Charging method, device, apparatus, and storage medium

Abstract

This application discloses a charging method, apparatus, device, and storage medium, belonging to the field of charging technology. The method includes: cyclically performing multiple charging operations on a lithium battery until a charging cutoff condition is met; wherein the charging operation includes: performing a first-stage charging of the lithium battery using a first charging current; after the first-stage charging is completed, increasing the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery; at the end of the first-stage charging, the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is less than or equal to the lithium plating critical potential. The technical solution provided by the embodiments of this application can improve the charging efficiency of lithium batteries while avoiding lithium plating.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of charging technology, and in particular to a charging method, apparatus, device and storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, lithium batteries, as rechargeable batteries, are becoming increasingly common in people's daily lives. During the charging process, lithium ions in the battery deintercalate from the positive electrode and diffuse towards the negative electrode, eventually intercalating there. In some cases, lithium ions may fail to intercalate properly into the negative electrode. In this situation, lithium ions may capture electrons at the negative electrode, forming elemental lithium that deposits there. This phenomenon is called lithium plating, and lithium plating accelerates the aging of lithium batteries.

[0003] In related technologies, the negative electrode potential of a lithium battery can be controlled to remain above the critical lithium plating potential (generally 0V) during the charging process, so as to ensure that lithium ions cannot capture electrons at the negative electrode of the lithium battery, thereby eliminating the occurrence of lithium plating from the source.

[0004] However, in order to keep the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery above the critical lithium plating potential during charging, the charging current needs to be kept at a low level. Since the magnitude of the charging current directly affects the charging efficiency of the lithium battery, keeping the charging current at a low level will result in lower charging efficiency of the lithium battery. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on this, embodiments of this application provide a charging method, apparatus, device, and storage medium that can improve the charging efficiency of lithium batteries while avoiding lithium plating.

[0006] Firstly, a charging method is provided, the method comprising:

[0007] The lithium battery is cycled and charged multiple times until the charging cutoff condition is met.

[0008] The charging operation includes:

[0009] The lithium battery is charged in the first stage using a first charging current. After the first stage of charging is completed, the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is increased. When the first stage of charging is completed, the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is less than or equal to the critical lithium plating potential.

[0010] Secondly, a charging device is provided, the device comprising:

[0011] The charging module is used to perform multiple charging operations on the lithium battery until the charging cutoff condition is met.

[0012] The charging module includes:

[0013] A charging unit is used to perform a first-stage charging of the lithium battery using a first charging current.

[0014] The processing unit is used to increase the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery after the first stage of charging is completed; when the first stage of charging is completed, the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is less than or equal to the critical lithium plating potential.

[0015] Thirdly, an electronic device is provided, including a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program that, when executed by the processor, implements the charging method as described in the first aspect above.

[0016] Fourthly, a computer-readable storage medium is provided having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the charging method as described in the first aspect above.

[0017] Fifthly, a charging method is provided, the method comprising:

[0018] During the constant current charging phase, the lithium battery is charged with a first charging current for a first charging time. When the first charging time ends, the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is less than or equal to the critical lithium plating potential. When it is determined that the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is higher than the critical lithium plating potential, the lithium battery is charged with a second charging current.

[0019] Sixthly, a charging device is provided, the device comprising:

[0020] A charging module is used to charge a lithium battery with a first charging current for a first charging time during the constant current charging stage. At the end of the first charging time, the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is less than or equal to the critical lithium plating potential.

[0021] The charging module is also used to charge the lithium battery using a second charging current when it is determined that the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is higher than a preset first negative electrode potential.

[0022] In a seventh aspect, an electronic device is provided, including a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program that, when executed by the processor, implements the charging method as described in the fifth aspect above.

[0023] Eighthly, a computer-readable storage medium is provided having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the charging method as described in the fifth aspect above.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided in this application include at least the following:

[0025] By performing multiple charging operations on the lithium battery until the charging cutoff condition is met, the charging operation includes a first stage charging of the lithium battery using a first charging current. After the first stage charging is completed, the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is increased. Furthermore, at the end of the first stage charging, the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is less than or equal to the lithium plating critical potential. Since the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is less than or equal to the lithium plating critical potential at the end of the first stage charging, and the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is increased after the first stage charging is completed, an environment can be provided for the lithium battery to convert the deposited lithium into lithium ions and embed them into the negative electrode of the lithium battery, thereby eliminating the lithium deposited during the first stage charging. Because the lithium can be eliminated after the first stage charging is completed, whether lithium plating occurs during the first stage charging can be disregarded. Therefore, a higher first charging current can be used for the first stage charging, thereby improving charging efficiency while avoiding lithium plating. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a charging method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrating a negative electrode potential change provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a negative electrode potential change provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0029] Figure 4 A flowchart illustrating a charging method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 5 A flowchart illustrating a charging method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 6 A flowchart illustrating a charging method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 7 A flowchart illustrating a charging method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 8 A flowchart illustrating a charging method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 9 A block diagram of a charging device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 10This is a block diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the embodiments of this application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0037] In practical applications, during the charging process of lithium batteries, lithium ions in the battery will deintercalate from the positive electrode and diffuse towards the negative electrode, eventually intercalating there. In some cases, lithium ions may not be able to intercalate properly into the negative electrode. In this situation, lithium ions may capture electrons at the negative electrode, forming elemental lithium that deposits there. This phenomenon is called lithium plating, and its chemical expression is:

[0038] Li + +e - —Li.

[0039] Generally, lithium plating occurs during fast charging, low-temperature charging, and battery aging. During fast charging, lithium ion insertion into the negative electrode is slower than the rated rate, leading to lithium ion accumulation on the electrode surface. During low-temperature charging, lithium ion diffusion activity decreases, slowing insertion and resulting in accumulation. During battery aging, lithium plating occurs due to the formation of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film caused by side reactions. Interphase (SEI) increases the internal resistance of a lithium battery. According to the expression for negative electrode potential: φ(anode) = φ(e) + Δφ, where φ(anode) is the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery, φ(e) is the lithium plating equilibrium potential, and Δφ is the potential generated by the internal resistance of the lithium battery. Since Δφ < 0, it can be seen that the increase in the internal resistance of the lithium battery will lead to a decrease in the potential Δφ generated by the internal resistance of the lithium battery. Therefore, the increase in the internal resistance of the lithium battery will make it easier for the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery to fall below the critical lithium plating potential (usually 0V), thus making the lithium plating phenomenon more likely to occur.

[0040] Lithium plating reduces the lithium-ion content in lithium batteries, thus lowering their capacity. In addition, elemental lithium typically precipitates as lithium dendrites, which may puncture the separator in the lithium battery, causing overheating or even posing a risk of short circuit between the positive and negative electrodes.

[0041] As explained above, lithium plating accelerates the aging of lithium batteries and can even pose safety risks. Therefore, measures are typically taken to prevent lithium plating during the charging process.

[0042] In related technologies, the negative electrode potential of a lithium battery can be controlled to remain above the critical lithium plating potential during the charging process, so as to ensure that lithium ions cannot capture electrons at the negative electrode of the lithium battery, thereby eliminating the occurrence of lithium plating from the source.

[0043] However, in order to keep the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery above the critical lithium plating potential during charging, the charging current needs to be kept at a low level. Since the magnitude of the charging current directly affects the charging efficiency of the lithium battery, keeping the charging current at a low level will result in lower charging efficiency of the lithium battery.

[0044] In view of this, embodiments of this application provide a charging method, apparatus, device, and storage medium that can improve the charging efficiency of lithium batteries while avoiding lithium plating.

[0045] It should be noted that the entity executing the charging method provided in this application embodiment can be a charging device, which can be implemented as part or all of an electronic device through software, hardware, or a combination of software and hardware. The electronic device includes a lithium battery and can be a smartphone, tablet, wearable device, in-vehicle device, e-book reader, MP3 player, or MP4 player, etc. This application embodiment does not limit the specific type of the electronic device.

[0046] It should also be noted that the electronic device may also be equipped with a charging control chip, and the charging method provided in this application embodiment may be executed by the charging control chip in the electronic device.

[0047] Please refer to Figure 1 The diagram illustrates a flowchart of a charging method provided in an embodiment of this application, which can be applied to the electronic device described above. Figure 1 As shown, the charging method may include the following technical processes:

[0048] Electronic devices perform multiple charging operations on lithium batteries until the charging cutoff condition is met.

[0049] In one possible implementation, the electronic device can monitor the state of the lithium battery during the cyclic charging operation. If the monitored battery state meets the charging cutoff condition, the electronic device can stop the charging operation. Optionally, after stopping the charging operation, the electronic device can continue the charging process until the lithium battery is fully charged. The battery state monitored during the cyclic charging operation may include the lithium battery temperature, the lithium battery voltage, etc., which are not specifically limited in this embodiment.

[0050] In another possible implementation, the electronic device can record the number of times the charging operation is repeated during the cyclic execution of the charging operation. When the number of cyclic executions reaches a certain threshold, the charging cutoff condition is considered met, and the electronic device can stop the charging operation. Optionally, after stopping the charging operation, the electronic device can continue the charging process for the lithium battery until the lithium battery is fully charged.

[0051] In another possible implementation, the electronic device can record the duration of the cyclic charging operation during its execution. If this duration reaches a certain threshold, the charging cutoff condition is considered met, and the electronic device can stop the charging operation. Optionally, after stopping the charging operation, the electronic device can continue charging the lithium battery until it is fully charged.

[0052] In another possible implementation, the electronic device can cycle through multiple charging operations on the lithium battery during the constant current charging phase. When the switching condition for transitioning from constant current charging to constant voltage charging is detected, the charging cutoff condition is considered met, and the electronic device can stop the charging operation. Optionally, after stopping the charging operation, the electronic device can continue charging the lithium battery until it is fully charged. In this case, the subsequent charging process can be a constant voltage charging process.

[0053] The switching condition for switching from the constant current charging stage to the constant voltage charging stage, as described above, can be: the battery voltage reaches the charging cutoff voltage of the constant current charging stage. This charging cutoff voltage can be the battery's rated cutoff voltage or a voltage greater than the battery's rated cutoff voltage. For example, the charging cutoff voltage can be the sum of the rated cutoff voltage of the potential and a fixed value, where the fixed value can be 0.05V.

[0054] In addition, the switching conditions for the constant current charging stage to the constant voltage charging stage mentioned above can be: the charging voltage reaches the preset charging voltage value, or the charging time of the constant current charging stage reaches the preset charging time value, etc.

[0055] The charging process of a lithium battery generally includes a constant current charging stage and a constant voltage charging stage. In the constant current charging stage, a relatively constant charging current is used to charge the lithium battery. During this stage, the battery voltage gradually increases. When the battery voltage reaches a certain voltage threshold, the lithium battery is considered to meet the switching conditions for switching from the constant current charging stage to the constant voltage charging stage. At this point, it can enter the constant voltage charging stage. In the constant voltage charging stage, a relatively constant charging voltage is used to charge the lithium battery. During this stage, the charging current continuously decreases until it drops to a certain small value, at which point charging stops.

[0056] The embodiments of this application will be combined with Figure 1 A brief description of the technical process of a single charging operation performed by an electronic device, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the technical process includes steps 101 and 102.

[0057] Step 101: The electronic device uses the first charging current to perform the first stage of charging on the lithium battery.

[0058] Optionally, the first charging current may be greater than or equal to the lithium plating critical current value.

[0059] Since the first charging current is greater than or equal to the critical lithium plating current, at the end of the first stage of charging, the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is less than or equal to the critical lithium plating potential, where the critical lithium plating potential can be 0V.

[0060] Generally speaking, charging a lithium battery with a large initial charging current (greater than or equal to the critical lithium plating current) will cause the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery to be less than or equal to the critical lithium plating potential. When the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is less than or equal to the critical lithium plating potential, lithium ions may capture electrons at the negative electrode of the lithium battery to form elemental lithium, that is, lithium plating may occur. However, using a large initial charging current to charge the lithium battery can improve the charging efficiency of the lithium battery.

[0061] In an optional embodiment of this application, the electronic device can determine the first charging current based on a preset first negative electrode potential, wherein the first negative electrode potential may be less than or equal to the lithium plating critical potential.

[0062] In the embodiments of this application, the first negative electrode potential may be a potential value preset locally in the electronic device, or a potential value obtained by the electronic device according to the battery state of the lithium battery, or a negative electrode potential value of the lithium battery during the first stage of charging in the historical charging operation obtained by the electronic device.

[0063] The technical process by which the electronic device obtains the first negative electrode potential based on the battery state of the lithium battery can be as follows: the electronic device queries a negative electrode potential database pre-installed locally on the electronic device based on the battery state of the lithium battery. The negative electrode potential database stores multiple correspondences between the battery state of the lithium battery and the negative electrode potential. The electronic device can use the queried negative electrode potential as the first negative electrode potential.

[0064] In addition, the technical process of obtaining the first negative electrode potential based on the battery state of the lithium battery can also be as follows: the electronic device sends the battery state of the lithium battery to the server, so that the server can query the negative electrode potential database based on the battery state of the lithium battery. The negative electrode potential database stores multiple correspondences between the battery state of the lithium battery and the negative electrode potential. The server can send the queried negative electrode potential to the electronic device, and the electronic device can use the negative electrode potential sent by the server as the first negative electrode potential.

[0065] It should be noted that, similar to the above, the battery state of the lithium battery mentioned here can include: the temperature of the lithium battery, the battery voltage of the lithium battery, etc., and this application embodiment does not specifically limit these. The method of obtaining the first negative electrode potential based on the battery state of the lithium battery can fully take into account various conditions such as the aging of the lithium battery, making the obtained first negative electrode potential more accurate.

[0066] The inventors of this application have discovered that during the cyclic charging operation, the number of lithium ions embedded in the negative electrode of the lithium battery gradually increases. Due to the repulsion between like charges, the difficulty of lithium ions embedding in the negative electrode of the lithium battery gradually increases during the cyclic charging operation. Therefore, during the cyclic charging operation, lithium plating becomes more likely to occur with the increase of the number of cycles.

[0067] In order to avoid the situation where the lithium deposition is too severe in the first stage of charging, which would prevent all the deposited elemental lithium from being converted into lithium ions and embedded in the negative electrode of the lithium battery in subsequent steps, in an optional embodiment of this application, the first negative electrode potential corresponding to each charging operation in the multiple charging operations performed in a cycle can be different.

[0068] Specifically, the first charging current corresponding to each charging operation in the cyclically executed multiple charging operations can be negatively correlated with the execution order of each charging operation in the cyclic process. Correspondingly, the first negative electrode potential corresponding to each charging operation in the cyclically executed multiple charging operations can be positively correlated with the execution order of each charging operation in the cyclic process.

[0069] In other words, the later the charging operation is performed in the cycle, the smaller the corresponding first charging current and the larger the corresponding first negative electrode potential (that is, the closer it is to the lithium plating critical potential). For example, the first negative electrode potential corresponding to the 100th charging operation is greater than the first negative electrode potential corresponding to the 99th charging operation, and the first charging current corresponding to the 100th charging operation is less than the first charging current corresponding to the 99th charging operation.

[0070] Gradually decreasing the first charging current and increasing the first negative electrode potential during cycling can gradually increase the difficulty of lithium plating, thereby offsetting the fact that lithium plating becomes more likely to occur with increasing cycle count. Therefore, it can prevent later charging operations from causing more severe lithium plating, and avoid the inability to convert all the deposited elemental lithium into lithium ions and embed them into the negative electrode of the lithium battery due to severe lithium plating in the first stage of charging. This further ensures that lithium plating does not occur during the charging process.

[0071] In one possible implementation, during the first stage of charging, the first charging current remains constant, and correspondingly, the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery also remains constant during the first stage of charging. Optionally, the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery can remain constant during the first stage of charging, as described above.

[0072] It should be noted that, in the embodiments of this application, the concept of "remaining unchanged" should be interpreted broadly. That is, "remaining unchanged" can mean that it is always equal to a certain value, or it can mean that it always fluctuates around a certain value. Ensuring that the first charging current remains unchanged during the first stage of charging can reduce the control complexity of the first stage of charging and reduce the amount of computation required by the electronic device during the first stage of charging.

[0073] In another possible implementation, the first charging current is reduced during the first stage of charging. For example, the first charging current can be reduced from a first current value to a second current value. Correspondingly, the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery can be increased from a third potential to a fourth potential during the first stage of charging. Both the third potential and the fourth potential can be less than or equal to the critical lithium plating potential. The third potential can be the first negative electrode potential mentioned above.

[0074] Optionally, in the embodiments of this application, the first charging current can be linearly reduced from the first current value to the second current value, or it can be non-linearly reduced from the first current value to the second current value. That is, during the first stage of charging, the rate of change of the first charging current can remain constant or it can change. For example, the rate of change of the first charging current can gradually decrease or gradually increase. The embodiments of this application do not specifically limit this.

[0075] Correspondingly, during the first stage of charging, the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery can increase linearly from the third potential to the fourth potential, or it can increase non-linearly from the third potential to the fourth potential. That is, during the first stage of charging, the rate of change of the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery can remain constant or it can change. For example, the rate of change of the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery can gradually decrease or gradually increase. This application does not specifically limit this.

[0076] By gradually decreasing the first charging current and gradually increasing the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery during the first stage of charging, the degree of lithium plating in the lithium battery can be gradually reduced during the first stage of charging. This helps to convert the lithium elemental deposited in the first stage of charging into lithium ions for insertion into the negative electrode of the lithium battery in subsequent steps. This avoids the situation where the degree of lithium plating in the first stage of charging is so severe that it is impossible to convert all the deposited lithium elemental into lithium ions for insertion into the negative electrode of the lithium battery, thereby further ensuring that lithium plating does not occur in the lithium battery during the charging operation.

[0077] Step 102: After the first stage of charging is completed, the electronic device increases the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery.

[0078] Optionally, the increased negative electrode potential can be greater than or equal to the critical lithium plating potential. Increasing the negative electrode potential of a lithium battery provides an environment where deposited elemental lithium can be converted into lithium ions and inserted into the negative electrode, enabling the elemental lithium deposited during the first charging stage to be converted into lithium ions and inserted into the negative electrode.

[0079] The inventors of this application have discovered that mild lithium plating is generally reversible; that is, the elemental lithium deposited during mild lithium plating can generally be converted back into lithium ions and inserted into the negative electrode of the lithium battery. Based on this principle, after the first stage of charging is completed, the electronic device can increase the potential of the negative electrode of the lithium battery to convert the elemental lithium deposited during the first charging stage into lithium ions and insert them into the negative electrode of the lithium battery, thereby avoiding lithium plating during charging.

[0080] In one possible implementation, the electronic device increases the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery while keeping the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery constant.

[0081] Normally, if the first charging current remains constant during the first stage of charging and the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery remains constant, then the electronic device can correspondingly increase the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery and control the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery to remain constant.

[0082] Optionally, the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery can remain unchanged at the fifth potential. This fifth potential can be a potential value preset locally in the electronic device, a potential value obtained by the electronic device according to the battery state of the lithium battery, or a negative electrode potential value of the lithium battery after the negative electrode potential has been increased during the historical charging operation obtained by the electronic device.

[0083] The technical process by which the electronic device obtains the fifth potential based on the battery state of the lithium battery is the same as the technical process by which the electronic device obtains the first negative electrode potential based on the battery state of the lithium battery, and will not be described again in the embodiments of this application.

[0084] The method of obtaining the fifth potential based on the state of the lithium battery can fully take into account various conditions such as lithium battery aging, making the obtained fifth potential more accurate.

[0085] In another possible implementation, the electronic device increases the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery and controls the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery to decrease from a first potential to a second potential.

[0086] Normally, if the first charging current decreases from the first current value to the second current value during the first stage of charging, and the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery increases from the third potential to the fourth potential, then the electronic device can correspondingly increase the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery and control the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery to decrease from the first potential to the second potential.

[0087] Optionally, in the embodiments of this application, the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery can be linearly reduced from the first potential to the second potential, or nonlinearly reduced from the first potential to the second potential. That is, after the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is increased, the rate of change of the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery can remain unchanged or change. For example, the rate of change of the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery can gradually decrease or gradually increase. The embodiments of this application do not specifically limit this.

[0088] Similar to the above, in the embodiments of this application, the first potential and the second potential can be potential values ​​preset locally in the electronic device, or potential values ​​obtained by the electronic device according to the battery state of the lithium battery, or negative potential of the lithium battery after negative potential increase processing during historical charging operations obtained by the electronic device.

[0089] The technical process by which the electronic device obtains the first and second potentials based on the state of the lithium battery is similar to the technical process by which the electronic device obtains the first negative electrode potential based on the state of the lithium battery, and will not be repeated here in the embodiments of this application. Similarly, as described above, the method of obtaining the first and second potentials based on the state of the lithium battery can fully take into account various conditions such as the aging of the lithium battery, making the obtained first and second potentials more accurate.

[0090] Please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 ,in, Figure 2 This diagram illustrates the change in the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery during cyclic charging, assuming that the negative electrode potential (V1) remains constant during the first stage of charging, the negative electrode potential is increased while the negative electrode potential (V2) remains constant. Figure 3 The diagram illustrates the change in the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery during the cyclic charging process, where the negative electrode potential (V1) of the lithium battery gradually increases during the first stage of charging, the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is increased while the negative electrode potential (V2) of the lithium battery is gradually decreased.

[0091] In an optional embodiment of this application, raising the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery may include one of the following processes: charging the lithium battery in a second stage using a second charging current, allowing the lithium battery to stand still, or discharging the lithium battery, wherein the second charging current is less than the first charging current described above.

[0092] The second stage of charging for lithium batteries increases the charging time, further improving charging efficiency. It's important to note that the negative electrode potential in the final charging stage must be greater than or equal to 0V (the critical lithium plating potential). Discharging the lithium battery accelerates the conversion of elemental lithium deposited in the first charging stage into lithium ions, which then embed into the negative electrode. This reduces the time required to raise the negative electrode potential, thus increasing the proportion of the first-stage charging process and ensuring higher charging efficiency. Furthermore, the first-stage charging current is relatively high, leading to a significant temperature increase in the lithium battery. Allowing the battery to rest reduces this temperature, preventing accelerated aging and improving safety during charging.

[0093] Optionally, the second charging current mentioned above can be less than or equal to the critical lithium plating current. Since the second charging current is less than or equal to the critical lithium plating current, it can be ensured that the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is greater than or equal to the critical lithium plating potential during the second stage of charging.

[0094] In an optional embodiment of this application, the electronic device can determine the second charging current based on a preset second negative electrode potential, wherein the second negative electrode potential can be greater than or equal to the lithium plating critical potential.

[0095] In the embodiments of this application, the second negative electrode potential may be a potential value preset locally in the electronic device, or a potential value obtained by the electronic device according to the battery state of the lithium battery, or a negative electrode potential value of the lithium battery during the second stage of charging in the historical charging operation obtained by the electronic device.

[0096] The technical process by which an electronic device obtains the second negative electrode potential based on the state of the lithium battery is similar to that of obtaining the first negative electrode potential based on the state of the lithium battery, and will not be repeated here in the embodiments of this application. The method of obtaining the second negative electrode potential based on the state of the lithium battery can fully take into account various conditions such as lithium battery aging, making the obtained second negative electrode potential more accurate.

[0097] Furthermore, if the first negative electrode potential corresponding to each charging operation is different during the cyclic execution of the charging operation, then correspondingly, the second negative electrode potential corresponding to each charging operation can be different in the multiple cyclic executions. In this case, the second negative electrode potential corresponding to each charging operation in the multiple cyclic executions is negatively correlated with the execution order of each charging operation in the cyclic process.

[0098] In other words, it is possible to control the second negative electrode potential to be smaller (i.e. closer to the lithium plating critical potential) for the later charging operation is executed in the cycle. For example, the second negative electrode potential corresponding to the 100th charging operation is smaller than the second negative electrode potential corresponding to the 99th charging operation.

[0099] In one possible implementation, the second charging current remains constant during the second stage of charging, and correspondingly, the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery also remains constant during the second stage of charging.

[0100] Ensuring that the second charging current remains constant during the second stage of charging can reduce the control complexity of the second stage of charging and reduce the amount of computation required by the electronic device during the second stage of charging.

[0101] In another possible implementation, during the second stage of charging, the second charging current is increased, wherein the second charging current can be increased from a third current value to a fourth current value during the second stage of charging. Correspondingly, during the second stage of charging, the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery can be reduced from a first potential to a second potential.

[0102] Optionally, in the embodiments of this application, the second charging current can increase linearly from the third current value to the fourth current value, or it can increase non-linearly from the third current value to the fourth current value. That is, during the second stage of charging, the rate of change of the second charging current can remain constant or change. For example, the rate of change of the second charging current can gradually decrease or gradually increase. The embodiments of this application do not specifically limit this.

[0103] Correspondingly, during the second stage of charging, the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery can decrease linearly from the first potential to the second potential, or it can decrease non-linearly from the first potential to the second potential. That is, during the second stage of charging, the rate of change of the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery can remain constant or it can change. For example, the rate of change of the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery can gradually decrease or gradually increase. This application does not specifically limit this.

[0104] Please refer to Figure 4 It illustrates an exemplary flowchart for determining a first charging current provided in an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the technical process includes the following steps:

[0105] Step 401: The electronic device charges the lithium battery based on the first initial charging current.

[0106] The magnitude of the first initial charging current can be preset in the electronic device.

[0107] Step 402: During the charging process, the electronic device detects the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery.

[0108] Optionally, there are multiple ways for electronic devices to detect the negative electrode potential of lithium batteries. Below, this application embodiment will provide three exemplary methods for detecting the negative electrode potential of lithium batteries:

[0109] The first type is a reference electrode that can be installed inside the lithium battery. For example, the reference electrode can be a lithium-plated copper wire. The electronic device can detect the voltage between the negative electrode of the lithium battery and the reference electrode, and use the detected voltage as the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery.

[0110] The second method involves using the charging current and charging time over a period of time to calculate the increase in the lithium battery capacity and measure the increase in the lithium battery voltage over that period. Based on this increase in battery capacity and voltage, the electronic device can calculate the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery.

[0111] The third method involves an electronic device acquiring a pre-established lithium battery model and measuring the battery voltage, temperature, and charging current. The electronic device can then input the measured battery voltage, temperature, and charging current into the battery model to calculate the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery.

[0112] Step 403: The electronic device adjusts the first initial charging current based on the difference between the first negative electrode potential and the detected negative electrode potential of the lithium battery to obtain the first charging current.

[0113] In this embodiment of the application, the electronic device can detect the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery in real time or periodically during the charging process. After detecting the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery, it determines the difference between the first negative electrode potential and the detected negative electrode potential of the lithium battery. Then, it adjusts the first initial charging current according to the difference until the detected negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is consistent with the first negative electrode potential. At this time, the first charging current can be obtained.

[0114] Please refer to Figure 5 It illustrates a flowchart of an exemplary technical process for the first stage charging of a lithium battery, as provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 5 As shown, the technical process includes the following steps:

[0115] Step 501: The electronic device obtains the preset first charging time.

[0116] The first charging time can be preset in the electronic device. In an optional embodiment of this application, the electronic device can have a preset correspondence between the charging time and the negative electrode potential. The electronic device can query the correspondence based on the negative electrode potential corresponding to the first stage of charging and obtain the first charging time based on the query result.

[0117] In addition, the preset first charging time can be determined based on the first negative electrode potential and preset lithium plating conditions. The preset lithium plating conditions include the ability of the lithium element deposited by the lithium battery to be completely converted into lithium ions and returned to the positive electrode of the lithium battery after the lithium battery is discharged at a preset discharge rate.

[0118] It should be noted that this preset discharge rate can be the maximum discharge rate of the lithium battery.

[0119] In an optional embodiment of this application, the method of determining whether all elemental lithium has been converted into lithium ions may include: disassembling the lithium battery in an inert atmosphere, and then observing whether there are spots or lithium metal on the surface of the negative electrode using a scanning electron microscope.

[0120] Step 502: The electronic device performs the first stage of charging of the lithium battery according to the first charging time.

[0121] Please refer to Figure 6 It illustrates a flowchart of an exemplary technical process for second-stage charging of a lithium battery according to an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 6 As shown, the technical process includes the following steps:

[0122] Step 601: The electronic device charges the lithium battery based on the second initial charging current.

[0123] The magnitude of the second initial charging current can be preset in the electronic device.

[0124] Step 602: During the charging process, the electronic device detects the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery.

[0125] The technical process for detecting the negative electrode potential of a lithium battery in electronic devices is the same as described above, and will not be repeated here in the embodiments of this application.

[0126] Step 603: The electronic device adjusts the second initial charging current based on the difference between the second negative electrode potential and the detected negative electrode potential of the lithium battery to obtain the second charging current.

[0127] Similar to the above, in this embodiment of the application, the electronic device can detect the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery in real time or periodically during the charging process. After detecting the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery, it determines the difference between the second negative electrode potential and the detected negative electrode potential of the lithium battery. Then, it adjusts the second initial charging current according to the difference until the detected negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is the same as the second negative electrode potential. At this time, the second charging current can be obtained.

[0128] Please refer to Figure 7 It illustrates a flowchart of an exemplary technical process for second-stage charging of a lithium battery according to an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 7 As shown, the technical process includes the following steps:

[0129] Step 701: The electronic device obtains the preset second charging duration.

[0130] The second charging duration can be preset in the electronic device. In an optional embodiment of this application, the electronic device can have a preset correspondence between charging duration and negative electrode potential. The electronic device can query the correspondence based on the negative electrode potential corresponding to the second stage of charging and obtain the second charging duration based on the query result.

[0131] The second charging time is determined based on the second negative electrode potential, the first negative electrode potential, the first charging time of the first stage of charging, and the preset lithium element elimination conditions. The preset lithium element elimination conditions include converting all the lithium element deposited in the first stage of charging into lithium ions that are embedded in the negative electrode of the lithium battery.

[0132] As mentioned above, methods to determine whether all elemental lithium has been converted into lithium ions may include: disassembling the lithium battery in an inert atmosphere and then observing the surface of the negative electrode for blemishes or lithium metal using a scanning electron microscope.

[0133] It should be noted that, in order to ensure that all the lithium elements deposited in the first stage of charging are converted into lithium ions and embedded in the negative electrode of the lithium battery, the value obtained by integrating the negative electrode potential corresponding to the second stage of charging based on the second charging time needs to be greater than the value obtained by integrating the negative electrode potential corresponding to the first stage of charging based on the first charging time.

[0134] Step 702: The electronic device performs a second stage of charging on the lithium battery according to the second charging duration.

[0135] Please refer to Figure 8 It illustrates a flowchart of an exemplary charging operation process provided in this embodiment, such as... Figure 8 As shown, the charging operation includes the following steps:

[0136] Step 801: The electronic device charges the lithium battery based on the first initial charging current.

[0137] Step 802: During the charging process, the electronic device detects the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery.

[0138] Step 803: The electronic device adjusts the first initial charging current according to the difference between the preset first negative electrode potential and the detected negative electrode potential of the lithium battery until the detected negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is consistent with the first negative electrode potential, thus obtaining the first charging current.

[0139] The first negative electrode potential can be less than or equal to the lithium plating critical potential, and this first negative electrode potential is positively correlated with the execution order of the currently executed charging operation in the cycle. The first charging current can be greater than or equal to the lithium plating critical current, and this first charging current is negatively correlated with the execution order of the currently executed charging operation in the cycle.

[0140] Step 804: The electronic device obtains the preset first charging time.

[0141] The first charging time is determined based on the first negative electrode potential and preset lithium plating conditions. The preset lithium plating conditions include the ability of the lithium element deposited by the lithium battery to be completely converted into lithium ions and returned to the positive electrode of the lithium battery after the lithium battery is discharged at a preset discharge rate.

[0142] Step 805: The electronic device charges the lithium battery based on the first charging current for a first charging time to complete the first stage of charging.

[0143] Wherein, the first charging current remains constant during the first stage of charging; or, the first charging current decreases from a first current value to a second current value during the first stage of charging.

[0144] Step 806: The electronic device charges the lithium battery based on the second initial charging current.

[0145] Step 807: During the charging process, the electronic device detects the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery.

[0146] Step 808: The electronic device adjusts the second initial charging current according to the difference between the preset second negative electrode potential and the detected negative electrode potential of the lithium battery until the detected negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is consistent with the second negative electrode potential, thus obtaining the second charging current.

[0147] The second negative electrode potential can be greater than or equal to the lithium plating critical potential, and this second negative electrode potential is negatively correlated with the execution order of the currently executed charging operation in the cycle. The second charging current can be less than or equal to the lithium plating critical current, and this second charging current is positively correlated with the execution order of the currently executed charging operation in the cycle.

[0148] Step 809: The electronic device obtains the preset second charging duration.

[0149] The second charging time is determined based on the second negative electrode potential, the first negative electrode potential, the first charging time, and the preset lithium element elimination conditions. The preset lithium element elimination conditions include converting all the lithium element deposited in the first stage of charging into lithium ions that are embedded in the negative electrode of the lithium battery.

[0150] Step 810: The electronic device charges the lithium battery based on the second charging current for a second charging time to complete the second stage of charging. Then, the electronic device returns to execute 801 until the charging cutoff condition is met.

[0151] The second charging current remains constant during the second stage of charging; or, the second charging current increases from the third current value to the fourth current value during the second stage of charging.

[0152] Please refer to Figure 9 The diagram illustrates a block diagram of a charging device 900 according to an embodiment of this application, which can be configured in the electronic device described above. Figure 9 As shown, the charging device 900 may include a charging module 901.

[0153] The charging module 901 is used to perform multiple charging operations on the lithium battery in cycles until the charging cutoff condition is met.

[0154] The charging module 901 includes:

[0155] The charging unit 9011 is used to perform a first stage of charging on the lithium battery using a first charging current.

[0156] The processing unit 9012 is used to increase the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery after the first stage of charging is completed. At the end of the first stage of charging, the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is less than or equal to the critical lithium plating potential.

[0157] In one optional embodiment of this application, the first charging current is kept constant during the first stage of charging; or, the first charging current is reduced during the first stage of charging.

[0158] In an optional embodiment of this application, the charging unit 9011 is specifically used for: charging the lithium battery based on a first initial charging current; detecting the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery during the charging process; and adjusting the first initial charging current according to the difference between a preset first negative electrode potential and the detected negative electrode potential of the lithium battery, thereby obtaining the first charging current.

[0159] In one optional embodiment of this application, the first negative electrode potential corresponding to each charging operation is different in the multiple charging operations performed cyclically.

[0160] In an optional embodiment of this application, the charging unit 9011 is specifically used to: charge the lithium battery in the first stage using the first charging current according to a preset first charging time, wherein the first charging time is determined based on the first negative electrode potential and preset lithium plating conditions.

[0161] In an optional embodiment of this application, the processing unit 9012 is specifically configured to: increase the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery and control the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery to remain unchanged; or, increase the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery and control the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery to decrease from a first potential to a second potential.

[0162] In an optional embodiment of this application, the processing unit 9012 is specifically configured to: perform a second-stage charging of the lithium battery using a second charging current, the second charging current being less than the first charging current; or, perform a resting treatment on the lithium battery; or, perform a discharging treatment on the lithium battery.

[0163] In one optional embodiment of this application, the second charging current is kept constant during the second stage of charging; or,

[0164] During the second stage of charging, the second charging current is increased.

[0165] In an optional embodiment of this application, the processing unit 9012 is specifically used for: charging the lithium battery based on a second initial charging current; detecting the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery during the charging process; and adjusting the second initial charging current according to the difference between the preset second negative electrode potential and the detected negative electrode potential of the lithium battery to obtain the second charging current.

[0166] In one optional embodiment of this application, the second negative electrode potential corresponding to each charging operation is different in the multiple charging operations performed cyclically.

[0167] In an optional embodiment of this application, the processing unit 9012 is specifically used to: perform the second stage charging of the lithium battery using the second charging current according to the preset second charging time, wherein the second charging time is determined based on the second negative electrode potential, the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery in the first stage charging, the first charging time of the first stage charging, and the preset lithium element elimination conditions.

[0168] In one optional embodiment of this application, the charging cutoff condition includes: the battery voltage reaching the charging cutoff voltage of the constant current charging stage.

[0169] The charging device provided in this application embodiment can implement the above method embodiment, and its implementation principle and technical effect are similar, so it will not be described again here.

[0170] Specific limitations regarding the charging device can be found in the limitations regarding the charging method described above, and will not be repeated here. Each module in the aforementioned charging device can be implemented entirely or partially through software, hardware, or a combination thereof. These modules can be embedded in the processor of the electronic device in hardware form or independently of it, or stored in the memory of the electronic device in software form, so that the processor can call and execute the operations corresponding to each module.

[0171] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of an electronic device in one embodiment. For example... Figure 10 As shown, the electronic device includes a processor and a memory connected via a system bus. The processor provides computing and control capabilities to support the operation of the entire electronic device. The memory may include non-volatile storage media and internal memory. The non-volatile storage media stores an operating system and computer programs. These computer programs can be executed by the processor to implement a charging method provided in the various embodiments described above. The internal memory provides a cached operating environment for the operating system and computer programs in the non-volatile storage media.

[0172] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 10 The structure shown is merely a block diagram of a portion of the structure related to the present application and does not constitute a limitation on the electronic device to which the present application is applied. The specific electronic device may include more or fewer components than shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0173] In one embodiment of this application, an electronic device is provided, comprising a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to perform the following steps:

[0174] The lithium battery is cycled and charged multiple times until the charging cutoff condition is met.

[0175] The charging operation includes:

[0176] The lithium battery is charged in the first stage using the first charging current. After the first stage of charging is completed, the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is increased. At the end of the first stage of charging, the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is less than or equal to the critical lithium plating potential.

[0177] In one embodiment of this application, the first charging current is kept constant during the first stage of charging; or, the first charging current is reduced during the first stage of charging.

[0178] In one embodiment of this application, when the processor executes the computer program, it further implements the following steps: charging the lithium battery based on a first initial charging current; detecting the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery during the charging process; adjusting the first initial charging current according to the difference between the preset first negative electrode potential and the detected negative electrode potential of the lithium battery, thereby obtaining the first charging current.

[0179] In one embodiment of this application, the first negative electrode potential corresponding to each charging operation is different in the multiple charging operations performed cyclically.

[0180] In one embodiment of this application, when the processor executes the computer program, it further implements the following steps: charging the lithium battery in the first stage using the first charging current according to a preset first charging time, wherein the first charging time is determined based on the first negative electrode potential and preset lithium plating conditions.

[0181] In one embodiment of this application, when the processor executes the computer program, it further implements the following steps: increasing the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery and controlling the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery to remain unchanged; or, increasing the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery and controlling the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery to decrease from a first potential to a second potential.

[0182] In one embodiment of this application, when the processor executes the computer program, it further performs the following steps: charging the lithium battery in a second stage using a second charging current, the second charging current being less than the first charging current; or, placing the lithium battery in a static state; or, discharging the lithium battery.

[0183] In one embodiment of this application, the second charging current is kept constant during the second stage of charging; or, the second charging current is increased during the second stage of charging.

[0184] In one embodiment of this application, when the processor executes the computer program, it further implements the following steps: charging the lithium battery based on a second initial charging current; detecting the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery during the charging process; adjusting the second initial charging current according to the difference between the preset second negative electrode potential and the detected negative electrode potential of the lithium battery to obtain the second charging current.

[0185] In one embodiment of this application, the second negative electrode potential corresponding to each of the multiple charging operations performed in a loop is different.

[0186] In one embodiment of this application, when the processor executes the computer program, it further implements the following steps: according to a preset second charging time, the lithium battery is charged in the second stage using the second charging current, wherein the second charging time is determined based on the second negative electrode potential, the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery in the first stage charging, the first charging time of the first stage charging, and the preset lithium element elimination conditions.

[0187] In one embodiment of this application, the charging cutoff condition includes: the battery voltage reaching the charging cutoff voltage of the constant current charging stage.

[0188] The electronic device provided in this application embodiment has a similar implementation principle and technical effect to the above method embodiment, and will not be described again here.

[0189] In one embodiment of this application, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, it performs the following steps:

[0190] The lithium battery is cycled and charged multiple times until the charging cutoff condition is met.

[0191] The charging operation includes:

[0192] The lithium battery is charged in the first stage using the first charging current. After the first stage of charging is completed, the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is increased. At the end of the first stage of charging, the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is less than or equal to the critical lithium plating potential.

[0193] In one embodiment of this application, the first charging current is kept constant during the first stage of charging; or, the first charging current is reduced during the first stage of charging.

[0194] In one embodiment of this application, when the computer program is executed by the processor, it further implements the following steps: charging the lithium battery based on a first initial charging current; detecting the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery during the charging process; adjusting the first initial charging current according to the difference between the preset first negative electrode potential and the detected negative electrode potential of the lithium battery, thereby obtaining the first charging current.

[0195] In one embodiment of this application, the first negative electrode potential corresponding to each of the multiple charging operations performed in a loop is different.

[0196] In one embodiment of this application, when the computer program is executed by the processor, it further implements the following steps: charging the lithium battery in the first stage using the first charging current according to a preset first charging time, wherein the first charging time is determined based on the first negative electrode potential and preset lithium plating conditions.

[0197] In one embodiment of this application, when the computer program is executed by the processor, it further implements the following steps: increasing the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery and controlling the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery to remain unchanged; or, increasing the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery and controlling the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery to decrease from a first potential to a second potential.

[0198] In one embodiment of this application, when the computer program is executed by the processor, it further implements the following steps: performing a second stage of charging on the lithium battery using a second charging current, the second charging current being less than the first charging current; or, subjecting the lithium battery to a resting state; or, discharging the lithium battery.

[0199] In one embodiment of this application, the second charging current is kept constant during the second stage of charging; or, the second charging current is increased during the second stage of charging.

[0200] In one embodiment of this application, when the computer program is executed by the processor, it further implements the following steps: charging the lithium battery based on a second initial charging current; detecting the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery during the charging process; adjusting the second initial charging current according to the difference between the preset second negative electrode potential and the detected negative electrode potential of the lithium battery to obtain the second charging current.

[0201] In one embodiment of this application, the second negative electrode potential corresponding to each of the multiple charging operations performed in a loop is different.

[0202] In one embodiment of this application, when the computer program is executed by the processor, it further implements the following steps: according to a preset second charging time, the lithium battery is charged in the second stage using the second charging current, wherein the second charging time is determined based on the second negative electrode potential, the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery in the first stage charging, the first charging time of the first stage charging, and the preset lithium element elimination conditions.

[0203] In one embodiment of this application, the charging cutoff condition includes: the battery voltage reaching the charging cutoff voltage of the constant current charging stage.

[0204] The computer-readable storage medium provided in this embodiment is similar in principle and technical effect to the method embodiment described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0205] The following is a brief description of the technical process of charging an electronic device, which includes the following steps.

[0206] Step A: During the constant current charging stage, the lithium battery is charged using the first charging current for a first charging time. At the end of the first charging time, the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is less than or equal to the critical lithium plating potential.

[0207] As mentioned above, the charging process of a lithium battery generally includes a constant current charging stage and a constant voltage charging stage. In the constant current charging stage, a relatively constant charging current can be used to charge the lithium battery. During the constant current charging stage, the battery voltage of the lithium battery gradually increases. When the battery voltage of the lithium battery reaches a certain voltage threshold, it can be considered that the lithium battery meets the switching conditions for switching from the constant current charging stage to the constant voltage charging stage. At this time, it can enter the constant voltage charging stage. In the constant voltage charging stage, a relatively constant charging voltage can be used to charge the lithium battery. During the constant voltage charging stage, the charging current continuously decreases until the charging current drops to a certain small value and charging stops.

[0208] In an optional embodiment of this application, the electronic device may charge the lithium battery for a first charging time using a first charging current during the constant current charging phase.

[0209] The first charging current can be greater than or equal to the critical lithium plating current value.

[0210] Since the first charging current is greater than or equal to the critical lithium plating current, at the end of the first charging period, the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is less than or equal to the critical lithium plating potential, where the critical lithium plating potential can be 0V.

[0211] Generally speaking, charging a lithium battery with a large initial charging current (greater than or equal to the critical lithium plating current) will cause the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery to be less than or equal to the critical lithium plating potential. When the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is less than or equal to the critical lithium plating potential, lithium ions may capture electrons at the negative electrode of the lithium battery to form elemental lithium, that is, lithium plating may occur. However, using a large initial charging current to charge the lithium battery can improve the charging efficiency of the lithium battery.

[0212] In an optional embodiment of this application, the electronic device can determine the first charging current based on a preset first negative electrode potential, wherein the first negative electrode potential may be less than or equal to the lithium plating critical potential.

[0213] In the embodiments of this application, the first negative electrode potential may be a potential value preset locally in the electronic device, or a potential value obtained by the electronic device according to the battery state of the lithium battery, or a potential value determined by the electronic device based on historical charging operations.

[0214] The technical process by which the electronic device obtains the first negative electrode potential based on the battery state of the lithium battery can be as follows: the electronic device queries a negative electrode potential database pre-installed locally on the electronic device based on the battery state of the lithium battery. The negative electrode potential database stores multiple correspondences between the battery state of the lithium battery and the negative electrode potential. The electronic device can use the queried negative electrode potential as the first negative electrode potential.

[0215] In addition, the technical process of obtaining the first negative electrode potential based on the battery state of the lithium battery can also be as follows: the electronic device sends the battery state of the lithium battery to the server, so that the server can query the negative electrode potential database based on the battery state of the lithium battery. The negative electrode potential database stores multiple correspondences between the battery state of the lithium battery and the negative electrode potential. The server can send the queried negative electrode potential to the electronic device, and the electronic device can use the negative electrode potential sent by the server as the first negative electrode potential.

[0216] It should be noted that the battery state of the lithium battery mentioned here may include: the temperature of the lithium battery, the battery voltage of the lithium battery, etc., and this application embodiment does not specifically limit these. The method of obtaining the first negative electrode potential based on the battery state of the lithium battery can fully take into account various conditions such as the aging of the lithium battery, so that the obtained first negative electrode potential is more accurate.

[0217] In one possible implementation, during the first charging current charging the lithium battery for a first charging time, the first charging current is kept constant. Correspondingly, during the first charging current charging the lithium battery for a first charging time, the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery also remains constant. Optionally, the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery can remain constant as described above.

[0218] It should be noted that, in the embodiments of this application, the concept of "remaining unchanged" should be interpreted broadly. That is, "remaining unchanged" can mean that it is always equal to a certain value, or it can mean that it always fluctuates around a certain value. Ensuring that the first charging current remains unchanged can reduce the complexity of charging control and reduce the amount of computation required by the electronic device during the charging process.

[0219] In another possible implementation, during the first charging time of the lithium battery using the first charging current, the first charging current is reduced. For example, the first charging current can be reduced from a first current value to a second current value. Correspondingly, during the first charging time, the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery can be increased from a third potential to a fourth potential. Both the third potential and the fourth potential can be less than or equal to the critical lithium plating potential. The third potential can be the first negative electrode potential mentioned above.

[0220] Optionally, in the embodiments of this application, the first charging current can be linearly reduced from the first current value to the second current value, or it can be non-linearly reduced from the first current value to the second current value. That is, during the first charging time, the rate of change of the first charging current can remain constant or change. For example, the rate of change of the first charging current can gradually decrease or gradually increase. The embodiments of this application do not specifically limit this.

[0221] Correspondingly, within the first charging duration, the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery can increase linearly from the third potential to the fourth potential, or it can increase non-linearly from the third potential to the fourth potential. That is, within the first charging duration, the rate of change of the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery can remain constant or it can change. For example, the rate of change of the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery can gradually decrease or gradually increase. This application does not specifically limit this.

[0222] By gradually decreasing the first charging current and gradually increasing the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery during the first charging period, the degree of lithium plating in the lithium battery can be gradually reduced during the first charging period. This helps to convert the lithium elemental deposited in the lithium battery during the first charging period into lithium ions for insertion into the negative electrode of the lithium battery in subsequent steps. This avoids the situation where the degree of lithium plating is so severe during the first charging period that it is impossible to convert all the deposited lithium elemental into lithium ions for insertion into the negative electrode of the lithium battery, thereby further ensuring that lithium plating does not occur in the lithium battery during the charging operation.

[0223] In an optional embodiment of this application, the first charging time can be determined based on the first negative electrode potential and preset lithium plating conditions. The preset lithium plating conditions include ensuring that all lithium elements deposited by the lithium battery are converted into lithium ions and returned to the positive electrode of the lithium battery after the lithium battery is discharged at a preset discharge rate. It should be noted that the preset discharge rate can be the maximum discharge rate of the lithium battery.

[0224] In an optional embodiment of this application, the method of determining whether all elemental lithium has been converted into lithium ions may include: disassembling the lithium battery in an inert atmosphere, and then observing whether there are spots or lithium metal on the surface of the negative electrode using a scanning electron microscope.

[0225] Step B: When it is determined that the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is higher than the critical potential for lithium plating, the lithium battery is charged using the second charging current.

[0226] The determination that the negative electrode potential of a lithium battery is higher than the critical lithium plating potential indicates that lithium plating has occurred in the lithium-ion battery. The inventors of this application have discovered that mild lithium plating is generally reversible. That is, the lithium element deposited in mild lithium plating can generally be converted back into lithium ions and inserted into the negative electrode of the lithium battery.

[0227] Therefore, when it is determined that the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is higher than the critical lithium plating potential, the lithium battery can be charged using a second charging current, thereby providing an environment for the lithium battery to convert the deposited elemental lithium into lithium ions that can be inserted into the negative electrode of the lithium battery, so that the elemental lithium deposited in the lithium battery within the first time period can be converted into lithium ions that can be inserted into the negative electrode of the lithium battery.

[0228] In an optional embodiment of this application, the second charging current may be less than the first charging current described above. Performing a second stage of charging the lithium battery can increase the charging time during the charging process, further improving the charging efficiency of the lithium battery.

[0229] Optionally, the second charging current mentioned above can be less than or equal to the critical lithium plating current. Since the second charging current is less than or equal to the critical lithium plating current, it can be ensured that the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is greater than or equal to the critical lithium plating potential during the second stage of charging.

[0230] In an optional embodiment of this application, the electronic device can determine the second charging current based on a preset second negative electrode potential, wherein the second negative electrode potential can be greater than or equal to the lithium plating critical potential.

[0231] In the embodiments of this application, the second negative electrode potential may be a potential value preset locally in the electronic device, or a potential value obtained by the electronic device according to the battery state of the lithium battery, or a negative electrode potential value determined by the electronic device based on historical charging operations.

[0232] The technical process by which an electronic device obtains the second negative electrode potential based on the state of the lithium battery is similar to that of obtaining the first negative electrode potential based on the state of the lithium battery, and will not be repeated here in the embodiments of this application. The method of obtaining the second negative electrode potential based on the state of the lithium battery can fully take into account various conditions such as lithium battery aging, making the obtained second negative electrode potential more accurate.

[0233] In one possible implementation, the second charging current is kept constant during the charging process of the lithium battery, thereby ensuring that the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery remains constant.

[0234] Maintaining a constant second charging current can reduce the complexity of charging control and decrease the amount of computation required by electronic devices during the charging process.

[0235] In another possible implementation, during the process of charging the lithium battery using the second charging current, the second charging current is increased, wherein the second charging current can be increased from a third current value to a fourth current value, and correspondingly, the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery can be decreased from a first potential to a second potential.

[0236] Optionally, in the embodiments of this application, the second charging current can increase linearly from the third current value to the fourth current value, or it can increase non-linearly from the third current value to the fourth current value. That is, the rate of change of the second charging current can remain constant or it can change. For example, the rate of change of the second charging current can gradually decrease or gradually increase. The embodiments of this application do not specifically limit this.

[0237] Correspondingly, the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery can decrease linearly from the first potential to the second potential, or it can decrease non-linearly from the first potential to the second potential. That is, the rate of change of the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery can remain constant or it can change. For example, the rate of change of the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery can gradually decrease or gradually increase. This application does not specifically limit this.

[0238] In one possible implementation, if the first charging current remains unchanged, then the second charging current also remains unchanged. By keeping the second charging current unchanged, the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery remains unchanged. Optionally, the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery can maintain a fifth potential unchanged. This fifth potential can be a potential value preset locally in the electronic device, a potential value obtained by the electronic device according to the battery state of the lithium battery, or a negative electrode potential value of the lithium battery after the negative electrode potential has been increased during the historical charging operation obtained by the electronic device.

[0239] The technical process by which the electronic device obtains the fifth potential based on the battery state of the lithium battery is the same as the technical process by which the electronic device obtains the first negative electrode potential based on the battery state of the lithium battery, and will not be described again in the embodiments of this application.

[0240] The method of obtaining the fifth potential based on the state of the lithium battery can fully take into account various conditions such as lithium battery aging, making the obtained fifth potential more accurate.

[0241] In another possible implementation, by reducing the first charging current, the second charging current is correspondingly increased, and the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery can be reduced from the first potential to the second potential.

[0242] Optionally, in the embodiments of this application, the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery can be linearly reduced from the first potential to the second potential, or it can be nonlinearly reduced from the first potential to the second potential. That is, the rate of change of the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery can remain constant or change. For example, the rate of change of the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery can gradually decrease or gradually increase. The embodiments of this application do not specifically limit this.

[0243] Similar to the above, in the embodiments of this application, the first potential and the second potential can be potential values ​​preset locally in the electronic device, potential values ​​obtained by the electronic device according to the battery state of the lithium battery, or negative potential obtained by the electronic device according to the historical charging operation process.

[0244] The technical process by which the electronic device obtains the first and second potentials based on the state of the lithium battery is similar to the technical process by which the electronic device obtains the first negative electrode potential based on the state of the lithium battery, and will not be repeated here in the embodiments of this application. Similarly, as described above, the method of obtaining the first and second potentials based on the state of the lithium battery can fully take into account various conditions such as the aging of the lithium battery, making the obtained first and second potentials more accurate.

[0245] In an optional embodiment of this application, the lithium battery is charged using a second charging current according to a preset second charging duration. The second charging duration is determined based on a second negative electrode potential, a first negative electrode potential, a first charging duration, and a preset lithium element elimination condition. This preset lithium element elimination condition includes the complete conversion of all lithium elements deposited within the first charging duration field into lithium ions that are then embedded in the negative electrode of the lithium battery.

[0246] As mentioned above, methods to determine whether all elemental lithium has been converted into lithium ions may include: disassembling the lithium battery in an inert atmosphere and then observing the surface of the negative electrode for blemishes or lithium metal using a scanning electron microscope.

[0247] It should be noted that, in order to ensure that all the lithium elements deposited during the first charging time are converted into lithium ions and embedded in the negative electrode of the lithium battery, the value obtained by integrating the negative electrode potential corresponding to the second stage of charging based on the second charging time needs to be greater than the value obtained by integrating the negative electrode potential corresponding to the first stage of charging based on the first charging time.

[0248] This application embodiment also provides an exemplary technical process for determining a first charging current, which includes the following steps:

[0249] Step A: The electronic device charges the lithium battery based on the first initial charging current.

[0250] The magnitude of the first initial charging current can be preset in the electronic device.

[0251] Step B: During the charging process, the electronic device detects the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery.

[0252] Optionally, there are multiple ways for electronic devices to detect the negative electrode potential of lithium batteries. Below, this application embodiment will provide three exemplary methods for detecting the negative electrode potential of lithium batteries:

[0253] The first type is a reference electrode that can be installed inside the lithium battery. For example, the reference electrode can be a lithium-plated copper wire. The electronic device can detect the voltage between the negative electrode of the lithium battery and the reference electrode, and use the detected voltage as the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery.

[0254] The second method involves using the charging current and charging time over a period of time to calculate the increase in the lithium battery capacity and measure the increase in the lithium battery voltage over that period. Based on this increase in battery capacity and voltage, the electronic device can calculate the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery.

[0255] The third method involves an electronic device acquiring a pre-established lithium battery model and measuring the battery voltage, temperature, and charging current. The electronic device can then input the measured battery voltage, temperature, and charging current into the battery model to calculate the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery.

[0256] Step C: The electronic device adjusts the first initial charging current based on the difference between the preset first negative electrode potential and the detected negative electrode potential of the lithium battery to obtain the first charging current.

[0257] In this embodiment of the application, the electronic device can detect the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery in real time or periodically during the charging process. After detecting the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery, it determines the difference between the first negative electrode potential and the detected negative electrode potential of the lithium battery. Then, it adjusts the first initial charging current according to the difference until the detected negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is consistent with the first negative electrode potential. At this time, the first charging current can be obtained.

[0258] This application also provides an exemplary technical process for determining a second charging current, which includes the following steps:

[0259] Step A: The electronic device charges the lithium battery based on the second initial charging current.

[0260] The magnitude of the second initial charging current can be preset in the electronic device.

[0261] Step B: During the charging process, the electronic device detects the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery.

[0262] The technical process for detecting the negative electrode potential of a lithium battery in electronic devices is the same as described above, and will not be repeated here in the embodiments of this application.

[0263] Step C: The electronic device adjusts the second initial charging current based on the difference between the second negative electrode potential and the detected negative electrode potential of the lithium battery to obtain the second charging current.

[0264] Similar to the above, in this embodiment of the application, the electronic device can detect the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery in real time or periodically during the charging process. After detecting the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery, it determines the difference between the second negative electrode potential and the detected negative electrode potential of the lithium battery. Then, it adjusts the second initial charging current according to the difference until the detected negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is the same as the second negative electrode potential. At this time, the second charging current can be obtained.

[0265] This application also provides a charging device that can be configured in the electronic device described above. The charging device may include a charging module.

[0266] The charging module is used to charge the lithium battery for a first charging time using a first charging current during the constant current charging stage. When the first charging time ends, the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is less than or equal to the critical lithium plating potential.

[0267] The charging module is also used to charge the lithium battery using a second charging current when it is determined that the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is higher than the critical lithium plating potential.

[0268] In an optional embodiment of this application, the charging module is specifically used to: keep the first charging current unchanged during the process of charging the lithium battery with the first charging current for a first charging time; or, reduce the first charging current during the process of charging the lithium battery with the first charging current for a first charging time.

[0269] In an optional embodiment of this application, the charging module is specifically used for: charging the lithium battery based on a first initial charging current; detecting the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery during the charging process; and adjusting the first initial charging current according to the difference between the preset first negative electrode potential and the detected negative electrode potential of the lithium battery to obtain the first charging current.

[0270] In an optional embodiment of this application, the first charging time is determined based on the first negative electrode potential and preset lithium plating conditions.

[0271] In an optional embodiment of this application, the charging module is specifically used for: charging the lithium battery based on a second initial charging current; detecting the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery during the charging process; and adjusting the second initial charging current according to the difference between the preset second negative electrode potential and the detected negative electrode potential of the lithium battery to obtain the second charging current.

[0272] In an optional embodiment of this application, the charging module is specifically used to: keep the second charging current constant during the process of charging the lithium battery with the second charging current; or to increase the second charging current during the process of charging the lithium battery with the second charging current.

[0273] In an optional embodiment of this application, the charging module is specifically used to: charge the lithium battery using the second charging current according to a preset second charging time, wherein the second charging time is determined based on the second negative electrode potential, the first negative electrode potential, the first charging time, and a preset lithium element elimination condition.

[0274] In an optional embodiment of this application, the critical lithium plating potential is less than or equal to 0V.

[0275] The charging device provided in this application embodiment can implement the above method embodiment, and its implementation principle and technical effect are similar, so it will not be described again here.

[0276] Specific limitations regarding the charging device can be found in the limitations regarding the charging method described above, and will not be repeated here. Each module in the aforementioned charging device can be implemented entirely or partially through software, hardware, or a combination thereof. These modules can be embedded in the processor of the electronic device in hardware form or independently of it, or stored in the memory of the electronic device in software form, so that the processor can call and execute the operations corresponding to each module.

[0277] In one embodiment of this application, an electronic device is provided, comprising a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to perform the following steps:

[0278] During the constant current charging phase, the lithium battery is charged for a first charging time using a first charging current. When the first charging time ends, the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is less than or equal to the critical lithium plating potential. When it is determined that the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is higher than the critical lithium plating potential, the lithium battery is charged using a second charging current.

[0279] In one embodiment of this application, when the processor executes the computer program, it further implements the following steps: keeping the first charging current unchanged during the process of charging the lithium battery with the first charging current for a first charging time; or, reducing the first charging current during the process of charging the lithium battery with the first charging current for a first charging time.

[0280] In one embodiment of this application, when the processor executes the computer program, it further implements the following steps: charging the lithium battery based on a first initial charging current; detecting the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery during the charging process; adjusting the first initial charging current according to the difference between the preset first negative electrode potential and the detected negative electrode potential of the lithium battery, thereby obtaining the first charging current.

[0281] In one embodiment of this application, the first charging time is determined based on the first negative electrode potential and preset lithium plating conditions.

[0282] In one embodiment of this application, when the processor executes the computer program, it further implements the following steps: charging the lithium battery based on a second initial charging current; detecting the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery during the charging process; adjusting the second initial charging current according to the difference between the preset second negative electrode potential and the detected negative electrode potential of the lithium battery to obtain the second charging current.

[0283] In one embodiment of this application, when the processor executes the computer program, it further implements the following steps: keeping the second charging current unchanged during the process of charging the lithium battery using the second charging current; or increasing the second charging current during the process of charging the lithium battery using the second charging current.

[0284] In one embodiment of this application, when the processor executes the computer program, it further implements the following steps: charging the lithium battery with the second charging current according to a preset second charging duration, wherein the second charging duration is determined based on the second negative electrode potential, the first negative electrode potential, the first charging duration, and a preset lithium element elimination condition.

[0285] In one embodiment of this application, the critical potential for lithium plating is less than or equal to 0V.

[0286] In one embodiment of this application, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, it performs the following steps:

[0287] During the constant current charging phase, the lithium battery is charged for a first charging time using a first charging current. When the first charging time ends, the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is less than or equal to the critical lithium plating potential. When it is determined that the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is higher than the critical lithium plating potential, the lithium battery is charged using a second charging current.

[0288] In one embodiment of this application, when the computer program is executed by the processor, it further implements the following steps: keeping the first charging current unchanged during the process of charging the lithium battery with the first charging current for a first charging time; or, reducing the first charging current during the process of charging the lithium battery with the first charging current for a first charging time.

[0289] In one embodiment of this application, when the computer program is executed by the processor, it further implements the following steps: charging the lithium battery based on a first initial charging current; detecting the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery during the charging process; adjusting the first initial charging current according to the difference between the preset first negative electrode potential and the detected negative electrode potential of the lithium battery, thereby obtaining the first charging current.

[0290] In one embodiment of this application, the first charging time is determined based on the first negative electrode potential and preset lithium plating conditions.

[0291] In one embodiment of this application, when the computer program is executed by the processor, it further implements the following steps: charging the lithium battery based on a second initial charging current; detecting the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery during the charging process; adjusting the second initial charging current according to the difference between the preset second negative electrode potential and the detected negative electrode potential of the lithium battery to obtain the second charging current.

[0292] In one embodiment of this application, when the computer program is executed by the processor, it further implements the following steps: keeping the second charging current unchanged during the process of charging the lithium battery with the second charging current; or increasing the second charging current during the process of charging the lithium battery with the second charging current.

[0293] In one embodiment of this application, when the computer program is executed by the processor, it further implements the following steps: charging the lithium battery with the second charging current according to a preset second charging duration, wherein the second charging duration is determined based on the second negative electrode potential, the first negative electrode potential, the first charging duration, and a preset lithium element elimination condition.

[0294] In one embodiment of this application, the critical potential for lithium plating is less than or equal to 0V.

[0295] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. When executed, the computer program can include the processes of the embodiments of the above methods. Any references to memory, storage, databases, or other media used in the embodiments provided in this application can include non-volatile and / or volatile memory. Non-volatile memory may include read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory may include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in M ​​forms, such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), dual data rate SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous link DRAM (SLDRAM), memory bus direct RAM (RDRAM), direct memory bus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and memory bus dynamic RAM (RDRAM), etc.

[0296] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0297] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A charging method, characterized in that, The method includes: The lithium battery is cycled and charged multiple times until the charging cutoff condition is met. The charging operation includes: The lithium battery is charged in the first stage using a first charging current. After the first stage of charging is completed, the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is increased. At the end of the first stage of charging, the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is less than or equal to the critical lithium plating potential.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the first stage of charging, the first charging current remains constant; or... During the first stage of charging, the first charging current is reduced.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The method further includes: The lithium battery is charged based on a first initial charging current; During the charging process, the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is detected; The first initial charging current is obtained by adjusting the first initial charging current based on the difference between the preset first negative electrode potential and the detected negative electrode potential of the lithium battery.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, In the multiple charging operations performed in a loop, the first negative electrode potential corresponding to each charging operation is different.

5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first stage of charging the lithium battery using the first charging current includes: According to a preset first charging time, the lithium battery is charged in the first stage using the first charging current, wherein the first charging time is determined based on the first negative electrode potential and preset lithium plating conditions.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of increasing the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery includes: The negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is increased, while the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is kept constant; or, The negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is increased, and the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is controlled to decrease from a first potential to a second potential.

7. The method according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that, The process of increasing the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery includes at least one of the following: The lithium battery is charged in a second stage using a second charging current, where the second charging current is less than the first charging current. The lithium battery is subjected to a static treatment. The lithium battery is discharged.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, During the second stage of charging, the second charging current remains constant; or, During the second stage of charging, the second charging current is increased.

9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The method further includes: The lithium battery is charged based on a second initial charging current; During the charging process, the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is detected; The second initial charging current is adjusted based on the difference between the preset second negative electrode potential and the detected negative electrode potential of the lithium battery to obtain the second charging current.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, In the multiple charging operations performed in a loop, the second negative electrode potential corresponding to each charging operation is different.

11. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The second stage of charging the lithium battery using the second charging current includes: According to the preset second charging time, the lithium battery is charged in the second stage using the second charging current. The second charging time is determined based on the second negative electrode potential, the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery in the first stage charging, the first charging time of the first stage charging, and the preset lithium element elimination conditions.

12. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The charging cutoff conditions include: The battery voltage has reached the charging cutoff voltage of the constant current charging stage.

13. A charging device, characterized in that, The device includes: The charging module is used to perform multiple charging operations on the lithium battery until the charging cutoff condition is met. The charging module includes: A charging unit is used to perform a first-stage charging of the lithium battery using a first charging current. The processing unit is used to increase the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery after the first stage of charging is completed. At the end of the first stage of charging, the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is less than or equal to the critical lithium plating potential.

14. An electronic device, characterized in that, It includes a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program that, when executed by the processor, implements the charging method as described in any one of claims 1 to 12.

15. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, It stores a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the charging method as described in any one of claims 1 to 12.

16. A charging method, characterized in that, The method includes: During the constant current charging phase, the lithium battery is charged using the first charging current for a first charging time. When the first charging time ends, the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is less than or equal to the critical lithium plating potential. When it is determined that the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is higher than the critical lithium plating potential, the lithium battery is charged using a second charging current.

17. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that, During the first charging time of charging the lithium battery using the first charging current, the first charging current is kept constant. or, During the first charging time of the lithium battery using the first charging current, the first charging current is reduced.

18. The method according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that, The method further includes: The lithium battery is charged based on a first initial charging current; During the charging process, the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is detected; The first initial charging current is obtained by adjusting the first initial charging current based on the difference between the preset first negative electrode potential and the detected negative electrode potential of the lithium battery.

19. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that, The first charging time is determined based on the first negative electrode potential and preset lithium plating conditions.

20. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that, The method further includes: The lithium battery is charged based on a second initial charging current; During the charging process, the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is detected; The second initial charging current is adjusted based on the difference between the preset second negative electrode potential and the detected negative electrode potential of the lithium battery to obtain the second charging current.

21. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that, During the process of charging the lithium battery using the second charging current, the second charging current is kept constant; or, During the process of charging the lithium battery using the second charging current, the second charging current is increased.

22. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that, The process of charging the lithium battery using a second charging current includes: The lithium battery is charged using the second charging current according to the preset second charging time, wherein the second charging time is determined based on the second negative electrode potential, the first negative electrode potential, the first charging time, and the preset lithium element elimination conditions.

23. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that, The critical potential for lithium plating is less than or equal to 0V.

24. A charging device, characterized in that, The device includes: A charging module is used to charge a lithium battery with a first charging current for a first charging time during the constant current charging stage. At the end of the first charging time, the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is less than or equal to the critical lithium plating potential. The charging module is also used to charge the lithium battery using a second charging current when it is determined that the negative electrode potential of the lithium battery is higher than a preset first negative electrode potential.

25. An electronic device, characterized in that, It includes a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program that, when executed by the processor, implements the charging method as described in any one of claims 16 to 23.

26. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, It stores a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the charging method as described in any one of claims 16 to 23.

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