A solar photovoltaic and thermoelectric device integrated system

Abstract

The application discloses a solar photovoltaic and thermoelectric device coupling integrated system; through the connection of a buffer tank in a solar photovoltaic power generation module and an energy storage assembly, the waste heat generated by a heat exchanger after cold water collects photovoltaic panels is used, and the utilization of photovoltaic waste heat is completed; meanwhile, a thermoelectric heating and refrigeration assembly is connected with the buffer tank, the cold end and the hot end of the internal thermoelectric device are connected with the buffer tank respectively, cold and hot heat exchange can be realized through the buffer tank, and the heat energy in the system is fully utilized. The system generates electricity through the cold and hot temperature difference between the two ends of the two electric heating devices, realizes the secondary utilization and collection of cold and hot energy, utilizes the connection between the cold and hot water storage tanks and indoor heat exchangers in the energy storage assembly, directly achieves the effect of utilizing cold and hot water to reduce the indoor temperature, and the system adopts a simple structure, realizes indoor temperature reduction, cold and hot water circulation, photovoltaic waste heat collection through the coupling of multiple devices, reduces the power consumption, reduces the cost through secondary power generation, and saves energy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solar photovoltaic and thermoelectric integration technology, and in particular to an integrated system for coupling solar photovoltaic and thermoelectric devices. Background Technology

[0002] Photovoltaic-thermal-electric (PV / T) technology can utilize the waste heat behind photovoltaic panels, reduce the temperature of the photovoltaic panels, and improve their power generation efficiency. Therefore, PV / T technology has received widespread attention due to its ability to effectively increase module power. PV / T systems typically process the heat behind the photovoltaic panels using a heat pump. Heat pumps are highly efficient and can provide controllable hot water temperatures. Patents CN202110544927.1, CN 206211645 U, and CN 113028480 A all utilize heat pumps to process and utilize the waste heat behind photovoltaic panels. However, heat pump systems suffer from several drawbacks, including highly dependent operating efficiency on environmental factors, inability to provide a cold source, complex structure, the need for regular maintenance of mechanical components, high vibration and noise levels, and the risk of refrigerant leakage. With the maturity of thermoelectric device technology, thermoelectric devices have been applied to PV / T systems. However, currently, the application of thermoelectric devices is mainly for thermal power generation. For example, CN202111075114.9 describes installing thermoelectric devices behind photovoltaic panels to generate electricity, while patent CN202011599322.4 describes extracting waste heat from behind photovoltaic panels through heat pipes and then using thermoelectric devices to generate electricity. These solutions directly generate electricity from waste heat, improving the utilization rate of solar energy. However, because thermoelectric devices have extremely low power generation efficiency under small temperature differences, their utilization of low-grade heat energy is not a very good approach. Another way to utilize photovoltaic waste heat through thermoelectric devices is to use the thermoelectric device as a heat pump. This avoids the drawbacks of heat pump components, such as complex structure and large vibration, while efficiently utilizing photovoltaic waste heat. Although patents CN 104848580 A and CN 108224639 A combine photovoltaic panels with thermoelectric devices, they do not collect and utilize the waste heat from photovoltaic power generation, and therefore do not improve the overall energy utilization rate. Patents CN 103453604 A and CN204438387 U recover both light and heat energy, but they can only cool the indoor environment and cannot separate the use of heat and cold energy, nor can they meet the needs of families for year-round comfort. Therefore, existing systems suffer from complex structures, difficult maintenance, and high costs, hindering widespread adoption. Furthermore, their energy efficiency is low, the system structure needs improvement, and they cannot provide residents with a continuous and comfortable energy experience.

[0003] For example, a "Solar Combined Heat and Cooling System" disclosed in Chinese patent literature, publication number CN104362974A, mainly consists of a concentrator, photovoltaic cells, a heat circulation pump, a thermal storage tank, a cold storage tank, a cold circulation pump, a cooler, a semiconductor refrigeration chip, a heat exchanger, and a medium. Its characteristic is that it directly uses the electricity generated by solar energy for heating and cooling, achieving two purposes at once and improving the overall efficiency of solar energy utilization. It can utilize a large amount of solar energy to provide a large amount of heat and cooling energy for people's production and daily life. It can use solar energy for heating and cooling in areas with good sunshine and is suitable for industrial and agricultural production as well as for heating and cooling in people's daily lives. While this system collects electrical and thermal energy and stores hot and cold water, it lacks a buffer device, meaning the system is highly dependent on solar energy and cannot effectively coordinate energy utilization. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention addresses the problems of existing systems, such as complex structure, difficult maintenance, high cost, and ineffective utilization of photovoltaic waste heat and separation of thermal and cold energy. It provides an integrated solar photovoltaic and thermoelectric device coupling system. The system connects the solar photovoltaic power generation module and the buffer tank in the energy storage component, using cold water to collect waste heat generated by the heat exchanger behind the photovoltaic panels, thus utilizing the photovoltaic waste heat. Simultaneously, the thermoelectric heating and cooling component is connected to the buffer tank, with the hot and cold ends of the internal thermoelectric devices connected to the buffer tank respectively, enabling heat exchange and fully utilizing the system's thermal energy. Furthermore, the system utilizes the temperature difference between the two heating elements to generate electricity, achieving secondary utilization and collection of thermal energy, saving energy, protecting the environment, and reducing user electricity costs. By connecting the hot and cold water storage tanks between the energy storage components and the indoor heat exchanger, the system directly achieves indoor cooling using hot and cold water. This system employs a simple structure, and through multi-device coupling, it can simultaneously achieve indoor cooling, hot and cold water circulation, and photovoltaic waste heat collection, reducing power consumption while lowering costs and saving energy through secondary power generation.

[0005] The above-mentioned technical problems of the present invention are mainly solved by the following technical solutions:

[0006] An integrated system coupling solar photovoltaic and thermoelectric devices, comprising:

[0007] The solar photovoltaic power generation module tracks the maximum power of solar photovoltaic power generation by adjusting its angle and conducts the solar energy to the energy storage battery module for storage;

[0008] Energy storage components, connected to solar photovoltaic power generation modules, are used to store hot and cold water, collect waste heat generated by solar photovoltaic power generation modules, and collect waste water between systems;

[0009] Thermoelectric heating and cooling components are installed between energy storage components; heat exchange between the hot and cold ends is achieved through the energy storage components.

[0010] Thermoelectric power generation components are connected to indoor heat exchangers, which generate electricity by utilizing the temperature difference between hot and cold water, and then transmit the electrical energy to energy storage battery components for storage, thus achieving secondary energy harvesting.

[0011] The indoor heat exchanger is connected to the energy storage unit and the thermoelectric power generation unit respectively; it uses hot and cold water to provide a cool or warm environment to the room.

[0012] The electrical control piping assembly is located between the various module components; the controller controls the operation of each component.

[0013] Energy storage battery modules are connected to solar photovoltaic power generation modules to draw power from the grid and store energy during off-peak hours.

[0014] By connecting the solar photovoltaic power generation modules and the buffer tank in the energy storage components, the system utilizes the waste heat generated by the heat exchanger behind the photovoltaic panels using cold water. Simultaneously, the thermoelectric heating and cooling components are connected to the buffer tank, with the hot and cold ends of the internal thermoelectric devices connected to the buffer tank respectively. This allows for heat exchange through the buffer tank, fully utilizing the system's thermal energy. Furthermore, the system generates its own electricity through the temperature difference between the two heating elements, achieving secondary utilization and collection of thermal energy, saving energy, protecting the environment, and reducing user electricity costs. By connecting the cold and hot water storage tanks between the energy storage components and the indoor heat exchanger, the system directly achieves indoor cooling using hot and cold water. With a simple structure, this system, through multi-component coupling, can simultaneously achieve indoor cooling, hot and cold water recycling, and photovoltaic waste heat collection, reducing power consumption while lowering costs and saving energy through secondary power generation.

[0015] Preferably, the solar photovoltaic power generation module includes: a solar photovoltaic module and a heat exchanger attached to the photovoltaic panel, the solar photovoltaic module connected to an inverter; the inverter connected to an energy storage battery module; a photovoltaic panel support mounted on the heat exchanger; and the solar photovoltaic module connected to a buffer tank of the energy storage module via a first water pump and a first solenoid valve. The buffer tank collects residual heat from the heat exchanger using cool water, while the inverter stores the collected electricity in the energy storage battery module. In addition to its inverter function, the inverter also has a maximum power tracking function for solar photovoltaic power generation. The photovoltaic panel support fixes the photovoltaic module to the ground and can automatically adjust its angle to actively track sunlight, maximizing radiation. The energy storage battery module can also draw power from the grid during off-peak hours for energy storage.

[0016] Preferably, the energy storage component includes: a buffer tank connected to a cold water storage tank and a hot water storage tank via a thermoelectric heating and cooling component; the thermoelectric heating and cooling component, from top to bottom, includes a first thermoelectric heat exchanger, a first thermoelectric element, and a first thermoelectric cold-end heat exchanger; the cold water storage tank is connected to an indoor heat exchanger via a fourth water pump and a fifth solenoid valve; the hot water storage tank is connected to the indoor heat exchanger via a third water pump and a third solenoid valve; the first thermoelectric heat exchanger is connected to the buffer tank via a first flow control valve and a second water pump; the second thermoelectric element is connected to the buffer tank via a second flow control valve and a second water pump. Through the interaction between the cold and hot ends of the first and second thermoelectric elements, heat exchange is possible. To enhance heat exchange, thermally conductive silicone grease or other fillers are added between the heat exchanger and the thermoelectric element. The hot water storage tank is also equipped with a heater. The water pump is turned off when the hot water storage tank is full. If the water temperature does not meet the usage requirements, the storage tank can be heated using electrical energy from the energy storage battery. Meanwhile, the cold water storage tank and hot water storage tank are connected to the indoor heat exchanger to provide heating or cooling for the room in winter or summer, and the buffer tank can collect the waste water after power generation for the next cycle.

[0017] Preferably, the thermoelectric power generation assembly includes, from top to bottom, a second thermoelectric device hot-end heat exchanger, a second thermoelectric device, and a second thermoelectric device cold-end heat exchanger; the second thermoelectric device hot-end heat exchanger is connected to the indoor heat exchanger via a fourth flow control valve, and the second thermoelectric device cold-end heat exchanger is connected to the indoor heat exchanger via a third flow control valve; the second thermoelectric device is connected to an inverter. During the heat exchange process, when a temperature difference is formed between the hot and cold ends of the second thermoelectric device, the second thermoelectric device begins to generate electricity, which can be transmitted to the inverter via wires, and then transferred to the energy storage battery by the inverter, realizing the secondary utilization of energy.

[0018] Preferably, the indoor heat exchanger is connected to the buffer tank via a sixth solenoid valve. When the sixth solenoid valve is opened, after power generation or when the indoor heat exchanger supplies heating or cooling to the room, the waste water flows back to the buffer tank. The indoor heat exchanger can be a coil-type heat exchanger installed under a wall or floor, or it can be an air conditioning structure such as a fan installed after the heat exchanger. Its characteristic is the exchange of heat or cooling within the system to the indoor space.

[0019] Preferably, the buffer tank, cold water storage tank, and hot water storage tank are equipped with level sensors and temperature sensors, which are respectively connected to a controller. The controller can determine the water level using the level sensor in the buffer tank. When the water level is too low, it opens the first solenoid valve to replenish the buffer tank with cold water. The controller can determine whether the water temperature meets the usage requirements using the temperature sensor in the buffer tank. When the water temperature meets the usage requirements, it closes the second solenoid valve.

[0020] Preferably, the system includes an energy-saving mode; the operation of the energy-saving mode is as follows:

[0021] The first water pump and the second solenoid valve are opened, and the cold water in the buffer tank passes through the heat exchanger behind the photovoltaic panels, absorbing heat from the solar photovoltaic modules. This lowers the temperature of the solar photovoltaic modules, improving their power generation efficiency, and also collects the waste heat from the modules into the buffer tank, which then receives water. The controller uses a temperature sensor to determine if the water temperature meets the usage requirements. If it does, the second water pump and the first flow control valve are opened, and the heated water flows into the hot water storage tank. Opening the third water pump, the fifth solenoid valve, and the sixth solenoid valve provides indoor heating and returns the waste water to the buffer tank. The controller uses a level sensor to determine the water level in the buffer tank. When the water level is too low, the first solenoid valve is opened to add cold water to the tank.

[0022] Preferably, the system includes a summer cooling power generation mode; the operation of the summer cooling power generation mode is as follows:

[0023] The first water pump and the second solenoid valve are opened, and the cold water in the buffer tank passes through the heat exchanger behind the photovoltaic panel, collecting the waste heat of the solar photovoltaic module into the buffer tank. The second water pump, the first flow control valve, and the second flow control valve are opened to supply power to the first thermoelectric device. The water flowing out of the buffer tank exchanges heat with the hot and cold ends of the first thermoelectric device in the hot end heat exchanger and the cold end heat exchanger of the first thermoelectric device, respectively, and becomes hot water and cold water, which then flow into the hot water storage tank and the cold water storage tank for storage. The fourth water pump and the fifth solenoid valve are opened, and the cold water enters the indoor heat exchanger. The third flow control valve is opened, and the cool water enters the cold end heat exchanger of the second thermoelectric device. The third water pump and the fourth flow control valve are opened, and the hot water enters the hot end heat exchanger of the second thermoelectric device. At this time, the hot water and cold water form a temperature difference at both ends of the second thermoelectric device, and the second thermoelectric device starts to generate electricity. The generated electricity is transmitted to the inverter through the wire, and after inversion, it is stored, realizing the secondary collection of energy. The waste water after power generation flows back to the buffer tank.

[0024] The controller can adjust the flow rate of the flow control valve according to the temperature of each water tank and the usage requirements, thereby achieving temperature control of the entire system.

[0025] Preferably, the system includes a winter heating mode; the operation of the winter heating mode is as follows:

[0026] The first water pump and the second solenoid valve are opened, and the cool water in the buffer tank passes through the heat exchanger behind the photovoltaic panel, collecting the waste heat of the solar photovoltaic module into the buffer tank. The second water pump, the first flow control valve, and the second flow control valve are opened to supply power to the first thermoelectric device. The water coming out of the buffer tank exchanges heat with the hot and cold ends of the first thermoelectric device in the hot end heat exchanger and the cold end heat exchanger of the first thermoelectric device, respectively, and becomes hot water and cold water, which then flow into the hot water storage tank and the cold water storage tank for storage. The third water pump and the third solenoid valve are opened, and the hot water enters the indoor heat exchanger to provide a warm environment for the room. The fourth water pump and the fourth solenoid valve are opened, and the sixth solenoid valve is opened, and the waste water flows back to the buffer tank after merging.

[0027] The controller can adjust the flow rate of the flow control valve according to the temperature of each water tank and the usage requirements, thereby achieving temperature control of the entire system.

[0028] Preferably, the system includes off-peak electricity utilization and cloudy day mode; the operation process of off-peak electricity utilization and cloudy day mode is as follows:

[0029] The first water pump and the second solenoid valve are closed, and the second water pump, the first flow control valve, and the second flow control valve are opened to supply power to the first thermoelectric device. The water coming out of the buffer tank exchanges heat with the hot and cold ends of the first thermoelectric device in the hot end heat exchanger and the cold end heat exchanger of the first thermoelectric device, and becomes hot water and cold water, which then flow into the hot water storage tank and the cold water storage tank for storage.

[0030] The stored hot and cold water can be further utilized during the day according to different needs in winter heating and summer cooling / power generation modes. This method ensures stable operation of the system when there is no sunshine and also enables off-peak electricity utilization, reducing electricity costs for residents.

[0031] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0032] (1) The integrated system combines the functions of photovoltaic power generation, indoor cooling, heating and domestic hot water supply;

[0033] (2) Waste heat collection on the back of the photovoltaic panel reduces the panel temperature and improves the photovoltaic power generation efficiency; at the same time, it saves energy and improves the energy utilization rate.

[0034] (3) The system has added a water storage device, which can realize the peak shaving and valley filling function of solar energy and can provide heat energy for a short time at night and on rainy days; at the same time, the waste water generated in the secondary collection system is recycled and water resources are reused. By using the alternation of hot and cold water, the needs of daily life are met while saving electricity and water costs.

[0035] (4) It can utilize off-peak electricity for energy storage, saving residents' electricity costs;

[0036] (5) In summer cooling mode, more heat energy can be generated through thermoelectric devices to achieve secondary energy collection;

[0037] (6) Install level, temperature and other sensors, acquire signals and process information through the controller to realize intelligent, stable and energy-saving operation of the whole system;

[0038] (7) It has a simple structure, is safe and reliable, and has a wide range of applications. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 This is a system structure diagram of the present invention;

[0040] In the picture:

[0041] 1-0. Solar photovoltaic module; 1-1. Heat exchanger behind photovoltaic panel; 1-2. Photovoltaic panel support; 1-3. Inverter;

[0042] 2-0. Controller; 2-1. First water pump; 2-2. First solenoid valve; 2-3. Second solenoid valve; 2-4. Second water pump; 2-5. First flow control valve; 2-6. Second flow control valve; 2-7. Third water pump; 2-8. Fourth water pump; 2-9. Third solenoid valve; 2-10. Fourth solenoid valve; 2-11. Fifth solenoid valve; 2-12. Valve; 2-13. Third flow control valve; 2-14. Fourth flow control valve; 2-15. Sixth solenoid valve;

[0043] 3-0. Buffer tank; 3-1. Cold water storage tank; 3-2. Hot water storage tank.

[0044] 4-0. First thermoelectric device hot-end heat exchanger; 4-1. First thermoelectric device; 4-2. First thermoelectric device cold-end heat exchanger.

[0045] 5-0. Second thermoelectric device hot-end heat exchanger; 5-1. Second thermoelectric device; 5-2. Second thermoelectric device cold-end heat exchanger.

[0046] 6-0. Indoor heat exchanger. Detailed Implementation

[0047] It should be understood that the embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, it should be understood that after reading the teachings of this invention, those skilled in the art can make various alterations or modifications to the invention, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

[0048] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below through embodiments.

[0049] Solar photovoltaic module 1-0 is connected to inverter 1-3 via wires. One end of inverter 1-3 is connected to solar photovoltaic module 1-0, and the other end is connected to the energy storage battery module, inverting the electricity generated by solar photovoltaic module 1-0 into the battery for storage. In addition to its inversion function, inverter 1-3 should also have the function of tracking the maximum power output of solar photovoltaic power generation. Photovoltaic panel support 1-2 fixes photovoltaic module 1-0 to the ground. Photovoltaic panel support 1-2 can automatically adjust its angle to actively track sunlight and maximize radiation. The energy storage battery can also draw power from the grid during off-peak hours for energy storage.

[0050] The inlet of the photovoltaic panel rear heat exchanger 1-1 is connected to the first water pump 2-1. The first water pump 2-1 is connected to the second solenoid valve 2-2. The second solenoid valve 2-3 is connected to the lower end of the buffer tank 3-0. The outlet of the photovoltaic panel rear heat exchanger 1-1 is connected to the upper end of the buffer tank 3-0, forming a loop. The first solenoid valve 2-2 is used to replenish water to the buffer tank 3-0. The bottom of the buffer tank 3-0 has a water inlet, which is connected to the second water pump 2-4. After the water pump 2-4 takes water, it splits into two paths and connects to the first flow control valve 2-5 and the second flow control valve 2-6 respectively. The first flow control valve 2-5 and the second flow control valve 2-6 are then connected to the first thermoelectric device hot end heat exchanger 4-0 and the first thermoelectric device cold end heat exchanger 4-2 respectively. The other ends of the first thermoelectric device hot end heat exchanger 4-0 and the first thermoelectric device cold end heat exchanger 4-2 are connected to the hot water storage tank 3-2 and the cold water storage tank 3-1 respectively.

[0051] The lower surface of the hot-end heat exchanger 4-0 and the upper surface of the cold-end heat exchanger 4-2 of the thermoelectric device are coupled to the hot and cold ends of the first thermoelectric device 4-1, respectively. To enhance heat exchange, thermally conductive silicone grease or other fillers need to be added between the heat exchangers and the thermoelectric devices. A water inlet is located at the bottom of the hot water storage tank 3-2, which is connected to the third water pump 2-7. The outlet of the third water pump 2-7 is divided into two paths. One outlet of the third water pump 2-7 is connected to the third solenoid valve 2-9, which in turn is connected to the indoor heat exchanger. The outlet of the indoor heat exchanger is divided into two paths: one outlet of the indoor heat exchanger 6-0 is connected to the sixth solenoid valve 2-15, and then to the buffer tank, forming a loop.

[0052] Another outlet of the indoor heat exchanger 6-0 is connected to the third flow control valve 2-13. The outlet of the third flow control valve 2-14 is connected to the inlet of the second thermoelectric device cold end heat exchanger 5-2. The outlet of the second thermoelectric device cold end heat exchanger 5-2 is connected to the buffer tank 3-0, forming a loop.

[0053] The outlet of the third water pump 2-8 is connected to the fourth flow control valve 2-14. The outlet of the fourth flow control valve 2-14 is connected to the inlet of the second thermoelectric device hot end heat exchanger 5-0. The outlet of the second thermoelectric device hot end heat exchanger 5-0 is connected to the buffer tank 3-0, forming a loop.

[0054] The cold water storage tank 3-1 is equipped with a water inlet, which is connected to the fourth water pump 2-8. The outlet of the fourth water pump 2-8 is divided into two paths. One of the outlets of the fourth water pump 2-8 is connected to the fifth solenoid valve 2-11. The fifth solenoid valve 2-11 is connected to the indoor heat exchanger 6-0. The outlet of the indoor heat exchanger 6-0 is connected to the sixth solenoid valve 2-15, and then to the buffer tank 3-0, forming a loop.

[0055] Another path from the outlet of the fourth water pump 2-8 is connected to the fourth solenoid valve 2-10, and the outlet of the fourth solenoid valve 2-10 is connected to the outlet of the indoor heat exchanger 6-0, forming a loop.

[0056] The lower and upper surfaces of the second thermoelectric device hot end heat exchanger 5-0 and the second thermoelectric device cold end heat exchanger 5-2 are coupled to the hot end and cold end of the second thermoelectric device 5-1, respectively. To enhance heat exchange, thermally conductive silicone grease and other fillers need to be added between the heat exchanger and the thermoelectric device.

[0057] The heat exchanger 1-1 behind the photovoltaic panel uses copper pipes or other materials with good heat dissipation. It is arranged in a serpentine coil or other structure and is fastened to the solar photovoltaic module 1-0 with a good thermally conductive material to enhance heat exchange between the two. Insulation material is installed on the outside of the copper pipes to reduce heat exchange between the copper pipes and the air.

[0058] The buffer tank 3-0, cold water storage tank 3-1, and hot water storage tank 3-2 are designed with an insulation layer, a vacuum layer, or a combination of both on the outside to keep the working fluid stored therein warm, thereby achieving energy storage. Liquid level sensors and temperature sensors are installed inside the buffer tank, cold water storage tank, and hot water storage tank. These sensors are connected to the controller via wires, transmitting signals to the controller.

[0059] The first thermoelectric device 4-1 is connected to the controller via wires. The controller determines whether to supply power to the first thermoelectric device 4-1 based on logic, thereby controlling whether the thermoelectric device heats or cools. The first flow control valve 2-5, the second flow control valve 2-6, the third flow control valve 2-13, and the fourth flow control valve 2-14 are connected to the controller. Through controller signals, they respectively control the flow rate of the working fluid flowing through the hot end heat exchanger 4-0, the cold end heat exchanger 4-2, the cold end heat exchanger 5-2, and the hot end heat exchanger 5-2 of the first thermoelectric device, thereby controlling the temperature of the working fluid flowing out of the heat exchanger. The first solenoid valve 2-2, the second solenoid valve 2-3, the third solenoid valve 2-9, the fourth solenoid valve 2-10, the fifth solenoid valve 2-11, and the sixth solenoid valve 2-15 are all connected to the controller via wires. The controller controls the opening and closing of each solenoid valve according to the operating mode determined by the controller. The first water pump 2-1, the second water pump 2-4, the third water pump 2-7, and the fourth water pump 2-8 are all connected to the controller via wires, and the controller controls the opening and closing of each water pump according to the working mode determined by the controller.

[0060] The second thermoelectric device 5-1 is connected to the inverter 1-3. The electricity generated by the second thermoelectric device 5-1 through the temperature difference between the hot end heat exchanger 5-0 and the cold end heat exchanger 5-2 is transmitted to the inverter through the wire to realize the inversion and grid connection of the thermoelectric device's power generation.

[0061] The first thermoelectric device hot-end heat exchanger 4-1, the first thermoelectric device cold-end heat exchanger 4-2, the second thermoelectric device hot-end heat exchanger 5-1, and the second thermoelectric device cold-end heat exchanger 5-2 are novel structures such as serpentine coils or microchannels that can enhance heat exchange.

[0062] The indoor heat exchanger 6-0 can be a coil-type heat exchanger installed under the wall or floor, or it can be connected to an air conditioning structure such as a fan. Its characteristic is to exchange heat or cooling capacity within the system to the indoor space.

[0063] In addition to solar photovoltaic module power generation, inverter, and energy storage, the use of thermoelectric devices in integrated solar photovoltaic systems also includes the following heat collection and utilization modes:

[0064] Mode 1, Energy Saving Mode:

[0065] When the first water pump 2-1 and the first solenoid valve 2-2 are turned on, the cool water in the buffer tank 3-0 passes through the heat exchanger 1-1 behind the photovoltaic panel, absorbing heat from the solar photovoltaic module 1-0. This lowers the temperature of the solar photovoltaic module 1-0, improving photovoltaic power generation efficiency, and also collects the waste heat from the solar photovoltaic module 1-0 into the buffer tank 3-0. The controller 2-0 uses a temperature sensor inside the buffer tank 3-0 to determine if the water temperature meets the usage requirements. When the water temperature meets the requirements, the second solenoid valve 2-3 is closed, and the second water pump 2-4 and the first flow control valve 2-5 are turned on. The heated water flows into the hot water storage tank 3-2. Once the hot water storage tank 3-2 is full, the second water pump 2-4 is turned off. If the water temperature does not meet the requirements, the energy stored in the battery can be used to heat the storage tank 3-2. When using the hot water storage tank 3-2, turning on the third water pump 2-7 and the valve will provide domestic hot water for the room. Opening the third water pump 2-7, the third solenoid valve 2-9, and the sixth solenoid valve 2-15 will provide indoor heating and return the waste water to the buffer tank. The controller 2-0 can determine the water level through the level sensor in the buffer tank 3-0. When the water level is too low, opening the first solenoid valve 2-2 will replenish the buffer tank 3-0 with cold water.

[0066] Mode 2, Summer cooling and power generation mode:

[0067] The first water pump 2-1 and the first solenoid valve 2-2 are turned on. The cool water in the buffer tank 3-0 passes through the heat exchanger 1-1 behind the photovoltaic panel, absorbing the heat from the solar photovoltaic module 1-0 and collecting the waste heat from the solar photovoltaic module 1-0 into the buffer tank 3-0. The second water pump 2-4, the first flow control valve 2-5, and the second flow control valve 26 are turned on. The energy storage battery powers the first thermoelectric device 4-1. The water coming out of the buffer tank 3-0 exchanges heat with the hot and cold ends of the first thermoelectric device 4-1 in the hot end heat exchanger 42 and the cold end heat exchanger 5-2, respectively, turning into hot water and cold water, which then flow into the hot water storage tank 3-2 and the cold water storage tank 3-1 for storage. The fourth water pump 28 and the fifth solenoid valve 2-11 are turned on, and the cold water enters the indoor heat exchanger 6-0, providing a cool environment for the room. The third flow control valve 2-13 is turned on, and the cool water enters the cold end heat exchanger 5-2 of the second thermoelectric device. Opening the third water pump 2-7 and valve provides domestic hot water for the room. Opening the third water pump 2-7 and the fourth flow control valve 2-14 allows hot water to enter the hot-end heat exchanger 5-0 of the second thermoelectric device. At this point, a temperature difference is created between the hot and cold water at both ends of the second thermoelectric device 5-1, causing it to generate electricity. The generated electricity is transmitted to the inverter 1-3 via wires, inverted, and then returned to the energy storage battery, achieving secondary energy collection. Waste water flows back to the buffer tank after merging. The controller can adjust the flow rates of the first flow control valve 2-5, the second flow control valve 2-6, the third flow control valve 2-13, and the fourth flow control valve 2-14 according to the temperature of each water tank and usage requirements, thereby achieving temperature control of the entire system.

[0068] Mode 3, Winter Heating Mode:

[0069] Turning on the first water pump 2-1 and the first solenoid valve 2-2, the cool water in the buffer tank 3-0 passes through the photovoltaic panel's heat exchanger 1-1, absorbing heat from the solar photovoltaic module 1-0, and collecting the waste heat from the solar photovoltaic module 1-0 into the buffer tank 3-0. Turning on the second water pump 2-4, the first flow control valve 2-5, and the second flow control valve 2-6, power is supplied to the first thermoelectric device 4-1. Water from the buffer tank 3-0 exchanges heat with the hot and cold ends of the first thermoelectric device 4-1 in the hot-end heat exchanger 4-0 and the cold-end heat exchanger 4-2, respectively, becoming hot and cold water, which then flow into the hot water storage tank 3-2 and the cold water storage tank 3-1 for storage. The hot water storage tank 3-2 is equipped with an electric heater; when the heating temperature is low, the hot water storage tank can be heated using the thermal energy from the energy storage battery. Turning on the third water pump 2-7 and the valve provides domestic hot water for indoor use. Opening the third water pump 2-7 and the third solenoid valve 2-9 allows hot water to enter the indoor heat exchanger 6-0, providing a warm environment for the room. Opening the fourth water pump 2-8 and the fourth solenoid valve 2-10, and opening the sixth solenoid valve 2-15, allows the waste water to flow back to the buffer tank 3-0 after merging. The controller 2-0 can adjust the flow rates of the first flow control valve 2-5 and the second flow control valve 2-6 according to the temperature of each water tank and usage requirements, thereby achieving temperature control of the entire system.

[0070] Mode 4, Off-peak electricity utilization, cloudy day mode:

[0071] The first water pump 2-1 and the first solenoid valve 2-2 are shut off to prevent water from dissipating heat through the photovoltaic panels at night and on cloudy days. The second water pump 2-4, the first flow control valve 2-5, and the second flow control valve 2-6 are opened to power the first thermoelectric device 4-1 using off-peak electricity stored in the energy storage battery. Water from the buffer tank 3-0 exchanges heat with the hot and cold ends of the first thermoelectric device 4-1 in the hot-end heat exchanger 4-0 and the cold-end heat exchanger 5-2, respectively, turning into hot and cold water, which then flow into the hot water storage tank 3-2 and the cold water storage tank 3-1 for storage. The stored hot and cold water can be further utilized during the day according to different needs in Mode 2 and Mode 3. This method achieves stable operation of the system when there is no sunshine and utilizes off-peak electricity, reducing the cost of electricity for residents.

Claims

1. A solar photovoltaic and thermoelectric device coupling integrated system, characterized in that: include: A solar photovoltaic power generation module includes a solar photovoltaic module (1-0) and a photovoltaic panel heat exchanger (1-1) attached to its back side, wherein the photovoltaic panel heat exchanger (1-1) is connected to an energy storage module via a first water pump (2-1); An energy storage component includes a buffer tank (3-0) connected to a solar photovoltaic power generation module to store hot and cold water and collect waste heat; A thermoelectric heating and cooling assembly is disposed between the buffer tank (3-0) and the energy storage assembly, including a first thermoelectric device (4-1) and heat exchangers at both ends thereon, to separate the working fluid into hot and cold streams. The cold water storage tank (3-1) and the hot water storage tank (3-2) are respectively connected to the cold end outlet and the hot end outlet of the thermoelectric heating and cooling assembly; Thermoelectric power generation components are connected to indoor heat exchangers, which generate electricity by utilizing the temperature difference between hot and cold water, and then transmit the electrical energy to energy storage battery components for storage, thus achieving secondary energy harvesting. The indoor heat exchanger is connected to the energy storage unit and the thermoelectric power generation unit respectively; it uses hot and cold water to provide a cool or warm environment to the room. The electrical control piping assembly is located between the various module components; the controller controls the operation of each component. Energy storage battery modules are connected to solar photovoltaic power generation modules to draw power from the grid and store energy during off-peak hours.

2. The integrated solar photovoltaic and thermoelectric device coupling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solar photovoltaic power generation module includes: a solar photovoltaic module (1-0) and a photovoltaic panel heat exchanger (1-1) attached together; the solar photovoltaic module (1-0) is connected to an inverter (1-3); the inverter (1-3) is connected to an energy storage battery module; a photovoltaic panel bracket (1-2) is mounted on the photovoltaic panel heat exchanger (1-1); the solar photovoltaic module (1-0) is connected to the energy storage module's buffer tank (3-0) in sequence through a first water pump (2-1) and a first solenoid valve (2-2).

3. The integrated solar photovoltaic and thermoelectric device coupling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy storage assembly includes: a buffer tank (3-0) connected to a cold water storage tank (3-1) and a hot water storage tank (3-2) respectively via a thermoelectric heating and cooling assembly; the thermoelectric heating and cooling assembly includes, from top to bottom, a first thermoelectric hot-end heat exchanger (4-0), a first thermoelectric device (4-1), and a first thermoelectric cold-end heat exchanger (4-2); the cold water storage tank (3-1) is connected to an indoor heat exchanger (6-0) via a fourth water pump (2-8) and a fifth solenoid valve (2-11); the hot water storage tank (3-2) is connected to the indoor heat exchanger (6-0) via a third water pump (2-7) and a third solenoid valve (2-9); the first thermoelectric cold-end heat exchanger (4-2) and the first thermoelectric hot-end heat exchanger (4-0) are connected to the buffer tank (3-0) via a first flow control valve (2-5) and a second water pump (2-4).

4. The integrated solar photovoltaic and thermoelectric device coupling system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The thermoelectric power generation assembly comprises, from top to bottom, a second thermoelectric hot-end heat exchanger (5-0), a second thermoelectric device (5-1), and a second thermoelectric cold-end heat exchanger (5-2); the second thermoelectric hot-end heat exchanger (5-0) is connected to the indoor heat exchanger (6-0) via a fourth flow control valve (2-14), and the second thermoelectric cold-end heat exchanger (5-2) is connected to the indoor heat exchanger (6-0) via a third flow control valve (2-13); the second thermoelectric device (5-1) is connected to the inverter (1-3); the second thermoelectric device (5-1) is connected to the buffer tank (3-0) via a second flow control valve (2-6) and a second water pump (2-4).

5. The integrated solar photovoltaic and thermoelectric device coupling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The indoor heat exchanger (6-0) is connected to the buffer tank (3-0) via the sixth solenoid valve (2-15).

6. The integrated solar photovoltaic and thermoelectric device coupling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The buffer tank (3-0), cold water storage tank (3-1), and hot water storage tank (3-2) are equipped with level sensors and temperature sensors, and the level sensors and temperature sensors are respectively connected to the controller (2-0).

7. The integrated solar photovoltaic and thermoelectric device coupling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system includes an energy-saving mode; the working process of the energy-saving mode is as follows: Open the first water pump (2-1) and the second solenoid valve (2-3). The cold water in the buffer tank (3-0) passes through the heat exchanger (1-1) behind the photovoltaic panel, absorbs the heat of the solar photovoltaic module (1-0), and flows into the buffer tank (3-0). The controller (2-0) uses a temperature sensor to determine whether the water temperature meets the usage requirements. If it does, open the second water pump (2-4) and the first flow control valve (2-5), and the heated water flows into the hot water storage tank (3-2). Open the third water pump (2-7), the fifth solenoid valve (2-11), and the sixth solenoid valve (2-15) to provide indoor heating and send the waste water back to the buffer tank (3-0). The controller (2-0) uses a level sensor to determine the water level in the buffer tank (30). When the water level is too low, open the first solenoid valve (2-2) to replenish the tank with cold water.

8. The integrated solar photovoltaic and thermoelectric device coupling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system includes a summer cooling power generation mode; the operation process of the summer cooling power generation mode is as follows: Open the first water pump (2-1) and the second solenoid valve (2-3). The cold water in the buffer tank (3-0) passes through the heat exchanger (1-1) behind the photovoltaic panel, collecting the waste heat of the solar photovoltaic module (1-0) into the buffer tank (3-0). Open the second water pump (2-4), the first flow control valve (2-5), and the second flow control valve (2-6) to supply power to the first thermoelectric device (4-1). The water flowing out of the buffer tank (3-0) exchanges heat with the hot and cold ends of the first thermoelectric device (4-1) in the hot end heat exchanger (4-0) and the cold end heat exchanger (5-2) of the first thermoelectric device, becoming hot water and cold water, respectively, which then flow into the hot water storage tank (3-2) and the cold water storage tank. (3-1) is used for storage; the fourth water pump (2-8) and the fifth solenoid valve (2-11) are turned on, and cold water enters the indoor heat exchanger (6-0); the third flow control valve (2-13) is turned on, and cool water enters the cold end heat exchanger of the second thermoelectric device (5-2); the third water pump (2-7) and the fourth flow control valve (2-14) are turned on, and hot water enters the hot end heat exchanger of the second thermoelectric device (5-0); at this time, the hot water and cold water form a temperature difference at both ends of the second thermoelectric device (5-1), and the second thermoelectric device (5-1) starts to generate electricity. The generated electricity is transmitted to the inverter (1-3) through the wire, and after inversion, it is stored to realize the secondary collection of energy; the waste water after power generation flows back to the buffer tank (3-0) after merging.

9. The integrated solar photovoltaic and thermoelectric device coupling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system includes a winter heating mode; the working process of the winter heating mode is as follows: Open the first water pump (2-1) and the second solenoid valve (2-3). Cool water in the buffer tank (3-0) passes through the photovoltaic panel heat exchanger (1-1) to collect the waste heat of the solar photovoltaic module (1-0) into the buffer tank (3-0). Open the second water pump (2-4), the first flow control valve (2-5), and the second flow control valve (2-6) to supply power to the first thermoelectric device (4-1). Water from the buffer tank (3-0) is then exchanged between the hot end heat exchanger (4-0) of the first thermoelectric device and the cold end heat exchanger of the second thermoelectric device. The hot and cold ends of the heat exchanger (5-2) exchange heat with the first thermoelectric device (4-1), and the hot and cold water flow into the hot water storage tank (3-2) and the cold water storage tank (3-1) respectively for storage. The third water pump (2-7) and the third solenoid valve (2-9) are turned on, and the hot water enters the indoor heat exchanger (6-0) to provide a warm environment for the room. The fourth water pump (2-8) and the fourth solenoid valve (2-10) are turned on, and the sixth solenoid valve (2-15) is turned on. The waste water flows back to the buffer tank (3-0) after it is combined.

10. The integrated solar photovoltaic and thermoelectric device coupling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system includes off-peak electricity utilization and cloudy day mode; the operation process of off-peak electricity utilization and cloudy day mode is as follows: The first water pump (2-1) and the second solenoid valve (2-3) are closed, and the second water pump (2-4), the first flow control valve (2-5), and the second flow control valve (2-6) are opened to supply power to the first thermoelectric device (4-1). The water coming out of the buffer tank (3-0) exchanges heat with the hot and cold ends of the first thermoelectric device (4-1) in the hot end heat exchanger (4-0) and the cold end heat exchanger (5-2) of the first thermoelectric device, and becomes hot water and cold water, respectively, which then flow into the hot water storage tank (3-2) and the cold water storage tank (3-1) for storage.

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