Method for operating a methanol reforming hydrogen fuel cell emergency power system

Abstract

This invention discloses an operation method for an emergency power supply system for a methanol reforming hydrogen production fuel cell. It includes the following steps: obtaining the fuel consumption cost, equipment cost, operation and maintenance cost, and hydrogen storage cost of the emergency power supply system; establishing an objective function with the goal of minimizing the operating cost per unit time; establishing power constraints based on pre-allocated lithium battery power consumption and fuel cell power generation; establishing hydrogen storage capacity configuration constraints based on the hydrogen production per unit time of the methanol steam reforming hydrogen production reactor and the hydrogen consumption per unit time of the fuel cell, using the hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage device as an indicator; establishing optimization variable configuration constraints using the ratio of hydrogen production per unit time of the methanol steam reforming hydrogen production reactor to hydrogen consumption per unit time of the fuel cell as an indicator; and solving the objective function under these constraints to obtain the minimum cost operating parameters of the emergency power supply system. This invention enables the emergency power supply system to operate at the lowest cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fuel cell emergency power technology, and in particular to an operation method for a methanol reforming hydrogen fuel cell emergency power system. Background Technology

[0002] The new power system is characterized by its cleanliness, low carbon footprint, safety, and high efficiency. A stable power supply is fundamental to maintaining social operation and development; however, power system failures caused by natural disasters and power grid accidents are unavoidable. Emergency power supplies are core power equipment that ensures communication, repair, and medical power during power system failures, shortening outage time and reducing losses.

[0003] Fuel cells, as a novel type of power generation equipment, possess advantages such as high power generation efficiency, wide availability of fuel sources, and high-quality waste heat, attracting significant attention in the field of emergency power supplies. Hydrogen, as a clean and renewable energy source, can be obtained through methanol reforming reactors, considered an ideal on-site hydrogen production process. Using methanol steam reforming reactors as the core for hydrogen production, on-site hydrogen production in scenarios such as earthquake relief and field maintenance can provide hydrogen for fuel cells. This approach helps improve the economics of on-site hydrogen production for emergency power generation, reduces hydrogen production costs, and promotes the development of green and low-carbon emergency power supply hydrogen production technologies.

[0004] Current methanol reforming hydrogen fuel cell emergency power systems operate according to pre-set parameters, making it impossible for them to operate at the lowest possible cost. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a control method that enables methanol reforming hydrogen fuel cell emergency power systems to operate at the lowest possible cost, thereby reducing operating costs. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides an operation method for an emergency power supply system for methanol reforming to hydrogen fuel cells. This method can calculate the operating parameters of the emergency power supply system to operate at the lowest cost and control the operation of the emergency power supply system according to the calculated operating parameters, thereby greatly reducing the operating cost of the emergency power supply system.

[0006] To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] The present invention discloses an operation method for an emergency power supply system for a methanol reforming hydrogen production fuel cell. The emergency power supply system is used to supply power to emergency equipment. The emergency power supply system includes a fuel cell, a lithium battery, a hydrogen storage device, and a methanol steam reforming hydrogen production reactor. The hydrogen storage device includes a compressor, a high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder, and a low-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder. The method includes the following steps:

[0008] S1: Obtain the fuel consumption cost, equipment cost, operation and maintenance cost, and hydrogen storage cost of the emergency power system. With the goal of minimizing the operating cost of the emergency power system per unit time, establish an objective function.

[0009] S2: Based on the pre-equipped lithium battery power consumption and fuel cell power generation of the emergency power system, establish power constraints;

[0010] S3: Based on the hydrogen production rate E(t) per unit time of the methanol steam reforming hydrogen production reactor and the hydrogen consumption rate E1(t) per unit time of the fuel cell, establish hydrogen storage capacity configuration constraints with the amount of hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage device as the indicator.

[0011] S4: Using the ratio λ of the hydrogen production per unit time of the methanol steam reforming hydrogen production reactor to the hydrogen consumption per unit time of the fuel cell E1(t), establish the constraint conditions for the configuration of optimization variables;

[0012] S5: Solve the objective function under the constraints of power supply, hydrogen storage capacity configuration, and optimization variable configuration to obtain the lowest cost operating parameters of the emergency power system, and control the operation of the emergency power system according to the calculated lowest cost operating parameters.

[0013] Preferably, the objective function formula in step S1 is as follows:

[0014] M = m1 + m2 + m3 + m4

[0015] Where M is the operating cost of the emergency power system per unit time, m1 is the fuel consumption cost of the emergency power system per unit time, m2 is the equipment cost of the emergency power system per unit time, m3 is the hydrogen storage cost of the emergency power system per unit time, and m4 is the maintenance cost of the emergency power system per unit time.

[0016] Preferably, the expression for the fuel consumption cost m1 per unit time of the emergency power system is as follows:

[0017]

[0018]

[0019]

[0020] Where E1(t) is the amount of hydrogen consumed per unit time in the fuel cell, and S fuel (t) represents the cost of methanol consumed per unit time in the methanol steam reforming hydrogen production reactor, η represents the fuel cell power generation efficiency, LHV represents the lower heating value of hydrogen, and W ele (t) represents the electricity price per unit time, Q cmQ represents the charge amount of the lithium battery during the m-th cycle, where 0 < m ≤ n, and n represents the total number of charge cycles of the lithium battery. all V represents the total discharge capacity of a lithium battery over its entire lifecycle. B，m For lithium battery power, U C Let t be the charging voltage of the lithium battery, a be the degradation rate of the potassium battery, b be the depth of discharge of the potassium battery, c be the charge / discharge efficiency of the potassium battery, and t be the charging voltage of the lithium battery. load I is the continuous working time of a single lithium battery. load U is the operating current of the lithium battery. load This refers to the operating voltage of the lithium battery.

[0021] Preferably, the expression for the equipment cost m2 per unit time of the emergency power supply system is as follows:

[0022]

[0023] Where t is the operating time of the emergency power system, C0 is the price of the fuel cell, P0 is the backup power of the fuel cell, C1 is the price of the methanol steam reforming hydrogen production reactor, P1 is the hydrogen production power of the methanol steam reforming hydrogen production reactor, and C B，s For lithium battery prices, V B，need V is the backup power required for lithium batteries. B，m For lithium battery power, Q all This refers to the total discharge capacity of a lithium battery over its entire lifecycle.

[0024] Preferably, the expression for the hydrogen storage cost per unit time (m3) of the emergency power system is as follows:

[0025]

[0026] Where E(t) is the hydrogen production rate per unit time of the methanol steam reforming hydrogen production reactor, E1(t) is the hydrogen consumption per unit time of the fuel cell, and W ele (t) represents the electricity price per unit time, Q3(t) represents the power consumption of the compressor per unit time, T represents the planned backup power time of the emergency power system (the duration of a single power supply by the emergency power system), and L g For the lifespan of hydrogen storage cylinders (high-pressure and low-pressure hydrogen storage cylinders have the same lifespan), n L C represents the number of low-pressure hydrogen storage cylinders. L For the price of low-pressure hydrogen storage cylinders, n H C represents the number of high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinders. H Price of high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinders.

[0027] Preferably, the expression for the unit time operation and maintenance cost m4 of the emergency power supply system is as follows:

[0028]

[0029] Where ε is the operation and maintenance coefficient, D0 is the operation and maintenance cost of the fuel cell, D1 is the operation and maintenance cost of the methanol steam reforming hydrogen production reactor, D2 is the operation and maintenance cost of the lithium battery, D3 is the operation and maintenance cost of the hydrogen storage device, D4 ​​is the operation and maintenance cost of the pipeline, T is the planned backup power time of the emergency power system (the duration of a single power supply by the emergency power system), L is the design life of the emergency power system, and E P For labor costs, E e Cost of consumables.

[0030] Preferably, the formula for the power constraint condition in step S2 is as follows:

[0031]

[0032] Where Q1(t) is the electricity consumed per unit time by the emergency supply equipment before fuel cell power generation, Q2(t) is the electricity required per unit time during the start-up phase of the methanol steam reforming hydrogen production reactor, Q3(t) is the electricity consumed per unit time by the compressor, and Q... use Q(t) represents the electricity consumed per unit time after the fuel cell generates electricity, and Q(t) represents the electricity generated per unit time by the fuel cell. cm Q represents the charge amount of the lithium battery in the m-th cycle, where n represents the total number of charge cycles, 0 < m ≤ n. a1l This refers to the total discharge capacity of a lithium battery over its entire lifecycle.

[0033] Preferably, the formula for the hydrogen storage capacity configuration constraint in step S3 is as follows:

[0034]

[0035]

[0036] Where E(t) is the hydrogen production rate per unit time of the methanol steam reforming hydrogen production reactor, E1(t) is the hydrogen consumption per unit time of the fuel cell, and n L n represents the number of low-pressure hydrogen storage cylinders. H P represents the number of high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinders. L (t) represents the pressure per unit time of the low-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder, P H (t) represents the pressure per unit time of the high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder, V L For the capacity of the low-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder, V H Let T' be the capacity of the high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder, R be the hydrogen gas constant, β be the hydrogen gas compressibility factor, and T′ be the hydrogen gas compressibility factor. L (t) represents the thermodynamic temperature of the gas per unit time inside the low-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder, T′. H P(t) represents the thermodynamic temperature of the gas per unit time inside the high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder, P(t) represents the hydrogen pressure used by the fuel cell per unit time, α1 represents the pressure coefficient of the high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder, and α2 represents the pressure coefficient of the low-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder.

[0037] Preferably, the formula for the optimization variable configuration constraint in step S4 is as follows:

[0038] When λ < 1, the methanol steam reforming hydrogen production reactor supplies hydrogen to the fuel cell, and the excess hydrogen is transported by the compressor to the hydrogen storage device for storage. When λ ≥ 1, the methanol steam reforming hydrogen production reactor and the hydrogen storage device jointly supply hydrogen to the fuel cell.

[0039] The beneficial effects of this invention are: by comprehensively considering various optimization variables such as methanol steam reforming hydrogen production reactor, lithium battery, fuel cell, external grid electricity price, hydrogen consumption for emergency power generation, hydrogen compression, and hydrogen storage, the operating parameters of the emergency power system are calculated to operate at the lowest cost, and the operation of the emergency power system is controlled according to the calculated operating parameters, which greatly reduces the operating cost of the emergency power system. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of an embodiment;

[0041] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an emergency power supply system.

[0042] In the diagram: 1. Fuel cell, 2. Lithium battery, 3. Methanol steam reforming hydrogen production reactor, 4. Compressor, 5. High-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder, 6. Low-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below through embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0044] Example: This example describes the operation method of an emergency power supply system for a methanol reforming hydrogen fuel cell. The emergency power supply system is used to supply power to emergency equipment, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the emergency power system includes a fuel cell 1, a lithium battery 2, a hydrogen storage device, and a methanol steam reforming hydrogen production reactor 3. The hydrogen storage device includes a compressor 4, a high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder 5, and a low-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder 6. The first outlet of the methanol steam reforming hydrogen production reactor 3 is connected to the inlet of the fuel cell 1, and the second outlet of the reactor 3 is connected to the inlet of the compressor 4. The first outlet of the compressor 4 is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder 5, and the second outlet of the compressor 4 is connected to the inlet of the low-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder 6. The outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder 5 is connected to the inlet of the fuel cell 1, and the outlet of the low-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder 6 is connected to the inlet of the fuel cell 1. The lithium battery 2 is electrically connected to the methanol steam reforming hydrogen production reactor 3, the compressor 4, and the fuel cell 1, respectively. The fuel cell 1 is electrically connected to the methanol steam reforming hydrogen production reactor 3 and the compressor 4, respectively. Figure 1 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0045] S1: Obtain the fuel consumption cost, equipment cost, operation and maintenance cost, and hydrogen storage cost of the emergency power system. With the goal of minimizing the operating cost of the emergency power system per unit time, establish an objective function.

[0046] S2: Based on the pre-equipped lithium battery power consumption and fuel cell power generation of the emergency power system, establish power constraints;

[0047] S3: Based on the hydrogen production rate E(t) per unit time of the methanol steam reforming hydrogen production reactor and the hydrogen consumption rate E1(t) per unit time of the fuel cell, establish hydrogen storage capacity configuration constraints with the amount of hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage device as the indicator.

[0048] S4: Using the ratio λ of the hydrogen production per unit time of the methanol steam reforming hydrogen production reactor to the hydrogen consumption per unit time of the fuel cell E1(t), establish the constraint conditions for the configuration of optimization variables;

[0049] S5: The obstacle function method is used to handle the constraints of power supply, hydrogen storage capacity configuration, and optimization variable configuration. The objective function is solved by regression analysis algorithm to obtain the lowest cost operating parameters of the emergency power system. The operation of the emergency power system is controlled according to the calculated lowest cost operating parameters.

[0050] The objective function formula in step S1 is as follows:

[0051] M = m1 + m2 + m3 + m4

[0052] Where M is the operating cost of the emergency power system per unit time, m1 is the fuel consumption cost of the emergency power system per unit time, m2 is the equipment cost of the emergency power system per unit time, m3 is the hydrogen storage cost of the emergency power system per unit time, and m4 is the maintenance cost of the emergency power system per unit time.

[0053] The expression for the fuel consumption cost m1 per unit time of the emergency power system is as follows:

[0054]

[0055]

[0056]

[0057] Where E1(t) is the amount of hydrogen consumed per unit time in the fuel cell, and S fuel (t) represents the cost of methanol consumed per unit time in the methanol steam reforming hydrogen production reactor, η represents the fuel cell power generation efficiency, LHV represents the lower heating value of hydrogen, and W ele(t) represents the electricity price per unit time, Q cm Q represents the charge amount of the lithium battery during the m-th cycle, where 0 < m ≤ n, and n represents the total number of charge cycles of the lithium battery. all V represents the total discharge capacity of a lithium battery over its entire lifecycle. B，m For lithium battery power, U C Let t be the lithium battery charging voltage, a be the lithium battery degradation rate, b be the lithium battery depth of discharge, c be the lithium battery charge / discharge efficiency, and t be the lithium battery charging voltage. load I is the continuous working time of a single lithium battery. load U is the operating current of the lithium battery. load This refers to the operating voltage of the lithium battery.

[0058] The expression for the equipment cost m2 per unit time of an emergency power supply system is as follows:

[0059]

[0060] Where t is the operating time of the emergency power system, C0 is the price of the fuel cell, P0 is the backup power of the fuel cell, C1 is the price of the methanol steam reforming hydrogen production reactor, P1 is the hydrogen production power of the methanol steam reforming hydrogen production reactor, and C B，s For lithium battery prices, V B，need V is the backup power required for lithium batteries. B，m For lithium battery power, Q all This refers to the total discharge capacity of a lithium battery over its entire lifecycle.

[0061] The expression for the hydrogen storage cost per unit time (m³) of an emergency power system is as follows:

[0062]

[0063] Where E(t) is the hydrogen production rate per unit time of the methanol steam reforming hydrogen production reactor, E1(t) is the hydrogen consumption per unit time of the fuel cell, and W ele (t) represents the electricity price per unit time, Q3(t) represents the power consumption of the compressor per unit time, T represents the planned backup power time of the emergency power system (the duration of a single power supply by the emergency power system), and L g For the lifespan of hydrogen storage cylinders (high-pressure and low-pressure hydrogen storage cylinders have the same lifespan), n L C represents the number of low-pressure hydrogen storage cylinders. L For the price of low-pressure hydrogen storage cylinders, n H C represents the number of high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinders. H Price of high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinders.

[0064] The expression for the unit time maintenance cost (m4) of an emergency power supply system is as follows:

[0065]

[0066] Where ε is the operation and maintenance coefficient, D0 is the operation and maintenance cost of the fuel cell, D1 is the operation and maintenance cost of the methanol steam reforming hydrogen production reactor, D2 is the operation and maintenance cost of the lithium battery, D3 is the operation and maintenance cost of the hydrogen storage device, D4 ​​is the operation and maintenance cost of the pipeline, T is the planned backup power time of the emergency power system (single power supply duration of the emergency power system), L is the design life of the emergency power system, and E P For labor costs, E e Cost of consumables.

[0067] The formula for the energy constraint condition in step S2 is as follows:

[0068]

[0069] Where Q1(t) is the electricity consumed per unit time by the emergency supply equipment before fuel cell power generation, Q2(t) is the electricity required per unit time during the start-up phase of the methanol steam reforming hydrogen production reactor, Q3(t) is the electricity consumed per unit time by the compressor, and Q... use Q(t) represents the electricity consumed per unit time after the fuel cell generates electricity, and Q(t) represents the electricity generated per unit time by the fuel cell. cm Q represents the charge amount of the lithium battery in the m-th cycle, where n represents the total number of charge cycles, 0 < m ≤ n. all This refers to the total discharge capacity of a lithium battery over its entire lifecycle.

[0070] The formula for the hydrogen storage capacity configuration constraints in step S3 is as follows:

[0071]

[0072]

[0073] Where E(t) is the hydrogen production rate per unit time of the methanol steam reforming hydrogen production reactor, E1(t) is the hydrogen consumption per unit time of the fuel cell, and n L n represents the number of low-pressure hydrogen storage cylinders. H P represents the number of high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinders. L (t) represents the pressure per unit time of the low-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder, P H (t) represents the pressure per unit time of the high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder, V L For the capacity of the low-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder, V H Let T' be the capacity of the high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder, R be the hydrogen gas constant, β be the hydrogen gas compressibility factor, and T′ be the hydrogen gas compressibility factor. L (t) represents the thermodynamic temperature of the gas per unit time inside the low-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder, T′. H P(t) represents the thermodynamic temperature of the gas per unit time inside the high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder, P(t) represents the hydrogen pressure used by the fuel cell per unit time, α1 represents the pressure coefficient of the high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder, and α2 represents the pressure coefficient of the low-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder.

[0074] The formulas for the optimization variable configuration constraints in step S4 are as follows:

[0075] When λ < 1, the methanol steam reforming hydrogen production reactor supplies hydrogen to the fuel cell, and the excess hydrogen is transported by the compressor to the hydrogen storage device for storage. When λ ≥ 1, the methanol steam reforming hydrogen production reactor and the hydrogen storage device jointly supply hydrogen to the fuel cell.

[0076] In this scheme, when the emergency power system starts, the lithium battery provides the electrical energy required for the start-up phase of the methanol-water vapor reforming hydrogen production reactor. After the reactor starts, it supplies hydrogen to the fuel cell, which uses the hydrogen to generate electricity, powering the emergency equipment, the reactor, and charging the lithium battery. When the hydrogen production rate of the reactor exceeds the hydrogen consumption of the fuel cell, the compressor compresses the excess hydrogen and stores it in a high-pressure or low-pressure hydrogen storage tank. Initially, the lithium battery powers the compressor; after startup, the fuel cell powers the compressor.

[0077] This solution comprehensively considers various optimization variables such as methanol steam reforming hydrogen production reactor, lithium battery, fuel cell, external grid electricity price, hydrogen consumption for emergency power generation, hydrogen compression, and hydrogen storage. It calculates the operating parameters of the emergency power system to operate at the lowest cost and controls the operation of the emergency power system according to the calculated operating parameters, which greatly reduces the operating cost of the emergency power system.

Claims

1. A method for operating an emergency power supply system for a methanol reforming hydrogen production fuel cell, wherein the emergency power supply system is used to supply power to emergency equipment, the emergency power supply system includes a fuel cell, a lithium battery, a hydrogen storage device, and a methanol steam reforming hydrogen production reactor, the hydrogen storage device including a compressor, a high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder, and a low-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Obtain the fuel consumption cost, equipment cost, operation and maintenance cost, and hydrogen storage cost of the emergency power system. With the goal of minimizing the operating cost of the emergency power system per unit time, establish an objective function. S2: Based on the pre-equipped lithium battery power consumption and fuel cell power generation of the emergency power system, establish power constraints; S3: Based on the hydrogen production rate E(t) per unit time of the methanol steam reforming hydrogen production reactor and the hydrogen consumption rate E1(t) per unit time of the fuel cell, establish hydrogen storage capacity configuration constraints with the amount of hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage device as the indicator. The formula for the hydrogen storage capacity configuration constraints is as follows: ， ， Where E(t) is the hydrogen production rate per unit time of the methanol steam reforming hydrogen production reactor, E1(t) is the hydrogen consumption per unit time of the fuel cell, and n L n represents the number of low-pressure hydrogen storage cylinders. H P represents the number of high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinders. L (t) represents the pressure per unit time of the low-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder, P H (t) represents the pressure per unit time of the high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder, V L For the capacity of the low-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder, V H R is the capacity of the high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder, and R is the hydrogen gas constant. The compressibility factor for hydrogen gas. This represents the thermodynamic temperature of the gas per unit time inside the low-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder. P(t) represents the thermodynamic temperature of the gas inside the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank per unit time, and P(t) represents the hydrogen pressure used by the fuel cell per unit time. This refers to the pressure coefficient of the high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder. The pressure coefficient of the low-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder; S4: Using the ratio λ of the hydrogen production per unit time of the methanol steam reforming hydrogen production reactor to the hydrogen consumption per unit time of the fuel cell E1(t), establish the constraint conditions for the configuration of optimization variables; The formula for optimizing variable allocation constraints is as follows: When λ < 1, the methanol steam reforming hydrogen production reactor provides hydrogen to the fuel cell, and the excess hydrogen is transported by the compressor to the hydrogen storage device for storage. When λ ≥ 1, the methanol steam reforming hydrogen production reactor and the hydrogen storage device jointly provide hydrogen to the fuel cell. S5: Solve the objective function under the constraints of power supply, hydrogen storage capacity configuration, and optimization variable configuration to obtain the lowest cost operating parameters of the emergency power system, and control the operation of the emergency power system according to the calculated lowest cost operating parameters.

2. The operation method of the methanol reforming hydrogen fuel cell emergency power system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The objective function formula in step S1 is as follows: M = m1 + m2 + m3 + m4 Where M is the operating cost of the emergency power system per unit time, m1 is the fuel consumption cost of the emergency power system per unit time, m2 is the equipment cost of the emergency power system per unit time, m3 is the hydrogen storage cost of the emergency power system per unit time, and m4 is the maintenance cost of the emergency power system per unit time.

3. The operation method of the methanol reforming hydrogen fuel cell emergency power system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The expression for the fuel consumption cost m1 per unit time of the emergency power system is as follows: ， ， ， Where E1(t) is the amount of hydrogen consumed by the fuel cell per unit time. η represents the cost of methanol consumed per unit time in the methanol-steam reforming hydrogen production reactor, η is the fuel cell power generation efficiency, and LHV is the lower heating value of hydrogen. Q is the electricity price per unit time. cm Q represents the charge amount of the lithium battery during the m-th cycle, where 0 < m ≤ n, and n represents the total number of charge cycles of the lithium battery. all V represents the total discharge capacity of a lithium battery over its entire lifecycle. B,m For lithium battery power, U C Let t be the lithium battery charging voltage, a be the lithium battery degradation rate, b be the lithium battery depth of discharge, c be the lithium battery charge / discharge efficiency, and t be the lithium battery charging voltage. load I is the continuous working time of a single lithium battery. load U is the operating current of the lithium battery. load This refers to the operating voltage of the lithium battery.

4. The operation method of the methanol reforming hydrogen fuel cell emergency power system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The expression for the equipment cost m2 per unit time of the emergency power supply system is as follows: ， Where t is the operating time of the emergency power system, C0 is the price of the fuel cell, P0 is the backup power of the fuel cell, C1 is the price of the methanol steam reforming hydrogen production reactor, P1 is the hydrogen production power of the methanol steam reforming hydrogen production reactor, and C B,s For lithium battery prices, V B,need V is the backup power required for lithium batteries. B,m For lithium battery power, Q all This refers to the total discharge capacity of a lithium battery over its entire lifecycle.

5. The operation method of an emergency power supply system for methanol reforming to hydrogen fuel cells according to claim 2, characterized in that, The expression for the hydrogen storage cost per unit time (m3) of the emergency power system is as follows: ， Where E(t) is the hydrogen production rate per unit time of the methanol steam reforming hydrogen production reactor, and E1(t) is the hydrogen consumption per unit time of the fuel cell. Let Q3(t) be the electricity price per unit time, Q3(t) be the power consumption of the compressor per unit time, T be the planned backup power time of the emergency power system, and L be the power consumption per unit time. g For the lifespan of the hydrogen storage cylinder, n L C represents the number of low-pressure hydrogen storage cylinders. L For the price of low-pressure hydrogen storage cylinders, n H C represents the number of high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinders. H Price of high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinders.

6. The operation method of an emergency power supply system for a methanol reforming hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 2, characterized in that, The expression for the unit time operation and maintenance cost m4 of the emergency power supply system is as follows: ， in, The operation and maintenance coefficients are: D0 is the operation and maintenance cost of the fuel cell; D1 is the operation and maintenance cost of the methanol steam reforming hydrogen production reactor; D2 is the operation and maintenance cost of the lithium battery; D3 is the operation and maintenance cost of the hydrogen storage device; D4 is the operation and maintenance cost of the pipeline; T is the planned backup power time of the emergency power system; L is the design life of the emergency power system; and E is the maintenance cost of the fuel cell. P For labor costs, E e Cost of consumables.

7. The operation method of an emergency power supply system for a methanol reforming hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, characterized in that, The formula for the power constraint condition in step S2 is as follows: ， Where Q1(t) is the electricity consumed per unit time by the emergency supply equipment before fuel cell power generation, Q2(t) is the electricity required per unit time during the start-up phase of the methanol steam reforming hydrogen production reactor, Q3(t) is the electricity consumed per unit time by the compressor, and Q... use Q(t) represents the electricity consumed per unit time after the fuel cell generates electricity, and Q(t) represents the electricity generated per unit time by the fuel cell. cm This represents the charge amount of the lithium battery during the m-th cycle, where n represents the total number of charge cycles. <m≤n,Q all This refers to the total discharge capacity of a lithium battery over its entire lifecycle.

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