121 to emit a light beam onto the eyes of the person being tested, and then uses a camera 122 to capture the light reflected from the eyes of the person being tested to obtain an image of the pupil. During the process of acquiring the pupil image, no detection electrode directly contacts the eye, especially no detection electrode directly contacts the eyeball, thereby avoiding excessive pupil constriction due to the body's self-defense mechanism during pupil measurement and ensuring the accuracy of the measurement data.

[0053] Preferably, the processing module 111 is connected to the storage module 112, the image acquisition unit 120, and the display unit 130 via communication data. The image acquisition unit 120 sends the acquired pupil image to the processing module 111.

[0054] In response to the receipt of the pupil image, the processing module 111 sequentially performs grayscale conversion, binarization processing, edge detection and edge arc fitting on the pupil image, and then performs proportional conversion on the obtained measurement data according to the pixel / true ratio value to obtain the measurement result, and sends the measurement result to the display unit 130 for display.

[0055] The storage module 112 is used to store pupil images and measurement results. The processing module 111 can retrieve pupil images and / or measurement results from the storage module 112 and send them to the display unit 130 for display.

[0056] Preferably, the display unit 130 may include a display screen 131. Preferably, the present invention can display measurement results and pupil images acquired by the image acquisition unit 120 through the display screen 131.

[0057] Preferably, since the storage module 112 can store pupil images and measurement results, when pupil data is needed for diagnosis, medical personnel can generate a query command through the control unit 110 and send it to the storage module 112. In response to the receipt of the query command, the storage module 112 retrieves the pupil image and / or measurement results corresponding to the corresponding pupil data and sends them to the display unit 130 for display, thereby avoiding medical personnel from repeatedly performing pupil measurements during diagnosis.

[0058] Preferably, since the storage module 112 can store pupil images and measurement results, medical personnel can analyze changes in the patient's condition by querying historical pupil images and measurement results and comparing historical pupil data with current pupil images and historical measurement results during diagnosis.

[0059] Preferably, the processing module 111 can also classify the pupil size and light response speed. Preferably, the processing module 111 generates a corresponding prompt instruction based on the classification result and sends the prompt instruction to the display unit 130.

[0060] Preferably, the processing module 111 classifies the pupil size by comparing the measured pupil size with a preset pupil size threshold. Preferably, the preset pupil size threshold may include a first pupil size threshold and a second pupil size threshold greater than the first pupil size threshold. Preferably, the first and second pupil size thresholds divide the pupil size into three levels: a small level (pupil size less than the first pupil size threshold); a medium level (pupil size greater than the first pupil size threshold and less than the second pupil size threshold); and a large level (pupil size greater than the second pupil size threshold).

[0061] Preferably, the processing module 111 classifies the pupillary light reaction speed by comparing the measured pupillary light reaction speed with a preset pupillary light reaction speed threshold. Preferably, the preset pupillary light reaction speed threshold may include a first pupillary light reaction speed threshold and a second pupillary light reaction speed threshold greater than the first pupillary light reaction speed threshold. Preferably, the first and second pupillary light reaction speed thresholds divide the pupillary light reaction speed into three levels: a slow level (pupil light reaction speed less than the first pupillary light reaction speed threshold); a medium level (pupil light reaction speed greater than the first pupillary light reaction speed threshold and less than the second pupillary light reaction speed threshold); and a fast level (pupil light reaction speed greater than the second pupillary light reaction speed threshold).

[0062] Preferably, the display unit 130 further includes an indicator light 132. Preferably, the indicator light 132 may include three colors: red, green, and blue. Preferably, the green indicator light represents a small pupil size or a slow pupillary light response speed. Preferably, the blue indicator light represents a medium pupil size or a medium pupillary light response speed. Preferably, the red indicator light represents a large pupil size or a fast pupillary light response speed.

[0063] See Figure 3 Preferably, the control unit 110 generates a measurement command and sends it to the light source 121 and the camera 122. The light source 121 emits a light beam to the pupil of the person being tested, and the pupil reflects the light beam. The reflected light beam passes through the lens assembly 123 and converges onto the camera 122, thereby allowing the camera 122 to capture an image of the pupil of the person being tested under the illumination of the light beam. Preferably, the camera 122 starts continuously acquiring images of the pupil of the person being tested from the moment it receives the measurement command and transmits the acquired images to the processing module 111.

[0064] Preferably, the processing module 111 sequentially performs grayscale conversion, binarization processing, edge detection and edge arc fitting on the pupil image, and then performs proportional conversion on the obtained measurement data according to the pixel / true ratio value to obtain the measurement result, and sends the measurement result to the display screen 131 for display. At the same time, the processing module 111 classifies the measurement result and sends the classification result to the indicator light 132 for display.

[0065] Preferably, since the storage module 112 can store pupil images and measurement results, medical personnel can query historical pupil images and measurement results and compare historical pupil data with current pupil images and historical measurement results to analyze changes in the patient's condition. When medical personnel query historical pupil images and measurement results, the control unit 110 generates a query command and sends it to the storage module 112. In response to the receipt of the query command, the storage module 112 retrieves the pupil image and / or measurement results corresponding to the corresponding pupil data and sends them to the display unit 130 for display.

[0066] Preferably, the processing module 111 performs binarization processing on the grayscale-converted pupil image through image segmentation to obtain a binarized pupil image. Preferably, the processing module 111 selects the grayscale value corresponding to the minimum frequency value between the two peaks in the image grayscale histogram as the segmentation grayscale threshold to generate the binarized pupil image. Preferably, the processing module 111 uses pixels with grayscale values ​​less than the segmentation grayscale threshold as pupil pixels, and vice versa as background pixels, and performs binarization segmentation of the pupil image and the background image based on the pupil pixels and background pixels.

[0067] Preferably, the processing module 111 obtains the edge pixels of the pupil binarized image through an edge detection function; the processing module 111 outputs the radius value of the best arc fitting by inputting the edge pixel image through an arc fitting function.

[0068] Preferably, the processing module 111 obtains the image pixel information of the reference object captured by the camera 122 at the measurement position and the actual size information of the reference object, and calculates the ratio of the pixel width to the actual width of the reference object as the pixel / actual ratio value.

[0069] Example 2

[0070] This embodiment is a further improvement on embodiment 1, and repeated content will not be described again.

[0071] This embodiment provides a pupil measurement method. The pupil measurement method includes at least:

[0072] Light stimulation is applied to the pupil, and images of the pupil are continuously acquired;

[0073] Based on pupil images, measure pupil size and light response speed;

[0074] Among them, the continuously acquired pupil images include at least the pupil image before the pupil is stimulated by light and the pupil image with the greatest change in pupil size after the pupil is stimulated by light;

[0075] The pupillary light response speed is determined by analyzing pupil images before and after light stimulation to measure the change in pupil size and the time taken for this change.

[0076] Preferably, the pupil measurement method further includes:

[0077] The pupil image is sequentially subjected to grayscale conversion, binarization, edge detection, and edge arc fitting. The obtained measurement data is then proportionally converted based on the pixel / true ratio to obtain the measurement result, which is then visualized.

[0078] Specifically, the pupil image after grayscale conversion is binarized by image segmentation to obtain a binarized pupil image.

[0079] Preferably, the image segmentation adopts the histogram bimodal method, and the gray value corresponding to the minimum frequency value between the two peaks is selected as the segmentation gray value threshold to generate a binarized image of the pupil.

[0080] Preferably, the method for generating a binarized image of the pupil is to use pixels with gray values ​​less than the segmentation gray value threshold as pupil pixels, and vice versa as background pixels, and to perform binarization segmentation of the pupil image and the background image based on the pupil pixels and the background pixels.

[0081] Preferably, in this embodiment, the edge pixels of the pupil binarized image are obtained through an edge detection function; the processing module 111 outputs the radius value of the best arc fitting by inputting the edge pixel image through an arc fitting function.

[0082] Preferably, in this embodiment, the ratio of the pixel width to the actual width of the reference object is calculated as the pixel / actual ratio value by using the image pixel information of the reference object collected at the measurement location and the actual size information of the reference object.

[0083] Preferably, the pupil image in this embodiment is acquired by the image acquisition unit 120. Preferably, the image acquisition unit 120 may include a light source 121, a camera 122, and a lens assembly 123. See also Figure 2 Preferably, the camera 122 is coaxially arranged with the light source 121, and the lens assembly 123 is located between the light source 121 and the camera 122. Preferably, the lens assembly 123 is coaxially positioned relative to the camera 122 and the light source 121. In response to receiving a measurement command, the light source 121 of the image acquisition unit 120 emits a light beam to the pupil of the subject, and the pupil of the subject reflects the light beam. The reflected light beam passes through the lens assembly 123 and converges on the camera 122, thereby allowing the camera 122 to capture an image of the pupil of the subject illuminated by the light beam.

[0084] Preferably, the light source 121 is configured to emit a light beam onto the eyes of the person being tested. The light beam can be infrared light or visible light. The camera 122 is configured to capture the light reflected from the eyes of the person being tested. The lens assembly 123 is configured to focus the light reflected from the eyes of the person being tested onto the camera 122.

[0085] Preferably, the present invention uses a light source 121 to emit a light beam onto the eyes of the person being tested, and then uses a camera 122 to capture the light reflected from the eyes of the person being tested to obtain an image of the pupil. During the process of acquiring the pupil image, no detection electrode directly contacts the eye, especially no detection electrode directly contacts the eyeball, thereby avoiding excessive pupil constriction due to the body's self-defense mechanism during pupil measurement and ensuring the accuracy of the measurement data.

[0086] Preferably, this embodiment can store pupil images and measurement results. During diagnosis, medical personnel can query historical pupil images and measurement results and compare historical pupil data with current pupil images and historical measurement results to analyze changes in the patient's condition.

[0087] Preferably, this embodiment can also classify the size of the pupil and the light response speed.

[0088] Preferably, this embodiment classifies pupil size by comparing the measured pupil size with a preset pupil size threshold. Preferably, the preset pupil size threshold may include a first pupil size threshold and a second pupil size threshold greater than the first pupil size threshold. Preferably, the first and second pupil size thresholds divide pupil size into three levels: a small level (pupil size less than the first pupil size threshold); a medium level (pupil size greater than the first pupil size threshold and less than the second pupil size threshold); and a large level (pupil size greater than the second pupil size threshold).

[0089] Preferably, this embodiment classifies the pupillary light reaction speed by comparing the measured pupillary light reaction speed with a preset pupillary light reaction speed threshold. Preferably, the preset pupillary light reaction speed threshold may include a first pupillary light reaction speed threshold and a second pupillary light reaction speed threshold greater than the first pupillary light reaction speed threshold. Preferably, the first and second pupillary light reaction speed thresholds divide the pupillary light reaction speed into three levels: a slow level (pupil light reaction speed less than the first pupillary light reaction speed threshold); a medium level (pupil light reaction speed greater than the first pupillary light reaction speed threshold and less than the second pupillary light reaction speed threshold); and a fast level (pupil light reaction speed greater than the second pupillary light reaction speed threshold).

[0090] Preferably, in this embodiment, indicator lights 132 of three colors—red, green, and blue—represent the grading results of pupil size and / or pupillary light response speed. Preferably, a green indicator light represents a small pupil size or a slow pupillary light response speed. Preferably, a blue indicator light represents a medium pupil size or a medium pupillary light response speed. Preferably, a red indicator light represents a large pupil size or a fast pupillary light response speed.

[0091] Example 3

[0092] This embodiment is a further improvement on Embodiments 1 and 2, and the repeated content will not be described again.

[0093] This embodiment provides a multifunctional pupillary observation pen 200. The multifunctional pupillary observation pen 200 is equipped with the pupillary measurement system 100 provided by this invention. Preferably, the multifunctional pupillary observation pen 200 has a needle 220 for performing pinprick detection on its pen body 210. Preferably, the multifunctional pupillary observation pen 200, while meeting the writing and pupillary measurement needs of medical personnel, can also serve as a pinprick detection tool to meet routine pinprick detection needs.

[0094] See Figure 4 Preferably, the multifunctional pupillary observation pen 200 includes at least a pen body 210. One end of the pen body 210 is connected to a pen tip 240, and the other end is connected to a detection head 230. Preferably, the surface of the detection head 230 is provided with a display screen 131, an indicator light 132, and a control button 231. Preferably, the display screen 131, the indicator light 132, and the control button 231 are located on the same side surface of the detection head 230. Preferably, a needle 220 for performing pinprick detection is provided in the middle of the pen body 210. Preferably, one end of the needle 220 is connected to the pen body 210 in a manner that allows it to rotate around a connection point.

[0095] Preferably, the medical personnel rotate the needle 220 to a position perpendicular to the pen body 210, and then use the pen body 210 as a handle to bring the free end of the needle 220 into contact with the patient, thereby performing acupuncture sensation examination.

[0096] Preferably, the medical personnel rotate the needle 220 to align it with the pen body 210, so that the pen body 210 and the needle 220 can be held and used as a pen for writing.

[0097] See Figure 5 Preferably, the pupil measurement system 100 in Embodiment 1 is mounted on the detection head 230. Preferably, the detection head 230 is provided with a processing chip assembly 232, which serves as the control unit 110 of the pupil measurement system 100. Preferably, the control unit 110 includes a processing module 111 and a storage module 112. Preferably, the processing chip assembly 232 is electrically connected to the light source 121, the camera 122, the display screen 131, the indicator light 132, and the control button 231. Preferably, medical personnel can use the control button 231 to enable the detection head 230 to measure pupil size or pupillary light reaction speed.

[0098] Preferably, the control unit 110 generates a measurement command and sends it to the light source 121 and the camera 122. The light source 121 emits a light beam to the pupil of the person being measured, and the pupil reflects the light beam. The reflected light beam passes through the lens assembly 123 and converges onto the camera 122, thereby allowing the camera 122 to capture an image of the pupil of the person being measured under the illumination of the light beam. Preferably, the camera 122 begins to continuously acquire images of the pupil of the person being measured from the moment it receives the measurement command.

[0099] Preferably, the processing module 111 sequentially performs grayscale conversion, binarization processing, edge detection and edge arc fitting on the pupil image, and then performs proportional conversion on the obtained measurement data according to the pixel / true ratio value to obtain the measurement result, and sends the measurement result to the display screen 131 for display. At the same time, the processing module 111 classifies the measurement result and sends the classification result to the indicator light 132 for display.

[0100] According to a preferred embodiment, the light source and camera are configured in a structural and / or system control design that is independent of each other relative to the left and right eyes and capable of differentially applying light stimulation to the corresponding monocular object. To achieve this, the device can be configured as at least two independent entities, or at least the light source, camera, and corresponding light-blocking parts are designed independently of each other in a manner relative to both eyes. Essentially, two dark chambers can be divided for each eye, each chamber consisting of a light-blocking part. The light-blocking part can be made of opaque materials, such as using plastic and rubber components to enclose a cavity. Because the chosen materials are opaque, a substantially light-free environment is created within the cavity, which helps maintain pupil dilation. The rubber components are used to contact the patient's periocular skin to reduce friction and provide cushioning. At least two sets of light sources and cameras are configured in the two dark chambers, and both can be controlled independently to act on the patient's eyes. When examining the pupils, it is often necessary to dilate the patient's pupils to their maximum extent before proceeding with subsequent light-related examinations. Common methods of pupil dilation include pharmacological methods, which use special agents to induce pupil dilation, and natural dilation methods, which minimize or eliminate light in the patient's visual field, allowing the pupils to dilate naturally to their maximum size. Regardless of the method, after pupil dilation, the environment should be kept as dark as possible, or even completely dark, to prevent unintended pupil constriction due to ambient light. Therefore, the darkroom in this protocol helps to create this dark environment.

[0101] In some pupil examinations, it's necessary to measure the pupil's response to light stimulation, specifically its constriction. Based on ophthalmological knowledge, light stimulates the pupil, causing it to constrict. Generally, there's a direct correlation between light intensity and the degree of pupil constriction. Therefore, measuring the pupil's reaction time and degree of constriction, and further, the change in pupillary contraction in response to changes in light intensity, is a common ophthalmological examination. It can reflect, to some extent, the physiological state and disease status of the patient's pupil and eye. Traditional pupil examinations are manual, where a doctor holds a pupil examination device and shines it into the eye, then visually observes the pupillary constriction. However, this method is only suitable for relatively simple examinations and is not applicable to deeper or more complex tests. Existing technologies have proposed using visual recognition or image recognition methods, leveraging the powerful capabilities of computers and image acquisition devices to assist doctors in determining the degree of pupil constriction in a patient's image. This can generally be accurate to the millimeter level of pupil diameter variation. However, as mentioned above, the human eye only constricts when stimulated by light. This means that when the pupil constricts, there is light in the environment, specifically visible light. To prevent unexpected pupil constriction caused by light emitted by the image acquisition device to capture an image, the device often relies solely on the reflection of the visible light that stimulates the pupil to form an image. This requires that at least the lens of the image acquisition device be aligned with the light source emitting the stimulating light and the pupil of the human eye. However, due to the structure of the human eye's lens, the reflected light causes significant glare in the image acquired by the device, resulting in unclear image acquisition, difficulties in image processing, and challenges in obtaining accurate background images of the pupil. Existing technologies may employ special algorithms or physically add reflective filtering structures to mitigate anti-glare effects. However, this undoubtedly increases the manufacturing cost of the equipment and / or the development cost of the software algorithms. Furthermore, reducing image defects or unclear images caused by reflections through algorithms is quite difficult, especially considering the minute scale of pupil size and the instantaneous time scale of pupil contraction. It also places high demands on the processor's computing power. Additionally, due to the "computational photography" method, the accuracy of the acquired detection results is questionable. Based on medical examination requirements, the light irradiation on the human eye during pupil examination must not cause significant changes in pupil size. For example, abrupt changes in light intensity would cause abrupt changes in pupil contraction and dilation. Given the lag in pupil dilation, the detection process becomes difficult, making it hard to obtain accurate data. Therefore, how to obtain a more accurate and realistic background image of the pupil under such lighting conditions without affecting the uniform stimulation of the pupil by light to achieve a reasonable diagnosis is a problem that needs to be solved.

[0102] Based on this, this solution provides a preferred implementation. In this embodiment, the light source is configured to act on the patient's eye at a first frequency, emitting visible light to cause the patient's pupil to constrict. An infrared emitting unit, with at least a portion of its light emission direction aligned with the light source, is also provided. This infrared emitting unit is configured to act on the patient's eye at a second frequency. The visible light and infrared light at the first and second frequencies act on the patient's eye in a manner that precisely alternates their respective flicker intervals, meaning the peaks of the visible light and the troughs of the infrared light are parallel in time but opposite in phase. Their amplitudes can be the same or different. The camera uses a third frequency with an electronic shutter to capture several consecutive video frames related to the third frequency. These frames include images with single visible light action, single infrared light action, dual visible and infrared light action, and images without either visible or infrared light action. Both the first and second frequencies control the opening and closing of the light-emitting structure, i.e., "brightness," while the third frequency controls the opening and closing of the camera's photosensitive chip. Preferably, the processor selects frames under single infrared light illumination, processes them to form a background image of the pupil, and further processes them to obtain parameters such as pupil size, change size, and change time, which are provided to the doctor as a diagnostic reference. Preferably, the camera can also be configured to use an electronic shutter at a second frequency, and the camera's electronic shutter is in "on" logic when illuminated by infrared light, so as to directly obtain the pupil image illuminated by infrared light. Preferably, the first frequency is at least greater than 50Hz, and the camera video frame rate controlled by the third frequency is at least 24 frames per second, preferably 30 frames per second, and more preferably 60 frames per second.

[0103] The above-described scheme achieves the effect of obtaining a true background image of the pupil without affecting the uniform stimulation of the pupil by light for reasonable pupil diagnosis. First, infrared light does not stimulate the human eye, and the human eye's absorption capacity for infrared light is relatively stronger than that for visible light. Therefore, the pupil's constriction and dilation response is not generated in response to infrared light irradiation, and there is not much reflection. Thus, the pupil can be imaged based on the image under infrared irradiation. Furthermore, during the imaging process, visible light does not act on the patient's pupil due to the control of the flicker frequency. However, this does not cause the patient's pupil to jump. Due to the persistence of vision effect of the human eye, the eyeball cannot react to high-frequency changing light. Therefore, even during imaging, the patient's pupil will not produce an unexpected response, but will continue to make the expected constriction feedback guided by visible light. The above-described scheme achieves real-time acquisition of clear, complete, and glare-free real images of the pupil without affecting the normal use of visible light to exert a predictable effect on the patient's eye and obtain a predictable pupillary constriction response. It eliminates the need for computational photography, directly processing the image to obtain real parameters, significantly reducing the processor load. This allows for the use of simple and relatively economical processor solutions, reducing processing latency and enabling faster and more accurate output of reliable results, thus significantly improving the work of medical diagnosis of pupil status.

[0104] It should be noted that the specific embodiments described above are exemplary. Those skilled in the art can devise various solutions inspired by the disclosure of this invention, and these solutions all fall within the scope of this invention and its protection. Those skilled in the art should understand that this specification and its accompanying drawings are illustrative and do not constitute a limitation on the claims. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents. Throughout the text, features introduced by "preferred" are merely optional and should not be construed as mandatory. Therefore, the applicant reserves the right to abandon or delete relevant preferred features at any time. This specification contains multiple inventive concepts. Phrases such as "preferred," "according to a preferred embodiment," or "optionally" indicate that the corresponding paragraph discloses an independent concept. The applicant reserves the right to file divisional applications based on each inventive concept.

Claims

1. A pupil measurement system, characterized in that, The pupil measurement system includes at least a control unit (110), an image acquisition unit (120), and a display unit (130). The control unit (110) generates a measurement command and sends it to the image acquisition unit (120). In response to the receipt of the measurement command, the image acquisition unit (120) applies light stimulation to the pupil and continuously acquires pupil images and sends them to the control unit (110); The control unit (110) measures the size of the pupil and the light response speed by processing the pupil image; The pupil images continuously acquired by the image acquisition unit (120) include at least the pupil image before the pupil is stimulated by light and the pupil image with the greatest change in pupil size after the pupil is stimulated by light. The control unit (110) determines the amount of change in pupil size and the time taken for the change based on the pupil images before and after the pupil is stimulated by light, and then determines the light reaction speed of the pupil. The image acquisition unit (120) includes at least a light source (121), a camera (122), and a lens assembly (123). It also includes an infrared emitting unit; The camera (122) is coaxially arranged with the light source (121), and the lens assembly (123) is located between the light source (121) and the camera (122); wherein the lens assembly (123) is coaxially positioned relative to the camera (122) and the light source (121); In response to the receipt of the measurement command, the light source (121) of the image acquisition unit (120) emits a light beam to the pupil of the person being measured, and the pupil of the person being measured reflects the light beam; The reflected light beam passes through the lens assembly (123) and converges on the camera (122), thereby allowing the camera (122) to capture an image of the pupil of the subject under the illumination of the light beam. During the acquisition of the pupil image of the subject, no detection electrode directly contacts the human eye. The light source (121) is configured to act on the patient's eye at a first frequency to emit visible light and cause the patient's pupil to constrict. The light emission direction of the infrared emitting unit is at least partly the same as that of the light source (121). The infrared emitting unit is configured to act on the patient's eye at a second frequency. The visible light and infrared light at the first and second frequencies act on the patient's eye in such a way that their respective flicker gaps are exactly interleaved. That is, the peaks of the visible light and the troughs of the infrared light are parallel in the time dimension and opposite in phase. The camera (122) is configured with an electronic shutter at a third frequency to capture several consecutive video frames related to the third frequency. The control unit (110) selects the frame images under the action of single infrared light and processes them to form the background image of the pupil. The first frequency is at least greater than 50Hz, and the camera video frame rate under the control of the third frequency is at least 24 frames. The light source (121) and camera (122) are configured to act independently of each other relative to the left and right eyes and to provide differential light stimulation to the corresponding monocular object; two dark chambers are divided for each eye, each dark chamber is composed of a light-blocking part, which is made of an opaque material, and is surrounded by plastic and rubber parts to form a cavity space, forming a light-free environment inside the cavity, and the rubber parts contact the patient's skin around the eyes; at least two sets of light sources (121) and cameras (122) are arranged in the two dark chambers, and both can be controlled to act on the patient's eyes separately.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control unit (110) includes at least a processing module (111) and a storage module (112). The processing module (111) is connected to the storage module (112), the image acquisition unit (120), and the display unit (130) for communication data respectively; The image acquisition unit (120) sends the acquired pupil image to the processing module (111). In response to the receipt of the pupil image, the processing module (111) sequentially performs grayscale conversion, binarization processing, edge detection and edge arc fitting on the pupil image, and then performs proportional conversion on the obtained measurement data according to the pixel / true ratio value to obtain the measurement result, and sends the measurement result to the display unit (130) for display; The storage module (112) is used to store the pupil image and the measurement result. The processing module (111) can retrieve the pupil image and / or the measurement result from the storage module (112) and send them to the display unit (130) for display.

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The processing module (111) can also classify the size of the pupil and the light response speed; the processing module (111) generates a corresponding prompt instruction based on the classification result and sends the prompt instruction to the display unit (130).

4. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The processing module (111) performs binarization processing on the grayscale converted pupil image by image segmentation to obtain a binarized pupil image; The processing module (111) selects the gray value corresponding to the minimum frequency value between the two peaks in the gray value histogram of the image as the gray value segmentation threshold to generate a binarized image of the pupil. The processing module (111) takes pixels with gray values ​​less than the gray value threshold as pupil pixels and vice versa as background pixels, and performs binarization segmentation on the pupil image and background image in the image based on the pupil pixels and background pixels.

5. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The processing module (111) obtains the edge pixels of the pupil binarized image through the edge detection function; the processing module (111) outputs the radius value of the best arc fitting by inputting the edge pixel image through the arc fitting function.

6. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The processing module (111) obtains the image pixel information of the reference object collected by the camera (122) at the measurement position and the actual size information of the reference object, and calculates the ratio of the pixel width to the actual width of the reference object as the pixel / actual ratio value.

7. A pupil measurement method, performed using the pupil measurement system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The pupil measurement method includes at least the following: Light stimulation is applied to the pupil, and images of the pupil are continuously acquired; The pupil size and light response speed are measured based on the pupil image; Among them, the continuously acquired pupil images include at least the pupil image before the pupil is stimulated by light and the pupil image with the greatest change in pupil size after the pupil is stimulated by light; Based on the pupil images before and after the pupil is stimulated by light, the amount of change in pupil size and the time taken for the change are determined, and then the light response speed of the pupil is determined.

8. The pupil measurement method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The pupil measurement method further includes: The pupil image is sequentially subjected to grayscale conversion, binarization, edge detection, and edge arc fitting. The obtained measurement data is then proportionally converted according to the pixel / true ratio to obtain the measurement result, which is then visualized.

9. A multifunctional pupil observation pen, characterized in that, The multifunctional pupil observation pen is equipped with a pupil measurement system as described in any one of claims 1 to 6; the multifunctional pupil observation pen has a needle (220) for performing a pinprick test on the pen body (210).

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