Method for designing an equivalent seismic surveying observation system
By redistributing the points of the seismic exploration observation system and creating multiple equivalent designs, the problems of insufficient economy and safety of the existing system in three-dimensional wide-azimuth high-density seismic exploration have been solved, and flexible observation system conversion and efficient data acquisition have been achieved.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- BGP INC CHINA NAT PETROLEUM CORP
- Filing Date
- 2022-11-04
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-14
Smart Images
Figure 221104110424 
Figure 221104110508 
Figure 221104110511
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of petroleum seismic exploration and analysis technology, and relates to equivalent design methods, specifically, design methods for equivalent seismic exploration and observation systems. Background Technology
[0002] In seismic exploration, to understand the detailed morphology of underground structures, it is necessary to continuously track reflected waves from various underground interfaces. This requires generating seismic waves at multiple shot points along the survey line and conducting multiple observations. During each observation, the positions of the shot points and receivers need to maintain a specific relationship. The observation method used to describe this specific relationship is called a seismic exploration observation system.
[0003] With the further development of seismic exploration technology, three-dimensional wide-azimuth high-density seismic exploration has become the mainstream development direction of seismic exploration technology in reflection wave seismic exploration. However, operations in the marine field are limited by terrain and are more difficult. Different observation system design schemes have different requirements for equipment configuration and construction operations. Therefore, from the perspective of economy and safety, developing an equivalent design method for seismic exploration observation systems is a key technical problem that needs to be solved to promote the application of three-dimensional wide-azimuth high-density seismic exploration technology.
[0004] Existing equivalent designs are relatively simple and cannot meet the corresponding technical and exploration cost requirements for complex designs that require comprehensive consideration of economic and technical integration, such as efficient acquisition with controlled sources, efficient acquisition with air gun sources, and obstacle-bypass observation and acquisition in ultra-large obstacle areas. Furthermore, the current simple equivalent designs have limited applicability to three-dimensional wide-azimuth high-density seismic exploration operations. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a design method for equivalent seismic exploration observation systems that can flexibly convert various currently used three-dimensional observation systems into equivalent systems, thereby improving the integrated economic and technical analysis and calculation of seismic data exploration and acquisition. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a design method for an equivalent seismic exploration and observation system. By re-arranging the number of arrays, receiver arrays, shot lines, and shot points based on positive divisors, various equivalent designs can be obtained, thereby improving the economy and safety of construction operations and enhancing the efficiency of seismic data acquisition and analysis.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:
[0007] A design method for an equivalent seismic exploration observation system includes the following steps performed sequentially:
[0008] S1. List the positive divisors
[0009] List the positive divisors of the number of permutation lines, the number of shot lines, the number of shot points, and the number of receiving channels, respectively;
[0010] The number of arrangement lines, shot lines, shot points, and receiver channels are derived from the three-dimensional observation system to be equivalent;
[0011] The number of arrangement lines and the number of shot points are horizontal data;
[0012] The number of shot lines and receiver channels are longitudinal data;
[0013] S2. Points reallocation
[0014] The number of arrangement lines, shot lines, shot points, and receiver channels in the three-dimensional observation system to be equivalent are replaced with their respective positive divisors to form a seismic exploration observation system with a re-arranged number of points.
[0015] The equivalent seismic exploration observation system is obtained by multiplying the number of arrangement lines, shot lines, shot points, and receiver channels in the re-arranged seismic exploration observation system to the product of the number of arrangement lines, shot lines, shot points, and receiver channels in the original three-dimensional observation system to be equivalent.
[0016] This invention can obtain the number of seismic exploration observation systems that have been re-deployed based on the number of points. A certain observation system is an L-line (M×N) shot-T channel, where L is the number of arrangement lines (i.e., transverse receiver points), M is the number of shot lines (i.e., longitudinal shot points), N is the number of shot points per shot line (i.e., transverse shot points), and T is the number of receiver channels per arrangement (i.e., longitudinal receiver points). Assuming L has a positive divisors, M has b positive divisors, N has c positive divisors, and T has d positive divisors, then there are a total of (a×b×c×d) seismic exploration observation systems that have been re-deployed based on the number of points of the L-line (M×N) shot-T channel.
[0017] As a limitation of the present invention, in step S2, the horizontal data in the three-dimensional observation system to be equivalent are replaced with their respective positive divisors, while the vertical data remain unchanged, to form an equivalent seismic exploration observation system with horizontal splitting.
[0018] As another limitation of the present invention, in step S2, the longitudinal data in the three-dimensional observation system to be equivalent are replaced with their respective positive divisors, while the lateral data remain unchanged, to form a longitudinally split equivalent seismic exploration observation system.
[0019] This invention also provides a design method for an equivalent seismic exploration observation system. The design steps are as follows: after listing the positive divisors of the number of permutations, the number of permutations in the three-dimensional observation system to be equivalent is replaced with the positive divisors of the number of permutations to form an equal permutation observation system; then, X equal permutation observation systems are superimposed to form an equivalent seismic exploration observation system.
[0020] Where X is a positive integer; the product of X and the number of permutations in the equally permuted observation system is equal to the number of permutations in the three-dimensional observation system to be equivalent before replacement.
[0021] This invention also provides another design method for an equivalent seismic exploration observation system. Its design steps are as follows: after listing the positive divisors of the number of receiver channels, the number of receiver channels in the three-dimensional observation system to be equivalent is replaced with the positive divisors of the number of receiver channels to form an observation system with equal number of receiver channels; then, Y observation systems with equal number of receiver channels are superimposed to form an equivalent seismic exploration observation system.
[0022] Where Y is a positive integer; the product of Y and the number of channels in the observation system with the same number of channels is equal to the number of channels in the three-dimensional observation system to be equivalent before replacement.
[0023] By adopting the above-mentioned technical solution, the technical progress achieved by this invention compared with the prior art is as follows:
[0024] This invention can equivalently transform any currently used 3D observation system in a flexible and diverse manner, providing multiple options for the optimization of observation systems, especially in areas such as efficient acquisition with controllable seismic sources, efficient acquisition with air gun seismic sources, obstacle avoidance observation in ultra-large obstacle areas, and splicing design of land and water observation systems. It also provides new preferred solutions for the design of observation systems in areas with different types of construction operations, which can better meet the resource allocation and construction operation requirements of 3D seismic exploration and has strong feasibility.
[0025] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Attached Figure Description
[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the 8-line (1×4) gun 120-track system in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a 1-line (1×32) gun 120-track system in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the 2-line (4×4) gun 120-track system in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the 4-line (2×4) gun 120-track system in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a single-line (32×120) gun track system in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a 32-line (1×1) gun with 120 channels system in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
[0032] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the 12-line (1×8) gun 160-track system in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;
[0033] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the 6-line (1×16) gun 160-track system in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;
[0034] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a 12-line (8×8) gun 20-track system in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;
[0035] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the 54-line (600×6) gun 80-track system in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;
[0036] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the 27-line (600×6×2) gun 80-track system in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;
[0037] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of a two 27-line (600×6×2) gun 40-track system in Embodiment 3 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0038] Example 1: A design method for an equivalent seismic exploration and observation system
[0039] This embodiment designs an equivalent seismic exploration observation system for a commonly used 3D observation system in land and water observation systems, consisting of 8 lines (1×4) shots and 120 channels (the 3D observation system to be equivalent). The specific method includes the following steps performed in sequence:
[0040] S1. List the positive divisors
[0041] like Figure 1 The arrangement of 120 channels for an 8-line (1×4) gun has 8 lines, and the positive divisors of 8 are 1, 2, 4, and 8, for a total of 4; the number of gun lines is 1, and the divisor of 1 is 1, with only 1 positive divisor; the number of gun points is 4, and the positive divisors of 4 are 1, 2, and 4, for a total of 3; the number of receiving channels is 120, and the positive divisors of 120 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 20, 24, 30, 40, 60, and 120, for a total of 16.
[0042] The number of arrangement lines (8) and the number of shot points (4) are horizontal data; the number of shot lines (1) and the number of receiver channels (120) are vertical data.
[0043] S2. Points reallocation
[0044] The number of points that can be formed by 8 lines (1×4) of 120 shots and the number of seismic exploration observation systems that can be redeployed is 4×1×3×16=192. Therefore, this embodiment provides multiple options for the optimization of the observation system.
[0045] By replacing the horizontal data in the three-dimensional observation system to be equivalent with their respective positive divisors, while keeping the vertical data unchanged, an equivalent seismic exploration observation system with horizontal splitting is formed: For example... Figure 2 The diagram shows 120 guns in a single line (1×32). Figure 3 The diagram shows 120 guns in a 2-line (4×4) configuration, as shown. Figure 4 The diagram shows 4 lines (2×4) with 120 shot channels, where 8×1×4×120=1×1×32×120=2×4×4×120=4×2×4×120=3480. That is, the product of the number of arrangement lines, shot lines, shot points and receiver channels in the re-arranged seismic exploration observation system is equal to the product of the number of arrangement lines, shot lines, shot points and receiver channels in the three-dimensional observation system to be equivalent before replacement.
[0046] By replacing the vertical data in the three-dimensional observation system to be equivalent with their respective positive divisors, while leaving the horizontal data unchanged, an equivalent seismic exploration observation system with vertical decomposition is formed: For example... Figure 5 The image shows one line (32×120) gun, as shown. Figure 6 The diagram shows 120 guns in a 32-line (1×1) configuration, of which 8×1×4×120=1×32×120×1=32×1×1×120=3480.
[0047] In another implementation, the number of arrangement lines 8 in the three-dimensional observation system to be equivalent is replaced with a positive divisor of the number of arrangement lines 4, forming an equal arrangement observation system with 4 lines (1×4) and 120 shots; 2 (X) equal arrangement observation systems are superimposed to form an equivalent seismic exploration observation system; wherein, the product of 2 and the number of arrangement lines 4 in the equal arrangement observation system is equal to the number of arrangement lines 8 in the three-dimensional observation system to be equivalent before replacement.
[0048] In another implementation, the number of receiver channels 120 in the three-dimensional observation system to be equivalent is replaced with a positive divisor of the number of receiver channels 60, forming an 8-line (1×4) shot system with 60 channels of equal receiver channels; the two (Y) equal receiver channels observation systems are superimposed to form an equivalent seismic exploration observation system; wherein, the product of the two and the number of receiver channels 60 in the equal receiver channels observation system is equal to the number of receiver channels 120 in the three-dimensional observation system to be equivalent before replacement.
[0049] Example 2: Design Method of Equivalent Seismic Exploration and Observation System
[0050] This embodiment designs two equivalent seismic exploration observation systems for the 12-line (1×8) shot 160-track (equivalent 3D observation system) three-dimensional observation system commonly used in efficient acquisition of airgun seismic sources. The specific method includes the following steps in sequence:
[0051] S1. List the positive divisors
[0052] like Figure 7The number of arrangement lines for a 12-line (1×8) gun with 160 channels is 12. The positive divisors of 12 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12, a total of 6. The number of gun lines is 1. The number of divisors of 1 is 1, with only 1 positive divisor. The number of gun points is 8. The positive divisors of 8 are 1, 2, 4, and 8, a total of 4. The number of receiving channels is 160. The positive divisors of 160 are 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 16, 20, 32, 40, 80, and 160, a total of 12.
[0053] The number of arrangement lines (12) and the number of firing points (8) are horizontal data; the number of firing lines (1) and the number of receiving channels (160) are vertical data.
[0054] S2. Points reallocation
[0055] The number of points that can be formed by 12 lines (1×8) of shot and 160 channels, and the number of seismic exploration observation systems that can be redeployed, is 6×1×4×12=288. Therefore, this embodiment provides multiple options for the optimization of the observation system.
[0056] The horizontal data in the 3D observation system to be equivalent are replaced with their respective positive divisors, while the vertical data remains unchanged, forming a horizontally split equivalent seismic exploration observation system: 6 lines (1×16) with 160 channels, such as... Figure 8 ;
[0057] The vertical data in the three-dimensional observation system to be equivalent are replaced with their respective positive divisors, while the horizontal data remains unchanged, forming a vertically split equivalent seismic exploration observation system: 12 lines (8×8) with 20 channels, such as... Figure 9 ;
[0058] The parameters of three seismic exploration observation systems are shown in Table 1: 160 channels of 12-line (1×8) guns, 160 channels of 6-line (1×16) guns, and 20 channels of 12-line (8×8) guns.
[0059] Table 1. Parameters of Three Seismic Exploration and Observation Systems
[0060]
[0061] Example 3: Equivalent Seismic Exploration Observation System for Marine OBN Acquisition and Observation System
[0062] This embodiment designs an equivalent seismic exploration observation system for a 54-line (600×6) 80-channel OBN acquisition and observation system for three-dimensional wide-azimuth high-density seismic exploration at sea. The specific method includes the following steps in sequence:
[0063] like Figure 10As shown, the OBN acquisition and observation system to be equivalent has 54 array receivers, each array has 80 channels. The positive divisors of the number of array lines 54 are 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18, 27, and 54, totaling 8; the number of shot lines is 600, with positive divisors of 1, 2, 4…600, totaling 24; the number of shot points is 6, with positive divisors of 6 being 1, 2, and 3, totaling 3; and the positive divisors of the number of channels 80 are 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 16, 20, 40, and 80, totaling 10.
[0064] Among them, the number of arrangement lines 54 and the number of shot points 6 are horizontal data; the number of shot lines 600 and the number of receiving channels 80 are vertical data.
[0065] The total number of points that can be formed by 54 lines (600×6) of shot and 80 channels in the re-deployed seismic exploration observation system is 8×24×3×10=9792. Therefore, this embodiment provides multiple options for the optimization of the observation system.
[0066] By replacing the horizontal data in the OBN acquisition and observation system to be equivalent with their respective positive divisors, while keeping the vertical data unchanged, an equivalent seismic exploration and observation system with horizontal splitting is formed: 27 lines (600×6×2) of shots and 80 channels, as follows. Figure 11 ;
[0067] exist Figure 11 Based on the existing observation system, with the horizontal data remaining unchanged, the observation system can be split vertically in the middle, dividing the vertically arranged receiver channels in half to form two new equivalent observation systems: a 27-line (600×6×2) gun with 40 channels, such as... Figure 12 .
[0068] It should be noted that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.
Claims
1. A design method for an equivalent seismic exploration and observation system, characterized in that, This includes the following steps performed sequentially: S1. List the positive divisors: List the positive divisors of the number of permutation lines, the number of shot lines, the number of shot points, and the number of receiving channels, respectively; The number of arrangement lines, shot lines, shot points, and receiver channels are derived from the three-dimensional observation system to be equivalent; The number of arrangement lines and the number of shot points are horizontal data; The number of shot lines and receiver channels are longitudinal data; S2. Points reallocation: The number of arrangement lines, shot lines, shot points, and receiver channels in the three-dimensional observation system to be equivalent are replaced with their respective positive divisors to form a seismic exploration observation system with a re-arranged number of points. The equivalent seismic exploration observation system is obtained by multiplying the number of arrangement lines, shot lines, shot points, and receiver channels in the re-arranged seismic exploration observation system to the product of the number of arrangement lines, shot lines, shot points, and receiver channels in the original three-dimensional observation system to be equivalent.
2. The design method of the equivalent seismic exploration observation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the horizontal data in the three-dimensional observation system to be equivalent are replaced with their respective positive divisors, while the vertical data remain unchanged, forming an equivalent seismic exploration observation system with horizontal splitting.
3. The design method of the equivalent seismic exploration observation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the vertical data in the three-dimensional observation system to be equivalent are replaced with their respective positive divisors, while the horizontal data remain unchanged, forming a vertically split equivalent seismic exploration observation system.
4. A design method for an equivalent seismic exploration and observation system, characterized in that, It involves, after listing the positive divisors in S1 of claim 1, replacing the number of permutation lines in the three-dimensional observation system to be equivalent with the positive divisors of the number of permutation lines in S1 of claim 1, to form an equally permuted observation system; and then superimposing X equally permuted observation systems to form an equivalent seismic exploration observation system. Where X is a positive integer; the product of X and the number of permutations in the equally permuted observation system is equal to the number of permutations in the three-dimensional observation system to be equivalent before replacement.
5. A design method for an equivalent seismic exploration observation system, characterized in that, It is based on the enumeration of positive divisors in S1 as described in claim 1, replacing the number of receiver channels in the three-dimensional observation system to be equivalent with positive divisors of the number of receiver channels to form an observation system with equal number of receiver channels; and then superimposing Y observation systems with equal number of receiver channels to form an equivalent seismic exploration observation system; Where Y is a positive integer; the product of Y and the number of channels in the observation system with the same number of channels is equal to the number of channels in the three-dimensional observation system to be equivalent before replacement.