An access backhaul end-to-end system

Abstract

The application provides an access backhaul end-to-end system, comprising a wireless backhaul module, a backhaul base station and a backhaul core network module; the wireless backhaul module is used for obtaining service data and signaling data forwarded by an original access base station, and performing air interface protocol encapsulation on the service data and the signaling data to obtain air interface interaction data packets; the backhaul base station is used for demodulating the air interface interaction data packets, encapsulating demodulated data based on a service interface protocol and a signaling interface protocol, and transmitting signaling data and service data of the backhaul base station obtained to the backhaul core network module; and the backhaul core network module is used for demodulating data of the backhaul base station and transmitting to a target receiving network according to a corresponding destination address. The access backhaul end-to-end system disclosed by the application makes backhaul control more flexible, facilitates mobility control, and can further enhance backhaul quality and control means.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and more specifically to an end-to-end access and backhaul system. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, signal coverage in enclosed spaces typically involves radiating signals from the outside into the enclosed space. For example, subway tunnels use leaky cables, and high-speed rail construction uses dedicated network base stations to cover the interior of high-speed train carriages. However, in this method, the signal source is always outside the carriage, requiring the signal to penetrate the subway or high-speed rail carriage, resulting in significant penetration loss and poor frequency band expansion capabilities.

[0003] Due to the rapid mobility of subways and high-speed trains, wired backhaul is essentially impractical. Traditional microwave relay backhaul methods, primarily for relay amplification and forwarding, are mainly suitable for stationary backhaul and unsuitable for high-speed mobile backhaul requirements. While existing technologies for scenarios like high-speed trains have proposed onboard base station mobile communication systems with signal sources inside the vehicle, communicating with ground base stations via external antennas, this approach lacks consideration of the overall end-to-end system and process, resulting in poor backhaul reliability within the enclosed mobile space. Therefore, designing an efficient and stable end-to-end access and backhaul system for coverage scenarios like subways and high-speed trains has become a key research focus. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address this issue, the present invention provides an end-to-end access backhaul system to solve the problems of poor backhaul stability and high limitations of existing relay forwarding schemes.

[0005] This invention provides an end-to-end access backhaul system, comprising: a wireless backhaul module, a backhaul base station, and a backhaul core network module;

[0006] The wireless backhaul module is used to acquire the service data and signaling data forwarded by the original access base station, and to encapsulate the service data and signaling data using an air interface protocol to obtain an air interface interactive data packet.

[0007] The backhaul base station is used to demodulate the air interface interactive data packets, encapsulate the demodulated data based on the service interface protocol and the signaling interface protocol, and transmit the obtained signaling data and service data of the backhaul base station to the backhaul core network module.

[0008] The backhaul core network module is used to demodulate the data from the backhaul base station and send it to the target receiving network according to the corresponding destination address.

[0009] In one embodiment, the access backhaul end-to-end system further includes: a mobile router, configured to acquire service data and signaling data forwarded by the original access base station, and send the service data and signaling data to at least one of the wireless backhaul modules using a preset port;

[0010] The wireless backhaul module is specifically used to obtain the service data and signaling data sent by the mobile router through the corresponding port.

[0011] In one embodiment, the mobile router is further configured to forward the corresponding router network management data stream to the wireless backhaul module through a preset first port;

[0012] The wireless backhaul module is further configured to identify the router management data stream of the mobile router based on the first port, encapsulate the router management data stream using an air interface protocol to obtain a first air interface interaction data packet, and send the first air interface interaction data packet to the backhaul base station; it is also configured to determine the corresponding device management data stream, encapsulate the device management data stream using an air interface protocol to obtain a second air interface interaction data packet, and send the second air interface interaction data packet to the backhaul base station;

[0013] The backhaul base station is also used to demodulate the first air interface interactive data packet and the second air interface interactive data packet to obtain the corresponding network management data stream, and to encapsulate the network management data stream according to the wireless packet service protocol according to the network management device address pre-allocated by the backhaul core network module to obtain the corresponding wireless packet service network management data stream.

[0014] The backhaul core network module is also used to demodulate the wireless packet service network management data stream and transmit the demodulated data to the backhaul network management server according to the network management destination address.

[0015] In one embodiment, the backhaul core network module is further configured to send network management configuration data streams to the wireless backhaul module based on the backhaul network management server;

[0016] The wireless backhaul module is further configured to demodulate the network management configuration data stream. If the demodulated data is the first configuration data corresponding to the wireless backhaul module, the module performs corresponding configuration based on the first configuration data to enable the backhaul core network module to remotely configure and manage the wireless backhaul module. If the demodulated data is the second configuration data corresponding to the mobile router, the module sends the second configuration data to the mobile router.

[0017] The mobile router is further configured according to the second configuration data to enable the backhaul core network module to remotely configure and manage the mobile router.

[0018] In one embodiment, the device network management data stream includes at least one of the following: device identification information corresponding to the wireless backhaul module, train number information where the device is located, power status information of the device, temperature and humidity status information, and location information.

[0019] In one embodiment, the access backhaul end-to-end system further includes: an independent network communication module, used to transmit the router network management data stream corresponding to the mobile router and the device network management data stream corresponding to the wireless backhaul module to the backhaul network management server in the backhaul core network module.

[0020] In one embodiment, the mobile router is configured to use a preset traffic splitting and forwarding strategy to split and forward access base station data to be forwarded, and to identify and distinguish the data of the original access base station through the port; wherein, if the data of the original access base station is signaling data, the traffic splitting and forwarding strategy is: to use load sharing to split and forward the signaling data to different second ports, the second ports being connected to multiple wireless backhaul modules respectively; or to transmit the signaling data according to a preset multi-path parallel protection rule;

[0021] The wireless backhaul module is used to identify the type of data from the original access base station based on the second port. If the data from the original access base station is signaling data, the signaling data is transmitted according to a preset priority protection rule.

[0022] In one embodiment, the priority guarantee rule includes: prioritizing the transmission of the signaling data through a preset slicing setting principle for signaling data priority or the slicing strategy of the target receiving network.

[0023] In one embodiment, the target receiving network is an operator access core network or an industry private network.

[0024] In one embodiment, the port is a physical port or a logical port.

[0025] The access backhaul end-to-end system described in this invention embeds an access backhaul end-to-end channel consisting of a backhaul module, a backhaul base station, and a backhaul core network module, which serves as the backhaul for the previous layer access base station. This makes backhaul management more flexible, facilitates mobility control, and further enhances backhaul quality and management methods. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the access backhaul end-to-end system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the complete structure of the access backhaul end-to-end system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] Based on the original access backhaul system, this invention provides a two-layer nested access backhaul end-to-end system for mobile spaces by embedding another access backhaul end-to-end system as the backhaul of the access base station in the previous original access backhaul system. This makes backhaul control more flexible and convenient, including but not limited to scenarios where wired backhaul is limited in mobile environments, and can also be applied to other scenarios where wired backhaul is limited, without specific limitations.

[0031] The following is a detailed description of embodiments of the access backhaul end-to-end system described in this invention. For example... Figure 1 As shown, it is a structural diagram of the access backhaul end-to-end system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The implementation process includes at least the following parts: wireless backhaul module, backhaul base station and backhaul core network module.

[0032] The wireless backhaul module 101 is used to acquire the service data and signaling data forwarded by the original access base station, and to encapsulate the service data and signaling data using an air interface protocol to obtain an air interface interactive data packet.

[0033] The wireless backhaul module refers to the pre-installed backhaul OPE (Custom Premise Equipment) within the mobile space. The original access base station is the building base band unit (BBU). The mobile space can refer to enclosed carriages with rapid mobility, such as subways or high-speed trains.

[0034] The backhaul base station 102 is used to demodulate the air interface interactive data packets, encapsulate the demodulated data based on the service interface protocol and the signaling interface protocol, and transmit the obtained signaling data and service data of the backhaul base station to the backhaul core network module.

[0035] The service interface protocol refers to the N2 port protocol, and the signaling interface protocol refers to the N3 port protocol.

[0036] The backhaul core network module 103 is used to demodulate the data from the backhaul base station and send it to the target receiving network according to the corresponding destination address.

[0037] The target receiving network can be an operator's access core network or an industry private network, etc. The backhaul core network module includes control network elements (Access and Mobility Management Function, AMF), data network elements (User plane function, UPF), and a backhaul network management server, etc. The data from the backhaul base station includes signaling data and service data of the backhaul base station.

[0038] In this embodiment of the invention, the original access base station can be directly connected to the wireless backhaul module, or it can be connected through a mobile router. If the original access base station and the wireless backhaul module have a one-to-many or many-to-many relationship, a mobile router can be further configured. This mobile router is deployed in the mobile space for traffic splitting and aggregation.

[0039] In practical implementation, the mobile router can be used to acquire service data and signaling data forwarded by the original access base station, and send the service data and signaling data to at least one of the wireless backhaul modules through a preset port. The wireless backhaul module is specifically used to acquire the service data and signaling data sent by the mobile router through a corresponding port. The port can be a physical port or a logical port.

[0040] In addition, based on the end-to-end access backhaul system provided by this invention, an enhanced backhaul system management mechanism is also provided, which enables the network management data stream of the backhaul core network module to be further extended to the wireless backhaul module and its related equipment.

[0041] As mentioned above, the end-to-end access backhaul system of this invention includes: a wireless backhaul module, a backhaul base station, a backhaul core network, and a mobile router connected to the wireless backhaul module. The wireless backhaul module and the mobile router are typically installed within a mobile, enclosed train carriage. Generally, network management systems manage up to the base station level, responsible for issuing configurations and monitoring status such as alarms. However, in application scenarios such as high-speed rail and subways, the wireless backhaul module and mobile router are usually in motion with the vehicle, and the vehicle may be randomly rescheduled according to operational needs. Therefore, the need for remote management and control of onboard equipment is urgent. Currently, the carriage equipment mainly consists of the original access base station, the wireless backhaul module, and the mobile router. The original access base station can be managed and controlled through the network management data stream of the original access base station. The enhanced backhaul system management mechanism provided by this invention mainly addresses the management and control of the wireless backhaul module and the mobile router, enabling control over their status and configuration management. Specifically, this invention provides two enhanced backhaul system management schemes: an in-band scheme and an out-of-band scheme. The main difference between out-of-band and in-band solutions lies in the network management data stream transmission channel: The out-of-band solution refers to the network management data streams of the mobile router and the wireless backhaul module using different channels than those used in this invention to access the backhaul end-to-end system. For example, this can be achieved by adding an independent network communication module (such as a 4G or 5G network communication module). This independent network communication module is used to transmit the router network management data stream corresponding to the mobile router and the device network management data stream corresponding to the wireless backhaul module to the backhaul network management server in the backhaul core network module. The in-band solution refers to the enhanced network management data stream using the same channel as the one used in this invention to access the backhaul end-to-end system. The following mainly describes the in-band solution, with the specific process divided into: the network management data stream uplink process and the network management data stream downlink process.

[0042] The specific roles of each device in the uplink process of the network management data stream in the enhanced management mechanism of the backhaul system include: the mobile router is also used to forward the corresponding router network management data stream to the wireless backhaul module through a preset first port. The wireless backhaul module is also used to identify the router network management data stream of the mobile router based on the first port, and encapsulate the router network management data stream with an air interface protocol to obtain a first air interface interaction data packet, and send the first air interface interaction data packet to the backhaul base station; it is also used to determine the corresponding device network management data stream, and encapsulate the device network management data stream with an air interface protocol to obtain a second air interface interaction data packet, and send the second air interface interaction data packet to the backhaul base station. The backhaul base station is also used to demodulate the first air interface interaction data packet and the second air interface interaction data packet to obtain the corresponding network management data stream, and encapsulate the network management data stream according to the wireless packet service protocol according to the network management device address pre-allocated by the backhaul core network module to obtain the corresponding wireless packet service network management data stream. The backhaul core network module is also used to demodulate the wireless packet service network management data stream and transmit the demodulated data to the backhaul network management server according to the network management destination address.

[0043] In the implementation of the downlink process of the network management data stream in the enhanced management mechanism of the backhaul system, the specific roles of each device include: the backhaul core network module is further used to send the network management configuration data stream to the wireless backhaul module based on the backhaul network management server; the wireless backhaul module is further used to demodulate the network management configuration data stream; if the demodulated result is the first configuration data corresponding to the wireless backhaul module, then the corresponding configuration is performed according to the first configuration data to realize the remote configuration management of the wireless backhaul module by the backhaul core network module; if the demodulated result is the second configuration data corresponding to the mobile router, then the second configuration data is sent to the mobile router; the mobile router is further used to configure according to the second configuration data to realize the remote configuration management of the mobile router by the backhaul core network module. The device network management data stream includes at least one of the following: device identification information corresponding to the wireless backhaul module, train number information where the device is located, power status information of the device, temperature and humidity status information, and location information.

[0044] In one specific embodiment, the enhanced management mechanism process of the backhaul system includes:

[0045] 201: Network Management Data Stream Uplink Data Reporting Process.

[0046] 2011: In practical implementation, the management data stream can be based on the mobile router's own data stream, or additional management information specific to the mobile router, such as the router's location information, can be added. This information can be encapsulated using network management protocols such as SNMP and ICMP. Correspondingly, the address of the peer server can be the address of the network management server that sends the data back.

[0047] 2012: Mobile routers separate and forward router network management data streams according to their destination addresses and assign corresponding identifiers.

[0048] 2013: The wireless backhaul module identifies the network management data stream of the mobile router through a port (which can be physical or logical). The wireless backhaul module encapsulates the network management data stream of the mobile router as the user's service data over the air interface and interacts with the backhaul base station.

[0049] 2014: In this embodiment of the invention, the wireless backhaul module can construct its own device network management data stream. Then, the wireless backhaul module encapsulates the corresponding device network management data stream as service data using an air interface protocol and interacts with the backhaul base station. The device network management data stream constructed by the wireless backhaul module includes the ID of the device corresponding to the wireless backhaul module, the train number where the device is located, the power status of the device, the temperature and humidity status, and the location information, etc.

[0050] 2015: The backhaul base station completes air interface protocol demodulation to obtain network management data stream. The backhaul base station uses the network management data stream as data and encapsulates the network management data stream according to the General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) protocol based on the network management device address pre-allocated by the backhaul core network module to obtain the corresponding wireless packet service network management data stream.

[0051] 2016: The backhaul core network module decapsulates the wireless packet service network management data stream and sends it to the backhaul network management server of the backhaul core network module according to the destination address.

[0052] 202: Backhaul control network management configuration downlink process.

[0053] 2021: The network management configuration data stream of the backhaul core network module is distributed through the backhaul network management device of the backhaul core network. Its encapsulation protocol can be a general network management control protocol, such as SNMP, ICMP, etc.

[0054] 2022: The backhaul core network module sends the network management configuration data stream as a general data stream to the wireless backhaul module.

[0055] 2023: After the wireless backhaul module completes the data packet unpacking, if it is the first configuration data of the wireless backhaul module (including restart data and configuration data), it will be configured according to the received configuration instructions; if it is the second configuration data of the mobile router, it will be transparently transmitted to the mobile router through the wireless backhaul module, and the mobile router will be configured according to the second configuration data. Finally, the backhaul control core network module will remotely configure the wireless backhaul module and the mobile router.

[0056] Furthermore, based on the end-to-end access backhaul system provided by this invention, an access base station signaling backhaul guarantee mechanism is also provided, which enables the signaling of the original access base station to be distinguished and protected, thereby enhancing the reliability of signaling backhaul transmission.

[0057] The specific roles of each device in the implementation of the access base station signaling backhaul guarantee mechanism include: the mobile router, which is used to forward access base station data to be forwarded using a preset traffic splitting and forwarding strategy, and to identify and distinguish the data of the original access base station through the port; wherein, if the data of the original access base station is signaling data, the traffic splitting and forwarding strategy is: to split and forward the signaling data to different second ports using a load-sharing method, the second ports being connected to multiple wireless backhaul modules respectively; or to transmit the signaling data according to a preset multi-path parallel guarantee rule. The wireless backhaul module is used to identify the type of data of the original access base station according to the second port, and if the data of the original access base station is signaling data, to transmit the signaling data according to a preset priority guarantee rule. The priority guarantee rule includes: prioritizing the transmission of signaling data through a preset signaling data priority slicing setting principle or the slicing strategy of the target receiving network, etc.

[0058] In one specific embodiment, the access base station signaling backhaul guarantee mechanism process includes:

[0059] The service data (N2), signaling data (N3), and network management data stream (OMCH) from the original access base station are all encapsulated as data (backhaul N3 interface signaling data) for the wireless backhaul module, making the backhaul quality of the signaling data from the original access base station uncontrollable. To enable the wireless backhaul module to distinguish between the service data and signaling data from the original access base station, and to allow the backhaul system to differentiate between the signaling data and service data to be accessed during backhaul, prioritizing the quality of the backhaul of the access signaling data, the following measures are taken:

[0060] 301: The access user terminal encapsulates service data and signaling data through air interface protocol and interacts with the original access base station.

[0061] 302: The original access base station completes the unpacking of the air interface protocol and encapsulates the service data and signaling data through the N2 interface protocol and the N3 interface protocol respectively. At the same time, the network management data stream data of the original access base station can also be encapsulated through the network management protocol.

[0062] 303: The mobile router performs policy-based traffic splitting and forwarding based on the destination address, and distinguishes between N2 and N3 identifiers. If it is N3 interface signaling data, the traffic splitting and forwarding strategy can be: using load balancing to split and forward the signaling data to different second ports, each of which is connected to multiple wireless backhaul modules; or the signaling data can be transmitted according to a preset multi-path parallel protection rule, that is, splitting the N3 interface signaling data to multiple ports and connecting them to multiple wireless backhaul modules, thereby achieving multi-path signaling protection. Simultaneously, the router identifies and distinguishes between N2 interface service data and N3 interface signaling data, which can be based on physical ports or logical ports such as VLANs.

[0063] 304: The wireless backhaul module identifies the N2 port service data and N3 port signaling data of the original access base station based on the logical or physical port, and prioritizes the N3 port signaling data. The wireless backhaul module can prioritize the N3 port signaling data by setting a slicing principle that prioritizes N3 port signaling data, or by receiving the network's slicing strategy.

[0064] The following example illustrates the application scenario where backhaul from the original access base station is limited in mobile environments such as subway tunnels and high-speed rail. The overall system architecture is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the system includes a wireless backhaul module 101, a backhaul base station 102, a backhaul core network module 103, a primary access core network 104, a mobile router 105, a primary access base station 106, an access user terminal 107 (UE), a mobile space 108 (such as a high-speed train carriage or subway carriage), a backhaul network management server 1031, and an access network management server 1041. An end-to-end access backhaul system is embedded between the primary access user terminal 107 (UE), the primary access base station 106 (including baseband and radio frequency components), and the primary access core network 104. This end-to-end access backhaul system includes at least the wireless backhaul module 101, the backhaul base station 102 (including baseband and radio frequency components), and the backhaul core network 103. Additionally, a corresponding mobile router 105 (for traffic splitting, aggregation, etc.) can be configured as needed.

[0065] The backhaul base station's radio frequency can be deployed along the subway track (either in the tunnel wall or as an outdoor station). The frequency band of the backhaul base station can be the same as or different from that of the original access base station. If the backhaul base station and the original access base station operate on different frequencies, interference is minimal, and the backhaul frequency band is flexible, allowing for both low and high frequencies (high-frequency frequencies offer greater bandwidth and backhaul capacity). If the backhaul base station and the original access base station operate on the same frequency band, interference between the two bands needs to be considered and addressed, but spectrum utilization can be improved. The original access base station, wireless backhaul module, mobile router, and other equipment are typically deployed inside the train carriage.

[0066] Furthermore, to improve coverage, the radio frequency units of the original access base station can be deployed remotely throughout each carriage. To reduce penetration loss with the backhaul base station, the antenna of the wireless backhaul module can be externally mounted or internally mounted (e.g., above the driver's cab glass in the front and rear carriages, where field tests show minimal penetration loss). Moreover, mounting the wireless backhaul module inside the carriage utilizes the spatial isolation within the carriage to reduce inter-cell interference between wireless backhaul modules deployed at the front and rear of the carriages. Under the same frequency, it can achieve the capacity of two cells, thus significantly increasing the backhaul capacity of the entire carriage. The functions of the original access base station, wireless backhaul module, and mobile router can be integrated into a single device or deployed in a distributed manner.

[0067] Specifically, the following is an example of an end-to-end access backhaul system: The access user terminal (UE) interacts with the original access base station via air interface protocols, similar to the normal air interface process, and will not be described in detail here. The original access base station unpacks the air interface protocols and encapsulates the service data and signaling data via N2 and N3 interface protocols respectively. It can also encapsulate the original access base station's network management data stream via network management protocols.

[0068] The original access base station and the wireless backhaul module can be directly connected. If the original access base station and the wireless backhaul module have a one-to-many or many-to-many relationship, a mobile router (which can also be called a vehicle-mounted router since it is deployed inside the vehicle) is inserted, mainly for traffic splitting and aggregation. In addition, to further enhance the security and isolation of the backhaul channel, the mobile router can also activate a secure tunnel function (such as an IP-SEC tunnel or a GRE tunnel) to encapsulate the data from the original access base station (whether it is N2 service data or N3 signaling data) using a tunnel protocol.

[0069] The original access base station is directly connected to a mobile router and a wireless backhaul module (which can be multiple wireless backhaul module devices). Each wireless backhaul module device is assigned a WAN port address, which is allocated by the backhaul core network module (the backhaul core network module assigns a fixed address to the access user terminal UE) and transparently transmitted to the mobile router by the wireless backhaul module. The mobile router establishes a tunnel with the remote router through this address. The wireless backhaul module encapsulates the input data from the access base station (or through the mobile router) (including the N2 port service data and N3 port signaling data of the original access base station, as well as network management data stream data) into air interface protocol encapsulation, forming all of them into air interface interactive data packets.

[0070] The backhaul base station unpacks the air interface data packets from the wireless backhaul module, and then encapsulates them for N2 and N3 protocols respectively.

[0071] The backhaul base station transmits its signaling data and service data to the backhaul core network module, which then manages and controls the backhaul system, including handover and slicing control.

[0072] In practical implementation, after the backhaul core network UPF unpacks the N3 interface signaling data of the backhaul base station, it can send it to different target receiving networks according to different destination addresses. For example, if it is data from the subway demand side, it does not need to go through the operator's network and can be sent directly to the corresponding industry private network platform. If it is operator data, it is sent to the operator's access core network. No specific restrictions are made here.

[0073] The end-to-end access backhaul system of this invention embeds an end-to-end access backhaul channel consisting of a backhaul module, a backhaul base station, and a backhaul core network module, which serves as the backhaul of the previous layer access base station. This makes backhaul management more flexible, facilitates mobility control, and further enhances backhaul quality and management methods.

[0074] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An access backhaul end-to-end system, characterized by, include: Mobile router, wireless backhaul module, backhaul base station, and backhaul core network module; The mobile router is used to acquire the service data and signaling data forwarded by the original access base station, and send the service data and signaling data to at least one of the wireless backhaul modules through a preset port. It is also used to perform traffic splitting and forwarding of the access base station data to be forwarded using a preset traffic splitting and forwarding strategy, and to identify and distinguish the N2 interface service data and N3 interface signaling data of the original access base station through the port; wherein, if the data of the original access base station is N3 interface signaling data, the traffic splitting and forwarding strategy is: to use load sharing to split and forward the N3 interface signaling data to different second ports, the second ports being connected to multiple wireless backhaul modules respectively; or to transmit the N3 interface signaling data according to a preset multi-path parallel protection rule; The wireless backhaul module is used to acquire the service data and signaling data sent by the mobile router through the corresponding port, and encapsulate the service data and signaling data using an air interface protocol to obtain an air interface interactive data packet; it is also used to identify the type of data from the original access base station according to the second port, and if the data from the original access base station is N3 interface signaling data, then transmit the N3 interface signaling data according to a preset priority protection rule; The backhaul base station is used to demodulate the air interface interactive data packets, encapsulate the demodulated data based on the service interface protocol and the signaling interface protocol, and transmit the obtained signaling data and service data of the backhaul base station to the backhaul core network module. The backhaul core network module is used to demodulate the data from the backhaul base station and send it to the target receiving network according to the corresponding destination address. 2.The access-backhaul end-to-end system of claim 1, wherein, The mobile router is also used to forward the corresponding router network management data stream to the wireless backhaul module through a preset first port; The wireless backhaul module is further configured to identify the router management data stream of the mobile router based on the first port, encapsulate the router management data stream using an air interface protocol to obtain a first air interface interactive data packet, and send the first air interface interactive data packet to the backhaul base station. It is also used to determine the corresponding device network management data stream, encapsulate the device network management data stream using an air interface protocol to obtain a second air interface interaction data packet, and send the second air interface interaction data packet to the backhaul base station; The backhaul base station is also used to demodulate the first air interface interactive data packet and the second air interface interactive data packet to obtain the corresponding network management data stream, and to encapsulate the network management data stream according to the wireless packet service protocol according to the network management device address pre-allocated by the backhaul core network module to obtain the corresponding wireless packet service network management data stream. The backhaul core network module is also used to demodulate the wireless packet service network management data stream and transmit the demodulated data to the backhaul network management server according to the network management destination address.

3. The access backhaul end-to-end system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The backhaul core network module is also used to send the network management configuration data stream to the wireless backhaul module based on the backhaul network management server; The wireless backhaul module is further configured to demodulate the network management configuration data stream. If the demodulated data is the first configuration data corresponding to the wireless backhaul module, the module performs corresponding configuration based on the first configuration data to enable the backhaul core network module to remotely configure and manage the wireless backhaul module. If the demodulated data is the second configuration data corresponding to the mobile router, the module sends the second configuration data to the mobile router. The mobile router is further configured according to the second configuration data to enable the backhaul core network module to remotely configure and manage the mobile router.

4. The access backhaul end-to-end system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The device network management data stream includes at least one of the following: device identification information corresponding to the wireless backhaul module, train number information where the device is located, power status information of the device, temperature and humidity status information, and location information.

5. The access backhaul end-to-end system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: An independent network communication module is used to transmit the router network management data stream corresponding to the mobile router and the device network management data stream corresponding to the wireless backhaul module to the backhaul network management server in the backhaul core network module.

6. The access backhaul end-to-end system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The priority protection rule includes: prioritizing the transmission of signaling data through a preset slicing setting principle or the slicing strategy of the target receiving network.

7. The access backhaul end-to-end system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The target receiving network is either the operator's access core network or an industry private network.

8. The access backhaul end-to-end system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The port can be a physical port or a logical port.

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