Uplink power control

Abstract

Techniques for uplink power control (e.g., for new radio (NR)) are disclosed. A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) can determine that the WTRU is to perform first and second transmissions using first and second transmission beams. The WTRU can determine an uplink transmission power for one or more of the first or second transmissions. For example, if an angular separation of the first and second transmission beams is greater than a first separation threshold, the WTRU can determine the uplink transmission power with a first maximum power level parameter and a second maximum power level parameter. If the angular separation of the first and second transmission beams is less than a second separation threshold, the WTRU determines the uplink transmission power with a shared maximum power level parameter. The WTRU can transmit the first and second transmissions using the first and second transmission beams, respectively.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of Chinese Patent Application No. 201780070418.1 entitled "Uplink Power Control", filed on September 26, 2017, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] Cross-references to related applications

[0003] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 401,009, filed September 28, 2016; U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 474,955, filed March 22, 2017; and U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 500,809, filed May 3, 2017. The contents of these applications are incorporated herein by reference. Background Technology

[0004] Mobile communications continue to evolve. The fifth generation, which can be called 5G, enables advanced wireless communication systems known as New Radio (NR). Summary of the Invention

[0005] Systems, methods, and means for uplink power control are disclosed, for example, via a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) for new radio (NR). The WTRU can determine whether it will perform a first transmission using a first transmission beam and a second transmission using a second transmission beam. The WTRU can determine the uplink transmission power for one or more of the first or second transmissions.

[0006] In this example, the WTRU can determine the angular spacing between the first and second transmission beams. For instance, the WTRU can determine the angular spacing between the first and second transmission beams based on one or more of the angular distance, directional correlation, or spatial spacing of the first and second transmission beams. When the angular spacing between the first and second transmission beams is greater than a first spacing threshold, the WTRU can determine the uplink transmission power based on a first transmission associated with a first transmission beam having a first maximum power level parameter and a second transmission associated with a second transmission beam having a second maximum power level parameter.

[0007] When the angular spacing between the first and second transmission beams is less than a second spacing threshold, the WTRU determines the uplink transmission power based on a first transmission associated with the first transmission beam and a second transmission associated with a second transmission beam having a shared maximum power level parameter. The first spacing threshold and the second spacing threshold may have the same value.

[0008] One or more of the determined first maximum power level parameter, second maximum power level parameter, or shared maximum power level parameter may include the configured maximum transmit power (P). CMAX), where P CMAX It can be based on one or more of the following: maximum gain or maximum effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP).

[0009] The WTRU can transmit a first transmission using a first transmission beam and a second transmission using a second transmission beam. When the uplink transmission power determined for one or more of the first or second transmissions exceeds the maximum permissible power, the WTRU can perform power scaling on one or more of the first or second transmission beams based on a priority order. The priority order for performing power scaling on one or more of the first or second transmission beams can be based on one or more of the following: numerical parameters, or attributes of the first or second transmission beams, which may include one or more of the following: duration, waveform used, or transmission type.

[0010] The determined shared uplink transmission power level parameters may include EIRP level parameters. The WTRU can determine the available power associated with the first transmission beam. When the second transmission beam is transmitted together with the first transmission beam and exceeds the EIRP threshold, the WTRU can perform power allocation on one or more of the first or second transmission beams. When performing said power allocation, the WTRU can, for example, scale one or more of the first or second transmission beams to meet the EIRP threshold associated with the uplink transmission power. Scale one or more of the first or second transmission beams can be based on one or more of the following: the P CMAX The power allocation can be either the total power of the ongoing transmission of the second transmission or the guaranteed power of the second transmission. When performing the power allocation, the WTRU can, for example, determine the required transmission power of the first and second transmission beams. The WTRU can calculate a normalized required transmission power associated with the required transmission power of the first and second transmission beams. The WTRU can perform the power allocation of the first and second transmission beams based on the calculated normalized required transmission power.

[0011] The WTRU can be configured to perform power control for uplink transmissions using multiplexed digital configurations, beamforming, and related signaling. For example, the WTRU can perform uplink power control based on one or more of the following: power allocation rules, priorities, dependence on digital configurations, multiplexed digital configurations, interference (e.g., victim nodes), beamforming, and / or uplink power control related signaling. Power allocation may depend on the digital configuration. Power allocation using multiple digital configurations can take into account the maximum digital-to-analog converter (DAC) dynamic range and / or the maximum configured power. Power suitable for transmission can be guaranteed. Power allocation for transmission can use P with direction-configured power distribution. CMAXMultiple beams. Resource selection can be power-aware. Priority rules can be applied to transmissions using multiple digital configurations and / or beams. Power can be allocated based on the presence of an unwanted receiver (e.g., a victim node). Power headroom reporting can be triggered and / or calculated using multiple digital configurations. Power limits can be signaled using multiplexed digital configurations. In some applications, power sharing may not exceed EIRP requirements (e.g., based on coupling parameters). Uplink power control can use multiple waveforms. Power sharing and / or scaling determine the transmission power that can be normalized (e.g., to handle scenarios with the maximum total power of multiple configurations). Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1A This is a system diagram illustrating an exemplary communication system that can implement one or more of the disclosed embodiments.

[0013] Figure 1B This illustrates a method according to one embodiment. Figure 1A The diagram shows an example of a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) used within a communication system.

[0014] Figure 1C This illustrates a method according to one embodiment. Figure 1A The diagram shows an example radio access network (RAN) and an example core network (CN) used within the communication system.

[0015] Figure 1D This illustrates a method according to one embodiment. Figure 1A The system diagram shown illustrates another example of a RAN and another example of a CN used within the communication system.

[0016] Figure 2 An example of transmission over multiple digital configuration blocks using a radio frequency (RF) chain is shown.

[0017] Figure 3 Examples of beams in different subsets are shown.

[0018] Figure 4 An example of beams in the same subset is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0019] A detailed description of illustrative embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. While this description provides detailed examples of possible implementations, it should be noted that these details are intended to be exemplary and in no way limit the scope of this application.

[0020] Figure 1AThis is an illustration of an exemplary communication system 100 that can implement one or more of the disclosed embodiments. The communication system 100 can be a multiple access system providing voice, data, video, messaging, broadcasting, and other content to multiple wireless users. The communication system 100 enables multiple wireless users to access such content by sharing system resources, including wireless bandwidth. For example, the communication system 100 can use one or more channel access methods, such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), Zero-Tail Unique Word DFT Extended OFDM (ZT UW DTS-s OFDM), Unique Word OFDM (UW-OFDM), Resource Block Filtering OFDM, and Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC), etc.

[0021] like Figure 1A As shown, the communication system 100 may include wireless transmit / receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, RAN 104 / 113, CN 106 / 115, public switched telephone network (PSTN) 108, Internet 110, and other networks 112. However, it should be understood that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and / or network components. Each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d can be any type of device configured to operate and / or communicate in a wireless environment. For example, any one of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d may be referred to as a “station” and / or “STA”. WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals and may include user equipment (UE), mobile stations, fixed or mobile subscriber units, subscription-based units, pagers, cellular phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), smartphones, laptops, netbooks, personal computers, wireless sensors, hotspots or Mi-Fi devices, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, watches or other wearable devices, head-mounted displays (HMDs), vehicles, drones, medical devices and applications (e.g., remote surgery), industrial devices and applications (e.g., robots and / or other wireless devices operating in industrial and / or automated processing chain environments), consumer electronics devices, and devices operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, etc. Any one of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d may be interchangeably referred to as a UE.

[0022] The communication system 100 may also include base stations 114a and / or 114b. Each of base stations 114a and / or 114b may be any type of device configured to wirelessly interface with at least one of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to enable its access to one or more communication networks (e.g., CN 106 / 115, Internet 110, and / or other networks 112). For example, base stations 114a and 114b may be base transceiver stations (BTS), node B, e-node B, home node B, home e-node B, gNB, NR node B, site controller, access point (AP), and wireless routers, etc. Although each of base stations 114a and 114b is described as a single component, it should be understood that base stations 114a and 114b may include any number of interconnected base stations and / or network components.

[0023] Base station 114a may be part of RAN 104 / 113, and the RAN may also include other base stations and / or network components (not shown), such as base station controllers (BSCs), radio network controllers (RNCs), relay nodes, etc. Base station 114a and / or base station 114b may be configured to transmit and / or receive radio signals on one or more carrier frequencies called cells (not shown). These frequencies may be in licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of licensed and unlicensed spectrum. A cell may provide radio service coverage for a specific geographic area that is relatively fixed or may change over time. A cell may be further divided into cell sectors. For example, the cell associated with base station 114a may be divided into three sectors. Thus, in one embodiment, base station 114a may include three transceivers, that is, each transceiver corresponds to one sector of the cell. In one embodiment, base station 114a may use multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology and may use multiple transceivers for each sector of the cell. For example, by using beamforming, signals can be transmitted and / or received in a desired spatial direction.

[0024] Base stations 114a and 114b can communicate with one or more of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d via air interface 116, wherein the air interface can be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, centimeter wave, millimeter wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.). Air interface 116 can be established using any suitable radio access technology (RAT).

[0025] More specifically, as described above, the communication system 100 can be a multiple access system and can use one or more channel access schemes, such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, and SC-FDMA, etc. For example, base station 114a in RAN 104 / 113 and WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can implement a certain radio technology, such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), wherein the technology can use Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) to establish air interfaces 115 / 116 / 117. WCDMA may include communication protocols such as High-Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA) and / or Evolved HSPA (HSPA+). HSPA may include High-Speed ​​Downlink (DL) Packet Access (HSDPA) and / or High-Speed ​​UL Packet Access (HSUPA).

[0026] In one embodiment, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a certain radio technology, such as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), wherein the technology may use Long Term Evolution (LTE) and / or Advanced LTE (LTE-A) and / or Advanced LTA Pro (LTE-A Pro) to establish air interface 116.

[0027] In one embodiment, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology that can establish an air interface 116 using a novel radio (NR), such as NR radio access.

[0028] In one embodiment, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can implement multiple radio access technologies. For example, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can jointly implement LTE radio access and NR radio access (e.g., using the dual connectivity (DC) principle). Thus, the air interface used by WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can be characterized by multiple types of radio access technologies and / or transmissions sent to / from multiple types of base stations (e.g., eNBs and gNBs).

[0029] In other embodiments, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement the following radio technologies, such as IEEE 802.11 (i.e., WiFi), IEEE 802.16 (Global Microwave Access Interoperability (WiMAX)), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO, Provisional Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Provisional Standard 95 (IS-95), Provisional Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution (EDGE), and GSM EDGE (GERAN), etc.

[0030] Figure 1A Base station 114b can be, for example, a wireless router, home node B, home e node B, or access point, and can use any suitable RAT to facilitate wireless connectivity in a local area, such as a business premises, residence, vehicle, campus, industrial facility, air corridor (e.g., for use by drones), and road, etc. In one embodiment, base station 114b and WTRUs 102c, 102d can establish a wireless local area network (WLAN) by implementing a radio technology such as IEEE 802.11. In one embodiment, base station 114b and WTRUs 102c, 102d can establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN) by implementing a radio technology such as IEEE 802.15. In yet another embodiment, base station 114b and WTRUs 102c, 102d can establish a picocell or femtocell by using a cellular-based RAT (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR, etc.). Figure 1A As shown, base station 114b can be directly connected to the Internet 110. Therefore, base station 114b does not need to access the Internet 110 via CN 106 / 115.

[0031] RAN 104 / 113 can communicate with CN 106 / 15, which can be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, application, and / or Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d. This data can have different Quality of Service (QoS) requirements, such as different throughput requirements, latency requirements, fault tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data throughput requirements, and mobility requirements, etc. CN 106 / 115 can provide call control, billing services, location-based services, prepaid calling, Internet connectivity, video distribution, etc., and / or can perform advanced security functions such as user authentication. Although in Figure 1AWhile not shown, it should be understood that RAN104 / 113 and / or CN 106 / 115 can communicate directly or indirectly with other RANs that use the same RAT or a different RAT as RAN 104 / 113. For example, in addition to connecting to RAN 104 / 113 which uses NR radio technology, CN106 / 115 can also communicate with other RANs (not shown) that use GSM, UMTS, CDMA 2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or WiFi radio technologies.

[0032] CN 106 / 115 may also act as a gateway for WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to access PSTN 108, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. PSTN 108 may include a circuit-switched telephone network providing Simple Old-Style Telephone Service (POTS). The Internet 110 may include a global network of interconnected computer equipment systems using common communication protocols, such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and / or Internet Protocol (IP) from the TCP / IP Internet Protocol suite. Network 112 may include wired and / or wireless communication networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. For example, network 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs, wherein the one or more RANs may use the same RAT or a different RAT as RAN 104 / 113.

[0033] Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d in communication system 100 may include multi-mode capability (e.g., WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d may include multiple transceivers communicating with different wireless networks on different wireless links). For example, Figure 1A The WTRU 102c shown can be configured to communicate with base station 114a using cellular-based radio technology, and with base station 114b using IEEE 802 radio technology.

[0034] Figure 1B This is a system diagram illustrating an example of WTRU 102. (See diagram below.) Figure 1B As shown, WTRU 102 may include a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmitter / receiver unit 122, a speaker / microphone 124, a numeric keypad 126, a display / touchpad 128, non-removable memory 130, removable memory 132, a power supply 134, a Global Positioning System (GPS) chipset 136, and / or other peripheral devices 138. It should be understood that, while remaining consistent with the embodiments, WTRU 102 may also include any sub-combination of the foregoing components.

[0035] Processor 118 can be a general-purpose processor, a special-purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors associated with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) circuit, any other type of integrated circuit (IC), and a state machine, etc. Processor 118 can perform signal encoding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other function that enables WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment. Processor 118 can be coupled to transceiver 120, and transceiver 120 can be coupled to transmitting / receiving unit 122. Although Figure 1B While the processor 118 and transceiver 120 are described as separate components, it should be understood that the processor 118 and transceiver 120 can also be integrated into a single electronic component or chip.

[0036] Transmit / receive component 122 may be configured to transmit signals to or receive signals from a base station (e.g., base station 114a) via air interface 116. For example, in one embodiment, transmit / receive component 122 may be an antenna configured to transmit and / or receive RF signals. In one embodiment, transmit / receive component 122 may be an emitter / detector configured to transmit and / or receive, for example, IR, UV, or visible light signals. In yet another embodiment, transmit / receive component 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive both RF and optical signals. It should be understood that transmit / receive component 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive any combination of wireless signals.

[0037] Although Figure 1B While the transmit / receive component 122 is described as a single component, the WTRU 102 may include any number of transmit / receive components 122. More specifically, the WTRU 102 may use MIMO technology. Thus, in one embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include two or more transmit / receive components 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) that transmit and receive wireless signals via the air interface 116.

[0038] Transceiver 120 can be configured to modulate signals to be transmitted by transmitter / receiver 122 and demodulate signals received by transmitter / receiver 122. As described above, WTRU 102 can have multimode capability. Therefore, transceiver 120 can include multiple transceivers that allow WTRU 102 to communicate using various RATs (e.g., NR and IEEE 802.11).

[0039] The processor 118 of WTRU 102 can be coupled to a speaker / microphone 124, a numeric keypad 126, and / or a display / touchpad 128 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) unit or an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display unit), and can receive user input data from these components. The processor 118 can also output user data to the speaker / microphone 124, the numeric keypad 126, and / or the display / touchpad 128. Furthermore, the processor 118 can access information and store data in any suitable memory, such as non-removable memory 130 and / or removable memory 132. Non-removable memory 130 can include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device. Removable memory 132 can include a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a memory stick, a secure digital card (SD) memory card, etc. In other embodiments, the processor 118 can access information and store data in memory that is not actually located in WTRU 102; for example, such memory could be located in a server or home computer (not shown).

[0040] The processor 118 can receive power from the power supply 134 and can be configured to distribute and / or control power for other components in the WTRU 102. The power supply 134 can be any suitable device that powers the WTRU 102. For example, the power supply 134 may include one or more dry cell battery packs (such as nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd), nickel-zinc (Ni-Zn), nickel metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), etc.), solar cells, and fuel cells, etc.

[0041] The processor 118 may also be coupled to a GPS chipset 136, which may be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) related to the current location of the WTRU 102. As a supplement or replacement to the information from the GPS chipset 136, the WTRU 102 may receive location information from base stations (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) via the air interface 116, and / or determine its location based on signal timing received from two or more nearby base stations. It should be understood that, while remaining consistent with the embodiments, the WTRU 102 may acquire location information using any suitable positioning method.

[0042] The processor 118 can also be coupled to other peripheral devices 138, which may include one or more software and / or hardware modules providing additional features, functions, and / or wired or wireless connectivity. For example, peripheral devices 138 may include accelerometers, electronic compasses, satellite transceivers, digital cameras (for photos and / or video), Universal Serial Bus (USB) ports, vibration devices, television transceivers, hands-free headsets, etc. Modules, FM radio units, digital music players, media players, video game console modules, internet browsers, virtual reality and / or augmented reality (VR / AR) devices, and activity trackers, etc. Peripheral devices 138 may include one or more sensors, which may be one or more of the following: gyroscopes, accelerometers, Hall effect sensors, magnetometers, orientation sensors, proximity sensors, temperature sensors, time sensors, geolocation sensors, altimeters, light sensors, touch sensors, magnetometers, barometers, gesture sensors, biometric sensors, and / or humidity sensors.

[0043] WTRU 102 may include a full-duplex radio device for which the reception or transmission of some or all signals (e.g., associated with specific subframes for UL (e.g., for transmission) and downlink (e.g., for reception)) can be concurrent and / or simultaneous. The full-duplex radio device may include an interference management unit that reduces and / or substantially eliminates self-interference by means of hardware (e.g., choke coils) or by means of a processor (e.g., a separate processor (not shown) or by means of processor 118). In one embodiment, WTRU 102 may include a half-duplex radio device for which the transmission or reception of some or all signals (e.g., associated with specific subframes for UL (e.g., for transmission) or downlink (e.g., for reception)) can be concurrent and / or simultaneous.

[0044] Figure 1C This is a system diagram illustrating RAN 104 and CN 106 according to one embodiment. As described above, RAN 104 can communicate with WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c via air interface 116 using E-UTRA radio technology. RAN 104 can also communicate with CN 106.

[0045] RAN 104 may include eNodeBs 160a, 160b, and 160c; however, it should be understood that RAN 104 may include any number of eNodeBs while remaining consistent with the embodiments. Each of eNodeBs 160a, 160b, and 160c may include one or more transceivers communicating with WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c via air interface 116. In one embodiment, eNodeBs 160a, 160b, and 160c may implement MIMO technology. Thus, for example, eNodeB 140a may use multiple antennas to transmit radio signals to and / or receive radio signals from WTRU 102a.

[0046] Each of eNodeB 160a, 160b, and 160c can be associated with a specific cell (not shown) and can be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, user scheduling in UL and / or DL, etc. For example... Figure 1C As shown, nodes B160a, 160b, and 160c can communicate with each other via the X2 interface.

[0047] Figure 1C The CN 106 shown may include a Mobility Management Entity (MME) 162, a Serving Gateway (SGW) 164, and a Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway (or PGW) 166. While each of the foregoing components is described as part of the CN 106, it should be understood that any of these components may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0048] MME 162 can connect to each of the eNodeBs 162a, 162b, and 162c in RAN 104 via the S1 interface and can act as a control node. For example, MME 162 can be responsible for authenticating users of WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c, performing bearer activation / deactivation processes, and selecting a specific serving gateway during the initial attach process of WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c, etc. MME 162 can also provide control plane functionality for handover between RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) using other radio technologies (such as GSM and / or WCDMA).

[0049] The SGW 164 can connect to each of the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, and 160c in RAN 104 via the S1 interface. The SGW 164 typically routes and forwards user data packets to / from WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c. Furthermore, the SGW 164 can perform other functions, such as anchoring the user plane during eNB handover, triggering paging processes when DL data is available to WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c, and managing and storing the context of WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c, etc.

[0050] SGW 164 can be connected to PGW 146, which can provide packet-switched network (e.g., Internet 110) access for WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c to facilitate communication between WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[0051] CN 106 can facilitate communication with other networks. For example, CN 106 can provide circuit-switched network (e.g., PSTN 108) access for WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c to facilitate communication between WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c and conventional landline communication equipment. For example, CN 106 may include or communicate with an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server), and the IP gateway may act as an interface between CN 106 and PSTN 108. Furthermore, CN 106 can provide WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[0052] Although Figure 1A-1D The WTRU is described as a wireless terminal; however, it should be understood that in some typical embodiments, such a terminal may use a wired communication interface (e.g., temporary or permanent) with the communication network.

[0053] In a typical embodiment, the other network 112 may be a WLAN.

[0054] A WLAN employing an Infrastructure Basic Services Set (BSS) model may have an Access Point (AP) for the BSS and one or more Stations (STAs) associated with the AP. The AP may access or interface with a Distributed System (DS) or other types of wired / wireless networks that send traffic into and / or out of the BSS. Traffic originating outside the BSS and destined for a STA can be delivered to the STA via the AP. Traffic originating from a STA and destined for an external BSS can be sent to the AP for delivery to the appropriate destination. Traffic between STAs within the BSS can be sent via the AP, for example, where the source STA can send traffic to the AP and the AP can deliver the traffic to the destination STA. Traffic between STAs within the BSS may be considered and / or referred to as point-to-point traffic. Point-to-point traffic can be sent between the source and destination STAs (e.g., directly therebetween) using a Direct Link Establishment (DLS). In some typical embodiments, the DLS may use 802.11e DLS or 802.11z Tunneled DLS (TDLS). A WLAN using the Standalone BSS (IBSS) mode may not have an access point (AP) and can communicate directly with each other within the IBSS or with STAs using the IBSS (e.g., all STAs). Here, the IBSS communication mode is sometimes referred to as the "ad-hoc" communication mode.

[0055] When operating in 802.11ac infrastructure mode or a similar mode, the AP can transmit beacons on a fixed channel (e.g., the primary channel). The primary channel can have a fixed width (e.g., a 20 MHz bandwidth) or a width dynamically set via signaling. The primary channel can be the operating channel of the BSS and can be used by STAs to establish connections with the AP. In some typical embodiments, carrier-sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA / CA) can be implemented (e.g., in an 802.11 system). For CSMA / CA, STAs, including the AP (e.g., each STA), can sense the primary channel. If a particular STA senses / detects and / or determines that the primary channel is busy, that particular STA can fall back. In a given BSS, at any given time, there is only one STA (e.g., only one station) transmitting.

[0056] High-throughput (HT) STAs can communicate using channels with a width of 40 MHz (e.g., by combining a 20 MHz main channel with adjacent or non-adjacent 20 MHz channels to form a 40 MHz channel).

[0057] Very High Throughput (VHT) STAs can support channels with widths of 20MHz, 40MHz, 80MHz, and / or 160MHz. 40MHz and / or 80MHz channels can be formed by combining consecutive 20MHz channels. A 160MHz channel can be formed by combining eight consecutive 20MHz channels or by combining two non-consecutive 80MHz channels (this combination is referred to as an 80+80 configuration). For the 80+80 configuration, after channel coding, data is transmitted and passed through a segmented parser that splits the data into two streams. Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing and time-domain processing can be performed individually on each stream. The streams can be mapped onto two 80MHz channels, and the data can be transmitted by the STA performing the transmission. On the receiver of the STA performing the reception, the above operations for the 80+80 configuration can be reversed, and the combined data can be sent to the Media Access Control (MAC).

[0058] 802.11af and 802.11ah support sub-1 GHz operating modes. Compared to 802.11n and 802.11ac, the channel operating bandwidth and carrier used in 802.11af and 802.11ah are reduced. 802.11af supports 5 MHz, 10 MHz, and 20 MHz bandwidths in the TV white space (TVWS) spectrum, while 802.11ah supports 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, and 16 MHz bandwidths using non-TVWS spectrum. According to a typical embodiment, 802.11ah can support instrument-type control / machine-type communication (e.g., MTC devices in macro coverage areas). MTCs may have certain capabilities, such as limited capabilities including support (e.g., only support) certain and / or limited bandwidths. MTC devices may include a battery with a battery life exceeding a threshold (e.g., for maintaining a very long battery life).

[0059] For WLAN systems that can support multiple channels (e.g., 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11af, and 802.11ah) and channel bandwidths, these systems include a channel that can be designated as the primary channel. The bandwidth of the primary channel can be equal to the maximum common operating bandwidth supported by all STAs in the BSS. The bandwidth of the primary channel can be set and / or limited by a single STA, which is derived from all STAs operating in the BSS supporting the minimum bandwidth operating mode. In the example regarding 802.11ah, even if the AP and other STAs in the BSS support 2MHz, 4MHz, 8MHz, 16MHz, and / or other channel bandwidth operating modes, the primary channel width can be 1MHz for STAs that support (e.g., only support) the 1MHz mode (e.g., MTC type devices). Carrier sensing and / or Network Allocation Vector (NAV) settings can depend on the status of the primary channel. If the primary channel is busy (e.g., because an STA (which only supports the 1MHz operating mode) is transmitting to the AP), then the entire available band can be considered busy even if most of the frequency band remains idle and available.

[0060] In the United States, the available frequency band for 802.11ah is 902MHz to 928MHz. In South Korea, the available frequency band is 917.5MHz to 923.5MHz. In Japan, the available frequency band is 916.5MHz to 927.5MHz. Depending on the country code, the total bandwidth available for 802.11ah is 6MHz to 26MHz.

[0061] Figure 1D This is a system diagram illustrating RAN 113 and CN 115 according to one embodiment. As described above, RAN 113 can communicate with WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c via air interface 116 using NR radio technology. RAN 113 can also communicate with CN 115.

[0062] RAN 113 may include gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c; however, it should be understood that RAN 113 may include any number of gNBs while remaining consistent with the embodiments. Each of gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may include one or more transceivers for communicating with WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c via air interface 116. In one embodiment, gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement MIMO technology. For example, gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may use beamforming to transmit signals to and / or receive signals from gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c. Thus, for example, gNB 160a may use multiple antennas to transmit radio signals to and / or receive radio signals from WTRU 102a. In one embodiment, gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement carrier aggregation technology. For example, gNB 180a may transmit multiple component carriers (not shown) to WTR 102a. A subset of these component carriers may be on unlicensed spectrum, while the remaining component carriers may be on licensed spectrum. In one embodiment, gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement Cooperative Multipoint (CoMP) technology. For example, WTR 102a may receive cooperative transmissions from gNBs 180a and 180b (and / or gNB 180c).

[0063] WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c using transmissions associated with scalable digital configurations. For example, the OFDM symbol spacing and / or OFDM subcarrier spacing can be different for different transmissions, different cells, and / or different portions of the radio transmission spectrum. WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c using subframes or transmission time intervals (TTIs) of different or scalable lengths (e.g., containing different numbers of OFDM symbols and / or varying absolute durations).

[0064] gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c can be configured to communicate with WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c in standalone and / or non-standalone configurations. In standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c without accessing other RANs (e.g., eNodeBs 160a, 160b, and 160c). In standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can use one or more of gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c as mobile anchors. In standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can use signals in unlicensed frequency bands to communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c. In a non-standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c communicate / connect with gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c simultaneously with other RANs (e.g., eNodeBs 160a, 160b, and 160c). For example, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate substantially simultaneously with one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c, as well as one or more eNodeBs 160a, 160b, and 160c, by implementing DC principles. In a non-standalone configuration, eNodeBs 160a, 160b, and 160c can act as mobile anchors for WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c, and gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c can provide additional coverage and / or throughput to service WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c.

[0065] Each of gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c can be associated with a specific cell (not shown) and can be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, user scheduling in UL and / or DL, support network slicing, implement dual connectivity, implement interoperability processing between NR and E-UTRA, route user plane data to User Plane Functions (UPF) 184a and 184b, and route control plane information to Access and Mobility Management Functions (AMF) 182a and 182b, etc. Figure 1D As shown, gNB 180a, 180b, and 180c can communicate with each other via the X2 interface.

[0066] Figure 1DThe CN 115 shown may include at least one AMF 182a, 182b, at least one UPF 184a, 184b, at least one Session Management Function (SMF) 183a, 183b, and may include data network (DN) 185a, 185b. While each of the foregoing components is described as part of CN 115, it should be understood that any of these components may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0067] AMF 182a and 182b can connect to one or more of gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c in RAN 113 via the N2 interface and can act as control nodes. For example, AMF 182a and 182b can be responsible for authenticating users of WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c, supporting network slicing (e.g., handling different PDU sessions with different needs), selecting specific SMFs 183a and 183b, managing registration areas, terminating NAS signaling, and mobility management, etc. AMF 182a and 1823b can use network slicing to customize the CN support provided to WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c based on the service types used by WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c. As an example, different network slices can be established for different use cases, such as services that rely on Ultra Reliable Low Latency (URLLC) access, services that rely on Enhanced Massive Mobile Broadband (eMBB) access, and / or services for Machine Type Communication (MTC) access, etc. AMF 162 can provide control plane functionality for switching between RAN 113 and other RANs (not shown) that use other radio technologies, such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, and / or non-3GPP access technologies such as WiFi.

[0068] SMFs 183a and 183b can connect to AMFs 182a and 182b in CN 115 via the N11 interface. SMFs 183a and 183b can also connect to UPFs 184a and 184b in CN 115 via the N4 interface. SMFs 183a and 183b can select and control UPFs 184a and 184b, and can configure service routing through UPFs 184a and 184b. SMFs 183a and 183b can perform other functions, such as managing and allocating UE IP addresses, managing PDU sessions, controlling policy enforcement and QoS, and providing downlink data notifications. PDU session types can be IP-based, non-IP-based, and Ethernet-based, etc.

[0069] UPF 184a and 184b can be connected to one or more of gNB 180a, 180b, and 180c in RAN 113 via the N3 interface, thus providing WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c with access to a packet-switched network (e.g., Internet 110) to facilitate communication between WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c and IP-enabled devices. UPF 184 and 184b can perform other functions, such as routing and forwarding packets, enforcing user plane policies, supporting multihomed PDU sessions, handling user plane QoS, buffering downlink packets, and providing mobility anchoring, etc.

[0070] CN 115 can facilitate communication with other networks. For example, CN 115 may include or can communicate with an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) that acts as an interface between CN 115 and CN 108. Furthermore, CN 115 can provide WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. In one embodiment, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can be connected to local data networks (DNs) 185a and 185b via the N3 interface connected to UPFs 184a and 184b and the N6 interface between UPFs 184a and 184b and DNs 185a and 185b.

[0071] In view of Figure 1A-1D And about Figure 1A-1D The corresponding descriptions herein refer to one or more of the functions described below, which can be performed by one or more emulation devices (not shown): WTRU 102a-d, Base Station 114a-b, eNodeB 160a-c, MME 162, SGW 164, PGW 166, gNB 180a-c, AMF 182a-b, UPF 184a-b, SMF 183a-b, DN 185a-b, and / or one or more other devices described herein. These emulation devices can be one or more devices configured to simulate one or more of the functions described herein. For example, these emulation devices can be used to test other devices and / or simulate network and / or WTRU functions.

[0072] The simulation device can be designed to perform one or more tests on other devices in a laboratory environment and / or a carrier network environment. For example, the one or more simulation devices can perform one or more functions while being implemented and / or deployed, wholly or partially, as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network, to test other devices within the communication network. The one or more simulation devices can perform one or more functions while being temporarily implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. The simulation device can be directly coupled to other devices to perform tests, and / or can use over-the-air wireless communication to perform tests.

[0073] One or more simulation devices can perform one or more functions, including all functionalities, without being implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. For example, the simulation device can be used in a test laboratory and / or a test scenario where a wired and / or wireless communication network is not deployed (e.g., under test) to perform tests on one or more components. The one or more simulation devices can be test equipment. The simulation device can transmit and / or receive data using direct RF coupling and / or wireless communication via RF circuitry (e.g., the circuitry may include one or more antennas).

[0074] The next generation of wireless systems is called New Radio (NR). NR access technology can support many use cases, such as Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communication (URLLC), and / or Massive Machine-Type Communication (mMTC). For example, each use case may have its own set of requirements regarding spectral efficiency, low latency, and / or massive connectivity.

[0075] Cellular wireless systems (e.g., NR) may involve uplink (UL) power control mechanisms for power allocation, uplink adaptation, and / or interference mitigation (e.g., for coexistence).

[0076] NR can support carrier aggregation (CA) and / or dual connectivity (DC). NR (e.g., in a DC configuration) can be implemented as a secondary cell or as an aggregated cell combined with an LTE cell or an aggregated cell. This scenario can be referred to as non-standalone (NSA) NR operation. NR can be the anchor in a DC, which can involve standalone operation (SA).

[0077] NR can support operation with more than one subcarrier spacing value. Values ​​can be derived from 15kHz, for example, by multiplying or dividing by a power of 2. This operation can be called scalable digital configuration.

[0078] A WTRU can have a reference digital configuration within a given NR carrier. For example, a WTRU can have one reference digital configuration within a given NR carrier. The reference digital configuration can define the duration of the carrier. For example, the reference digital configuration can define the duration of a subframe of the carrier.

[0079] The duration of a subframe with a reference digital configuration having a subcarrier spacing of (2m*15)kHz (e.g., in NR) can be 1 / 2 m ms.

[0080] NR can support multiplexing digital configurations in time and / or frequency within or across subframes, for example, from the perspective of WTRU.

[0081] In the digital configuration used for transmission, a time slot can have a duration of y OFDM symbols. An integer number of time slots can be adapted to (e.g., a) subframe duration, for example, when the subcarrier spacing can be greater than or equal to the spacing of the reference digital configuration. A micro-time slot can be a transmission shorter than y OFDM symbols.

[0082] Use cases for NR UL power control may include one or more of the following: (i) standalone NR single-carrier operation (e.g., using a single digital configuration or multiplexed digital configuration); (ii) NR carrier aggregation multiplexing digital configuration (e.g., in the same carrier or in different carriers in the same or different frequency bands); and / or (iii) NR in a DC with different digital configurations.

[0083] The WTRU can make power allocation decisions. For example, the WTRU can make a power allocation decision for each transmission time unit. The WTRU can make power allocation decisions considering one or more of the following factors: (i) path loss measurement and / or estimation; (ii) UL licenses (one or more) received from the network; (iii) unscheduled or unlicensed transmissions (e.g., for URLLC transmissions); (iv) whether there might be ongoing transmissions on the configured carrier or digital configuration for the corresponding transmission time unit; (v) how the WTRU selects resources based on available power; (vi) beamforming-related information; and / or (vii) whether there might be concurrent transmissions of different types that could be served simultaneously. Concurrent transmissions can lead to one or more determinations (e.g., by the WTRU) regarding priorities in power allocation, for example, for each carrier, across carriers, across multiplexed digital configurations, and / or across services (e.g., URLLC and / or eMBB).

[0084] Power allocation can be determined for SA NR single-carrier mode. For example, power allocation can be determined for SA NR single-carrier mode with a single or multiplexed digital configuration in the frequency and / or time domains. One or more digital configurations multiplexed in a carrier (e.g., a single carrier) in frequency division multiplexing (FDM) or time division multiplexing (TDM) modes may have different requirements (e.g., eMBB vs. URLLC).

[0085] Power allocation can be determined for SA NR carrier aggregation (CA) or DC, wherein the CA or DC can be general or specific for digital configuration and multiplexing digital configuration.

[0086] One or more rules and / or triggers can be defined for power control-related signaling (e.g., power margin reporting) or power limiting signaling.

[0087] One or more examples as described herein may be presented in the context of a 5G wireless system (e.g., NR). The topics discussed herein are presented as examples and may be applicable to other systems. In a wide variety of implementations, the topics may be used in any manner and in any order or reordering (e.g., together with other systems): partially, entirely, individually, or in combination.

[0088] Power allocation can depend on digital configuration and / or one or more waveforms. In the example, the power allocation used for transmission can be adjusted to be proportional to the subcarrier spacing value or waveform used for transmission. For example, this can be done by introducing a formula such as 10log10(N) into the power allocation formula. i,c This is achieved through the items of N. i,c It can be the subcarrier carrier spacing (SCS) value that can be used for transmission (e.g., SCS). i,c ) and reference subcarrier spacing (e.g., SCS) ref The ratio between () and (). The reference subcarrier spacing could be, for example, 15 kHz. This example method can provide a power spectral density at the receiver that remains constant for a given number of physical resource blocks across possible subcarrier spacing values. In the example, the power allocation can be given by Equation 1:

[0089]

[0090] Index 'x' can refer to a transmission type (e.g., an uplink physical channel such as Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), an uplink probe signal such as Voice Reference Signal (SRS), or an uplink demodulation reference signal such as DM-RS). Index 'i' can refer to a resource block using the same digital configuration (e.g., digital configuration block) or Spectrum Operation Mode (SOM). Index 'c' can refer to a cell, supercell, or carrier. Index 'q' can refer to a specific time interval, such as a subframe, time slot, or microslot.

[0091] The offset value can depend on the waveform and / or subcarrier spacing, which allows for adjustments to the power distribution.

[0092] Parameter P CMAX,i,c (q) can refer to the maximum transmission power configured for digital configuration block i in cell c during time interval q. In the example, parameter P CMAX,i,c (q) can depend on beam direction, beam processing and / or waveform.

[0093] Parameter P 0_x_i,c (q), α i,c , and / or Δ TFi,c (q) can be configured by higher layers, for example, for each cell c, each digital configuration block i, and / or for each waveform, and / or for each type of transmission x. One or more parameters described herein can be interpreted, for example, similar to LTE.

[0094] Parameter f i,c (q) can correspond to a transmit power control command that can be received from downlink control information applicable to transmission. In the example, parameter f i,c (q) For one or more (e.g., all) numeric configuration blocks i, they can be similar or identical. In the example, parameter f i,c (q) can be applied (for example, only to) some digital configuration blocks i and / or some waveforms.

[0095] Parameter PL i,c This can correspond to a path loss estimate associated with a cell and / or digital configuration block, which can be based on measurements of a reference signal and / or on assumed transmission power that can be configured by higher layers (e.g., cell-specific and / or digital configuration block-specific). The WTRU can be configured to determine resources for the applicable reference signal. For example, resources for the applicable reference signal can be provided to the WTRU semi-statically (e.g., through configuration). For example, resources for the applicable reference signal can be provided dynamically (e.g., via downlink control information).

[0096] In the example, the power allocation for transmission can be the frequency allocation for transmission (which can be represented as the number M of physical resource blocks of the reference subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz)). ref The function is ). For example, a transmission using a 60kHz subcarrier spacing can have a frequency allocation of M physical resource blocks for the 60kHz subcarrier spacing. This can be equivalent to a frequency allocation of Mref = (60 / 15)M = 4M in the reference digital configuration. In the example, the power allocation (e.g., using the example method described herein) can be given by Equation 2:

[0097]

[0098] Power allocation can be waveform-dependent. The WTRU can be configured to transmit using one or more of multiple waveforms (e.g., Cyclic Prefix-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (CP-OFDM) and / or SC-FDMA). One or more of the following can be used to instruct the WTRU to use a waveform for UL transmission: an indication in the UL license (e.g., an indication regarding the waveform type may be included in the UL license); and / or a semi-static configuration.

[0099] The WTRU may select the waveform type by using one or more of the following: (i) the control channel type for UL licensing (e.g., some parameters of the control channel for licensing UL resources (e.g., frequency location, digital configuration, and / or beam) may be coupled to a specific waveform); (ii) the search space coupled to the waveform; (iii) the UL transmission type (e.g., scheduled UL transmissions may use a first waveform, and unscheduled (e.g., unlicensed) UL transmissions may use a second waveform, and / or continuous allocations may use a first waveform, while non-continuous allocations may use a second waveform); (iv) the service type (e.g., URLLC transmissions may use a waveform different from eMBB); (v) the number of retransmissions (e.g., the first transmission may use a first waveform, while retransmissions may use a second waveform); (vi) the beam processing ID; and / or (vii) the physical channel (e.g., PUSCH may use a first waveform, while long physical uplink control channels (PUCCHs) (e.g., PUCCHs spanning multiple symbols) may use a second waveform, while short PUCCHs (e.g., PUCCHs using one or two symbols) may use a third waveform).

[0100] The WTRU can determine that it can change the waveform used for UL transmission. Triggers for changing the waveform type may include selection of the waveform type as described herein and / or one or more of the following: (i) channel characteristics (e.g., the WTRU may use path loss values ​​to determine the waveform to be used); and / or (ii) determination based on the available power for each waveform type.

[0101] The WTRU may use one or more of the following to indicate to the network that it has determined that it can change the waveform: (i) by sending a Power Headroom Report (PHR) for one or more waveform types described herein; (ii) by sending a buffer status (e.g., indicating that the WTRU may have little remaining data in its buffer and can tolerate delays associated with waveforms that have large coding gains (e.g., small transport block sizes) due to power limitations); and / or (iii) by a feedback report that may include a preferred waveform type (e.g., including measurements (e.g., channel characteristics) to enable the network to determine the optimal waveform).

[0102] A WTRU can transmit using multiple waveforms. For example, a WTRU can transmit using multiple waveforms simultaneously. The power control parameters discussed herein can be applied according to transmission groups and / or categorized by the waveforms used. For example, one or more (e.g., all) transmissions using the SC-FDMA type can be controlled by one or more power control formulas using a first set of parameters, and one or more (e.g., all) transmissions using CP-OFDM can be controlled by one or more power control formulas using a second set of parameters. The parameters for each waveform can be specific to the case of multiple simultaneous waveform transmissions.

[0103] Parameter P CMAX,i,c (q) can refer to the maximum transmission power configured for digital configuration block i in cell c during time interval q, and can depend on the waveform used. The parameters of each waveform (e.g., P) CMAX,i,c (q), waveform-specific offset and / or compensation coefficient α i,c The parameter can depend on whether multiple waveforms are transmitted simultaneously. The parameter can depend on the relative size of the total allocation for each waveform. For example, P for simultaneous transmission of the first and second waveforms... CMAX,i,c The (q) value can be based on the assumption that it is assigned the same size. Any difference from this may result in scaling of the P value used for transmission of each waveform. CMAX,i,c (q) values ​​(e.g., scaling up for larger relative assignments and scaling down for smaller relative assignments). For example, the scaling could be a function of the relative and / or absolute assignments for each waveform type.

[0104] Waveforms can use discontinuous transmission (e.g., transmission over blocks via non-adjacent Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs)). Contiguous PRB blocks can have a set of (e.g., specific) parameters (e.g., P...). CMAX,i,c (q), waveform-specific offset and / or compensation coefficient α i,cThe appropriate parameters to use may depend on the location of the block within the entire user and / or carrier spectrum. The parameter values ​​may depend on the number and / or location of simultaneously non-contiguous blocks (e.g., of the same or different waveforms). For example, a first set of parameters may be used per block (e.g., assuming n non-contiguous blocks are being transmitted). A second set of parameters per block may be used to determine the power of the remaining nx non-contiguous blocks to be transmitted (e.g., if a priority rule determines to discard x blocks).

[0105] Transmit Power Control (TPC) commands (e.g., f in the power control formula described herein) i,c (q) can be waveform-specific. A WTRU can maintain one or more loops, such as one loop per waveform and / or beam. TPC commands can be used to indicate (e.g., dynamically indicate) waveform switching. A waveform can enable higher transmit power. For example, when a WTRU receives a TPC command that pushes it beyond the transmit power capability of a first waveform, the WTRU can use a second waveform with remaining available power. The WTRU can indicate to the network that it has switched or that it will switch to a different waveform type.

[0106] A power control loop can be maintained by using one or more different waveforms. A TPC command that causes a waveform switch can reset some values ​​of the closed-loop power control. For example, accumulated TPC commands can cause an increase in the transmitted power (e.g., a continuous increase) (e.g., until the waveform is dynamically switched and the transmitted power is reset to a lower value). TPC commands (e.g., future commands) can act on new reset values ​​and / or new waveform types.

[0107] Power allocation with multiple digital configurations can take into account the maximum DAC dynamic range and / or the maximum configuration power. In the example, the transmission can utilize the resources of one or more digital configuration blocks i during the time interval q. This can be achieved, for example, using (e.g., a single) RF chain (e.g., such as...). Figure 2 (As shown in the example shown) or implemented using more than one RF chain.

[0108] The power allocated to (e.g., each) digital configuration block can be adjusted, for example, by multiplication factors (e.g., g1 and / or g2) in the baseband and / or by additional or alternative multiplication factors in the RF. In the example, the multiplication factors can be a function of the subcarrier spacing of the corresponding block. For example, g1 and g2 can be proportional to the subcarrier spacing used for the first and second digital configuration blocks, and can be inversely proportional to N1 and N2, respectively. This example can implement a power-dependent factor for digital configuration, for example, as described herein.

[0109] Factors g1 and g2 can be set independently within the dynamic range constraints of the digital-to-analog converter (DAC). This example allows other parameters to depend on the settings of the digital configuration blocks, and parameters such as P can be estimated when the nodes receiving different digital configuration blocks may be different or when the interference levels between different blocks may differ. 0_x_i,c (q), α i,c or PL i,c .

[0110] Figure 2 An example of using an RF chain to transmit over multiple digital configuration blocks is shown.

[0111] For example, the power of a digital configuration block can be determined for each block (e.g., for each digital configuration block) using formulas as described herein. For example, power can be allocated when a transmission using multiple digital configuration blocks can utilize an RF chain (e.g., a single RF chain). The power allocation for each digital configuration block can be set differently than the power required per block. For example, the power allocation for each digital configuration block can be set differently due to the dynamic range constraints of the DAC. The range constraint can impose a maximum ratio R between powers of two digital configuration blocks. For a pair of blocks, the ratio of the required power for each block may exceed R. In the example, the power allocated to the block with the minimum required power could be increased to P. x,i’ / R. P x,i’ This can be the required power of the block with the maximum required power. The power allocated to the block with the maximum required power can be set to this required power.

[0112] (For example, in linear units) The power allocated to a transmission using multiple digital configuration blocks can be a function of the sum of the power required by each digital configuration block.

[0113] In the example, the power allocation can be expressed according to Equation 3:

[0114]

[0115] The number of digital configuration blocks can be represented as m. For example, when there may be m simultaneous transmissions during a timer interval q, the same or similar process can be applied, where each transmission can use a specific digital configuration block.

[0116] The maximum transmission power P configured CMAX,c (q) can be the sum of transmissions on one or more (e.g., all) digital configuration blocks of cell c. Such a parameter can be determined by the maximum power reduction (MPR), which can be a function of the frequency allocation on each digital configuration block. For example, the applicable maximum power reduction can depend on the frequency difference between the frequency allocations of a pair of digital configuration blocks.

[0117] In the example, for instance, when the sum of the transmission power on m digital configurations exceeds P CMAX,c When (q), the transmission power on one or more (e.g., all) digital configuration blocks can be reduced proportionally by the same factor, so that P CMAX,c (q) may not be exceeded. For example, for a (e.g., a single) transmission using resources with multiple digital configuration blocks, the transmission power on one or more digital configuration blocks can be scaled down by the same factor. The transmission power can be scaled down by, for example, different factors depending on the digital configuration blocks. For example, the transmission power can be scaled down by different factors used for multiple simultaneous transmissions. For example, scaling can be applied to certain digital configuration blocks according to one or more priority rules that depend on the attributes of the digital configuration blocks (e.g., subcarrier spacing value or symbol duration) and / or the attributes of the transmissions using said digital configuration blocks.

[0118] Power allocation can be used in conjunction with EIRP limits. WTRUs can use one or more beams (e.g., pre-encoders) to perform simultaneous transmissions. (E.g., each) beam can be associated with beam processing and / or beam-to-link links. (E.g., each) beam can be associated with a separate RF chain to allow individual transmissions.

[0119] A WTRU may have (e.g., maximum) Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP). For example, a WTRU may have a maximum EIRP to comply with regulatory requirements. A WTRU may impose (e.g., maximum) Total Radiated Power (TRP). This can be described as the WTRU distributing power to different transmissions while complying with requirements.

[0120] Power scaling principles can be used. To meet the maximum EIRP requirement, the WTRU can ensure that the EIRP in any direction relative to the WTRU does not exceed the maximum EIRP (EIRP). max The direction can be (e.g., typically) defined in an elevation (θ) and azimuth (φ) angle in a spherical coordinate system centered on the WTRU location, where a reference plane is connected to the WTRU physical geometry. To simplify the notation in one or more examples described herein, the notation d can be used to represent a pair of spherical coordinates (θ, φ).

[0121] For a transmission t on a directional antenna system (e.g., an array or panel), the EIRP in a specific direction d can be expressed as the conducted power P. t and gain function G b(t) The product of (d), where b(t) can be an index representing one of a set of possible beams (e.g., radiation modes) that can be synthesized for transmission t. For a set of simultaneous transmissions over time interval q, the requirement can be expressed as:

[0122]

[0123] WTRU can meet the maximum TRP (TRP) max The requirement is that the TRP can sum the power radiated in one or more (e.g., all) directions. TRP max The requirement can be expressed as:

[0124]

[0125] G t This can depend on the parameters of the antenna system and RF chain used for transmission. It can be assumed that this parameter is known based on the calibration and testing process. For example, the conducted power P can be calibrated. t (q) makes G t =1. If the conduction power P t (q) is calibrated to G t =1, then the requirement can be similar to the maximum total transmission power P. CMAX , where P CMAX It can be the upper limit limited by TRPmax.

[0126] If a set of conduction power P is calculated based on other power control methods t (q) and if the time interval q exceeds EIRP max or TRP max Then WTRU can scale the transmission (one or more) such that the following condition is satisfied:

[0127]

[0128] as well as

[0129]

[0130] Where w t (i) can be a scaling factor between 0 and 1.

[0131] If WTRU knows the gain function G of each transmission of transmission d (e.g., each transmission d) b(t) (d) Then the WTRU can estimate the total EIRP in a specific direction d. The gain function for a given direction can be estimated based on knowledge of the antenna system geometry and the weights applied to each antenna element. The WTRU can store the gain functions for a predetermined set of directions and a predetermined set of possible beams. The gain functions can be obtained through measurement or testing.

[0132] EIRP estimation and scaling can be used by leveraging coupling parameters. To determine whether scaling is needed due to EIRP, WTRU can determine, for a subset of the directions d that EIRP may maximize: ∑ t P t (q)G b(t) (d). For example, for G b(t) (d) In the direction of maximization, WTRU can estimate the EIRP value for each transmission t. The maximum value can be referred to as Gb. max And the corresponding direction can be called Db max To estimate the EIRP in this direction, the WTRU can add the contribution of other beams b', where the gain of these other beams b' may not be in Db. max To maximize the gain of beam b, the total EIRP in the direction of gain maximization can be determined as:

[0133]

[0134] Where C b,b’ It can be the ratio between the gain of beam b' and the gain of beam b in the direction where the gain of beam b is likely to be the greatest:

[0135]

[0136] This ratio can be referred to as the coupling parameter of a beam pair (b, b') (e.g., an ordered beam pair (b, b')). WTRU can determine the EIRP for each transmission t. b(t),max tot The value of t, and scaling can be performed. WTRU can perform scaling such that for any t, EIR Pb(t),max tot It can not exceed EIRP max It is not necessary to assume that the coupling parameters are symmetric. For example, C b,b’ Can be used with C b’,b Different. It can be C. b,b’ With C b’,b Use the same value (for example, by using C) b,b’ With C b’,b The maximum value between (as defined herein) (for example, to simplify calculations and / or reduce signaling overhead).

[0137] The coupling parameters can be determined.

[0138] The coupling parameters can be obtained. For example, the coupling parameters can be obtained when estimating EIRP using one or more of the EIRP estimation methods described herein. The coupling parameters can be obtained using one or more of the methods described herein.

[0139] The coupling parameters can be estimated using WTRU and signaled to the network.

[0140] WTRU can compute and / or store coupling parameters based on knowledge of the gain function (e.g., the gain function for each possible beam that can be generated). When the number of possible beams is not very large, or for certain implementations such as Beam Grid (GoB), coupling parameters can be computed and / or stored by WTRU using knowledge of the gain function. Coupling parameters can also be stored based on measurements.

[0141] WTRU can provide information related to coupling parameters (e.g., to aid network scheduling) based on one or more of the following: (i) P of each beam CMAX (i) PHR triggered by changes; (ii) reporting coupling parameters; and / or (iii) network-based coupling parameter estimation.

[0142] It can be used by P of each beam CMAX The PHR is triggered by changes in the beam. The WTRU can provide power headroom (PH) information related to transmission over a beam (e.g., or beam processing), which can be based on one or more coupling parameters of the beam used for transmission over other beams (e.g., or beam processing). The WTRU can calculate the PH for transmission on the first beam (e.g., assuming the WTRU will use the conducted power (and / or mode) last used for the second beam for simultaneous transmission on the second beam). The PH of the beam in time interval q can be defined as the time interval at the configured maximum transmission power P applicable to the beam. CMAX,b (q) is the difference (e.g., in dB) between the desired transmission power of the beam. As described herein, P CMAX,b The value of (q) can depend on the gain function of the beam used. At least since the last reported transmission, P CMAX,b A PHR can be triggered when the value of (q) changes. For example, at least when the P... CMAX,b When the absolute difference of (q) changes above the threshold, PHR can be triggered.

[0143] The reporting of coupling parameters can be used. WTRU can (e.g., directly) provide values ​​for at least one coupling parameter applicable to a pair of beams.

[0144] For example, the WTRU can send one or more coupling parameters related to the currently used or configured beam (e.g., for each beam processing or beam-to-link). One or more coupling parameter information can be provided in Media Access Control (MAC) layer signaling. This one or more coupling parameter information can be provided in the MAC layer along with or as part of a Power Headroom (PH) report. The report can be triggered based on a change in the value of one or more coupling parameters. For example, a report can be triggered if the value of one or more coupling parameters changes beyond a threshold, or becomes higher (or lower) than a threshold. This threshold can be predefined or configured by a higher layer. This information (e.g., coupling parameters related to the currently used or configured beam) can be provided as physical layer signaling (e.g., uplink control information). For example, the coupling information can be quantized into several bits or a single bit. The coupling information can be sent periodically or after receiving downlink control information. The sent coupling information can indicate uplink clearance or can indicate a trigger for sending the coupling information.

[0145] The WTRU can provide a set of coupling parameters (e.g., all or a subset) between possible beam pairs that can be generated by (e.g., each) antenna system. This set of coupling parameter information can be provided by higher-layer signaling, for example, as part of capability information along with other antenna-related information. The network can be informed and / or the network can control the identification of the beam used for each beam processing or beam pair link. For example, when a beam is changed for one or more beam processing, the WTRU can provide the identification of the new beam and / or the identification of the beam whose pattern most closely matches the new beam.

[0146] Network-based coupling parameters can be estimated. These coupling parameters can be obtained from signaling from the network (e.g., physical layer, MAC, and / or Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer signaling). For example, coupling parameters applicable to transmission t can be provided as part of a corresponding license. These coupling parameters can be measured at the transmit / receive point (TRP) network. For example, the coupling parameters can be measured at the TRP network based on the assumption that most of the energy received at the TRP for beam b can be contributed by the main lobe of beam b. Using the same beam at the TRP, the ratio between the received power of the signal transmitted using beam b and the received power of the signal transmitted using beam b' can provide information about C. b,b’ The WTRU can use each beam to transmit a probe signal. For example, the WTRU can use each beam to transmit a probe signal when a trigger is received from signaling at the physical layer or a higher layer.

[0147] Dual-connectivity power allocation with EIRP requirements can be used. For example, in NR-LTE, LTE-LTE, or NR-NR dual-connectivity scenarios, the WTRU can be configured with two MAC instances (or cell groups). The WTRU can calculate the power allocation for transmissions of one or more cell groups based on EIRP requirements according to one of the following: The WTRU can determine the temporary power allocation for the first cell group by using power allocation with two cell groups (e.g., by using power control mode 1 or mode 2), thereby determining the available power (e.g., in terms of conducted power) for the first cell group. Guaranteed power available for each cell group can be considered. When considering transmissions from the second cell group, the WTRU can determine whether the EIRP requirements are met. If the temporary power allocation does not meet the EIRP requirements, the WTRU can determine an actual power allocation for the cell group that is lower than the temporary power allocation, so that the EIRP requirements are met.

[0148] The WTRU can be configured to use power allocation, whereby the power allocation of the first cell group can be determined based on one or more of the following: the configured maximum total power P CMAX The total power of ongoing transmissions in the second cell group, and / or the guaranteed power of the second cell group. The WTRU can use the process for determining the power allocation of the cell group using power control mode 2 to determine the temporary power allocation P of the first cell group. CG1,t The WTRU can determine (e.g., by using one of the procedures described herein) whether EIRP will be exceeded for the portion overlapping with the ongoing transmission of CG2 and for the portion overlapping with subsequent transmissions of CG2 as described herein. max .

[0149] For the portion overlapping with the ongoing transmission of CG2, WTRU can scale the transmission of CG1 using a factor wt'(i) such that the following condition can be satisfied for any direction d:

[0150]

[0151] For portions overlapping with subsequent transmissions of CG2, the WTRU may not be aware of the power requirements of such transmissions at the time of the determination. The WTRU may determine or assume that CG2 will use up to its guaranteed power PCG2, and that this guaranteed power may be used by transmissions on a beam (e.g., a single beam, a single transmission). The WTRU may use wt"(i) to scale the transmission of CG1 such that for any direction d of any beam b(t') that can be configured for transmissions of CG2, the following condition is satisfied.

[0152]

[0153] The WTRU can determine or assume that CG2 will use up to its guaranteed power, but this guaranteed power will be shared among CG2 transmissions in a specific manner (e.g., based on the latest transmission from CG2 or on an equal basis). The WTRU can perform scaling based on the same principles described herein (e.g., based on coupling parameters).

[0154] For each transmission t of CG1, WTRU can determine its scaling factor as the minimum between wt'(i) and wt"(i).

[0155] Power allocation for transmission can use P with configuration for each direction. CMAX Multiple beams. For example, the WTRU can be configured to perform a first transmission using a first transmission beam and a second transmission using a second transmission beam.

[0156] WTRU can use (e.g., EIRP compliant) coupling parameters that depend on the respective coupling parameters in the context of... Figure 3 and 4 The angular spacing between the main lobes of the beams shown takes values ​​of 0 or 1. α and β can represent the angular spacing between beams 1 and 2, and θ can be an angular threshold. Figure 3 As shown, α can be greater than a threshold (e.g., θ). Figure 4 As shown, β can be less than an angular threshold (e.g., θ). The angular spacing between beams can be based on one or more of the following of the first and second transmission beams: angular distance, directional correlation, and / or spatial separation.

[0157] The WTRU can determine / configure the uplink transmission power (e.g., maximum transmission power) for one or more of the first or second transmissions. For example, the configured maximum transmission power P can be defined. CMAX,d(q) and can be applied according to beam (or direction). For example, if beams are separated in the spatial (or angular) domain beyond a first spacing threshold (e.g., θ), the total power of the multiple beams may exceed the threshold. If the angular spacing between the first and second transmission beams is greater than the first spacing threshold, the uplink transmission power can be determined. For example, the uplink transmission power can be determined based on the first and second transmissions. The first transmission can be associated with a first transmission beam having a first maximum power level parameter. The second transmission can be associated with a second transmission beam having a second maximum power level parameter. If the system uses an antenna system with analog beam capability (e.g., with a fixed angular spacing), the angular spacing of the beams can be configured based on the position / azimuth of the antennas in the system. The maximum transmission power configured for each direction can be defined according to the conducted power (e.g., the first and second maximum power level parameters). For example, it can be based on the maximum gain Gb on one or more (e.g., all) possible beams that can be synthesized by WTRU. max and / or EIRP max (q) determines the maximum transmission power configured for each direction, for example, P CMAX,d (q)=EIRP max (q) / Gb max P CMAX,d (q) can be defined according to EIRP. (and P) CMAX,d The threshold used together can be half-power bandwidth. This half-power bandwidth can be signaled as part of the WTRU beamforming capability.

[0158] WTRU can determine, for example, the total transmission power P of one or more (e.g., all) transmissions using beam b. x,b (q) can be based on one or more example processes discussed herein. For example, the uplink transmission power can be determined if the angular spacing between the first and second transmission beams is less than a second spacing threshold. For example, the uplink transmission power can be determined based on a first transmission and a second transmission having a shared maximum power level parameter. For example, the first transmission can be associated with a first transmission beam, and the second transmission can be associated with a second transmission beam. The WTRU can determine (e.g., for each subset of beams that may be within the spatial spacing threshold) the sum of transmission power on the beam subsets (e.g., in linear units) (e.g., if the angular spacing between the transmission beams is less than the spacing threshold). The sum of transmission power may exceed the configured maximum transmission power P. CMAX,d (q). The WTRU can reduce the power of at least one transmission (e.g., using at least one of the beam subsets) so that it can not exceed P. CMAX,d (q). The conducted transmission power of each transmission can be multiplied by the maximum gain of the corresponding beam (e.g., where P) before summation. CMAX,d(q) can be defined using EIRP. For example, scaling can be applied to certain transmissions (e.g., in a specific order) based on one or more priority rules.

[0159] The first and second transmission beams can be used separately to transmit the first and second transmissions. The transmitted first and / or second beams can be scaled.

[0160] The P-type beam-dependent beam can be used, which is caused by EIRP. CMAX The reduction. The configured maximum transmission power P CMAX,b (q) can be defined for transmissions made via beam or beam processing within time interval q. If the WTRU transmits simultaneously within time interval q using at least one second beam b', a power reduction due to EIRP (e.g., maximum power reduction) can be applied within that time interval. The amount of reduction can be determined based on the gain (e.g., G). b (d) and / or G b’ (d) is determined. For example, the reduction amount can be based on the coupling parameter C. b,b’ and C b’,b In the example, the reduction amount can be determined based on the angular spacing between the main lobes of b and b'.

[0161] Transmission can be made by P CMAX,b (q) Limitations. Subsequent scaling may be applied to meet the total radiated power and / or EIRP requirements as described herein.

[0162] Resource selection can be power-aware. The WTRU can, for example, select resources for the first transmission from a set of configured resources provided by physical layer signaling and / or higher layer signaling. Resources can be defined in the time, frequency, and / or spatial (or beam) domains. The first transmission can occur concurrently with a second transmission for which resource selection may not be applied. For example, the first transmission can occur simultaneously with the second transmission for which resource selection may not be applicable to a fully scheduled transmission.

[0163] In the example, the selection of resources for the first transmission can be based on resources for the second transmission. For example, the first transmission can be based on resources for the second transmission in an attempt to maximize the configured maximum transmission power that can be applied to the total transmission power of the two transmissions. For example, resources can be selected based on the configured maximum transmission power applicable to the total transmission, as well as other configured maximum transmission power that can be applied (e.g., individually) to each transmission, such that the power allocated for the first transmission can be maximized (e.g., to reach its required or desired power).

[0164] The second transmission can occupy resources in the frequency domain based on a given allocation. For example, the frequency domain allocation of the first transmission can be selected to attempt to maximize the applicable maximum configured transmission power P. CMAX,c (q). The frequency domain allocation of the first transmission can be selected to minimize the maximum power reduction. The frequency domain allocation of the first transmission can be selected to adjust the maximum power reduction. Maximization can be achieved. For example, maximization can be achieved by maximizing the gap between the frequency allocations of multiple (e.g., two) transmissions.

[0165] In the example, the second transmission can use a specific beam. The beam used for the first transmission can be selected in an attempt to maximize its transmission power. For example, the beam used for the first transmission can be selected to attempt to maximize the transmission power to its desired or expected power. This can be based on the configured maximum transmission power P in each direction. CMAX,d (q) and / or the maximum transmission power of other configurations for each beam, select a beam to attempt to maximize said transmission power. As described herein, for example, when scaling is available to satisfy the configured maximum transmission power for each direction, selecting a beam for the first transmission to maximize transmission power may result in the WTRU selecting a beam for the first transmission whose spatial (or angular) spacing from the beam used for the second transmission may be higher than a threshold.

[0166] Power prioritization and priority rules applicable to transmissions may use one or more digital configurations, beams, and / or waveforms. Scaling may be applied to a set of digital configuration blocks or transmissions. Priority order and / or attributes (such as the type of information carried by the transmission) used in other systems may be determined using one or more of the following attributes (or criteria): (i) digital configuration parameters applicable to the digital configuration block or transmission (e.g., scaling may be applied to transmissions using lower subcarrier spacing or larger symbol durations); (ii) transmission duration; (iii) beam index or beam processing index (e.g., scaling may be applied last to transmissions associated with the main beam); (iv) explicit indications applicable to the transmission or digital configuration block received from downlink control information; (v) attributes related to the beam (or beam usage); (vi) waveforms used for the transmission (e.g., CP-OFDM or SC-FDMA); and / or (vii) the type of UL transmission (e.g., scaling may be applied to transmissions performed without UL permission and / or to transmissions using multiple repetitions for higher reliability). For example, scaling can be applied (e.g., last) to a transmission associated with beam processing of control transmissions in the downlink and / or uplink, or scaling can be applied (e.g., last) to a transmission associated with a default beam or a backoff beam.

[0167] The overall priority between transmissions or digital configuration blocks can be determined based on one or more criteria. In the example, for instance, when the value of the first criterion for transmissions to be prioritized can be the same, a second or other criterion described herein can be considered. For example, transmissions can be prioritized (e.g., firstly) according to the information carried by the transmission (e.g., the type of higher-layer data and / or control information), and then (e.g., secondly) according to subcarrier spacing. Subcarrier spacing criteria can be considered between transmissions of the same type of higher-layer data and / or control information.

[0168] Transmissions using a first waveform may apply a first set of priorities based on a first combination of one or more (e.g., all) of the attributes described herein, and transmissions using a second waveform may apply a second set of priorities based on a second combination of one or more (e.g., all) of the attributes described herein. Priorities can be defined per waveform, and within each waveform (e.g., where multiple simultaneous transmissions can occur using multiple different waveforms), some or all of the priorities described above may be used from a suitable set. In other examples, the priorities for multiple simultaneous waveform transmissions may be a third set of priorities based on a third combination of one or more attributes described herein. The first, second, and third combinations may include one or more of the different attributes described herein.

[0169] UL transmissions can be scheduled in a non-contiguous manner. For example, one or more UL transmissions can be scheduled non-contiguously across multiple sets of non-adjacent PRBs. WTRUs can be configured with a set of priorities based on one or more (e.g., all) attributes described herein and / or based on whether contiguous or non-contiguous allocation is used.

[0170] Discontinuous allocations can include one or more (e.g., multiple) blocks with consecutive PRBs. Blocks (e.g., each block) can be defined to have their own priority. In the example, the priority order of the blocks can be pre-configured. In the example, the priority order of the blocks can be indicated to the WTRU. The priority of a block can depend on its location within the carrier. For example, a block located near the edge of the bandwidth can have a different priority than a block located near the middle. The priority of a block can also depend on its frequency domain location within the carrier. For example, the carrier can be divided into one or more regions used by different waveforms (e.g., in the frequency domain). Blocks transmitted near the edges of such regions can use lower power to achieve appropriate filtering. Blocks transmitted near the edges can have high priority (e.g., they may be using reduced power). In the example, blocks near the edges can be assigned low priority (e.g., they may cause interference).

[0171] Power can be guaranteed for transmissions associated with a digital configuration block or beam. Guaranteed power can be expressed as a ratio of the configured maximum transmission power. Guaranteed power, expressed as a ratio of the configured maximum transmission power, can be configured for one or more types of transmissions and / or digital configuration blocks. Guaranteed power can be configured for a subset of transmissions. Reducing the power of a subset of transmissions may be limited so that the total power of that subset does not fall below the guaranteed power. For example, if guaranteed power is configured for a particular subset of transmissions, the power reduction of the subset can be limited so that the total power of that subset does not fall below the guaranteed power. Guaranteed power can be applied to a subset of transmissions based on one or more of the following attributes: (i) scheduled or unscheduled transmissions; (ii) transmissions indicated by downlink control information (e.g., explicit indication) as subject to guaranteed power constraints; (iii) transmissions associated with digital configuration blocks (e.g., or using a certain subcarrier spacing); (iv) transmissions associated with a specific beam or beam processing (e.g., beam index, main beam, beam for control information, backoff beam, and / or default beam); (v) transmissions associated with waveform type; and / or (vi) continuous or discontinuous allocation.

[0172] A WTRU with multiple simultaneous transmissions using multiple waveforms can be configured with a guaranteed minimum power for each group of transmissions for each waveform type. If a minimum power for each group of transmissions for each waveform type is guaranteed, the WTRU can allocate any remaining power using priority rules as described herein.

[0173] Different PRB blocks in a discontinuous allocation can have different guaranteed minimum powers. The different guaranteed minimum powers for each block can depend on the transmission content of the block or the position of the block within the overall carrier spectrum.

[0174] The WTRU can determine the transmission power (e.g., a portion of the transmission) in the first digital configuration block based on the guaranteed power of the first and second digital configuration blocks. The first and second digital configuration blocks may correspond to different TTI durations. The first and second digital configuration blocks may belong to the same MAC instance.

[0175] For example, guaranteed power can be determined semi-statically and / or dynamically based on a field in downlink control information (DCI) that signals permission for a first transmission. This value can be determined based on whether the transmission overlaps in time with timing configured by a higher layer (e.g., resources defined in the time domain). Time resources may correspond to resources available for certain types of transmissions (e.g., higher-priority transmissions).

[0176] When determining the available transmission power for a transmission of the first digital configuration block, the WTRU can adjust the power such that transmissions of the second digital configuration block that may overlap with the first transmission in time (e.g., start simultaneously or later than the first transmission) are allocated up to the guaranteed power of the second digital configuration block according to principles similar to those used in dual-connectivity power control mode 2. If at least one transmission of the second digital configuration block starts simultaneously with the first transmission and the WTRU can determine that other transmissions from the second digital configuration block that start later will not overlap, the WTRU can determine the power of the first transmission based on the power requirements of the second digital configuration block transmissions. For example, when at least one transmission of the second configuration block starts simultaneously with the first transmission and the WTRU can determine that other transmissions from the second digital configuration block that start later will not overlap, the WTRU can, for example, consider the guaranteed power and / or other priority criteria applicable to the first transmission according to principles similar to those used in dual-connectivity power control mode 1.

[0177] The power allocation for transmission can be changed at certain times. Each time interval where power change is not permitted can be called a segment. In cases where the transmission of a first digital configuration block has more than one segment, the power of each segment can be determined based on the transmission of a second digital configuration block that may overlap in time within that segment. The WTRU can determine a guaranteed power value depending on a specific segment of the transmission. This guaranteed power value can be provided by dynamic signaling. These values ​​can be determined based on whether the segment overlaps with an event defined by a higher layer (e.g., or a resource defined in the time domain).

[0178] The guaranteed power of the digital configuration block can be the total maximum power configured for the WTRU (e.g., P). CMAX It can be expressed as a fraction or as the available power of the MAC in absolute units (e.g., in mW or dBm) (at least when a MAC instance is configured for WTRU).

[0179] The WTRU can be configured to have two MAC instances. One or more digital configuration blocks can be associated with each MAC instance. The WTRU can determine the available power of the first MAC instance based on the transmission power of the ongoing transmission and / or the guaranteed power of the second MAC instance. The WTRU can determine the guaranteed power of each digital configuration block associated with the first MAC instance as a fraction of the available power of that first MAC instance. This fraction can be signaled using physical layer and / or higher layer signaling as described herein.

[0180] Power can be allocated even in the presence of unintended receivers (e.g., victim nodes). In the example, receiving nodes can be densely located in a close geographical proximity area. Receiving nodes can be, for example, WTRUs, TRPs, relays, etc. Transmitted data can originate from one or more of WTRUs, TRPs, and / or relays. Flexibility allows for the simultaneous scheduling of multiple transmission directions (e.g., UL, DL, and / or single-link (SL)) on overlapping resource sets.

[0181] Interference on adjacent receiving nodes can be reduced. The WTRU can adjust its UL transmission power based on its contribution to this interference. This can be applicable, for example, when beamforming is available, and when the WTRU transmits in one beam direction toward its intended receiving node and another receiving node (e.g., a victim node) exists on the same beam path.

[0182] A WTRU can be configured with a set of parameters that it can use to modify its UL power control formula. Parameters that can be used to modify the UL power control formula may include one or more of the following: (i) the total number of victim nodes; (ii) the identification of one or more victim nodes; (iii) the path loss of one or more victim nodes; (iv) the maximum received interference power of one or more victim nodes; (v) the alpha factor; (vi) the digital configuration used by one or more victim nodes; (vii) the resources used to modify its UL power; and / or (viii) the type of one or more victim nodes.

[0183] In the example of the total number of victim nodes, the transmission of the WTRU can interfere with a group of nodes that can be considered victim nodes. For example, assuming that the power formula used by the WTRU can be a function of the total number of victim nodes (e.g., many victims, a single victim, and / or no victims), the WTRU can be configured with a number of victim nodes.

[0184] In the example of identifying victim nodes (one or more), the node's identity can (for example, firstly) enable WTRU to find resources on which it can measure, for example, to determine the value of items on that list.

[0185] In the example of path loss for victim nodes (one or more), WTRU can calculate the path loss for victim nodes (one or more). Calculating the path loss for victim nodes (one or more) may involve knowledge about the transmission power of the victim nodes (one or more), which may be indicated by the serving node, broadcast by the potential victim node, or signaled from the potential victim node (one or more) in a dedicated manner.

[0186] In the example of the maximum received interference power at the victim node (one or more), the parameter can indicate to the WTRU the maximum interference power that the victim node can operate at.

[0187] The alpha factor can indicate, for example, the potential of each victim node.

[0188] In an example where the UL power of a resource needs to be modified, the WTRU may use a first power control formula (which assumes the number of victim nodes (e.g., many, one, and / or none)) for transmission in the first set of resources, and may use a second power control formula (which assumes the number of victim nodes (e.g., many, one, and / or none)) for transmission in the second set of resources. Resources may be one or more of the following: time resources (e.g., subframes, time slots, or symbols), frequency resources (e.g., PRBs or subcarriers), spatial resources (e.g., analog or digital beams), and / or non-orthogonal multiple access resources (e.g., spread spectrum sequences or interleavers), etc.

[0189] In the example of victim node (one or more) types, victim nodes can be separated into multiple types (e.g., WTRU, TRP, and / or relay). For example, other parameters may be affected depending on the type of victim node. For instance, the α factor of a victim node may take different values ​​depending on the type of victim node.

[0190] One or more of the parameters described herein and / or other parameters may be included in the power control formula, such as the example formulas given herein. For example, the WTRU may transmit using a digital configuration (e.g., a single digital configuration). The WTRU may be configured with a set of K victim nodes. The WTRU may use, for example, Equation 4 to determine the PUSCH transmit power.

[0191]

[0192] P O_INT,k,c It can be the maximum interference power that the victim node k can tolerate, and θ k It can be an offset factor (e.g., similar to M) x,i,c (q), N i,c Δ TF,c (q) and / or f c (one or more combinations of q).

[0193] For example, other equations (such as those given herein) can be modified by including one or more parameters associated with the victim node (as described herein) in the power control formula. For instance, the WTRU can use Equation 5 to determine the transmit power:

[0194]

[0195] In the example, WTRU can use a different set of parameters (e.g., different from those indicated in the formulas presented here), and this different set of parameters can depend on the presence of one or more victim nodes. For example, for Equation 5... The value can depend on the presence of one or more victim nodes. In the example, the power control formula can produce several different values ​​depending on the presence of victim nodes (one or more) (e.g., no victim nodes, one or more victim nodes).

[0196] The WTRU can receive dynamic indications regarding one or more (e.g., enhanced) power control formulas, which may, for example, take into account the presence of victim nodes. For instance, the WTRU can be semi-statically configured with power control parameter adjustments for use in the presence of victim nodes. Dynamic indications can be used to switch or transform the WTRU between power control formulas that may assume, for example, multiple, one, or no victim nodes.

[0197] One or more parameters used in the (e.g., enhanced) power control formula can be determined, for example, by the WTRU. For instance, the WTRU can be configured with a set of resources on which it can perform measurements from multiple potential victim nodes. In this example, the WTRU can determine (e.g., autonomously determine) the resources from which it can perform measurements from the multiple potential victim nodes.

[0198] A WTRU can indicate a set of victim nodes to its serving node. This set of victim nodes can consist of nodes whose measurements meet a certain criterion. For example, a WTRU can measure path loss on a resource and select the top n nodes that achieve the lowest path loss values. In the example, a WTRU can measure path loss on a resource and select one or more nodes whose path loss is within the difference in path loss to its serving node. In the example, a WTRU can measure activity (e.g., as a function of the ratio of signals sent in a resource) and can report a set of n nodes whose activity is considered to be above a threshold.

[0199] Dual connectivity allows for multiple (e.g., two) scheduling entities and can operate without synchronized carriers (e.g., reference subframe rules can exist for overlapping transmissions). For example, when using DC versus NR, the time-domain digital configuration may differ between base stations. The rules in DC can be time-domain dependent reference entities on which power allocation rules can be based. The longest time-domain scheduling entity can be a reference for the power control process.

[0200] In the example, the WTRU can initiate a power allocation process for overlapping transmissions between carriers, where one carrier can maintain a reference time entity (followed by a lower time-based scheduling entity) using, for example, a basic allocation rule defined for the carrier. If a power constraint occurs, the WTRU can consider priorities that can be determined to have been signaled over the network. For example, the WTRU can consider priorities that can be determined to have been signaled over the network based on the SCS size or the scheduling resources configured with the shortest time domain.

[0201] If a power-limited situation occurs, other (e.g., similar) rules described in various (e.g., CA) scenarios can be followed, and for example, the WTRU can signal the network at the main base station or the main network entity to the power-limited situation (e.g., with similar consequences from the network side).

[0202] Power sharing with band-dependent power can be used. For example, power sharing with a maximum power dependent on the band can be used. There may be limitations on the maximum total transmit power, which depends on one or more characteristics of the group of transmissions. For example, the maximum allowed total transmit power may depend on one or more of the band, radio access technology (RAT), and / or waveform type. For example, the maximum total transmit power may depend on the band due to different maximum surface absorptivity (SAR) requirements depending on the band.

[0203] When a WTRU performs (e.g., simultaneously) transmissions that do not share one or more (e.g., all) the same characteristics (e.g., transmissions in different frequency bands), one or more transmissions may be limited. For example, one or more transmissions may be limited by a maximum total normalized transmission power. This normalized transmission power can be defined as the ratio (e.g., in linear units) between the transmission power and the maximum total transmission power applicable to a set of transmissions with the same characteristics (e.g., in the same frequency band). The maximum total normalized transmission power can be equal to one (1). For example, the maximum total normalized transmission power equal to 1 can be expressed by the following formula:

[0204]

[0205] In this formula, parameter b can represent the index of the transmission group, where each group can share the same characteristics (e.g., frequency band). Parameter i can represent the index of the transmission within each group. Parameter N b This can represent the number of transmissions in group b. Parameter P i,b P can represent the transmission power of the i-th transmission in group b. CMAX,b This can represent the maximum total transmission power configured for the transmission in group b. CMAX,bThe maximum total transmission power for the configuration of Group b may include power reductions associated with a specific frequency band (e.g., due to SAR or MPE (maximum power exposure) security limits, respectively).

[0206] Using a limit on the maximum total power ensures that the WTRU meets the requirements related to surface absorption caused by transmissions exposed to multiple frequency bands.

[0207] If the limit is defined based on the total standardized transmission power, the determination of power sharing (e.g., or power scaling) between transmissions can be based on one or more of the following criteria / processes.

[0208] Example techniques for determining how power is shared (e.g., or how power is scaled) between transmissions can utilize a configured guaranteed power for one or more transmissions (e.g., for each transmission). For example, guaranteed power can be configured for transmissions of cell groups, digital configuration blocks, and / or beams. Guaranteed power can be defined as a ratio (e.g., percentage) of the configured total transmission power. The configured total transmission power can be a function of the cell groups, digital configuration blocks, and / or beams to which the guaranteed power is applicable. If the configured total transmission power is a function of the cell groups, digital configuration blocks, and / or beams to which the guaranteed power is applicable, then the guaranteed power can be referred to as guaranteed normalized power.

[0209] Power normalization can be used to perform power allocation or power scaling. For example, power allocation or power scaling can be performed using normalized power instead of absolute power and / or in addition to using absolute power. For example, normalized power can divide the transmitted power by the configured total transmitted power applicable to that group of transmissions.

[0210] Power allocation can be performed for two or more cell groups. For example, power allocation can be performed for two cell groups: the first cell group corresponds to a set of carriers within a 3.5 GHz band, and the second cell group corresponds to a set of carriers at approximately 30 GHz. The maximum total power configured for the first cell group (3.5 GHz) can be 23 dBm (or 200 mW), while the maximum total power configured for the second cell group (30 GHz) can be 20 dBm (or 100 mW). For the first and second cell groups, the guaranteed (e.g., normalized) power can be 30% and 40%, respectively. The WTRU can use, for example, open-loop power control, closed-loop power control, and / or a combination of open-loop and closed-loop power control to determine the (e.g., required or desired) transmission power for each transmission in each cell group. The WTRU can determine the normalized required transmission power for each transmission by dividing the required transmission power by (or in linear units) the maximum total power configured for the cell group applicable to the transmission. For example, for a transmission requiring 13 dBm (or 20 mW) in the first cell group, the normalized required transmission power could be (20 mW / 200 mW) = 0.10, while for a transmission requiring 13 dBm (or 20 mW) in the second cell group, the normalized required transmission power would be (20 mW / 100 mW) = 0.20. Power allocation calculations can be similar to those used for power control mode 1 (or mode 2) in LTE dual connectivity, except that scaling can be applied to the normalized required transmission power value instead of the absolute required transmission power value. The guaranteed normalized power and the remaining power (e.g., 100% minus the sum of guaranteed power) can be expressed as a ratio. When the calculation is complete, the sum of the scaled normalized transmission power values ​​can not exceed value one (1). The WTRU can determine the actual scaled transmission power value for a particular transmission by multiplying the scaled normalized transmission power by the total configured transmission power applicable to the cell group for that transmission. For example, if the normalized transmission power for scaling is 0.10 for the transmission of the second cell group, then the actual scaled transmission power could be (0.10 × 100mW) = 10mW or 10dBm.

[0211] WTRU and network entities (e.g., gNB) can exchange power control-related signaling. Multiple digital configurations can be used to trigger and / or calculate Power Headroom Reports (PHRs).

[0212] For example, depending on the uplink transmission configuration and / or multiplexing transmission state, the uplink transmissions in the time domain used for multiplexing digital configurations and / or waveforms may overlap or not overlap.

[0213] For example, when multiple digital configurations and / or waveforms are reused, one or more types of PHRs can be defined. For instance, the type of PHR can be defined for a specific digital configuration and / or waveform, and it can be calculated as the PHR during the transmission time q. CMAX,c (q) and P x,i,c (q) Differences between distributed power.

[0214] For example, from P via an unscheduled but reserved license. CMAX,c (q) (for example, calculated by setting coexistence-related backoff to zero) minus virtual power allocation P x,i,c (q) can be used to calculate the virtual PHR (e.g., when the WTRU supports an unscheduled transport that is not currently in progress).

[0215] For example, the power headroom report (PHR) for digital configuration and / or waveforms can take into account the power headroom ratio (e.g., when it is signaled or determined) by calculating its power headroom relative to its reserved power ratio.

[0216] Example type PHRs can be composite. Composite PHRs can be based on one or more (e.g., all) ongoing transmissions. Composite PHRs can include one or more of the following, for example: (i) a PHR associated with a single digital configuration and / or waveform for a real transmission; (ii) a real transmission PHR combined with a virtual transmission of an unscheduled transmission on another digital configuration and / or waveform; and / or (iii) a virtual PHR for a different digital configuration and / or waveform (e.g., when no real transmission has occurred for a specific defined time interval duration in the past).

[0217] The PHR can consider whether contiguous or discontinuous allocation is expected. If the PHR expects discontinuous allocation, the WTRU can be configured to use a different MPR value for each discontinuous block (e.g., depending on the location of each block within the entire carrier spectrum). The PHR type can segment the spectrum into one or more distinct regions (e.g., each region has an assumed MPR value) and can result in reporting different PHRs for each region. The PHR can include different combinations of values ​​for discontinuous blocks. For example, for transmission assuming a block at one edge and one center of the spectrum, the WTRU can report a first PHR value. For transmission at both edges of the spectrum, the WTRU can report a second PHR value.

[0218] The PHR can be sent to the base station by the WTRU to assist scheduling. For example, the PHR can be periodically scheduled or triggered by changes in one or more parameters, such as one or more of the following: (i) path loss exceeding a threshold to the best serving TRP; (ii) changes in the TRP service group (e.g., a set of TRPs that the WTRU may be actively communicating with); (iii) a reduction in output power management (P-MPR) or (e.g., a sudden) change in uplink power transmission (e.g., NR may support an unscheduled transmission); (iv) dual connectivity (e.g., when an unscheduled transmission initiates a carrier and another scheduling entity can be configured to know about the power reduction); and / or (v) waveform changes (e.g., the WTRU may be instructed or autonomously determine when to change the waveform and / or the event may trigger a PHR for one or more new waveform types and / or one or more (e.g., all) possible waveform types).

[0219] For example, when using power reservation, power constraints can be signaled. Power reservation for a specific carrier or digital configuration may result in power constraints. The WTRU can determine that there may be priority levels among digital configurations (e.g., carriers). The WTRU can signal power constraints to the network. For example, the WTRU can set bit tags that can be specific to a digital configuration or carrier. The WTRU can send a PHR with a zero or negative power headroom indication or a MAC indication. The WTRU can trigger an RRC event. The network can signal new power reservation ratios. For example, the network can signal new power reservation ratios upon receiving an indication from the WTRU. The network can perform resource allocation reconfiguration. The network can adapt uplink scheduling permissions to available resources. Handover preparation can be triggered.

[0220] Systems, methods, and means for uplink power control, such as those for New Radio (NR), have been disclosed. The WTRU can perform power control for uplink transmissions using multiplexed digital configurations, beamforming, and / or related signaling. For example, the WTRU can determine transmission power based on one or more of power allocation rules, priorities, digital configuration dependencies, multiplexed digital configurations, interference (e.g., victim nodes), beamforming, and / or uplink power control related signaling. Power allocation can depend on the digital configuration. Power allocation with multiple digital configurations can consider the maximum DAC dynamic range and / or the maximum configuration power. Power suitable for transmission can be guaranteed. Power allocation for transmission can use P with configuration for each direction. CMAXMultiple beams. Resource selection can be power-aware. Priority rules can be applied to transmissions using multiple digital configurations and / or beams. Power can be allocated based on the presence of unintended receivers (e.g., victim nodes). Multiple digital configurations can be used to trigger and / or calculate power headroom reports. Multiplexed digital configurations can be used to signal power limitations.

[0221] The processes and methods described herein can be applied in any combination, to other wireless technologies, and for other services.

[0222] WTRU can refer to the identifier of a physical device or the identifier of a user, such as subscription-related identifiers like the Mobile International Subscriber Directory Number (MSISDN) or the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Uniform Resource Identifier (URI). WTRU can also refer to application-based identifiers, such as the username that each application can use.

[0223] The above processes can be implemented in computer programs, software, and / or firmware incorporated into computer-readable media for execution by a computer and / or processor. Examples of computer-readable media include, but are not limited to, electronic signals (transmitted via wired and / or wireless connections) and / or computer-readable storage media. Examples of computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), registers, buffer memory, semiconductor storage devices, magnetic media (e.g., but not limited to internal hard disks and removable disks), magneto-optical media, and / or optical media (e.g., CD-ROM discs and / or digital multipurpose discs (DVDs)). The processor associated with the software can be used to implement radio frequency transceivers used in WTRUs, terminals, base stations, RNCs, and / or any computer host.

Claims

1. A method implemented in a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), the method comprising: Determine a set of physical resource blocks associated with the first subcarrier interval; Receive information indicating that at least one physical resource block from the set of physical resource blocks will be used to perform uplink transmission; The transmission power of the uplink transmission is determined based on a value, wherein the value corresponds to the ratio between the first subcarrier spacing and the reference subcarrier spacing; as well as The uplink transmission is performed using the determined transmission power.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The method further includes determining a set of power control parameters, wherein the transmission power is also determined based on the set of power control parameters.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein, The set of power control parameters includes compensation coefficients.

4. The method according to claim 2, wherein, One or more of the power control parameters in the set of power control parameters are configured via higher-layer signaling.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The reference subcarrier spacing is 15 kHz.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein, The first subcarrier spacing is 30 kHz, and the value is 2.

7. The method according to claim 5, wherein, The first subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz, and the value is 4.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The transmission power of the uplink transmission is determined based on a logarithm, wherein the logarithm is determined based on the value.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The uplink transmission corresponds to the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) transmission.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The method further includes: The second group of physical resource blocks is associated with the second subcarrier spacing; The received instruction indicates that a second information will be used to perform a second uplink transmission using at least one physical resource block from the second group of physical resource blocks; A second transmission power for the second uplink transmission is determined based on a second value, wherein the second value corresponds to a second ratio between the second subcarrier spacing and the reference subcarrier spacing; and The second uplink transmission is performed using the determined second transmission power.

11. A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) for wireless communication, the WTRU comprising: The processor is configured as follows: Determine a set of physical resource blocks associated with the first subcarrier interval; Receive information indicating that at least one physical resource block from the set of physical resource blocks will be used to perform uplink transmission; The transmission power of the uplink transmission is determined based on a value, wherein the value corresponds to the ratio between the first subcarrier spacing and the reference subcarrier spacing; as well as The uplink transmission is performed using the determined transmission power.

12. The WTRU according to claim 11, wherein, The processor is also configured to determine a set of power control parameters, wherein the transmission power is determined based on the set of power control parameters.

13. The WTRU according to claim 12, wherein, The set of power control parameters includes compensation coefficients.

14. The WTRU according to claim 12, wherein, One or more of the power control parameters in the set of power control parameters are configured via higher-layer signaling.

15. The WTRU according to claim 11, wherein, The reference subcarrier spacing is 15 kHz.

16. The WTRU according to claim 15, wherein, The first subcarrier spacing is 30 kHz, and the value is 2.

17. The WTRU according to claim 15, wherein, The first subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz, and the value is 4.

18. The WTRU according to claim 11, wherein, The transmission power of the uplink transmission is determined based on a logarithm, wherein the logarithm is determined based on the value.

19. The WTRU according to claim 11, wherein, The uplink transmission corresponds to the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) transmission.

20. The WTRU of claim 11, wherein, The processor is also configured to: The second group of physical resource blocks is associated with the second subcarrier spacing; The received instruction indicates that a second information will be used to perform a second uplink transmission using at least one physical resource block from the second group of physical resource blocks; The second transmission power of the second uplink transmission is determined based on a second value, wherein the second value corresponds to a second ratio between the second subcarrier spacing and the reference subcarrier spacing; as well as The second uplink transmission is performed using the determined second transmission power.

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